Bogleheads 3 Fund Portfolio - The Ultimate Guide

Get this portfolio here: optimizedportfolio.com/go/bh-3...
The Bogleheads 3 Fund Portfolio is probably the most popular lazy portfolio out there. In this video we’ll take an in-depth look at what it is, why you'd want to use it, its historical performance, and how to build it with low-cost index funds.
// TIMESTAMPS:
00:00 - Intro
00:26 - What Is the Bogleheads 3 Fund Portfolio?
01:54 - Why Index Funds?
05:00 - Bogleheads 3 Fund Portfolio Benefits
09:29 - Choosing Assets and ETFs
09:55 - Why International Stocks?
12:33 - Bonds
13:13 - Why No International Bonds?
14:39 - Bogleheads 3 Fund Portfolio Portfolio Performance
15:28 - How To Build the Bogleheads 3 Fund Portfolio with ETFs
// SUMMARY:
The Bogleheads 3 Fund Portfolio is arguably the most popular lazy portfolio.
“Bogleheads” are followers of the advice of the famous Jack Bogle, founder of Vanguard and the father of index investing. The Boglehead philosophy is:
Develop a workable plan.
Invest early and often.
Never bear too much or too little risk.
Diversify.
Don't try to time the market.
Use index funds whenever possible.
Keep costs low.
Minimize taxes.
Invest with simplicity.
Stay the course.
The Bogleheads 3 Fund Portfolio is a simple portfolio comprised of 3 broad index funds - a total U.S stock market index fund, a total international stock market index fund, and a total U.S. bond market index fund.
Taylor Larimore, “King of the Bogleheads” and co-author of The Bogleheads Guide to Investing and The Bogleheads Guide to the Three-Fund Portfolio, succinctly summarizes the benefits as follows:
No advisor risk.
No asset bloat.
No front running.
No fund manager risk.
No overlap.
No sector risk.
No style drift.
Low tracking error.
Above-average return.
Simplified contributions and withdrawals.
Consistency.
Low turnover.
Low costs.
Maximum diversification.
Portfolio efficiency.
Low maintenance.
Easy to rebalance.
Tax efficiency.
Simplicity.
A one-size-fits-most 80/20 allocation for the Bogleheads 3 Fund Portfolio is:
60% total US stock market
20% total international stock market
20% total U.S. bond market
Using Vanguard ETFs and mutual funds, that means:
60% VTI or VTSAX
20% VXUS or VTIAX
20% BND or VBTLX
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#lazyportfolio #3fundportfolio #bogleheads
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Disclaimer: This is not financial advice, investing advice, or tax advice. The information presented is for informational, educational, and entertainment purposes only. Investment products discussed are for illustrative purposes only. It is not a recommendation to buy, sell, or otherwise transact in any of the products mentioned. I always attempt to ensure the accuracy of information presented but that accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Do your own due diligence. All investing involves risk, including the risk of losing the money you invest. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Opinions are my own and do not represent those of other parties mentioned. Read my lengthier disclaimer here: www.optimizedportfolio.com/te...
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[@OptimizedPortfolio]

What do you think of the Bogleheads 3 Fund Portfolio? Invest in it here: optimizedportfolio.com/go/bh-3-fund

[@surfrduede]

This is now THE reference video for the BH 3 fund. Thanks John!

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Thanks, David!

[@Parrot_vr-g5d]

Thanks you’ve basically done a lot of hard work reading the boggle heads books and distilling it into these videos, and you have done this for free (apart from your KZbin revenue of course 😊)

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Thanks for watching!

[@andrewvillanueva8933]

Fantastic video. Great explanation and breakdown. Subscribed immediately after.

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Thanks, Andrew!

[@TJ-Stackin]

Brilliant video, brother! I'll share with fam and friends!

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Thanks, TJ!

[@ehochmuephi8219]

Thank you very much for that insight and the amazing effort. I will watch this video again sober, but it somehow is the first finance video I am whatching where I am actually buying what you're saying. Gonna do my own research after this but thank you so much for pushing me in this direction. Great stuff!

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Hah I'll take it. Thanks.

[@ehochmuephi8219]

My pleasure and thanks for the reply! I never thought I would be looking up this bad boy: Vanguard LifeStrategy 80% Equity UCITS ETF Accumulating You Bogleheads are fascinating creatures with fascinating ideas ... I am intrigued. ;)

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

@@ehochmuephi8219 Welcome to the club! 😎

[@HamiltonRb]

I'm not sure what the symbol is in the US, but in Canada you can buy VGRO or VBAL, depending on your risk tolerance. They are both by Vanguard, with very low fees, diversification of global stock & bonds in a single etf, and they rebalance for you twice a year. It simply doesn't get easier.

