What is a MAGNETRON - How Does it Work

[@SouthernExploring]

When used correctly KZbin can be a continuous flow of knowledge. This channel is a gem.

[@BlueprintScience]

I'm glad to hear you say that. Thank you!

[@ericsheffield3549]

Um....

[@martinkuliza]

Yes..... You tube has 2 correct uses Engineering Knowledge and You guessed it.... PORN hehe No other forms are valid as correct all other methods are a perversion of youtube

[@masontv385]

Well put. My thoughts exactly.

[@jjrb230]

@@BlueprintScience I just discovered it. It is great! (I am an Industrial engineer with a major in electricity... Invented HotSmart plates)

[@atulp3360]

You, sir, have just earned the highest respect of an old electrical engineer who has long forgotten a lot of the fundamentals! A FANTASTIC set of explanations, animation to something sooo practical!! I came across your video when attempting to repair my m-wave.. and you absolutely ROCK it! Thanks, and keep these awesome videos coming. Love your genius and passion for this area!! Two thumbs up!

[@BlueprintScience]

Thanks man. That really means a lot to me.

[@VoidHalo]

You should always be sure to brush up on the fundamentals. I can see why you'd forget it, though. Especially with all of the online tools that can do calculations for you. It's easy to learn something, like a formula or analysis technique only to find the only time you ever use the information is in being tested to ensure you learned it.

[@stevekim6923]

Thanks very much for making hard subject easy to understand. One thing I didn't know until I digged much deeper is that how 36 degrees(360 degrees circle/10 pie shape cavity) outer copper layer becomes inductance. At 2.4GHZ, a straight copper becomes an inductor!

[@eringobreathtiocfaidharla1446]

Fuck off ffs ,couldn't understand one iota of this

[@tiempoespacial6996]

FANTASTIC ! I am engineer in electronics since 40 years, and this is the first time I see such an interesting and clear explanation of the magnetron. Congratulations. Looking forward to see other of your videos.

[@moiquiregardevideo]

Probably not interesting for most viewers of this channel, but in case someone care: The electrons have tendency to regroup in a single bunch that rotate in spiral. The oscillation comes from hitting a wall versus entering a cavity. There is 8 cavities so the rotation speed is : 2.45 ghz / 8 = 306 million turn per second. The rotation speed is approximative, magnetron are so imprecise that they can not be used as power source for a radar. In case of old style microwave ovens with the 10 pound transformer and the high voltage capacitor and diode, the voltage/current is pulsed : the system is a voltage doubler which produce 4000 volts for half a cycle and zero volt for the other half. In other word, the pulse rate is 60 hz and the magnetron works 50% of the time. I don't know if a full rectifier would makes the magnetron produce twice the energy or if there would be some kind of latch-up without the pulsed supply.

[@dapperblue1764]

@Christian Gingras Very interesting, thanks a lot for sharing!

[@AverageMinion98]

I actually came for this

[@walterbunn280]

Actually quite interesting. As for a DC build.... I don't think you'd get a latching effect, but going from 50% duty cycles to 100% duty cycles can do weird things. As far as the rotation speed, you can replace the permanent magnet with an electromagnetic winding. Actually the some of the first magnetrons were built with electromagnets instead of permanent magnets, but the guy who held the patent was kind of a turd, so they just made a magnetron with permanent magnets to side step him. This had the advantage of providing additional energy to making a microwave in the permanent magnets, but there's no way to tune it or 'pre' magnetize the coil. The rotational speed, especially with the advent of microcontrollers, wouldn't be impossible to control, but adjusting it on the fly might be a pain. Interestingly, if the 8 segment thing is true, the OP's magnetron definitely didn't produce 2.45 ghz microwaves. his magnetron has 10 segments.

[@therealjammit]

The magnetron has a fairly narrow window of operation. Too low and it won't oscillate (electrons not close enough to the anode to bunch up). Too high and it won't oscillate (electrons will be close enough to jump over to the anode and cause a current to flow). To make matters worse different temperatures and loads will change this. The power input has to be an AC signal that's been DC restored. If the voltage is too low it won't oscillate, but the voltage will soon rise. When the voltage is high enough to cause electron bunching, the anode resonates. When the voltage gets too high the current flow will temporarily "short" and cause the capacitor to quickly discharge to the point it will oscillate again (winding the transformer with magnetic shunts and an air gap also helps the transformer to drop its output voltage in an attempt to make a constant current). If you put a filtered DC into it, you have to "play" with the voltage until it oscillates and keep making adjustments as the temperature and load changes. The newer high frequency inverter types will use current feedback to tell when the output gets too high (and too much current flow) and adjust itself (much like the previous "playing" with the voltage, but automatic), plus the output isn't a filtered DC which helps stop any internal anode arcing.

[@therealjammit]

@@walterbunn280 The electromagnets were used because they had problems with permanent magnets getting hot and stop being magnets, plus by varying the electromagnet they can tune and modulate the output. Also the inventor was a dochenozzle. Derp. I forgot to explain the 10 Vs. 8 poles. The electron bunching doesn't always happen in one place and rotate. Sometimes (depending on the strapping shorts they use on the resonate anode sections) you can have two, three, or four bunches of electron "lobes" rotating around. As one lobe passes by a resonate cavity, the next lobe "hits" it as it passes, so in one rotation you can get many hits on a cavity.

