The importance of framing | Networking tutorial (5 of 13)

What is framing? Why do we need it? A look at Ethernet and HDLC framing
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This video is part 5 of an intro to networking tutorial: • Networking tutorial

[@yung9801]

You're the god of low-level stuff when I look for content to study CS. This is really helpful and well laid out. Thank you so much!!

[@LoopBooost]

What are the topics cs is learning about? I know its some codinh but what is the coding about for example?

[@nikaX2000]

@@LoopBooost cs is more abt programming than coding, which means rather than learning how to write instructions in computer languages, it is more about the algorithm. Like for eg basic stuff like steps to find if number is prime or not, and more complex like finding a name in phonebook containing millions of entry in seconds, then even more complex like that in encoding, decoding, reading/writing data, networking ps: i know its a bit late, but I always wanted some one to reply when I asked technical qs, so.. it is for me

[@TomerBenDavid]

Explained like magic. I think the fact he goes through a more of a let's try this umm we have a problem so let's to this like a historical development of networking with an amazing lecturer and diagram does the trick.

[@bennewman4627]

I've been in the technology industry for close to 10 years now and I thought I had a basic understanding of "Networking Concepts" until I watched this video course. Turns out I didn't really understand much of anything, so thank you very much Ben! This video course is by far the best basic intro to networking concepts that I've come across in my career!

[@ClaysonShawn]

Ethernet literally has its own little drum roll to announce itself.

[@Ma1ne2]

Just today I wrote an exam about network protocols in the car (CAN, MOST, FlexRay, LIN) and what their frames look like. I have to say (for once) the uni guys did a very good job explaining all this, but it was still so refreshing and helpful to see this live view you're presenting from an actual Ethernet connection. That gave me a whole other perspective of what these signals look like.

[@w7geek]

You are amazing. You seriously need to upload more videos.

[@slosh5411]

These are the most comprehensible networking video lessons, I'd ever saw. Thank you Ben! You are the great Teacher!

[@chitoiup]

For HDLC bit stuffing, what if I literally want to send 5 ones and a 0, followed by a one?

[@rtrusty91]

You would still stuff the 0, you'd have 11111001 and it would be read 1111101

[@jackhodgson]

For anyone who, like me, was confused about this bit-stuffing thing. I dug into it, and the idea seems to be that you add the 0 after EVERY occurrence of 5 1s. Not just in the middle of 6 1s. That way you can find them all and remove the added 0s, leaving the original runs intact. I think I have that right. (With the small exception of this bit-stuffing confusion I found these explanations to be remarkably clear and informative. Just like all the other Ben Eater stuff I've watched. Thanks!)

[@abdelrhmanahmed1378]

@@jackhodgson nice but what if in the original data we have 11111011 so we already have zero after 5 1s

[@cxiliapersono]

@@abdelrhmanahmed1378 111110011

[@melodyecho4156]

11111001

[@slusheewolf2143]

I want a turkey filled with bit stuffing for this Thanksgiving.

[@rahajune]

Brilliant teacher

[@pvc988]

What does the sniffer say about this packet size? It' over 9000!!! What? 9000!?

[@eb4416]

Go full Mambo Jumboooo!!!

[@Fwacer]

I started watching this series after hearing you talk about it on Ben Ben and Blue. I was very confused with the last video (when do you know where to start reading bytes) and watched it a few times before coming here.. d'oh! Love your stuff, originally found you from your breadboard PC, now just finished Ben Ben and Blue, and now watching this series!

[@RequiosWoW]

You know someone is a good teacher when you cant stop watching the next video in the playlist. Thanks for this

[@hakanyalcn6826]

i'm confusing that do we need to flag pattern(0111110) to delimit the data? but why we directly start DATA after the SFD without check the flag pattern at 5:07?

[@HeyUtsav]

The flag pattern (01111110) is only used in HDLC, the one you are asking about at 5:07 is for ethernet which has (10101011) as flag delimiter instead of using (01111110). (As far as I understand)

[@arijitbasu4397]

I have been following you videos for last 3 years. I found very much helpful, the way you describe a topic in dept ,hats off you your effort man. And I consider u as a masterpiece of digital electronics . Everyone should follow your approach. Bcz u explained sr latch theoretically as well as u showed it practically. ❤️❤️❤️❤️ Love from India ❤️

[@aaronbraun841]

I doubt this will be answered but... What if the 56 bit preamble is sent, and the clock is not synced and reads a 11 due to the unsynced clock. Won't it begin reading data?

[@anandartwork]

BTW what's that software you use for whiteboard? (Sketchbook? because I don't know how you scroll and keep the brush palette off the screen) On what OS is that? I'm curious as I am trying to make such nice videos too for some students.. Thanks in advance!