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Thanks for sharing!

[@Savsal12]

Thanks for putting in the time and work for this video it’s a great video and the content is really good.

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@mb1407]

Awesome delivery, my man!

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Thanks!

[@ml5632]

Incredible Video. Thank you

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Thanks!

[@lbird2]

Excellent explanation. Thank you.

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Glad it was helpful!

[@J-YouTube324]

Thanks. I'm still not totally convinced on international stocks but I'm about to watch your video on that! Great, easy to understand content on this channel!

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Thanks! Hopefully I can convince you. ;)

[@willbobig]

This video is exactly what I needed. The 'youtube' portfolio of SCHD/SPY/QQQ is absurd and unfortunately makes a strong recency bias claim. VTI/VXUS/BND & DONE.

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Agreed! 🙌 Glad you found it useful!

[@peterlanger2975]

I would appreciate your thoughts on this 3 fund variation that would take into account a factor tilt for a 60-40 portfolio. AVUS for US stocks, AVNM for international stocks and either BND or AVIG for bonds. For that matter, what's your view on a 1 fund portfolio like AVMA? Thank you and I really like your website!

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

I like it, Peter! Basically a slightly factor-tilted 3-Fund. I haven't looked into AVMA yet.

[@JohnnyFlips]

SOLID VIDEO!

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Thanks!

[@smalltalk.productions9977]

Thank you for the effort and sharing. I am an appreciative subscriber. My only question: BND for bonds rather than short & intermediate Treasuries? Thumbs up.

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Thanks! BND for the sake of simplicity in this video and because it's the default Boglehead rec so I decided not to get too in the weeds on it.

[@randomjoe1131]

Great vid! What are your thoughts on a factor tilted boggle head portfolio?

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

That's what I do.

[@NivHaramati]

Thanks for a great video! Question: Why use separate ETFs for U.S and Ex-U.S. ? Why not just have VT or AVGV or other globally diversified fund (and add the bonds ETF)? VT is slightly more expansive by a few points (0.07% currently if I'm not mistaken) , but will automatically reflect the true aspect ratio of US/WORLD by market cap without you worrying about it, and is much more agnostic as a buy, hold and forget tool.

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Most like to dial in their own manual ratio of US to international. It also allows for more tax loss harvesting in taxable space.

[@TyGuyTV]

I love this video, it goes a great job explaining the 3FP and adds a lot of additional value. One thing I would like to know more about, is the philosophy for what type of accounts to use this strategy within for tax purposes. Thanks!

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Thanks! It's suitable for all account types. You could be slightly more tax efficient in taxable space by using a treasury bond funds instead of total bond market.

[@TyGuyTV]

@@OptimizedPortfolio So would you say that it's best to invest in this type of 3FP in a IRA/401k -- max them out and if you have any investable income left over in the year add it to the same strategy in a brokerage? I'm looking to open some accounts with Vanguard this week to start my 3FP journey and want to make sure I'm doing so within the proper accounts for the best long-term returns/tax advantages :)

[@TyGuyTV]

@@OptimizedPortfolio So would you say the best bet is to max out the IRA, then max out the 401k with this strategy before even thinking about continuing it into a brokerage account? And then keep the same allocation across all accounts?

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

@@TyGuyTV Depends on your personal goal(s), potential short term liabilities, etc. and how you want to manage allocations across accounts. But yes generally speaking it's usually best to max out tax-advantaged space first.

[@ICThruU]

Do you recommend an equal weighted total stock fund or s&p fund to avoid the 30% concentration in the magnificent seven diminishing diversification?

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Probably wouldn't hurt, but also might not help much. I talked about RSP - equal weight S&P 500 - a while back here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/bXXXfWeVrtaAsLM

[@PixilEyes]

85% VT, 10% AVDV, 5% AVUV here. Boglehead with a slight small cap value tilt.

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Awesome!

[@ElcapTrading]

Thanks for this! Quick question: Can I use the same 3 fund portfolio in my HSA, Solo 401k and Roth IRA?

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Yep!

[@robertgadawski7298]

Great video. One question. The video you did a few years back mentioned the advantages of treasury bonds over a total bond fund. Have your recommendations changed in regards to the bonds? Thanks.

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Thanks! No change; still prefer treasuries over corporates.