[@walterbunn280]

So i was thinking of making one of these a few years back, but i didn't want to get into vacuum pumps in an apartment. Low power microwaves are something that deserves more attention by the home remote control enthusiast. The permanent magnets can actually be replaced with an electromagnetic coil on most magnetrons. If you do that the magnetron can actually tuned to different frequencies, although you may end up losing some power from the magnetron since the permanent magnets won't be providing the "spin". The magnetron it's self can actually be operated off of both AC and DC, and might actually be more effective if a direct current is applied to the magnetron instead of alternating current, but the large voltages (kilovolts) make a purely DC setup more expensive to produce. There's a few papers written about how to calculate the frequency of magnetron based on the voltage, since frequency is also a function of voltage and the dielectric inside of the magnetron. Not every magnetron is full of vacuum. Some have teflon sheaths around the cathode, and the individual segments are more like fine slits than coils. Since i'm talking about magnetron construction a bit... you'll notice that the magnetron has ten equal segments. An even number of segments in a magnetron is important because it stops the magnetron from doing weird stuff, like developing confined stray currents or hitting a destructive resonance with the diode it's self. It also allows the magnetron antenna to be tapped twice (directly across from one another). As far as the metal that the magnetron is made out of, it's aluminum clad in copper. Copper's a slightly better conductor than aluminum, and the better the interior conducts the better the magnetron produces microwaves. Aluminum is used instead of steel because steel would actually hold onto some amount of magnetic field, especially overtime with prolonged use, and that would either interfere with continued operation of the magnetron or sap power from the microwaves being generated. Finally, the guy screaming about the capacitor down here in the comments isn't wrong; They're not benign. That said, any body looking to take apart a microwave should be aware that they can be shocked by a capacitor. If you don't know that much, why are you taking apart a microwave?

[@BlueprintScience]

Interesting read.

[@whiteivory1]

Wonderful video! Forty+ years ago as a US Navy Gun Fire Controlman the description of the maggy in my AN/SPG-53F pulse-modulated radar was "PFM" or "Pure Fxxxxg Magic." Really appreciated your explanation, your humor, and your animations. Thanks! Never too old to learn something new!

[@yetanotherjohn]

GREAT VIDEO! The cavity magnetron was once one of the greatest WW2 military secrets, comparable to the atomic bomb and the ENIGMA projects; the cavity magnetron allowed radars to go from only being able to see ships and airplanes to being able to see the narrow periscope of a submarine poking up from the water.... a huge leap in screen resolution!

[@jasonburton2514]

0

[@rustyshaklferd1897]

Cool I’ll take a look. You guys moved to bigger and better or like putting a 6.1 hemi v8.!if I was planning suicide I’d geisha hellcat and enjoy the hell out of I. Named demon for a reason. It is 5 cyli it has been comperferd. Don’t like double injection prefight.

[@Eduardo_Espinoza]

it reflects back to the source like an echo?? o.o

[@yetanotherjohn]

@@Eduardo_Espinoza yes, the radar was invented when people realized that airplanes overhead could interfere with radio reception

[@Eduardo_Espinoza]

wow that's smart tnx! :D@@yetanotherjohn

[@stoatrepublic]

Finally not a Russian messing with a magnetron, so pleased this is in English, lol.

[@DTHuey]

no it isn't

[@fallisaflight5060]

Stalin, bring this one to Gulag please

[@samsen3965]

Hey Woody what else you expected? Its simply too cold in Russia.

[@vgfxworks]

mm .. probably his previous life was on Russia.. great indeed.. :-)

[@kingsman428]

@proteusx You're a fucking delightful person.

[@JoeCdaYT]

I will say the first thing is that the magnetron is a vacuum tube. the coils in the can tune the high voltage so that the filament will turn on and heat the only plate inside that is itself. Some of the common deaths of these is the tube itself getting weak, the diode in the high voltage path leaking current back, capacitor failure, or lastly control circuit failure. Solid state devices do not like surges which a microwave generates when it first powers up. Nice disassembly. Beryllium oxide is bad for your health but companies have been using a different material to make them ROHS compliant.

[@CampKohler]

1. It's not a 2,000-volt transformer; it's a 1,000-transformer. On one alternation of the AC line, the transformer, steered by a diode, charges the capacitor to 1,000 volts. On the following alternation, the transformer's 1,000 and the capacitor's 1,000 are added together to get the needed 2,000 volts to run the magnetron. This inexpensive circuit is is called a voltage double and is used to cut the number of copper turns required in the transformer's secondary winding in half to save money. 2. The gold-colored woven washer is not there to prevent feeding back into the magnetron. It is a conductive washer that seals the gap between the magnetron body and the waveguide, much as a rubber washer seals off a garden hose joint (except it's radio waves and not water). It is there to prevent waves escaping the joint, exceeding the amount allowed by regulations. There is nothing to prevent microwaves that emerge into the cooking cavity from reflecting back into the waveguide and into the magnetron, causing damage except the user's diligence in ALWAYS providing a load of some sort (food, water, etc.). (The original Amana Radar Range had a glass body magnetron, and if you ran it with no load, a spot would be melted into the glass, ruining it.) Even if an oven is totally wasted and unrepairable, the magnetron will yield up two juicy magnets, and there are many projects on the 'Net based on replacing the secondary transformer winding to make a cheap welder, etc. Oven's don't die, they just fade away.

