❄️BIKE CAMPER SURVIVAL WINTER OVERNIGHTER @ -21°C

✅Downloadable ENGLISH Plans to build your own 26KG "KreAIR" Ultralight Bike Camper, another Bikecamperbuild from myself: rene-kreher.de/krehair-bike-c...
✅Bike Engine: amzn.to/3gNC3u5
✅thermal infrared measuring device: amzn.to/3gKuqVa
✅Main Camera: amzn.to/3DJXN3Y
✅Insta360 Camera: amzn.to/3zC1MwM

[@kreherinternational6607]

✅Downloadable ENGLISH Plans to build your own 26KG "KreAIR" Ultralight Bike Camper, another Bikecamperbuild from myself: rene-kreher.de/krehair-bike-camper-plans/ ✅Bike Engine: amzn.to/3gNC3u5 ✅thermal infrared measuring device: amzn.to/3gKuqVa ✅Main Camera: amzn.to/3DJXN3Y ✅Insta360 Camera: amzn.to/3zC1MwM

[@ffeff8353]

Crazy adventure, interesting video... your English is very good!

[@douglascabatingan8332]

very nice

[@xena1449]

I like ur accent

[@kirkw1740]

Have you considered a fat tire bike for winter riding through snow? I find it much more stable and gives you better traction.

[@logainfalsedragon3587]

I was going to ask if you have plans available for like minded individuals and this pin answered it. Thank you for the opportunity ☺️☺️

[@arthurscott4467]

I heard you apologizing for your English . Never apologize for this ,your English is perfectly alright . Your articulation is better than a lot of people who were born to speak English. I really enjoyed your video. Keep up the good work,God Bless You.

[@AOOOOGA]

"Sorry for my bad English!" Proceeds to speak great, nuanced English.

[@cant0sit0still]

Sleeping place = campsites

[@cant0sit0still]

Heating towel = heating pad (if under you ) heating blanket( if over you)

[@mosespalemoon1656]

Speaking more than on language. I feel his struggle.

[@shawnmartin2131]

If he only knew how badly Americans butcher English...

[@Logic-101]

I was coming here to comment almost verbatim what you posted.

[@Leonardo-tj6up]

There’s nothing wrong with your English I understand perfectly well🤙

[@mariapiade-rozza6749]

Such a creative pictures from the sky.. In the Center there is you and it's surrender by the winter trees and everything around is white. I love you Aaron.. From a 70 years old Italian " nonna". A big hug from New Zealand

[@briana7604]

Makes you realize the earth is indeed round 🙉

[@edpardy461]

Hi from Newfoundland , Canada . Two things ; possibly bank the camper with snow on real cold nights for insulation . Secondly , have a large thermos that you can use for a hot water bottle , and for an immediate hot drink in the morning .

[@chrisbardell]

Thanks for this English version. What a great video. I love your scientific approach to optimising the camper. Huge fun film. Mehr, bitte!

[@drottle]

Don't apologize about your English, your English is great!

[@oooooooooooooooooooooooooo4910]

Looks fantastic, would love to give this a go -20 degrees though, that's another story I would layer those walls much thicker than that and cover any exposed aluminium, even just with tape, and make sure that any joins are extra sealed to not let the warmth out - without making it possible for you to suffocate obviously!

[@wombatone5577]

I am very impressed with your cold weather survival skills. Contrary to other beliefs, your lithium batteries appear to function well in extreme cold. Your heating system is perfect for small spaces. I love your enthusiasm! Cheers from sub tropical eastern Australia.

[@teslacoiler]

Lithium batteries cannot be CHARGED in freezing temperature but still performs quite well in holding the charge and can also being discharged without too much problems with currents no more than half the maximum current (1/3 to be safe)

[@aussieguy3689]

Totally agree mate he has a great set-up i would love his heater for my boat ! ✌️

[@annettefournier9655]

@@teslacoiler This is why I watch things that I know nothing about. I live where it is freezing 6 months of the year. This is problematic for electric cars where there is no heated area to store and charge them.

[@teslacoiler]

@@annettefournier9655 Driving the car with frozen cells isn't a real issue (initially you lose some power, but after few minutes the cells start to warm up... so is not so different from a standard internal combustion engine vehicle). Charging the battery when the cells are frozen is a totally different story.... this is why many electric cars implement battery heaters (used to warm up the cells prior to start the charging process). If you have a car equipped with battery heaters you will be ok (just remember that heaters require a lot of power, the real usable range will be half and of course you have to forgot the ultrafast charge).