[@robertgadawski7298]

@@OptimizedPortfoliothank you!

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

@@robertgadawski7298 Anytime!

[@realmisr]

Thank you! Can you please give a fidelity version of these picks?

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

You can buy the funds I mentioned at Fidelity. Or see my video here for Fidelity funds: kzbin.info/www/bejne/rHmmq2uXasikopo

[@dividendfire855]

I have a question about your Ginger ale fund. Do you rebalance your portfolio and if so how often ?

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Roughly annually.

[@TheCodesterr]

I’ve been investing in a Target Retirement Fund and VTSAX in a Roth, and Target Retirement Fund in 401k. Should I pull out of the TRF and invest in the other two? Can/should I do the same with 401k?

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Your target date funds likely hold some variation of a total international stock market fund and a total US bond market fund inside them already. I'm a big fan of TDF's for someone who wants to be completely hands off. So I'd say maybe check what exactly is inside each TDF and then decide.

[@robdgonz4569]

Which fidelity index funds would be similar to the detailed 3 Vanguard Funds

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/rHmmq2uXasikopo

[@januelespinal6328]

Does van guard target date index funds do the same as the 3 portfolio but simpler

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Basically, yes, but of course you lose the ability to dial in specific allocations for int'l and bonds, as well as bond type and duration.

[@Jpsantos94]

Do you have any info or research on boglehead vs value/dividend investing? I like vti and vxus, but knowing most stocks underperform, I'm wondering if there are screening processes that can help weed out those poor performers. I hear Avantis does this by using the value premium, but I'm still really new to investing and would love to see someone explain this to me.

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

First, Value and div investing aren't the same thing. Secondly, yes Value has outperformed historically but hasn't done great in recent years. Only time will tell. Yes, Avantis jointly considers Value and Profitability. I've got a video covering some of their offerings and methodology.

[@thanhdang2546]

International bonds lower the return. Bond return is equal to current yield. US bond yield is 4%, Eurobond yield is 2-3%, and Japanese Bond is 1%. Emerging market bonds are worth looking at, according to professor Burton Malkiel.

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

To be clear though, this particular portfolio does not prescribe international bonds.

[@osn19]

Could you please make a video of BND vs TLT for diversification benefits ?

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Thanks for the suggestion!

[@osn19]

@@OptimizedPortfolioThanks, really love your content and dedication

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

@@osn19 Thanks! :)

[@cryptomancer.]

Thanks for the informative (and well edited) video! Would it be possible for you to provide information about what the best European equivalents of these funds are for a European citizen who is not able to directly invest into something like a Vanguard fund due to regulations? I mean for instance ishares core s&p 500 instead of VOO but for VTI, VXUS, BND

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Thanks! Sorry, I'm not at all familiar with the options for European investors. If you just mean other US-domiciled ETFs from iShares, they may be mentioned on my list here: www.optimizedportfolio.com/etfs/ Or you could possibly just Google "European equivalent of VTI" or something along those lines.

[@cryptomancer.]

@@OptimizedPortfolio thank you very much! yes I'm researching them on my own as well, just wanted to ask for some additional advice :) the link might already come in handy

[@Ehhhh123]

Hi, what would be the best way to mirror and replicate VT/VTWAX with VTI/VXUS if i dont have access to VT in a 401k?

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Current weights are about 60/40 but that shifts.

[@NewYork10280]

Thanks for the info. You mentioned you have a 50/50 allocation of US/Int'l - does that mean you only invest in two funds?

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

I have a few more funds for a small cap value tilt.

[@NewYork10280]

@@OptimizedPortfolio Inquiring minds want to know...

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

@@NewYork10280 www.optimizedportfolio.com/ginger-ale-portfolio/

[@user-ps1ie5xx5y]

is it worth it to consider bonds that much , even at all if ur event horizon is 30+ years?

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

As usual, depends on one's need, capacity, and tolerance for risk, as well as what you mean by "worth it."

[@foodguy3435]

For bond allocation and interest rate risk, would it make sense to put half of the bonds in tips etf’s?

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

I'm of the mind nowadays that TIPS probably don't make much sense until retirement or for a short-term liability, as stocks tend to be the best inflation "hedge" over the long term.

[@spykex9467]

I'm thinking about using mutual funds in my Roth Ira (I have Schwab). Would SWTSX/SWISX/SWAGX accomplish this, or would you still go ETFS (VTI/VXUS/BND). I would use the mutual fund version of Vanguards, but Schwab charges a fee.