[@BlueprintScience]

You seem to know what you are talking about. Though I am not convinced that the transformer secondary is such a low voltage. I'm experimentally found the voltage to fluctuate above 1800 volts (excluding the half-wave doubler)

[@peterzingler6221]

Thats wrong Sir a single capacitor cant act as an multipler . In reality the peak AC of the transformer is around 6000v in 240v countrys

[@Willeexd1337]

Wrong its 2000 volts i have measured it and the diode config brings it to 4KV

[@ediflores8745]

The yellow wire in front of magnetron ... is it gold? THANK YOU

[@Willeexd1337]

Edi Flores no i think its brass

[@laura-ann.0726]

The trapezoidal cavities in a household microwave oven are not as efficient as the circular resonating cavities in the original WWII magnetron, and the range of wavelengths the device emits is less stable and more variable. But this is not a problem, because the end use is just to heat food, so frequency control can be sloppier than would be permissable in a radar system. The variability allows the manufacturing cost of the household magnetron to be considerably less than that of magnetrons in radar systems, so that a household microwave oven can be sold for only $150 and still make the supply chain profitable. Great video!

[@joew1865]

@ 5:50 "I think you get the idea" ... I assure you, sir, I certainly do not. Great vid 👍

[@mattx9260]

you should point out that compassitors still have a charge even when they are not plugged in, for the adventurious types.

[@noble14u]

You mean capacitor?

[@adelaidehulahoopers9286]

You'll need a very very big screwdriver to discharge that one...call in the bomb squad.

[@jimmyross4352]

Adelaide We do use the largest one in the toolbox in appliance service...

[@DeactivatedCharcoal]

Most have a high value discharge resister to bleed of the voltage when it's unplugged. (that's what I saw in the one I took apart today)

[@VoidHalo]

You should still be wary of high voltage capacitors after you've discharged them. Capacitors can spontaneously recover up to 20% of their voltage without any power being applied due to dielectric absorbtion. Though the danger of such capacitors is often vastly overstated. I doubt a 400v cap would be fatal if it discharged into you. For example, a 400v, 10uf cap would only contain 0.8 joules of energy. An electric fence puts out 10 times as much energy, or more. That's not to say it wouldn't hurt like hell, or that you shouldn't be careful and respectful of such devices.

[@amisner2k]

I just feel bad for the first poor souls who had to discover the hard way how toxic, cancerous, and life threatening berilium oxide is.

[@dylancrow7919]

Aaron Misner I'd imagine, the way things go, lots of people were exposed to it at some time in an industrial setting and the discoveries of the metals health hazards were discovered later through research and development rather than it being an obvious thing to the first people to mess with it. But that's just a guess.

[@amisner2k]

Dylan Cros - Exactly. Those people in the industrial setting are the "pour souls" I was referring to in my original comment. They would've developed carcinomas and probably other terminal condition(s) without having any idea that where they were working or what they were working around would cause such serious medical issues for them down the road. I mean it is what it is...I'm just saying that it sucks, but what are ya' going to do. .

[@JoshStLouis314]

I want to know who found out that beryllium compounds taste sweet.

[@paulkocyla1343]

When you start a #howdoesberylliumtastechallenge, a lot of people will find it out again.

[@ryanb1874]

It wasn't Fillo Farnsworth?

[@dougc3086]

Awesome some real information on youtube; I am so tired of click bait, and so thankful someone is doing real videos. Yes, you were wearing proper safety gear, (forgot about the safety tip for the cap), but anyone that is smart has learned about caps before they get to this level. And you even mentioned about the dangerous pink stuff. So well done, I know more about the microwave than I did yesterday. Thanks

[@BlueprintScience]

No problem; glad I could be of assistance.

[@ApplyWithCaution]

... it's interesting to note that the cavity magnetron is what generates the power to radar transmitters ... it was invented by british engineers in the late 1930s ....

[@MrDaiseymay]

According to the great TV series.'' Battle of the Beams'' Fronted by the great Wartime scientist R.V Jones. The magnatron was perfected during late WW2, at Birmingham University. UK It was as top secret as Bletchley, because it revolutionised on-board RADAR for Bomber Command. And used by the secret 100 Group, Pathfinder Sqadrons, like 199, my brother flew with them,.

[@jimmyross4352]

Definition of a capacitor; A device that while charged is passed around Basic Electricity classes to emphasize the importance of respect for the power of electricity......

[@davelowets]

Breaker point "condensers" were a common source of said capacitors that were charged up and then passed around to see who ended up to be the unfortunate one who touched the can AND the end of the wire at the same time.... 😂

[@Apocalypticable]

Might also be a good idea to add a warning in the description regarding the potentially deadly charge a microwave capacitor can store for quite some time after being unplugged.

[@Eduardo_Espinoza]

same, I need to make a comment too to warn more curious new learners here!

[@mazenboureslan8727]

Good job man. A well prepared, explained and figure-aided explanation. You have been generous in your effort and time. Thank you Another subscription for sharing a good video.

[@wtaione]

This is the first time I've come across one of your videos and I have to say, thank you for the excellent presentation.

[@gerlingtascam1907]

7:42 RF gasket important for non-leakage of microwaves between magnetron & waveguide. 9:04 Thoriated Tungsten filament.

[@DavidALovingMPF102]

Yes. that's what I've heard too...thorium..

[@arthurhardy]

So I can TIG weld with it?

[@jayward2662]

Thorium is radioactive

[@jayward2662]

@@arthurhardy tungsten used for tig welding (heliarc) carbon and stainless steel contains 2% thorium and the tungsten used aluminum has none.

[@mikedalakis5292]

Microwave radiation is a mystery to most of us, so thanks for sharing your knowledge and making it so simple that I almost followed everything.

[@haruhisuzumiya6650]

We use microwaves for wi-fi

[@KyleStimpfl]

You are doing a wonderful job of explaining fundamentals, well done Sir!