[@yasmeteora8508]

Thank you for these great video lesson, could you add the subtitle to this, I'm not English native speaker, so it's a bit hard for me.

[@paradoxicallyexcellent5138]

TCP receiver: I don't even see the bits anymore. All I see is blonde... brunette... redhead...

[@Olavotemrazaodenovo]

I'm brazilian and your videos are amazing. Congratulation.

[@cprashanthreddy]

Beautiful Explanation

[@brod515]

@4:48 but what if the actual data sent was already 01111101. if the zero after 5 ones is ignored. In this case we actual lose data. How can you determine whether a one was added to avoid six zeroes or if the 0 was actually part of the data. Does it add a zero to every consecutive 5 one bits.

[@vicr123]

Taking an educated guess, I think the sender might send 011111001? That way, only one of the zeros are ignored and the rest of the data can be decoded properly.

[@brod515]

@@vicr123 thanks for the reply. I figured it out but left the comment. It's kinda obvious now that I think about it.

[@BleedCubbieBlue]

Thanks for the great explanation Ben.

[@directx19]

OMG, amazing work. I searched so much for this kind of explanation. Thank you good sir for your amazing videos.

[@mattt2684]

Loving these low-level networking videos!

[@samueljimenez4754]

Thank you for all you do We appreciate it I've watched every single video more than once and can't stop watching them over and over again Make more videos please

[@benjaminschmidties9989]

Hello, i just have a simple question about bit stuffing. if there are 5 consecutive 1s then you said you put a 0 in to let the receiver know that this is not the beginning or end of the frame. but if i have to put a 0 in then the data doesnt match up to the data i was acc trying to send?

[@teakew8217]

The idea is that after _any_ five consecutive 1s, there will _always_ be a 0 to signal this is not a flag. The receiver sees that zero and removes it from the data it interprets. So if I want to send: 00101111 / 10110011 / 00101011 I actually send: 00101111 / 100110011 / 00101011 Note that the second byte is now nine bits long. As the receiver reads this, it says "ok, there are five 1s in a row, so now if I see a zero I will ignore it". This means it removes this 0, leaving: 00101111 / 10110011 / 00101011 Which is the data I wanted to send.

[@krgrief]

@@teakew8217 awesome, thank u for explaining!! the way ben explained it was a bit confusing lol

[@DonPauly]

One of the best video i have seen related to networking. Your ability to explain concepts in a clear and concise manner is amazing! Thank you Ben! Please upload more videos like this.

[@vadrif-draco]

KAKAKAKAKAKAKAKAKAKAKAKAKAKAKAKAKAKAKAKAKAKAKAKA

[@sumedhburbure4173]

I LOVE THIS CHANNEL!

[@GiveMeAnOKUsername]

How does it know that the bit stuffing isn't the literal value of the bits? Or how does it represent the data 011111010?

[@alimmi9]

See the above answer to Roberts question

[@kgopps]

Thank you Ben

[@dongxie4756]

Thanks. have one question. What's the HDLC for? for what kind of network? It sounds not like the preamble for the ethernet.

[@brusslee1814]

OMG THANK U FOR UPLOADING THANK YOU!!!!!!

[@_vaibhav]

What a beautiful explanation 😍. You are a nice teacher. Not from a technical background, but still could get everything. If you were my physics teacher in school, I would have taken engineering in university bro 😂

[@zero_cool02]

i'm reallllllly impressed by the quality of info you're giving in your videos, may god bless u , thank u so oooooo much

[@Nandblow]

Great !

[@power-max]

Bit stuffing, JUMBO frames... You got to love the names engineers come up with haha

[@keetor13]

best videos I've seen... and I've seen mamy

[@j055116]

It helps a lot, thank you for sharing!

[@enjibkk6850]

"I dont know if you noticed" I have been looking at that for the last 30 seconds not listening to the rest :P

[@Djzaamir]

These are Simply the best beginner friendly videos on networking on KZbin.

[@Digifan001]

I wonder how does a computer recieves information on the internet from multiple servers. Like for example I install a game from steam, while I watch a youtube video and recieve a message from friend on facebook. Eveything happening at the same time. How does the ethernet cable or the fiber optics sends all those bytes knowing where each one byte goes to. Is it the first frame 0111 1110 and then another frame that tells the computer this byte is from steam and then the computer stores it and analyzes the data different by the other 2nd frame 01111110 and frame that tells this byte is from youtube?What I'm trying to say is : Is the cable sending at the same time in parallel or is it sending one bye from yt , then one byte from facebook and then one byte from steam untill the recieving is complete. Also how would the computer's clock syncronize with all that parallel data being sent from different servers? Sorry if my question doesn't make sense.