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Mutual funds would be fine, though I don't know the specific tickers you mentioned off the top of my head.

[@spykex9467]

@@OptimizedPortfolio thank you for the response! Apologies for the not elaborating I didn't want to make the comment too long. SWTSX (total us market) | SWISX (international market) | SWAGX (bonds) - I read that selecting vanguard mutual funds would occur a fee through Schwab, so I selected the Schwab version of the Boglehead concept that you explained in this video. I have been debating between this approach and Schwab's target date fund, but I feel like this will outperform and I don't mind doing the allocations on my own. But that has been my biggest source of conflict is deciding on either of the 2 approaches.

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Anytime! All good. I assumed those were what those funds were, but I didn't really have the time (or desire) to look them up. Maybe choose the approach you feel most comfortable with at the moment and if that changes later, you can always switch with no tax consequences.

[@spykex9467]

@@OptimizedPortfolio thank you!

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Anytime!

[@鱼眼儿看美股]

I am using 40/40/20 ratio for 401k account and rebalance every quarter.

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Thanks for watching!

[@mattinterweb]

My main concern as a 50 yr old setting up a 20 year investment plan is the large amount of bonds in this portfolio when they have performed so badly for the last decade. I understand the importance of diversification, but the uncorrelated benefits have come into question in recent times to.

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Sounds like recency bias at its finest. Don't forget to check your biases: kzbin.info/www/bejne/rpi6iqmMnc5_aqc

[@anthonys5568]

Are your stats for international market performance correlated to exchange rates against the US Dollar? The last time international funds were attractive was when the US Dollar was very weak -- as the value gain was primarily due to the decline of the US Dollar and the re-conversion of foreign denominated shares to US Dollars. As the US Dollar began to advance, the gain in the foreign fund disappeared.

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Not sure. Maybe I'll check into this. Thanks.

[@doomshallot4203]

can you please do a video on US bonds versus World bonds? I'm a world bond investor, but I'd like to hear the benefits/backdraws of US vs world. I'm still not convinced by an only US bond portfolio.

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Thanks for the suggestion!

[@luisgracia6050]

How would you alter this in a taxable account?

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

I wouldn't.

[@luisgracia6050]

@@OptimizedPortfolioyou would have that bond fund in it? Not a municipal or something like that. Thank you for the quick reply!

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

If one's goal(s) and strategy warrant bonds in taxable, then sure. Treasuries would be marginally more efficient than total bond market. But don't let the tax tail wag the strategy dog. Munis typically only benefit very high income earners.

[@user-bk6ob4fu5r]

I have 100 thou in retirement goin up 7 per cent a year but im 50 years old cant get till i 65.... question should i smash that or put some in s and p 500

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

I can't provide personalized advice here.

[@alisonbaxter7485]

Would this work for a 90 year old? If so, what is your recommended asset allocation? I’ve just discovered all the hidden fees in my dad’s brokered account. I can’t believe how much of his money has gone to fees and commissions over the years. He wouldn’t need a broker if he could simplify his portfolio. Better late than never!

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Thanks for the question and comment, Alison! The fundamental ideas underlying the Bogleheads 3 Fund Portfolio like broad diversification, simplicity, and low fees are great for anyone of any age, so yes, definitely, though the allocation would likely look very different from what I proposed as the one-size-fits-most 80/20. I can't provide specific, personalized advice here, but depending on the particular goal(s) of the individual, it would probably include a heavy allocation to bonds, those bonds would be short-term treasuries, and the stocks piece would be much smaller. Consider seeking out a fee-for-service fiduciary advisor and just pay them for 30 min. to an hour of their time to recommend a specific allocation.

[@alisonbaxter7485]

Thank you so much for your response and the excellent information provided in your video!

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

@@alisonbaxter7485 Anytime!

[@QuadTap]

60/20/20 ITOT/SCHD/IXUS ... I replace bonds with a dividend ETF... I just can't bring myself to "invest" in government debt

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Bonds and a dividend ETF are not at all the same thing.

[@QuadTap]

@@OptimizedPortfolio Yes, I know. But I will die on this hill.

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

@@QuadTap Weird position IMHO, considering we literally use short-term gov't debt as the "risk-free asset" to which we compare others.

[@QuadTap]

@@OptimizedPortfolio bond ETFs weren't very risk free recently... I hedge the volatility with other non-brokerage assets. Things that are completely uncorrelated and don't even mark the market often like farmland. I just hate bonds. I'll hold schd forever and I would sell the bonds if they started losing money. So regardless of academically what is correct. I know that behaviorally bonds and me are like oil and water.