[@xcross8537]

I grew up with a lot of curiosity. This KZbin has enables me to help myself/society in so many ways.

[@martinkuliza]

i grew up with a lot of curiosity as well back in my day there was no internet WE HAD.................... THE CURIOSITY SHOW hehe hands up who remembers this shit kzbin.info/www/bejne/roOqp5J4a9qLadU ahhhhhh good times

[@metalmolisher666]

The path of the electrons trough the eectric fields at 5:25 is wrong.

[@BlueprintScience]

Yeah, I had that backward didn't I It would be forced *out* when traveling with the field lines. You may have noticed that I considered all electrons to have a positive charge so that I could use the right-hand-rule. I've been called out on that. Too many smart people like you on the internet!

[@metalmolisher666]

It also means that that a lot of smart people watch your channel. Its a good thing. Perhaps make an inset wher you explain when you youe the right and when the left hand rule and how this impacts the later graphs. The general explanation is good.

[@jamestruax9716]

@@BlueprintScience the n two magnets are there to keep electron from coming out where the insulation is at and keep it on copper conductor path all the way to the front of the magnet tron the piece you said you thought wasn't important keeps electrons from leaking into the electral housing and causing other parts from overloading and could cause the microwave to explode

[@Softail77us]

In early models of microwaves there wasn't a bleeder resistor on the capacitor which made it a lot of fun to discharge with a screwdriver. Cool video!

[@zdw306]

I know that some ham radio enthusiasts use magnetrons as moon bounce transmitters. This raises the fact that magnetrons can actually transform whatever frequency is input into a form of high energy RF

[@davelowets]

No, they can not. They only operate at ONE frequency. And that frequency is determined by the physical shape of the cavities inside the tube. There is NO driver circuit powering them like the grid of a triode or other amplifying vacuum tube, and no way to introduce your own signal into them.

[@flyguy6504l]

Ok I admit this might be a dumb question, but if the electrons are forced off the source, how are they replenished, or are they?

[@afzalali4349]

very useful before my exam.... thnks dude

[@rodrigo_dm]

I just discovered your channel now and i gotta say its gold. Keep up the good work man

[@BlueprintScience]

Cool, Thanks!

[@MrBrelindm]

I was a radar technician in the Navy. Perhaps another video could focus on the operation of a Reflex Klystron in generating radar frequencies (19GHz range)!

[@BlueprintScience]

Yeah, sounds like a good potential topic. I was pointed to them a lot while researching this video. Its going to be hard to get my hands on one of those. Not sure if they are still employed or not... Thanks for the idea.

[@PeterPerhac]

Good video, but the detailed description of "these two coils here" @8:21 didn't go unnoticed 🙂 Interesting couple points about (1) the 2000V capacitor (do not DIY-fix microwaves if you have no clue what you're going into, like I did some years ago, was scary...) and (2) beryllium oxide.

[@kalleklp7291]

Most excellent explanation of this device. Thank you...I'll dig into your other videos.

[@ElrondMcBong.]

the revelation that the loops are literally just super basic resonant circuits which are being fed by shooting electrons at them blew my mind.

[@christopherleubner6633]

It is an electromagnetic whistle. The pink ones are made of ruby alumina, the beryllium oxide ones are bright white and usually are from higher power microwaves.

[@BlueprintScience]

I think you're right. But it is best to treat them all like beryllium, yeah?

[@jamesscherbenske5985]

@@BlueprintScience smart man you are Sir..

[@agumonkey]

It's interesting how quickly a safety myth propagates. Someone on IRC warned me about BeO ceramics in magnetrons but never told me the right color. Now color could be deceiveing too. But well it seems no mainstream MWOven has BeO in it .. I still don't know all material used. Pink seems to be chromium/alumina. But purple I can't find data on. Also.. I have a few parts from kitchen appliances (cooking plates; toaster resistance glass with white ceramic plugs/caps and plates..) all very white.. Maybe is it raw alumina, which is said to be white. Or maybe I was moronically handling potentially dangerous ceramic without knowing it (while fearfully storing harmless pink alumina hehe)

[@ediflores8745]

The yellow wire in front of magnetron ... is it gold? THANK YOU

[@KingJellyfishII]

@@ediflores8745 nah it's brass

[@Player-pj9kt]

Awesome video! Your explanation on how the cavity are like a capacitor and inductor and how the perpendicular electric and magnetic fields create electromagnetic waves were fantastic!

[@kjamison5951]

The magnetron is also a key part of any radar system. Guess what I did at university… yup, worked on radar systems.

[@davelowets]

3:10.... The "fingers" of the cavities will alternate in polarity due to them being connevted together, and the physical structure of them basically makes them into an LC tank circuit with an inductor across each one. So, the polarity alternates as the inductor forces the charge to bounce back and forth between polarities as the electrons pass by them and induce a current. The permanent magnets on each end of the tube start the electrons electrons whirling around as they leave the cathode, and they will speed up and will form a star shaped pattern due to the polatities flipping back and forth by the oscillating tank circuits formed by the cavities, as the electrons speed past them, and be forced to rotate past the cavities due to the polarities constantly flipping at higher and higher speeds until they reach the maximum speed. This is where the frequency of 2.4ghz is formed without a driver circuit powering the tube. The size and shape of the cavities is what determines the final speed of the whirling electrons, and ultimately the final frequency.

[@MadSparks164]

You, sir, have earned yourself a subscriber :)

[@BlueprintScience]

Thank you. I'm super glad you're here :)

[@jjeherrera]

Make it two!

[@mike3684]

Three!