[@questioner1596]

When he had the interior heated to 20°C, it meant the battery was not cold.

[@NelsonClick]

The red light may seem like a simple detail but I feel it may be key in a successful camp in a bike trailer. It gives a psychological effect that helps you from feeling cramped a box. Easy on the eyes and keeps you oriented. Good instinct.

[@OoavastoO]

Also, it doesn't compromise your night vision, should you have to answer nature's call at 3:00 am for example. 😉

[@durby24]

I agree but I’d do something like blue or purple that way it’s a softer light but it’s probably to each their own.

[@eekee6034]

I was thinking I'd fit changeable-color LEDs so I could find what was best for me, but that is a good point about night vision.

[@devinb5937]

That’s not true at all

[@kaydencebernard7775]

Me being red green colourblind: Huh never noticed

[@normg2242]

The "heating towel" is called "electric blanket" in English ☺ War'n schönes Video! Daumen hoch!

[@tostada9185]

I'm glad to see you using a decent and pretty reliable looking carbon monoxide detector! I don't understand why some people completely ignore carbon dioxide as a threat. Not only when they're camping, or using gas/propane. But in their homes as well. Good to see you're staying safe, and warm. Keep the videos coming man, great job!!!

[@pavel9652]

What kind of gas is used in camping? Is it a propane/butane mixture? Carbon monoxide is lethal, carbon dioxide is much more forgiving. I think the concentration where it starts causing the problems is a few percent by volume, 12% and more leads to unconsciousness and can be lethal.

[@patricialongo5746]

I open a window to cook, and then I heat a heavy stock pot with a nearly completely sealed lid, full of water, to almost boiling, and put it under the bed, and turn the flame off. It lasts several hours, at least. Safe heat.

[@patricialongo5746]

@@pavel9652 you open a window or two and use propane in winter.

[@briangingras5886]

In the US we use Fahrenheit for temperatures and I was looking up the conversion of what you had and it was -6 Fahrenheit outside it's very cold 68 Inside that's great how nice cozy little experience and not bad one gas canister last you for 34-hour

[@MG-un6tc]

Been binge watching van life living and so your channel appeared in the list of KZbin's recommendation. I must say that your camper is cute, light and functional you can stretch your body comfortably. Greetings from the Philippines!

[@j-fm.4388]

Haha seym kaka nood ng car camping at van life 😂🤦‍♂️✨

[@sabotage151]

This is the best thing I have ever seen in my life. I am dreaming this idea for many years now to get the homeless citizens moving. I think mobility would make life better for them and us!

[@skibidikoshtantan]

Amazing!! This is the first time I've seen this!! A bike camper!! 😳

[@thomashughes_teh]

This video was informative. I am grateful to you for investigating the rate of consumption of the bottled gas. I am considering building a trailer for my habitat for an extended nomadic slow travel and camping lifestyle in the USA once some current responsibilities for me have passed. Fortunately the southern USA remains generally warm by comparison.

[@melvinpervis6678]

This gentleman is beyond crazy with a bicycle in the snow

[@auggie803]

-U think That's crazy? Just wait till he picks up a hitchhiker & has the guy get into that camper.

[@adv_rider]

Love the "Long vehicle" sticker, so funny. Nice camper by the way.

[@SamSung-jv3jm]

This is really awesome! Wish I had something like this when I was homeless in Portland, OR USA during winter time. Of course there you also have to shield yourself from wind gusts of 20-30mph in addition to the general coldness.

[@jenniferstewarts4851]

heating "blankets" are fine, for use, they can often heat you for half or the full night depending on the model. you can get 12v -45 watt blankets, that will keep you warm for hours. Secret to using them i find is layers. normal "under sheet, base sheet, electric blanket , then a comforter or opened sleeping bag over it. the reason being, electric blankets radiate heat in both directions. Sleeping on the wires isn't always comfortable and can damage them... so having it over you with the heat being trapped in by a comfortor or sleeping blanket nd you stay toasty, even im -40 temps.

[@goku445]

This must be very energy efficient too when you have a well isolated sleeping bag.