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

@@QuadTap Appreciate that I said short-term* bonds aka T-bills. Longer bonds are another story. Fair enough. I suspect you may be in for a rough time when entering retirement with zero bonds, though.

[@user-mg8pw1rt3x]

How 35%VT 35% AVGV 30% VGLT ??

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Might be good if one has a long horizon and wants a pretty significant tilt toward Value stocks.

[@stevencrook2514]

Each super power usually lasts 250 years. USA 250 year run ends soon. They're in decline and have runaway inflation and debts in the trillions. At some point they will go the way USSR went. Maybe it'll be more like the British empire, a slow grind to insignificance. This makes me sceptical of investing traditionally over the next 20 years. Hopefully the boglehead approach works out for me.

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

What do you mean specifically by "investing traditionally?"

[@randomjoe1131]

Why 80/20 US - international vs using the actual weight which is closer to 60/40?

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

I explained that in the video.

[@ajaudehprincenwabuezestanl6063]

I'm 54 and my wife and I are VERY worried about our future, gas and food prices rising daily. We have had our savings dwindle with the cost of living into the stratosphere, and we are finding it impossible to replace them. We can get by, but can't seem to get ahead. My condolences to anyone retiring in this crisis, 30 years nonstop just for a crooked system to take all you worked for.

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Indeed

[@jamesmorris913]

Good presentation..However, I'm still not convinced that international equities are necessary, or even desireable. Especially, since this was the conclusion of the ORIGINAL "Boglehead", Jack; HIMSELF. Not to mention..if you look at a twenty year chart of VTSMX (U.S) vs VGTSX (non-U.S.) the final cumulative annual averages are not even CLOSE. Foreign stocks, have quite simply; HORRIFICALLY underperfomed U.S. In fact, to such a degree (especially since about 2013) I have to wonder if foreign markets will EVER catch-up, in the remainder of my lifetime!

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Thanks! So authority bias is not a substantive basis for an argument to begin with. Bogle's reasons for avoiding int'l were objectively terrible and basically amounted to "the French are lazy." Ironically, he would have had higher returns over his investing horizon had he invested globally. I'd encourage you to go watch my video on international diversification and hopefully I can convince you: kzbin.info/www/bejne/nJ7Li5VmnbR3hNE

[@koufax174]

50% SCHD, 40% VOO, 10% QQQM age 60

[@stvartak7164]

No international stocks? No bonds?

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Thanks for watching!

[@martinlutherkingjr.5582]

12:45 What bonds beat the US stock market from 2000-2020? Rofl

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Long treasuries. Total bond market. Take your pick. Not sure why you think that's a "rofl." You can easily backtest that claim yourself. If you're too lazy to do that and you don't want to take my word for it, here's the NYT on the subject: www.nytimes.com/2020/05/01/business/bonds-beat-stocks-over-20-years.html

[@martinlutherkingjr.5582]

@@OptimizedPortfolio TLT is up 16% since 2002. The data doesn’t go further back, what ticker are you referring to for bonds? Since January 2000, QQQ is up 400%. Does your calculation include taxes? What tax bracket?

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

@@martinlutherkingjr.5582 Nope again. First, I said 2000-2020, not 2002-2024. Specificity matters with this stuff. Secondly, TLT is up 137% since 2002 (going into 2024 YTD). Sounds like you may be looking at price return only? Not sure. 16% is wildly wrong. Lastly, QQQ is not the total US stock market. But even using QQQ is basically the exact same result for that period due to the harsher tech bubble crash it experienced in 2000 versus the broader market. Over the stated period, QQQ was up 280% while long bonds (e.g. VUSTX) were up 355%. I don't have time to go back and forth running backtests. Best of luck.

[@martinlutherkingjr.5582]

@@OptimizedPortfolio What resource are you using for your back testing?

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

​@@martinlutherkingjr.5582 Previously PortfolioVisualizer before they implemented the new 10-year limit on free plans. Now testfol.io the past week or so. Finominal might be a good alternative too. I'm still playing with a few to see what I want to go with going forward. The PV thing is very new. I might just end up doing a paid plan with them.

[@riverdogsavioroftheunivers978]

You survived

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

Always.

[@AdolfMitler-ch8ns]

Cliff 🎶?

[@OptimizedPortfolio]

What

[@rheechashaipu1927]

It's not that long of a video.