Black Projects of The Nazis | Full Documentary

[@FoundAndExplained]

Why does this video exist? Well after doing this for four years, believe it or not there is a ton of videos out there. Plus turns out that a lot of you have requested that I put them into compilations - and not playlists. So here is everything up till now on the Nazis. Thanks for watching :) Obviously some of you might be like "hey this is lazy" but I promise this hasn't taken up a slot of weekly content.

[@gabrielb9010]

Is it true that there's Found and Explained on IMDb?

[@DaCostaRica48]

can you do cars and weapons and buildings and just vehicles in general like trams and that maybe even armour and history all of this stuff matches your channel name

[@LunaryxDiarmait]

Nothing wrong with making compilation videos of previous content.

[@RidinDirtyRollinBurnouts]

Critics will call it lazy, I call it a very convenient and accessible way to watch an entire category of your content. Ive been following this channel back when it had 100k subs. Love the content and your team's hard work 💪

[@williamzk9083]

-Stunning detail on the Silbervoegel (Sanger Silver Bird). I suspect the alloy used may be Bohler's Cromadur an alloy of Chromium, Manganese, Nickel and about 70% iron used in BMW jet engines such as the BMW 003 and turbo charged engines such as the BMW 801TJ. -Post war analysis showed that some aerothermal load calculations were unduly optimistic but this problem would have been solved with blunter leading edges or graphite/ceramic heat shielding of the kind used on the V2 nose and exhaust deflector fins. -Being an aircraft this was highly testable in a practical way: 1 Wind tunnel models could be tested both subsonically and hypersonically at the Volkenrod Supersonic wind tunnels. 2 Towed full or half scale models could be flight tested 3 Since the Silver Bird was to be launched from mono rail skid it could be tested first as a subsonic glider with speed and finally rocket motors added to verify low speed handling and landing leading before preceding to subsonic flight, supersonic flight and then hyper sonic flight.

[@andrejmedvec6104]

That train is propably where idea of Snowpiercer came from

[@JonathanDiaz-ez7xd]

My thoughts exactly

[@taluca8474]

@@JonathanDiaz-ez7xd when I showed this around, one person thought the train was a concentration camp idea because of what happened in Snowpiercer. Can't blame them for the assumption

[@djstobbe1301]

Yes even the depiction is very similar good show

[@karlkoskie2891]

"What if train, but big" is hardly a revolutionary idea. Ive had similar ideas as a child, long before i knew of nazis and their mega projects

[@andrejmedvec6104]

@@karlkoskie2891 I know, but I still have that feeling that that was the inspiration. I had ideas of train carrier, either for planes or helicopters. I even started to build LEGO model of it on PC

[@oZajac22]

Not sure if I'm the only one but I got multiple issues with sound (for example 49:35, 50:40).

[@Wanderfalk.]

I got that to

[@happychappy492]

Yep it gets really bad

[@austinhughes1924]

I’m experiencing the same thing.

[@Bartoshec]

Yeah, quality in those frames is shocking

[@rosskennedy-hi2gi]

same here. It made it unwatchable

[@samuelstanton8944]

You need to make a video about the secret weapons of the Luftwaffe, like the X 4 missiles, Hs 293, Fritz X, V 1, and V 2.

[@ThatcrazyAK]

Ikr…

[@williamzk9083]

There is plenty out there. The take on the Silbervoegel (Silver-bird) is awesome and unique.

[@Hunter_Nebid]

Because there aren't any of those available, right?

[@Sorrowablaze]

Like the old video game " Secret Weapons of the Luftwaffe"? I remember it being a fun combat flight simulator

[@noelhalwick1568]

🤔 buuut none of those were very secret

[@DuneRunnerEnterprises]

There's a sound stagger in the part about UFO, Please check!!!

[@Ben-dk9ef]

The video corruption gets worse as the video progresses, I want to finish it when fixed...

[@Slepnair]

It's because "they" want to discredit the theories he's speaking of. Lmao. Not really, but it was a fun thought.

[@Ratmonger4500]

yea idk why i thought it might have just been me

[@brandonchild422]

You missed the best part about the Do 335, when they were restoring it, they brought in some of the original design and engineer team from the project. They found that the explosive bolts used to separate the tail fins when the pilot ejected not only were still installed, but they were armed and were still in working order.