[@jenniferstewarts4851]

@@goku445 energy efficiency doesn't actually change, since blankets are not "normally" thermostat based. but it does let you run it at the lowest setting. That being said, there are "some" that have a fixed on switch, where by if the power goes out, and turns back on, they will turn back on. This WOULD allow an extension cord thermostat to be used. by putting the stat inside the bag, setting the blanket to a comfortable temp. the system SHOULD shut off when the bag reaches the desired temp.... and turn back on when it drops below that. Maximizing battery life, keeping you safe and warm all night long.

[@tommurphy4307]

they make electric pads designed to lay upon and they are smooth and extremely efficient. the better quality pads use braided wiring and are far more rugged but cost considerably more. you can make a nickel/metal battery bank that is safer to handle and recharge, as well.

[@jenniferstewarts4851]

@@tommurphy4307 Yep i know, i just don't like the heated sleeping pads personally. Its hard to explain but sleeping on a heated surface, i find leads to uncomfortable sleeps. If i start to overheat, i can't "get away" from the heat... but with blanket and sheets, i will find myself sticking a foot out at night to cool off then pulling the foot back in. LOL. As to batteries, yeah, there are tons of options you can use, weight you can use deep cycle marine batteries, normal car batteries, etc. It depends on how much weight you want to carry, how much energy storage you need, and such. you can even "make your own" power banks. You COULD get like a 40ah battery, pretty cheep, but its only good for about 300 cycles or about a year of constant use, though that might be all you need, however thats like 25 pounds... you might want 6 of them for a night, adn that a LOT of weight in batteries to be pulling around. You could get a 100 ah Lead carbon battery, thats 68 pounds though. but lither then lead acid. 12V 300Ah LiFePO4 battery will last the longest, but might still weigh in at 76 lbs... again a lot of weight to lug... on the flip side some poeple can custom make powerpacks that are lighter, around 40 pounds for 150ah. which is getting much better for something small like a bike camper.

[@omarsmusic4316]

Honestly I am impressed with your English! Most Germans that I have met actually speak English very well!

[@kathyfann]

I can understand every word and I am from California you have nothing to apologize for and it’s not bad English it’s great

[@ExileTheKnightsOfMaltaNow]

Really cool man... we are Kindred Souls... I built my own electric bicycle drawn 4 wheel farm wagon framed camper... Which is my go-to choice over my van and motorcycle... I improvised a Class 1 ball hitch on the back of my bicycle on a wooden box zip-tied on to the rear of the frame of my cargo bicycle... There is a video on my KZbin channel... It's not a high-tech build but I'm quite happy with the results for the money spent about $700 in total for the project... sorry to say I haven't done much camping as of yet, but as a utilitarian vehicle, for shopping trips it's been quite handy, and gets the equivalent of 1500 miles per gallon... also provides an enclosed area to escape from the elements and to do some reclined stretching activities, or take a nap... your calculated and measured approach to things is very impressive... and you've given me some good ideas for future improvements... Subbed and look forward to your future content

[@matrixknight2191]

I came across this channel in April when i was down with corona for 2 weeks. I watched your video everytime before i went to sleep . It somehow helped me a lot in relieving my anxiety. Just want to say thanks from India 🇮🇳

[@Wonderhussy]

Wow!! You looked so cozy in the trailer... Hope you had a bottle to pee in so you didn't have to get out in the cold night to go!

[@joesweeney5197]

😃

[@bertiewooster3326]

Hole cut in floor

[@jospehjack]

If it was a public park in Germany, would have 2 WC inside the park at least. Of course they cost money lol.

[@LuckysMotorcycles]

Hello Wonder Hussy ! I never miss your Wednesday post. But am worried about you moving to Death Valley ! Love ya, from my KZbin channel “Beach Walk and a Joke “

[@tommurphy4307]

depends.....

[@fatboyshadetree5139]

American here to say you speak better english than most people from other countries that have moved here and live here full time. Keep up the great videos. I love that you took the trailer to show you can actually use it. But maybe safer in your backyard? Ha!