[@miyukohai1470]

Super cool man

[@AS-wi6hr]

@ben (how do I tag Ben? 🤔 ) ... anyways ... Ben it would be awesome if you could turn the option for subtitles on :/ I guess KZbin will auto-generate one for you ... I use the captions as a note-taking aid (I just take a snapshot of the screen and the text) {instead of typing it separately as a note}

[@ashenisuranga2915]

I dont know what is your magic, but you sound so clear and every information hits deep into the brain. i guess some people are gifter with ability to teach. nice work man ❤👍

[@ajreukgjdi94]

What happens in Ethernet if somewhere in your data is a long string of an alternating 101010... 0attern ending in ...101011?

[@nabeelsherazi8860]

I love bit stuffing lol. It immediately seemed analogous to "escape characters" in strings for me.

[@Slartipartfast42]

Holy shit ! thanks for your work ! so awesome !

[@abdelrhmanahmed1378]

great as always , question tho where is the mac ,ip ,port, parts in the frams ? or the ethernet exclude those part out before sending them to the node

[@sadailali]

Because talking about framing only, assume Data portion as addresses etc. Remember each upper layer is considered as data to its lower layer.

[@niklashalonen9296]

The preamble is only 54 bits long...

[@abdelrhmanahmed1378]

can we just buffer the data to avoid the sync clock issues ?!

[@shrikantsen8228]

I need more videos in this playlist

[@pedromateus9575]

if 1 byte corresponds to a letter what if we're sending video or photo??what does the byte mean in the casE?

[@bernardoramirez1759]

Late and prolly dumb question but why the transitions have to be from positive to negative (and viceversa) voltage? Wouldn’t transitions from 0 (silence) to positive (and viceversa) make more sense?

[@markluetzner4604]

Awesome Ben! Thanks

[@homemade83]

the only one between those millions who talked about this topic so special thanks ❤❤

[@alexd9134]

This is next level teaching. The niveau absolutely blows my mind.

[@willowFFMPEG]

> niveau It's "level" in English :)

[@alexd9134]

@@willowFFMPEG lol how could that happen?

[@willowFFMPEG]

@@alexd9134 French and English tend to overlap a lot, and so sometimes we forget which words go with which language. It's a little like French is C and English is C++.

[@nithyavasudevan272]

Dear Sir, I have watched almost every of your videos. I kindly request you to build a series on internet connection on the custom hardware like the 8 bit computer or the 6502 computer. I am currently building a 32 bit computer with vga output and a usb keyboard, mouse input. I am also planing to build an OS for it. From your kind subscriber. Thank you for your kind support.

[@baconology3065]

Do you use a bigger frame when you trust the quality of the hardware on each end? Should you be matching hardware on either side? Do you need external clock synchronization when using larger frames? Short distances, or particular cable type (fibre?). Thank you.

[@nabeelsherazi8860]

The tradeoff between frame size (packing more data in vs recovering from errors faster) was such a huge lightbulb for me. I realized you were describing MTU and recognized the familiar 1500.

[@valjean1016]

why not bit stuffing cause new problem? Take this for ex, if i want to send a data seqeunce including 111110, then the reciever will ignore the "0" of that sequence, right? And it is not wanted.

[@Essutos]

You can stuff five ones after that '0' so that the program knows to 1) ignore them, 2) that it was bit stuffing '0' not a real '0'

[@_hazplants]

In some details, this is quite similar to the way our DNA is structured and processed. Great content for free, thank you!

[@PankajKumar-zr3tv]

best channel....love you man!

[@jamienewman1488]

Thanks very educational, what is the 500mv drop though before it picks back up again and then drops to 0?

[@garyheard9618]

Very nice presentations. I've used an oscilloscope for decades in troubleshooting office systems. Usually I would also display the rise and fall of the clocks as an external trigger to the scope, which would come from the NIC adapter, so I would know exactly when the clock triggers a 1 or a 0.

[@samirghedjati4024]

thank u so much, please more video

[@johnbruhling8018]

Are the byte orders flipped because of how data comes off the stack? (I enjoy your videos 💻)

[@BriggamMessinger-h5j]

I've been looking for some great material to get a better understanding of computer network fundamentals and these videos provide just that!

[@NonTwinBrothers]

"Preamble" haha

[@liewts1049]

The best illustration of an ethernet frame in the physical layer ever come across. Great job man. Could you also make a video on how the NIC logically synchronise itself to the incoming frame?