[@williamfritzsch4750]

What’s up with the sound? There are a ton of like sound blips, especially in the UFO episode. It makes it hard to watch at times.

[@Jagdtyger2A]

I hate it when people say Northrop was "inspired" by the Horton's work. That is a lie, Jack Northrop was working with flying wings at the same time and totally independently

[@BURDYMAN777]

He was though..

[@Bob_1760]

​@BURDYMAN777 No, he wasn't, flying wing concepts/prototypes have been around since the 1910's and northrop himself had both powered and un-powered flying wings by 1940

[@ArviPontsa]

@@Bob_1760 right so

[@FemboyLegendGD]

Northrop's designs were just so ass im ngl

[@ImpecuniousMax]

“Luftwaffle” - It’s a flying waffle! Majestic _and_ delicious.

[@LoKi-oc8ks]

I'd try a luftwaffle. It also would be a great tongue in cheek name for breakfast restaurant in Germany.

[@ImpecuniousMax]

Or indeed Waffle SS. No, wait. Scratch that one.

[@LoKi-oc8ks]

@ImpecuniousMax WaffleSS would also be a great name. The waiters would come to your table "VE DEMAND YOUR ORDER" "VERE ARE YOU HIDING THE SYRUP"

[@classesanytime]

@@LoKi-oc8ks In Europe we don't eat waffles at breakfast but rather for lunch or as a snack between lunch and dinner to keep us in shape!

[@tomarmadiyer2698]

When you throw your stroop waffle like a friabee

[@chrisrichardson5023]

Nothing 'bonkers' about an interconnected railway system

[@beeenn649]

Putting a full swimming pool on a train and taking it down the tracks at 150 MPH is a good idea? What happens if you have to stop or come up on a curve? lol

[@Wustenfuchs109]

@@beeenn649 You do realize we have moving vehicles with pools on them? It is not about the speed but the rate of acceleration/deceleration. If that train took its time accelerating (which it could - given that its stations were hundreds of kilometers apart) it would not be an issue. Same with curves. There would be next to curves on its tracks, it was planned to go mostly straight between stations. A pool in that train was the LEAST of its problems, but it seems you are really sticking to that pool thing, huh?

[@aurorajones8481]

There are so many hiccups in your audio i have to think this was purposely messed with.

[@aurorajones8481]

🤬

[@ViracochaFI]

UFO episode was certainly edited.

[@danielhayes3607]

BOO! Works sometimes

[@zackden8241]

Shhhh I’m trying to sleep

[@iwuvu5940]

glowie interfered

[@LunaryxDiarmait]

Not sure why, but at 31:30, it sounding like you're saying Luft waffle is just hilarious.

[@miscme6046]

i was just at that bit and i think its intentional. he has the bird with a waffle in his talons but flame me if i am wrong.

[@Cherno-Tekknobyl]

He said it pn purpose. And luft waffle is btw. A company in breaking bad!

[@Wotan874]

according to the picture shown there it was on purpose

[@AbbaBabba-kx6id]

Luftwaffe

[@deneth1923]

thanks for the video dude, love watching these while i work.

[@briandstephmoore4910]

My one criticism of this is the sound mixing atleast for me is really buggy and cuts out/ repeats its self

[@Thewayofgrass35]

Yes! Finally a compilation of the stealthiest vehicles ever, especially the Ratte!

[@morthim]

the froge is far stealthier. haven't heard of it? proof of the effectiveness of the stealth.

[@SpaceCowboy-u7j]

This exposé on the dark side of naziism is refreshing. Most documentaries about the nazis are very favorable to them.

[@SaveAllTheWolves]

The Horten brothers were the first to develop the flying wing concept. Reimar and Walter Horten conceived and created the first jet-powered flying wing, the Horten Ho 229, during World War II. Their innovative designs and prototypes were the foundation for future engineers in developing similar aircraft, including stealth bombers like the Northrop Grumman B-2. Northrop played a significant role in advancing flying wing technology after the Hortons with its own flying wing aircraft, the Northrop YB-49 and later the B-2 Spirit bomber. While Northrop’s designs were separate from those of the Horten brothers, both entities contributed to the evolution of flying wing aircraft. And while both the Horten brothers and Northrop made substantial contributions to flying wing technology, it was the Hortens who first developed the concept with their pioneering work on their Horten Ho 229 during World War II.

