भारत, एक भाषा संगम। How have Indian languages evolved? ft. Karthik Venkatesh

'कोस कोस पर बदले पानी, चार कोस पर वाणी, जो नहीं बदलती वो है हिंदुस्तानी।’ तो आइये करते है आज हिंदुस्तानी भाषाओं पर एक पुलियाबाज़ी। जिसमे बातें पाकिस्तान में बोली जाती एक द्रविड़ भाषा ब्राहुई से लेकर पूर्वोत्तर के बाजार की भाषा नगामीस तक। एक दूसरे के जैसी पर एक दुसरे से अलग, ऐसी भारतीय भाषाओं की कहानी संपादक और लेखक कार्तिक वेंकटेश के साथ।
This week, an evergreen Puliyabaazi on the diversity of Indian languages. Why do languages evolve the way they do? How did the many different languages and dialects of India evolve? What role did the British play in reviving some of these languages? Do languages die? What gets lost when we lose a language? Find some interesting answers to these fascinating questions in this conversation with editor and author, Karthik Venkatesh.
We discuss:
00:00 Introduction
06:30 How do languages evolve
17:55 Brahui-Clues to the language of Indus Valley Civilization
21:30 Oldest Indian Languages
22:50 How the British contributed to Indian languages
27:30 Linguistic survey of India
36:00 The interesting dynamics of Hindi and Urdu
41:15 Link languages
47:30 Do languages die?
Readings:
10 Indian Languages and How They Came to Be (amzn.in/d/hOWHegu)
Listen to related Puliyabaazi:
भारतीय भाषाओँ में हमारे अतीत के सुराग़. Clues to our past in Indian languages. (www.puliyabaazi.in/p/clues-to...)
हिंदी-उर्दू : इतिहास और राजनीतिकरण. Hindi Urdu Unity (www.puliyabaazi.in/p/hindi-ur...) .
एक देश, कईं भाषाएँ, एक लिपि। Many Languages, One Script (www.puliyabaazi.in/p/many-lan...)
If you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [e-mail]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.
Website: puliyabaazi.in
Hosts: @saurabhchandra ( / saurabhchandra ) @pranaykotas ( / pranaykotas ) @thescribblebee ( / thescribblebee )
Guest: @karthik_venk
Twitter: @puliyabaazi ( / puliyabaazi )
Instagram: / puliyabaazi
Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes (itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/p...) , Google Podcasts (www.google.com/podcasts?feed=...) , Castbox (www.castbox.fm/channel/Puliya...) , AudioBoom (audioboom.com/channel/puliyab...) , KZbin ( / @puliyabaazi ) , Spotify (open.spotify.com/show/5JVXED7...) or any other podcast app.
This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in (www.puliyabaazi.in?CTA_1)

[@PradeepAttri]

16:08 Venkatesh is right about the presence of 'ळ' sound is there in Punjabi and Haryanvi such as in Kala ( black) काळा. There are many words. Nala , pala ( fog), salary ( brother in law). It is there in Rajasthani and Gujrati as well.

[@gc95915]

ॐ अग्निमीळे पुरोहितं यज्ञस्य देवमृत्विजम् । होतारं रत्नधातमम् ॥ The last syllable of the first word of Rg Veda is a retroflex /L/. And, Rg Veda is the oldest text of all the scriptures. Retroflex consonants are present in Pashto, Baluchi and Brahui - the last being a Dravidian language. Retroflexion is an areal feature. It is important to get away from racist notions which prevent us from accepting Dravidian substratum of Indo-Aryan languages. Indo-Aryan languages are closer to Dravidian languages than they are to European languages on account of language shift and convergence - in terms of grammar, vocabulary and phonology. Avestan is a cousin of Vedic dialects whose phonology is very different from Sanskrit. It can be said that Sanskrit is an Indo-European language spoken with an Indian accent. Just like how Farsi spoken in India is different from Farsi spoken in Iran. And, we speak English with an Indian accent too. There’s historical continuity in all of this.

[@saanavi]

भाषाऐं अगर मरती नहीं है पर उनके कुछ अंग ज़रूर खो‌ जाते हैं। For example bitterness of a chilli in Hindi is कड़वा या कड़वी or तीखी। But in my native language it is चन्नी। In Dogri, lower portion of the city was described as खल, खल‌ चलना meant going to market area of Jammu by people living on the northern side of the city. Jammu has a street called पक्का‌ डंगा। Never knew the meaning of पक्का‌ डंगा. On investigation, found out that the earthen platform around a tree in Dogri is called डंगा। In Jammu, a tree had a डंगा and someone made it with bricks and mortar so the area got known as पक्का‌ डंगा. There must be many such words in other languages that have gone out of use Incidentally word Baniyan for बड़ वृक्ष in English became Baniyan tree as Banias, traders, used to do their business under बड़ वृक्ष। Loom of languages by Frederick Boomer is an interesting read about languages.