[@knaagi]

Four

[@steveneizensmits9060]

Five

[@elyasbachani7950]

Really mind blowing!especially taking it apart and advising what could damage your body

[@scarborosasquatchstation1403]

Blueprint : Dude thanks for the tech info regarding microwaves & magnetrons !

[@BlueprintScience]

No problem, dude

[@Nonotkidding]

Well done. You clearly introduced the subject, gave it substance, used professional editing and kept my interest.

[@BlueprintScience]

Thanks. Glad to hear it

[@sligovolts]

Great video! Loved the depth of your explanation and all the work you put on the animations/drawings. You have a very similar vibe to the guy on the Keystone Science channel: both extremely passionate about science and very good at teaching. Thanks man!

[@BlueprintScience]

Thank you, sligovolts Keystone Science was one of my inspirations. I'm glad you enjoyed this video and I hope you continue to enjoy them.

[@jennifer86010]

Mr. Blueprint...you are a fun science teacher. Kind of nerdy, kind of funny, and kind of cool, but you explain things very well, so well, in fact that I will remember your explanation, which is more than I can say for most of my science teachers throughout schools and colleges.

[@BlueprintScience]

Thank you very much.

[@adelaidehulahoopers9286]

Schools usually run the 'sausage machine' teaching style which is basically, go through the material fast, shy away from hands on lab work, and talk to the blackboard.

[@grinreaperoftrolls7528]

This is such a helpful video. I look forward to seeing more of your videos.

[@BlueprintScience]

I look forward to reading more of your comments.

[@larryleger1658]

Great job bud; very thorough! On my first microwave hack, I really only set out to get the magnets and took note of the dangers. I never really looked into how it worked. This video was perfect for my understanding.

[@BlueprintScience]

Thanks I am glad I could be of assistance

[@UpcycleElectronics]

You don't need to cut anything to get to the magnets and cooling stack. The assembly is held together with bent tabs. A screwdriver and pliers will get the tabs apart. I've taken several apart for the magnets, and high voltage through panel connector. This was just suggested in my feed. Sub'd for interesting -Jake

[@soylientgreen5663]

Upcycle Electronics I had the same thought... smart avoiding liable

[@BillAnt]

Interesting video... Here's bit of history on how microwave ovens came about, strangely out of the development of World Ware II microwave radar. Who would have thought... "American engineer Percy Spencer is generally credited with inventing the modern microwave oven after World War II from radar technology developed during the war. Named the "Radarange", it was first sold in 1946." ~ Wiki

[@Mambwem]

When assembling back the Magnets in a Magnetron, are the magnets installed attracting (N-S or S-N) each other or opposing each other (N-N or S-S)? [e-mail]

[@Tlittau3944]

That's EXACTLY WHAT IM TRYING TO DO... THANK YOU!!

[@KD-df8gx]

I feel like that I, as someone who also has a speech impediment, were in your shoes I would feel very self-conscious about how other people reacted to my speaking style. With that in mind I wanted to let you know, as a first time viewer of your channel, and content, about 23 seconds into the first video, that your writing and presentation style is so wonderful that after 5-10 seconds I was so engrossed and engaged that it quickly turned into a positive bonus instead of what, if it were me, I would be worried about being a potential hinderance or annoyance to others. So I wanted to make sure that I let you know that if you've got something in the back of your mind that's making you doubt yourself at some point, and it's because of your speech like what happens to me with my stuttering, that you tell that thing to shut the fuck up because people LOVE IT! I know I would love to have someone tell me this, so I'm hoping you find this helpful and nice and not insulting(I'm also autistic, so I have a hard time knowing how people will react to what I say so I tend to ramble to cover my bases) Edit: Now, back to finish the video!

[@BlueprintScience]

Don't worry about me. I'm not very self conscious. Wait... let me rephrase that: I am self aware, but am not bothered by no speech impediment. Life is too short for that. Still, thanks for checking up.

[@Ness_Plays_Lownotes]

90% of this went over my head, but you make me inspired to learn more about physics and how our universe works, this is badass!!! Thank you for putti g the effort into these videos!

[@JohnDoe-lt5fq]

excellent video and animation too. very exceptional amongst the crowd, thank you for your work

[@intowishin2755]

Thanks for making this, very glad I watched this first before taking apart my old microwave to get the magnets, I knew it was dangerous but I really underestimated just how dangerous.

[@billybobb7252]

Well i have scrapped hundreds of microwave ovens in the past . Still here never been zapped by lurking volts . Dunno maybe I have been lucky.

[@samisiddiqi7814]

First video of yours I watched and I immediately hit that subscribe button! Not only content, but you have provided links in the description for further study! Thank you!

[@BlueprintScience]

Thanks! I hope you continue to enjoy all of the content I have coming up

[@samisiddiqi7814]

Blueprint I see that you have some videos of mathematics on your channel which I will further invest my time in watching. What I am liking about this channel is that it doesn't merely leave you with a clip of some sort of phenomena for views like other science channels, but rather gets in depth. It is like getting the practical benefits of an engineering class without the waste of time and loss of interest.

[@BlueprintScience]

Well, if you watch the 2hr diff-eq lecture. I guarantee you'll lose interest. But yeah, I like to "keep it real" as they say. Thanks for the kind words. People like you make this all worth doing.

[@sainaveenchitturi7448]

Great explanation of Magnetron & with provided links.. 👌

[@TGCIIII]

This was super informative, I've been wondering how the microwaves are directed from the resonant cavities all day, thanks!