[@davidaubertin5741]

When I was in Deuchland, I used to ride on the "schnellzug". In Germany people ride trains everywhere. It would stop at all these little towns, but the schnellzug would only stop at hubs.

[@AbbaBabba-kx6id]

Deutschland

[@X865]

I'm not watching any more of this. I think it's a great idea to have this massive compilation, but after almost 10 video and audio glitches in the UFO section alone, I'm done with this one.

[@kevinpecunia2432]

Great writing, excellent narration, awesome graphics. Always a home run!

[@fajareraim6136]

What is actually happening? Lots of these channels suddenly stack all of their videos simultaneously????

[@nightlurker]

Interesting video. Pity about the audio problems, especially with the UFO section, it ruined the presentation.

[@martinda7446]

What I learnt from this... Broad gauge railway - 1.4mm George Stepson..

[@michaeltelson9798]

With the Maus, the Ratte was impractical, because there wasn’t a bridge strong enough to allow to cross a river. The Maus was developing a method of a snorkel system to cross rivers with the crew outside of the vehicle by a wire guided system.

[@aAPCwhitwificonnection]

If I had a penny for every time the nazis made a over the top over engineered hunk of steel solely made because someone had a big ego I could finance my own over the top wunderwaffe

[@RobertBoereboom]

Ironic a Nazi got us to the moon

[@aAPCwhitwificonnection]

@@RobertBoereboom wolfenstein be like

[@TheCrazyMoparDude68]

@@RobertBoereboomnot by himself. He only helped develop the rockets, he had nothing to do with the guidance systems, the orbiter, the lander, the space suits and life support, the technology needed to fly the lander, the heat shields for reentry, any of the computer systems, or the math to actually get to the moon. All of those things were developed and made by US scientists and engineers. I am so tired of idiots repeating the lie that Von Braun is the reason we got to the moon. All he did was develop the launch vehicle which was the easiest part of the moon missions. If we would have followed his ideas and designs for the moon landing, we would never have gotten there. He wanted a single stage vehicle that would go to the moon, land, and then take off again to return to Earth. At that time, his “plans” were nothing but dreams. He really didn’t know much about what space travel would entail. The US had several other engineers and scientists that would have figured out the launch vehicle. The only thing Von Braun should be remembered for is a Nazi that avoided being prosecuted for developing weapons that killed thousands of innocent people by surrendering to the US. What the US did with operation paper clip was disgusting and let a lot of guilty people get away with helping an evil man kill hundreds of thousands of people.

[@Martin-zg7hx]

@@aAPCwhitwificonnection Nazis did it, deal with it.

[@michaelbruns449]

Anything thats built to be luxurious and futuristic and awe inspiring, with anti aircraft guns, will never be, or never last very long, constantly threatened from above.

[@reginaldmcnab3265]

22:25 it was not intended to operate alone it would have had support from the air ground like a aircraft carrier .

[@absiddique139]

Make one about Nazi Sun Gun or Soviet N1 Rocket.

[@miguelcastaneda7257]

There was also an air gun fired a blast of air ..recall there was acrcive video of a gi fireing it at a target and knocking it down.....though imagine there were other weapons or technology destroyed by ignorant g.i. not having any Idea what they were...alot of German uranium was scattered

[@aGothpancake]

"Coogle Waffle" is a great name for a DND character.

[@bradleyrobinson8095]

Nice, a F&E video I can fall asleep to because it’s so long. I don’t have to fear the video ending before I fall asleep anymore

[@williamzk9083]

I fast forward to the parts that interest me most. The section on the Sanger Silver Bird is the best on KZbin by far. Technically detailed and accurate.. some of the Sixers I will watch while I’m cutting up vegetables and meat for my stew. The length is absolutely no problem.

[@Trrenik0kb]

definitely but i ad a few puffs of indica for even more relaxation. haha

[@MrCarnivoure]

I wonder how they would approach to fix issues with broken suspension, etc, on Ratte tank

[@tomasharris3883]

would have liked to have viewed this to the end, however, got fed up with the audio interruptions and dropped the video. seemed interesting tho had it not been for that glitch.