[@SUMIT-sy7qs]

Hi sir, I have a really tricky question that came up to me: if you take the picture roughly at 4:34, you explained that to avoid confusion with the pattern 01111110 which is not a frame delimiter the system must add a zero before the last 1 as 011111010. OK, I can perfectly understand this rule but my question is how do the system know that the sequence 011111010 is really the adaptation of 01111110 and not an original 011111010 aprt of the bit flow? The only solution I can see is that it should be no posiblility to uncounter the pattarn 011111010 by any combination done by using the ASCII code or whatever code is used to send the data. But wait, if you take the following series 01111101 (which is in ACSII the right closing brace) and then you invert before sending, it becomes 01111101. To this 01111101 series you add another one, for example the 01111000 (which is in ACSII the x) and then you invert before sending, it becomes 000111110. Then if you concatenate both the series, you obtain 0111110101111000 where you can find the 011111010 series which is apparently not the hidden 01111110 series!!!! Do you have a more explaination to better understand this ambiguity? Thank you.

[@teakew8217]

Any time you send five 1s, you insert an extra 0 immediately after them as padding. Any time the receiver reads five 1s, they ignore the 0 which immediately follows as padding.

[@SUMIT-sy7qs]

@@teakew8217 Thank you sir, but I already fully understood this. My question is : if I want to send an original 01111101 which is not at all a hidden 01111110 pattern but really a 01111101, How the sytem can detect that it is not a, hidden 01111110 but an original 01111101? That's my question.

[@teakew8217]

After _any_ five 1s, the transmitting system will insert a padding 0. So any time the receiver receives 111110, it knows that the zero is padding and will discard it. If you ask the system to send the string 1111101, what it will do is send the string 11111001. This can then be interpreted properly by the receiver.

[@SUMIT-sy7qs]

@@teakew8217 Waohh, super thanj you, everything is now understood. Thank you sio much sir:)

[@JulianSchimmelpfennig]

Ben you are one of the best teachers I've ever seen. Every time I ask myself hm what would happen if this and that changes you'll answer that 10 seconds later!

[@joelcordier6762]

💡💡💡 Ben ! Please, Teach, Teach and Teach again. You do that so well. Thank you. ✨✨✨

[@liamvg]

How did you know where the signal started for the 8 bit signal value? You started to define this on the 2nd segment on the scope, but there was a segment before that. How do you know it didn't start earlier or later?

[@Turjak_art]

when is 64 byte frame size, then after recieved this 64 bytes we put another flag? is that correct?

[@Sairuscz1]

Best MTU explanation I've seen. Now it clicked! Thanks, Ben.

[@Eren-vz5vb]

wasn't supposed to be a flag in the last part to start to read the data?

[@AriannaEuryaleMusic]

Thank you for making this so clear; what I didn´t quite get was: Why the signals are flipped over when making the conversion to decimal?

[@RenaudAlly]

Let me take a guess. Imagine a computer sends the bit string to another computer. The receiver will get those bits starting from the end of the bit string (right-most bit) uptil the start (left-most bit).

[@coolwinder]

You are the best. Exactly what I am interested in and that no one is looking at! Perfectly explained without any unnecessary content. Thanks!

[@B1NT0N]

Does "K" and "A" stand for Khan Academy ?

[@haroonsyedmohammed8430]

Wish my computer networks lecturer taught this way

[@khristianss]

Traduzcan los vídeos por favor

[@AhsanKhan-eb2zb]

You're legend

[@ezengondolkozom3700]

2:10 Got that joke

[@darthglowball]

I got it a bit. :p

[@goeiecool9999]

The ultimate "no pun intended"

[@kevinbenavides92]

Thank you so god damn much Ben.

[@LWD-Hidden-Links]

really helped me understand framing thanks

[@twerkingduck1275]

What if my data contained 96 consecutive zeros followed by 1010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101011? Does a NIC just know that a frame should always be 1500 bits?

[@keiyakins]

The 0s would be on transitions so there's no interframe gap.

[@anandartwork]

Great explanation and stunning demo as well! Thanks!

[@shuvajitmohanty5080]

plzz give some details about preamble...

[@ahmeterdogan7595]

Dude can u add CC all videos?

[@magiczerda3120]

I have to write this so there are 69 comments.

[@rushikeshpatil003]

My new khan academy ✌️

[@ammarchangwani9]

Still watching now ...

[@ColdFishMus]

who saw the title and thought its a tutorial for RPG games farming or something?

[@-rate6326]

No one

[@ideaparkcc]

Genius visulization

[@train4905]

Absolutely brilliant sir thanku

[@papo7936]

Perfect video.

[@nicknesler]

Are "frame size" and "packet size" synonymous?

[@-rate6326]

No

[@LaureanRay]

This deserve more views :(