[@parryhotter4283]

actually most Germans have a pretty decent understanding of english because its a Pflichtfach in all schools (you cant choose if you want to learn it or not, you have to). So if you ever go to Germany, dont try to talk shit about people in english because they can probably understand you

[@alexandermandache1628]

Yes more content for the English channel, tysm

[@justinhobart8747]

When I was a young boy, I wrapped a old electrical extension cord with the ends cut off around the back wheel and Tire of my bicycle through the spokes... It seemed to give me better traction in the snow, like tire chains for a bicycle... Now either it seems like it did or it actually did but I was a young kid so I never thought about it twice until this video. I do remember ripping it across town after a snowstorm on my 20-inch bike, but I was a crazy kid then I would do anything right LOL

[@caidyc]

“Yeah. I like zie red lights” You are adorable.

[@jaro324]

Jesteś mega pozytywnym facetem 👍😊

[@88WhiteRhino]

I am interested in the ducting and computer fan build plans. That is a very cool heating idea but a chimney like that is ideal.

[@cryptfire3158]

i'd love to watch a long video of doing that ultra wide angle lenze making him look like he's riding on a tiny world. Quite trippy.

[@traflhow9294]

Dein Englisch is so süß, einfach putzig

[@better.better]

you should be using the studded tires at a lower tire pressure. I would switch to a Fat Bike for a winter excursion like this and if you can, get fat bike wheels for the trailer too. I highly recommend tires from 45Nrth, if they ship there, they produce them in seasonal runs though, so plan to get them just prior to the winter season starts in North America (November) to try and catch them as soon as they get them in.

[@tommurphy4307]

or just use some cheap schwalbe tires, pound some tacks thru them, and cut at the appropriate height. old metal window blind blades make great tube guards or they could be made with split tubing. way cheaper.

[@moeshickenyay]

I’ve done.40 tent camping, as long as you have a good bag it’s not a problem, cool funky video, neat bike camper., may be how we are all living in the near future.

[@AtikAilesi]

Good job ✌🏻

[@smokey_9447]

I respect anyone who try’s to speak English

[@nancystimans2556]

Love your camper!! Very good ideas,inside! I could definitely see myself ,enjoying this ideal journey...

[@cynthiajohns0n442]

My dream camper! Love biking? ✔ Love camping? ✔ Love biking & camping alone? ✔ So cool! Thank you for sharing 😁

[@docink6175]

Okay I don't do cold but that looks awesome. I would add more of that reflective insulation on the walls and even the floor if you're going to be doing much more cold camping. Of course that also works well to help keep out heat in the summertime

[@joaniemckinney970]

Wow! I watched this video because I was wondering how well these bike campers do in the cold! What great information!!! Also, your English is fantastic! Thank you for such a great informational video! I am from America, but having been brought up by my very British Granny, morning tea is a must! I felt so bad about your water freezing!!! 🥶 I understand about not wanting to sleep with the gas on, but perhaps you could keep a bottle of water under your heating blanket with you in the night so you could at least have a nice warm cuppa to start your day! Best of luck and great job!!!

[@apocsurvival916]

I love sleeping in the cold, I usually do this in a tent. I also love research and development and learning about the boundaries of what can be done. Nice work on the camper and heater. Keep going and I think you will get a lot of American subscribers!!!

[@kiltedsaint]

Your English is better than people I know who can only speak English.

[@user-hu1kn3ro4u]

You deserve all the awards, artist

[@markusmuff3604]

Super Video 👍💪Ich bin begeistert was es alles für das Fahrrad an Zubehör gib. Bitte mehr solche Videos. Freundliche Grüsse aus der Schweiz.

[@Danie-yb4bs]

Ist ja echt praktisch für unterwegs 👍

[@cuteone1702]

That fisheye drone view was amazing.

[@evanr648]

Another great video and upgrade! Looks just like winters where I am, cheers from Canada eh! 👍

[@kimlatham4552]

That little camper is amazing!

[@Pitxurriki]

Man, I love the Synthwave song in the first minutes of video!

[@adrianbanks4487]

Greetings from Sydney Australia, I subscribed to your channel. The bike camper you build is fantastic. To maintain 20 degrees when it is minus 17 outside is incredible

[@palaciospalacios8036]

Hey buddy, American here. Great videos, great content, great bike and camper setup, and great English. Keep up the great work.

[@geoffmclain2206]

Nice! Some people seek out COMFORT, other people seek out ADVENTURE!!!!

[@bonilla2022]

Ausgezeichnetes Video. Behalte uns die tolle Arbeit. Fröhliche Wege.