[@mohammadtaufiq8796]

You realised its actually scary if they had time...they would have won the war by a literal landslide

[@Alphacheesehunter]

I sincerely doubt that. For one thing, nazi command and control was a confusing mess. For another, the nazi party was essentially a high school popularity contest. People, projects, and cultures were discarded or destroyed because somebody didn't like something about it. Often, minor things at that. I mean, they couldn't keep up with the devastatingly good enough m4 Sherman. That's on top of the lack of resources, limited population, and, most damningly, a leader that couldn't let people do their jobs. The Nazis never stood a chance. The only way they could have won is if peeps started loving fascism in a majority of countries.

[@glenbeaver2784]

Sounds like the woke movement in America.

[@noscopesallowed8128]

Germany never had a chance. Remember, America had the Atom bomb just a few months after Germany surrendered.

[@duncbriggs2446]

Thanks

[@TerraSpaceIndustries]

whats the tune at the start?

[@joejoemyo]

Important clarification: The HO 229 was not at all a stealthy aircraft and would have still been detected by radars of the time. The skin and paint materials used may have been somewhat radar transparent, but that would have just allowed radar waves to reflect off the instruments, engines, fuel tanks, and structure of the aircraft. The exposed turbine engines are pretty much the worst-case scenario for stealth, having a larger return surface than their actual size. On top of that, it would have been very vulnerable to crosswinds when attacking and landing, as well as simple lateral evasion due to the lack of a vertical stabilizer. Once it turned away from a bomber or group it would be an incredibly large target for gunners. The only kills it would have gotten if produced are its pilots

[@ImpecuniousMax]

Messer-Mitch is my favourite yet. Reminds me of Mitch, the old lady who lives down the road from me. She’s a bit of a hoarder, so we call her Messy Mitch.

[@8.bit_gun340]

25:27 *sabaton noises increase from the mist*

[@boy_ka84]

It should not be called a movie but instead a documentary.

[@beingknox2544]

Documentaries are boring. This is not.

[@beyez]

What they arent boring​@@beingknox2544

[@anthonybrewer3323]

Documentaries are movie length docuseries are from 5 mins to an hour

[@mantisracingchannel3910]

The ads really do take you out of it.

[@jerryonlychild7003]

So get premium for $8 a month. It really is worth it. I think so anyway. Ads irk the shit out of me

[@mantisracingchannel3910]

@@jerryonlychild7003 may well do!

[@phaethonsol8381]

I mean did they really lose you have the eu now so same difference rethought...

[@aaronbustillos8047]

Wow,thus is the longest video,and I watched it to the end,great job😊

[@andywilson5828]

The STEPHENSON gauge was 1.4 metres. Not 1.4 millimetre used by stepson

[@myassizitchy]

Nobody ever used 1.4 millimeter. Thsd be smaller than an HO scale model train lik. 1.4.meter maybe

[@hughmarloweverest1684]

Love the pie in the sky speculation. What actually happened is that Berlin escaped being nuked by only a couple of months. These wonder weapons that were “too little, too late,” would not have kept that from happening. Too, the P-80 Shooting Star, four of them, participated in the ETO prior to cessation of hostilities. There would have been dozens more had the war gone on much longer.

[@joejoemyo]

Berlin didn't escape being nuked. Japan was chosen as the target long before it was clear that Germany would be defeated. There are a number of reasons for this but probably the biggest is that it would be very hard to justfy vaporizing a million white people to the US

[@danthefan28]

The first project sounds like the setup for the Third Reich's version of Snowpiercer.

[@dundun8640]

corrupted video 48:00

[@troygroomes104]

The treaty of Versailles banned Germany from working on all aviation technologies (piston, jet & rocket) combined

[@Wustenfuchs109]

Jet engines did not exist at the time of the Treaty (1919) so no, they did not ban Germany from working on something that became a thing only in 1930's.

[@troygroomes104]

@@Wustenfuchs109 they had the parts for it then

[@brianv1988]

That huge train idea remind me of the movie Snowpiercer

[@KingMinecraft-s1c]

I would recomend some German lessons on Duolingo.

[@blahblah659]

Fritz dying in a plane crash mentioned in a video about a train.

[@TheJovialBrit]

There are a lot of audio and video issues with the UFO part of the video.

[@vaishnavthokala4924]

nice star wars reference

[@boxsterman77]

A train that crosses the Himalayans? Now that’s a trick.