[@acceptthetruthitwillsetyou2598]

This channel is AWESOME

[@BlueprintScience]

Thanks "O ye of Truth" for the comment. I will do my best to keep this channel "awesome"

[@mapsynth1596]

Wow, this video was very, very informative and well put together. You definitely earned a new subscriber. Wish you the best for your channel!

[@BlueprintScience]

Thanks dude

[@bomxacalaka2033]

When saggy accidentally uses 0,00001 of his powers and learns how to manipulate microwaves

[@juvnchy]

bomxacalaka an attempt was made. Albeit, a poor one, but one was made

[@BrianWMay]

Thanks, a very complex component explained well. It's conceptual and even Fleming's Left Hand rule is difficult for many (including me) to understand. The last time I broached this subject was during Flight Engineer training in the RAF in 1973. My total experience of microwave ovens now is: Does it work? No? Check the fuse, fuse is okay. Go to the microwave oven shop and buy a new one !!

[@boblewis5558]

You quoted Fleming's Right Hand Rule incorrectly. It's (F)irst finger for (F)ield, se(C)ond finger for (C)urrent and thu(M)b for (M)otion - check Wikipedia. In addition his Right Hand Rule is for generators and the Left Hand Rule for motors using the same mnemonics (as in this case effectively since power is consumed to produce radiation, not generated via rotational movement of the magnetic field).

[@strommeyer97]

Bob Lewis just thought the same thing

[@Tadesan]

Bob Lewis prove him wrong! (It would technically take CPT violation to do so by the way. Haha)

[@boblewis5558]

Tadesan I don't need to prove him wrong. If YOU need proof, do as I suggested and look up the right hand and left hand rules on Wikipedia. And WHAT CPT violation? Explain yourself please.

[@MarkROrel]

You're all wrong: right-hand rule is for right hand threads. Left hand rules for left hand threads. Righty tighty, lefty loosey...

[@sparkyinwa]

right hand rule/left hand rule and which finger to use for what are dependent upon whether you want to use conventional electrical flow (positive to negative flow which was based on assumptions in the 1700's which were pre-electron knowledge) or electron flow (based on the facts we know about electrons). Even in current physics courses I have seen instructors use a right hand rule for based on conventional current flow. If you want to use a right hand rule for generation based on electron flow you flip the current and flux fingers. or you swap to a left hand rule for generators and a right hand rule for motors and use the traditional fingers. The right/left hand rules are mnemonic and visualization aids and not laws.

[@RadioJimProductions]

Great job on highlighting the BeO ceramic hazard. You don't want to mess with that stuff.

[@jimmyfavereau]

whewww, my heart skipped a beat when I saw the opened cavity prior to you announcing the berilium oxide hazard! glad you are a wise young man! smart for us all to reaseach as much as possible for safety sake : D another cool subject is flat water : D God Bless!

[@BlueprintScience]

Tell me more about this "flat water." Is it sparkling water gone flat?

[@jimmyfavereau]

:D cup , puddle , pond, lake, great lake, ocean.. no humps or curvature there ... your a good researcher Blue check it out! kzbin.info/www/bejne/aJKWmX-Qf7-goqs

[@BlueprintScience]

Actually, my next topic has to do with water... I'm editing it now. Teaser: it levitates

[@jimmyfavereau]

awesome! keep that creative spirit soaring.. especially if anyone tries to put your mind in a box.. many will thwart your ideas but seek and ye shall find! Nicola Tesla said electricity is free, my teacher told me .. that's not possible , the big monopolists dont want it to be true either..LOL magnets , coils and rotary devices oh my! God Bless :D

[@BlueprintScience]

I've actually already discovered free energy.... I use the neighbor's power outlet

[@jerrywhalen4056]

I have always liked science videos, this video is the first one to pique my interest to the max. In theory, I would delve into magnetism and quantum mechanics in hope of creating something amazing. So far this video is something that I play with in practice with the quantum mechanics being put on the back burner. Unfortunately, I couldn't learn how make a cyclotron. So I am going to rely on your videos to keep me busy. P.S. I will abide by the laws of absolute caution by notating the components and risks. I intend to amass a few microwaves for safe experimentation! My assessment? Eleven thumbs up!

[@davegtar]

NERD!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Which is absolutely fine! Great video :)

[@BlueprintScience]

Wow! Where did all of those Saturday nights go?

[@coreyredding5840]

Blueprint LOL I've spent a few of those Friday and Saturday night also but not near as knowledgeable as you. Thank you for taking the time to make and upload this great video!

[@ericscaillet2232]

If it wasn't for them we wouldn't have half the stuff we have presently.

[@LtAzariel]

is there a way to reverse the antenna and make it work like a receiver?

[@josebatista5188]

I want nothing to do with the inside of a magnetron.

[@truthismyreligion6391]

Dont be a pussy.

[@ronaldbrown9638]

There harmless unless running

[@LuisJimenezr01]

@@ronaldbrown9638 they're pretty toxic when cracked open.

[@aqila3006]

brilliant ! I am an electronics engineering student attended 2 weeks lecture but couldnt get anything , u have explained very very well that even non engineering students can understand the concept

[@BlueprintScience]

Thank you. I'm glad that I could be of service.

[@prajwalthakare7305]

Great Video.Keep up the good work.

[@kikikikiki489]

does the antenna output also generate radio frequency or high frequency alternating current?

[@hardworkingcanadiancitizen252]

I like how you were surprised at how the cavity was so cheaply made lol, I've heard from appliance repairmen that appliances are built to last 10 yrs max these days. I asked him if buying a more expensive line made a differance and he said no they're using the same cheap parts your just paying for the extras , so In essence he said buying a $7000 fridge vs a $700 wouldn't make any diff!