[@altaloma7789]

Well done! Very well thought through. I like the small area to stow your shoes. I have the same problem with the aluminum pieces getting very cold. My insulation is different. I use 25mm styrene foam on all walls, ceiling and under the floor, with vapor barriers on both sides, then covered with glued flannel on the inside. The outside of my trailers is covered in thin aluminum skins, 0,25mm on the walls and 0,6mm. I tried putting wood over the exposed aluminum structure but it didn't seem to make much difference in condensation overnight. Great job, with good testing.

[@MONK-7]

Hello again from Belfast 🇮🇪 Thanks for the new video. Du bist eine inspiration für uns alle. 👍😊✌️

[@jennymunday7913]

Your English is perfectly fine :) Much respect for knowing more than one language!

[@cesarts283]

The music you chose for your show fits right in !!

[@adammelvin4753]

This looks like a lot fun! Great video

[@FJ80Coop]

Adding some high density foam or spray foam insulation between the outer wall and inner insulation and wool would increase the insulation factor greatly and make that thing cozy with only that little heater...

[@danw918]

That was just fantastic mate. You're a really inspiring fellow! Thankyou

[@-fuk57]

Red light is very calming at night. That's a nice touch.

[@shoechew]

I really like the vented heater. It is a very nice trailer.

[@ED3]

Loved the video. Hope you will do more English videos. Your English is great. Thanks for sharing your adventures with us.

[@mariapiade-rozza6749]

I really like the beautiful sounds OF CAMPANE..in Italian Bells in Inglish... It remember me of Sunday to go to the church... I love what you are doing and thanks 💖. No more Birkenstock.. With the snow is not convenient,... A big hug from New Zealand

[@cesarts283]

This is the classiest bike camper i've seen yet !!

[@bemek01]

Great video as always ! Just a pleasure to watch ! Keep it up with this amazing Content René! 👏

[@kreherinternational6607]

☺️❤️

[@kristenf8065]

This is one of the coolest things I’ve ever seen. I’m truly impressed with your innovation & cold weather skills! Glad you stayed warm! I’ve subscribed, just bc of this video! Keep up the great work! Also- the overhead fish-eye lens photo-views were a really cool touch. 🙂

[@cgreenfield6655]

That little camper is awesome!

[@PeaceChanel]

Peace.. Shalom.. Salam.. Namaste and Thank You for All that you are doing for World Peace.. 🙏🏻 😊 🌈 ✌ 🌷 ☮️ ❤️

[@ogmakefirefiregood]

This is a dream of mine to do. Love how prepared you are. Minimal living in modern times.

[@goku445]

The amount of high tech equipments he used tho. ;)

[@lazyplumber1616]

That's extreme camping!

[@jeffstpete]

Looks very warm and comfy!

[@Convolutedtubules]

I love your camper design and I just know that I HAVE to build one for myself. I already converted my bike to electric for that purpose!

[@Convolutedtubules]

Also, great investment! Thermal camera is very nice the way it shows you the exact points of heat loss and how well the insulation performs.

[@deandoe7813]

I too am getting a kit fr this

[@FloridaYalta]

You are hero!!!

[@herbdean9244]

uhhhhh whwat????

[@jimmyrodasmolestina979]

Really ??? The guy could have died alive

[@benefroeh]

@@jimmyrodasmolestina979 no

[@rodneybrocke]

From the U.S.A.: Looks like you had a fun adventure. Thanks for uploading!

[@tomlachmann39]

Cool! Literally!

[@dump573]

You haven't updated your videos for a long time, and I thought you had quit updating your videos. I'm so glad you're uploading new videos! It's snowing really hard there, isn't it? Have a safe trip.

[@The0Lightning0]

he has a lot of Videos for the future :) be shure to see them, they are awesome :)

[@doricduncan1]

Like your set up and enjoyed the severe cold test sleepover in the woods-20c. Your DIY stove with exhaust and circulation fan is effective and safe. Have you a video showing this stove heater. I'd like to make one too. Thanks.

[@camthebam10]

The 80s music near the start of the video is banging

[@kevinbecerson1546]

Thank you for a fun time.

[@markdove5930]

I survived several winter days without heating putting a sheet of gardening plastic between two blankets and covering myself completely.

[@nonombre5409]

I like this video because I have never seen snow and the coldest temperature I have experienced was 30 degree. I was born in Kingston,Jamaica and moved to Miami Florida when I was ten. I have been in Miami for 52 years. It is hard to camp in Miami even at night because the out side temps is usually around 91 to 85.