[@Samstrainsofficially]

With ideas this dumb and impractical it is no wonder they lost hard.

[@Joseph-z7s3b]

This train would go 0 to 60 mph in just under 3 birthdays.

[@BagBreakerMMA]

Excellent video, I’ve been going on a bit of a “what could have been” episode since digging deep into WW2 history

[@careydennis9038]

Your videos of the Nazi war machine are impeccable I've never seen have of them, and it is totally fascinating thank you

[@adamfrazer5150]

Sidebar : largely unrelated, but I recently re-watched the doc series 'The Wehrmacht' and can't recommend it enough 👍

[@rugerabrian2278]

awesome work make more long videos

[@Mrz-sb1hw]

What was Hitler thinking when he invaded Russia. Stalin knew the winter would stop him. Minus 40. Your tanks aren't going anywhere in that weather. Stalin had the manpower and moved his cities far from Hitler's planes. The T 34' s were massed produced. And Americans went over with a thousand planes at a time so I've been told. The Siberian troops were also kept back until staiin gave the go ahead. A complete waste of human existence.

[@SirHeinzbond]

hmm the Breitspurbahn was the one, and only thing of third Reich, i somehow would loved to see as a civilian system. imagine, booking a suite on a train from Zürich to Lisbon, traveling 2 days in this mobile home and no "Flugscham" or flight shame for a week long holiday somewhere in Europe...

[@JonathanDiaz-ez7xd]

Is this where the idea for Snowpiercer came from? It would make sense😂

[@ElAlfredo183]

Look out is the Luftwaffle

[@ElAlfredo183]

🧇

[@DrixDrix]

GREAT PRODUCTION! Please RE-UPLOAD it again. There are several buggy audio/video sections this would repair!

[@beardo52]

The Maus was envisioned as a portable Bunker, able to be moved into a position and be a strong point to support regular forces operations. Similarly, the Ratte, was to be a "somewhat" portable Fortress able to support attacks on large cities, and other military facilities. The purpose that the "Sturm Tiger " was put to in reducing Cities.

[@Exelerate-i5i]

The fact that this video is not taken down is beyond me

[@regenerate2768]

Why would it get taken down

[@Exelerate-i5i]

@@regenerate2768 KZbin has a history of demonetizing videos with the iron cross in it

[@adamfrazer5150]

36:29 anyone read 'Area 51' by Annie Jacobsen ?

[@andyromero7321]

I hope the audio issues get fixed up soon I would love to keep watching the video but the data corruption after 47 minutes makes it incredibly distracting and barely watchable, there are details that get skipped over only to be immediately repeated with the same line and the same muted portion, additionally there are some visual glitches throughout after that point, other than that great video so far, and incredibly interesting stuff.

[@daleshelden8394]

EXCUSE ME BUT THE PEARL HARBOR ATTACK WAS NOT A LITTLE KNOWN ATTACK!

[@ricardorojo734]

Sorry but people like you are the reason why shampoo has instructions

[@classesanytime]

What he 👆👆👆said! It's a Northern European thing that in plain 2024 Americans still don't get!

[@archmageofmetal8883]

Can't tell if you didn't catch that Found and Explained was being sarcastic or if you're the one being sarcastic. There's a lot of sarcasm goin on here...

[@NicolasBock-v8r]

Whats pearl harbor ?

[@mit15]

Nor did it take place in 1942!!

[@Jagdtyger2A]

The Graf Zeppelin class would have done well with Ho-229 aircraft as it had a low (80 kt) take off and landing speed and a useful soeed and weapons load out

[@gwoody4003]

FlugleWaffle 😂. That would make a great band name.

[@Troy-d1h]

I get morsecode in both my ears all day and all night since reporting some metaphysical experiences a few years ago - anyone know about these technologies doing this - anyone else share this experience or know about it - please do let me know

[@mrexon]

Cut the music out and it would be watchable

[@markhuckercelticcrossbows7887]

If your gonna do it, and you did, you could make the effort, to pronounce your own language correctly.... who the bloody hell , is just George Step son?

[@Sweet_Clod]

YO major audio glitches at about a quarter way through, fix your audio

[@jeebusk]

27:00 lol "from the water line to the bottom of the keel" instead of just saying depth... and you didn't tell us what a keel is!