[@BlueprintScience]

This day and age, every corner that can be cut is being cut. No surprise there. Besides, who needs a WIFI connected toaster anyway? Toaster tech hasn't even changed since it was invented!

[@hardworkingcanadiancitizen252]

@@BlueprintScience I have an exp kitchenaid model and it kinda heats but not a lot , the glass dish actually cracked one day just sitting in the microwave without being used , now it seems very weak so I was checking out how they work , trying to decide if I wanna go in there n attempt a fix it . Does the capacitor charge drain off after awhile or do I have to discharge it manually?

[@AThreeDogNight]

@@hardworkingcanadiancitizen252 The way they are made with the plastic around them it's almost impossible to touch them, but yes I always discharge cap's when handling, just for safety.

[@dennisdonovan2280]

No it doesn't drain itself, always discharge them before handling them. That's the safest way to treat capacitors.

[@itstrysten]

Your dorky confidence is enviable. Congratulations on the new subscriber (me) and you're almost to 10k!!

[@BlueprintScience]

Thank you. Very cool ... and who are you calling a dork?

[@mrb7629]

Great video. But you had me literally crying with laughter when you spun the fan with your finger. Weeeeee :D

[@leogualtieri523]

I mean... It's kinda silly Don't exactly think it's laugh cry worthy

[@geraldfrost4710]

The nicest thing about my job is that the chair spins. This kid has a cool spinny fan!? Lucky!

[@MrDaiseymay]

@@leogualtieri523 more a case of lowering his credibility

[@jerrycole2373]

I have never really been a Science Person,but this was interesting. If we had had a Teacher/instructor like this in school, i might have enjoyed science a lot better. Thank You.

[@BlueprintScience]

np That's what I'm here for :)

[@karlr.2631]

Who knew George Harrison traveled to the future in his youth to teach us cool stuff, now where is the time machine bro.

[@fitofight8540]

Jay R. He is danni harrison

[@BlueprintScience]

Hey! I hope you found this video informative! There's tons of other videos just like it on this channel. We also have a Discord server, feel free to join: discord.gg/kUhsU4p

[@primateinterfacetechnologi6220]

I did find it so... getting a visual on which part is the damn beryllium oxide (in the older ones I imagine) is fairly helpful I'd say. your knowledge runs deep Bro... especially for a dude half my age. damn, I never thought I'd be saying something like that... additionally, I've noticed that you sir, have a sense of humor... which is a versatile tool that can save you when nothing else will. in my book anyway... peace be upon you, and rock on.

[@mullawa]

Magnetrons were developed back in the 40's to make high definition Radar possible.

[@MrJMont21]

The information you gave about beryllium was scary! Some hobbyists may open microwaves for parts salvaging and be handling the beryllium without knowing what it is that they are touching

[@davida1hiwaaynet]

Thanks for the explanation. Just curious though. I have cut open several failed magnetrons and tried to see what was causing the problem. the filament nor any other parts seemed damaged. I wonder what caused the failure of this reasonably simple device? I had come to the assumption that the failures I had experienced were due to loss of vacuum due to some small leak in the assembly; or possibly due to some materials in the magnetron that had emitted some sort of gases and reduced the vacuum level.

[@BlueprintScience]

Honestly, I don't know the failure reason besides this: they usually only fail after they overheat...

[@davida1hiwaaynet]

Yeah I noticed that in the past. Since my current life working on power generators, I haven't done a lot of appliance work. But, the most recent one I changed was on my mom and dad's 30 year old Sharp microwave. The fan was still working fine.

[@BlueprintScience]

Actually, the one I disassembled was also broken. When people leave my college campus, the leave a good dozen of broken microwaves behind. (I have so many magnetrons...) Anyway, I've also noticed that when magnetrons overheat their efficiency decreases substantially. Could be due to warping or material property changes. It's like asking why light bulbs fail.

[@davida1hiwaaynet]

Good point! I ordered a NOS Toshiba magnetron from eBay for mom and dad's microwave. Apparently the old one had gradually weakened. The new one set fire to the first bag of popcorn they cooked! It was easy for mom and dad to adapt to the shorter cooking times after the first incident! :) I remember those days when people would abandon things when they finished college. Seemed like craziness!

[@josephcote6120]

Overheating can damage the magnets. That would wreck the tube.

[@TLH_BobCat]

Best vid on microwave I’ve seen yet.

[@TechsScience]

You deserves even more subscribers

[@BlueprintScience]

So do you

[@anilkumarsharma1205]

are you able to provide magnetron powered by hand with the small motors which are geared box fitted to run it with hand so we can bake our cake even on mars

[@tripjet999]

"deserve"

[@Snyper1188]

Cool video man! This came up in my feed, clicked it, watched it, and enjoyed it!! You just earned my subscription! I cant wait to see what else you have to share with the world!

[@BlueprintScience]

I've got lots. Lots and lots. I glad that I can share it with one more person.

[@jamesg8246]

Dude has the longest fingers ever.....

[@blakeanderson2889]

James G I was thinking the same thing:)

[@turgutbelen6374]

Hmmmm

[@tronmagnet]

He also has the longest unibrow

[@oxalicacid1870]

Well you know what they say, "Long fingers.... probably long toes as well." Sorry if I did this wrong. It's my first time doing a to be continued or w/e comment. Also, you have a new subscriber, my friend. Glad I found this. You're awesome! :D

[@thakursoham13]

@@tronmagnet check out electro boom channel 😂

[@RandomGeometryDashStuff]

03:08 what if there is odd number if small circles?