[@gonzo3954]

I'm up in the Tampa Bay area so i get what you're saying about the heat. But I've been in negative cold and snow over 4 ft deep...I'll take the heat any day! Good day, my friend!

[@MarkousMajorSurf]

Love this!!!👍😁🌟

[@gawlikcreations6956]

New video! I love your bike camper!

[@nomad90125]

Remove the wheel rain guards in deep snow, they will cause much resistance in snow. 👍

[@Jonathan-rm6kt]

I live in Southern CA and for some reason love this content. Please keep the experiments coming! Ps- soundtrack was bomb Also one other thought-how hard would it be to put the heating elements external to the camper so you don't have to worry about c0?

[@SindyJ37]

Your English is adorable!

[@NeillWylie]

that 20c is amazing!! What a fun video! A well deserved thumbs up.

[@ericaaguero1849]

Holaaaa desde Argentina holaaa que buenos videos amigo muy buenas las tomas la calidad la musica es genial 😄

[@travelingmindful]

Dude this editing is absolutely great. What cam are you using to capture while you're riding? Inspiring! Awesome camper!

[@tonetone8980]

Really glad I found this channel.

[@jessefleming1421]

Cool setup man! Thanks for the video !

[@Raku777]

Thanks for sharing. The mini-fan stove heater is wonderful. I like how you also had a carbon monoxide detector to validate your experiment. I wonder if just a little more insulation, like another layer or two of cloroplast panels would have helped slow down the heat loss significantly and still kept your bike camper light weight.

[@pavel9652]

Insulation would have to be as thick as the aluminium profiles plus a layer to cover the profiles themselves I think. The weather was frigid, however, so it would not help much once the heating is gone.

[@Raku777]

@@pavel9652 Thanks for sharing your thoughts about this. It does seem that once the heating is gone that it would get cold very fast. I am still wondering what the sweet spot would be, though, between the thickness of the insulation, the rate of heat loss, and how much one can generate with the mini-fan stove heater. As an experiment, I would be curious how much help one layer of Reflectix Insulation would give, and perhaps, as a second experiment, two layers of Reflectix (the second experiment would add about a 1/2 inch thickness).

[@pavel9652]

​@@Raku777 The thicker the better, but it is very spacious inside! ;) I would put the thickness of the aluminium profile + thinner layer to screen aluminium. The walls would look more solid and smooth. He said he likes winter camping, so it would make sense to insulate it. Perhaps some thicker cover for the windows. To me it looks almost like it is too spacious inside and I would opt for a thicker walls. Perhaps he wants to get more light? The walls are illuminated with the sun light.

[@MintChoco612]

Hello~ I've been amazed by your video since last year. I live in Seoul, South Korea and live in an apartment, but after watching your bike trailer video, I have a dream of making a bicycle trailer similar to you someday. And I hope your video will always be uploaded a lot. Take care of your health~ :)

[@michanton]

He also has a german channel if you are fine with the german comments

[@kreherinternational6607]

❤️

[@hootsmcgee7896]

i too like the red lights, very atmospheric :)

[@crimsonshade8125]

You speak more clear then people from Dallas, Texas.

[@txgunguy2766]

In the US your "heating towel" is known as an "electric blanket". They are a good thing to have.

[@SVMSICE]

Whatever, I live in the U.S. and everyone I know calls them heating towels 🤦🏻‍♂️ 😆 😂 😝 Warning ⚠️ whacking off under an electrical heating towel could result in electrical ⚡️ shock and death ☠️. BEWARE 🤣

[@txgunguy2766]

@@SVMSICE If you live in the US I gotta wonder where. I have never heard them being called "heating towels". Even the box they come in says "electric blanket". The smaller, pillow size ones are "heating pads".

[@SVMSICE]

@@txgunguy2766 🤣 sorry, I was just joking 🙃 I do find it weird though, that they call them heated towels over there. I’m pretty sure they don’t call regular blankets, “Towels”.

[@greying_geezer4131]

@IcePike & @txgunguy I think the issue here is that the author is stretching to translate the German term. My visual is a heating pad, but I’m really curious about the voltage and wattage. Are these 12V, North American 120V, or European 220V? (Or even U.K. 240V?)