[@christianm3460]

You know the problem with trains in any combat situation…the tracks. Why fight a “battle train” when you can destroy the tracks in front of it and derail it making it a sitting target. Trains are useless now and was such a soft target then.

[@ArviPontsa]

It was actually for british fleet, where Graf Zeppelin was to be build.

[@frozedokkanbattle]

I love these type of “what if” videos especially from WWII I just think of Wolfenstein like what if all of these actually happened and worked and what if Germany wins WWll. Is America here today or no

[@jerryonlychild7003]

Yes. America is here. The wartime economy and production was unmatched. Much of Germany's mechanized units were not as great as they were said to be. They could not outproduce the US and add to that Hitler thinking he was a tactician who would win the war with what remains of yhe German army, Hitler youth amd inexperienced recruits, and it was only a matter of time.

[@BrasilianZombie]

So many videos are full of half truths. On one side a great video on the other side repeating a narative that doesn´t hold up to real research

[@reginaldmcnab3265]

The. 2 rocket was two hundred times bigger than the next biggest rocket. After it went into mass production it had 63 thousand modifications. The Germans could whatever they set their sight to, only because they were outgunned and outnumbered and lack of adequate supplies plus the enigma code was broken. They also build a tank of 200 toms

[@danielmolinar8669]

A tank of 200 tons is a shitty tank

[@reginaldmcnab3265]

@@danielmolinar8669 if it was properly deployed it could have been effective but we may never know. The flack towers were very effective so much so that victors avoided it They even tried to destroy them after the war and failed Never say never but never mind 🙂

[@RichardSmith-qg7cf]

Hi can you check ad setting only watch first hour 6 ads starting 30 sec and last one 1 minute not skipable so gave up plus your sponsor ad just mess with flow of video

[@MrWhiskers65]

1:32:06 Every single plane is vulnerable at take off and landing!… think about it?!… duh!… I hate hearing that! Dumbest statement ever! Also, if the enemy sees where your landing your plane, you’re really really screwed!

[@unclestoma4699]

Suspicious Audio distortion

[@sykoteddy]

Is it only me who thinks the scaling of the train compared to the human is WAY off? How in the world is that train supposed to be 6 m wide compared to that guy, and also compared to the 7 m of height. I'm not even a 3D modeller, but I do have some proportional understanding! For example, a Chevy 2500 Silverado pickup with extended cab and a 8 foot flat bed is about 6 m. Compare that to the guy standing next to the train at 3.51 m min. Now, at 5.04 the dimensions seem to be vastly different, and more accurate! ...for not mentioning how much the scale is thrown off when you see the 1000 ton tank on the train, which supposedly is 14 m wide.... on a 6 m wide train? ok, no overhang there.

[@DuXQaK]

Oh that cutesy U-boat graphic is just hilarious and awesome

[@fredclements6843]

I just wonder what he could have done if he used all that for good instead of evil

[@claudiom4770]

Looks like the Austrian criminal had some issues with dimensions - to compensate for other “small things”

[@dougstyles]

He may have had a better chance of winning the war if he wasn't focused on so many different operations. Thank God he couldn't multitask.

[@beeenn649]

Who the hell thinks that putting a swimming pool on a train and taking it down the tracks at 150 MPH is a good idea?! 😂

[@MrWhiskers65]

Obviously the giant wheels on the JU 287 weren’t meant to stay like that lol!

[@michaelbruns449]

I dont find any of these mega constructs being "insane and bonkers and ridiculous" as so often stated, i find them being awesome and intense within a brave new world.

[@beeenn649]

Putting a swimming pool on a train and taking it down the tracks at 150 MPH is nuts. lol

[@jimjankswankson]

I’m absolutely sure what we are seeing in the skies are these vehicles that lack projects have created.

[@pauledmonds7316]

Why the footage of trains tansporting American tanks and GIs sitting in the carriages??

[@richwalter3107]

1500 meters long? By todays western U. S. freight rail standards, thats short.

[@tomrob3654]

Luftwaffle mit Erdbeeren und Sirup! Lecker!

[@jeroenverzijl8596]

the train was never more then a idea of hitler, it was not effeciant

[@mayurjoeee5673]

Swimming pool in train ??????????😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@randallbevansr5200]

1.4 millimeters,????I believe you meant meters

[@RickL_was_here]

First thing I think of when I hear "Zeppelin" is.... Led.