[@xorbe2]

May not work at all, since it can't form a repeating pattern. Or just make a bunch of random RF noise that you can't use.

[@THOMASTHESAILOR]

Nice Video, Magnetron : "Magna" comes from the word Magnet, Where does "tron" part come from.. I know there was an 1980's Video game called TRON.. Maybe that's it !

[@BlueprintScience]

Impeccable logic!!! Seriously tho: magnet = "magnet" (duh); "-tron" = shortening of the word "electron." Anything with "-tron" in the name involves manipulating electrons.

[@AbbasAbbas-wm6rg]

electrons dont exist just change the word electron to light

[@poloboy]

Very, VERY thorough and solid demonstration. Thanks for this content bro

[@bloodybat100]

"And its cooled by this fan... WEEEEE..."

[@misterfunnybones]

Gilligan's Island: What's the deal with the professor, he can make a microwave out of a coconut, but can't fix a small hole in a boat? Very informative video.

[@DavidALovingMPF102]

No, remember.. they used a glue that later would come apart..another Gilligan screw up.

[@Stelios.Posantzis]

Great presentation on the workings of a magnetron. I was always curious to learn a little about the way they work. 01:10 : Poking with your fingers like this inside a microwave oven is extremely dangerous even when the microwave is unplugged. The capacitor may still hold charge and if it does, it will be at a potential of a couple of kVolts i.e. enough to cause death or serious damage. It is quite obvious you seem to know what you're doing but any kid is able to watch yt nowadays. 06:38 : Kudos for warning clearly about the dangers of handling magnetrons and beryllium oxide (whether this particular specimen does contain it or not is irrelevant - there are plenty of microwave ovens out there that do).

[@Audio_Simon]

Is there a vacuum inside the resonant chamber, like a vacuum tube radio? I for some reason expected laminations in the chamber construction, like in a transformer. This one was solid copper though right?

[@BlueprintScience]

A magnetron is indeed a type of vacuum tube. Fun fact: all vacuum tubes emit electromagnetic energy; some even produce x-rays. Also, yes: it is solid copper all the way through.

[@Audio_Simon]

@@BlueprintScience Thank you for this reply. I found your video informative and fun. I'll watch more!

[@noname-sd5dt]

i was keeping up until 4:27 when i went from understanding to watching.

[@TheKopakah]

If you couldn't understand the equation, you couldn't have understood the explanation leading up to it

[@niksa28]

It's nothing complicated, everything has it's resistance, inductance and capacitance. It just happens that inductors have much inductance and usuallly little capacitance except for Tesla bifilar, and vice versa. Whereever you got capacitance and inductance you got a resonator, energy oscillating between these two kinds of energy storage at certain frequency determined by the values of L and C. XL= 2πfL XC= -1/2πfC F = 1/2π√LC

[@xorbe2]

The cover at the tip with the hole, can I get some details on what and why? The actual antennae bonded to the cavity sits behind that, if I understand correctly.

[@iglives8572]

And I still dont know how a magnetron works. I think there's a few subjects ill need to learn first

[@BlueprintScience]

After University Physics II, you should have enough background to know 90+% of everything I mentioned herein. P.S. Some universities do it differently - I' m referring to the electromagnetism focused physics course; usually sophomore year of college.

[@niksa28]

You don't need university, it is FAR better to self educate.

[@mrmadmaxalot]

I just found this channel and while I can't say what it is about it, I must say none the less that I really like your presentation. Subbed. :)

[@miro2424]

Remember, stay out of the way from the pink danger!

[@godhatesmath7781]

I don't know how old u are fella but u have a gift for explaining some rough topics.

[@sanjeevsingh-nh4xj]

never seen someone teaching wrong rule with that confidence bro 😂😂 1:55

[@BlueprintScience]

I've heard that one before. It's actually not wrong. The RHR simply represents the cross product of ILxB. Even if it were wrong, this process is totally symmetrical and would merely depend on your frame of reference.

[@qps9380]

I don't think it's wrong. Have a look at this video by our lord and saviour ElectroBOOM. kzbin.info/www/bejne/hHu1dZair85ojMk

[@barryburke5782]

My GE Profile Microwave worked for about 5-7 seconds then shut off. Further exam revealed burning/sparking in HV Inverter/Transformer. Digital continuity checked OK for all door switches, primary thermostat, shut off fuse, etc. Replaced Transformer with new part. Everything worked fine except 'No Microwave Heating'. Next, replaced Magnetron and Relay Switch on the circuit board. Everything worked fine except 'No Microwave Heating'. Magnetron humming seems normal! Cleaned mica wave board inside of unit, no sparking here. Can anyone advise what the problem may be. Again, everything worked fine including settings for time, power levels, clock, etc. when started up except 'No Microwave Heating'. Last resort before dropping out to the curb for the landfill! Any ideas greatly appreciated! HELP!

[@doknosee7053]

Cousin of Megatron?

[@davidsirmons]

hahaha, nice!

[@rhynpengdaden1617]

nop, its voltron haha

[@rehaandelmotra9686]

it should be the fleming's left hand rule and middle finger points current and index points mag. field

[@BlueprintScience]

Are you for real? May I urge you toward this video that I made just for the occasion... kzbin.info/www/bejne/sITIg3SaZ5t9j7c

[@sciguy3128]

Nice video.

[@theautodidacticman_]

What’s the name of that die grinder lock you engaged on the cutting wheel?