Soil and Soil Dynamics

[@Tdavefnm]

sums up my whole semester in 9 minutes on soil science.

[@maryamalisworld]

chuchu tv

[@kiyavance]

Semester? We went over this in like 4 weeks

[@innerash_]

SEMESTER?! we did ours in like 2 weeks and my brain hurts.

[@kimberlymaxey4349]

Doesnt materits wrong and incomplet

[@Willwrz]

@@innerash_ 2 weeks? my apes class went over this in like not even a whole class.

[@MKTV77]

Dr. Andersen, I still remember watching your video lecture series on AP Biology from my junior year in high school. Four years later I'm in college taking a very challenging course in soil sciences, and I managed to find this video where you clearly and concisely reviewed many of the major topics in the course. I just want to thank you for all of your efforts to support open source education, and for being such a good teacher. Thanks, -Mike

[@keeganclonch4911]

Michael Mayfield I’m in sixth grade lol

[@tylerrachko6239]

@@keeganclonch4911 Same STG Termless

[@moonshot3159]

bro he's not doctor andersen he's mr. andersen

[@thetitan8642]

@@moonshot3159Hello!

[@dicygirl03]

Mr. Anderson is the reason I was able to get my undergrade. I love these videos and how he breaks everything down and explains topics so clearly. I am able to not only understand but absorb the material. You are the best teacher!!

[@OliverLower]

A clearly explained presentation which was easy to understand. Thank you

[@Bozemanscience1]

+Oliver Lower Thanks so much.

[@michaelmead2496]

As a Certified Crop Adviser with a Masters degree in soil science and 40 years of experience, this is the best 10 minute video I've ever seen on basic soils. Great Job Mr Andersen!!

[@pluckyfella7]

6:02: “What is the perfect soil? Well, if we have about 20% clay and we have about 40% of sand and [40% of] silt, we have what is called a loam”. Ah, yes, Horticulture wisdom like lovely music to my ears lol. And good Soil Science stuff ; may I please commend you Paul Andersen courtesy of Bozeman Science. A wonderful video, thank you. Sorry for the length, but this is something useful that I have learned from my Horticulture studies, that others might find helpful to solve a soil texture problem that they may have. Medium Loam IS the best soil, in retaining a temperate amount of water yet drains any excess, always moist but well-drained, has the right cosy conditions for the soil food web to drink water, breathe air, and eat humus, retaining nutrients without leaching due to rainwater just flushing through, has just the right balance of airpores, waterpores and micropores, to make this soil an absolute pleasure to work with, with the least maintenance and the least work, no-dig, chlorine-free watering, no -icides of any kind, all organic, having dozens of earthworms, with abundant fungi and bacteria to counteract pathogenic bacteria and fungi that causes diseases. It also provides the loveliest home for ground beetles and rove beetles, ladybirds and lacewing larvae to live to eat up all of your pests. Adding 5% of the soil's volume as compost helps the crumby, granular structure as well, besides inoculating or feeding the soil food web, though one can add a 1 inch layer of compost once a year. Like humans, plants need to breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide but stuck in the soil, thus air must be able to enter the soil, and for most of the carbon dioxide to exit the soil without being trapped and thus poisoning the soil and its creatures, though some carbon dioxide is converted into carbonic acid H₂CO₃ to aid in releasing minerals. That is the very first golden rule of Horticulture that I learned in my classes for my Level 2 diploma. The 40-40-20 law. It is also called Medium Loam because it is right in the middle of a circle of Clay Loam at 12 o'clock, Silty Clay Loam, Silty Loam, Sandy Loam, Sandy Clay Loam on the Soil Triangle chart; and also because it is midway between light (sandy) and heavy (clay), and is the happy medium as per the Law Of Temperance, no deficiencies, no excesses, temperate. Yes, as the video says : Forget working with heavy clay ; it is no fun, which I know firsthand, and you don't have to suffer the hard way when your spade is working with sticky clayey soil that might just as well be setting glue lol. It is good and wise, though sometimes difficult, to temper your soil texture, to change it to Medium Loam, harder to do in larger areas, but doable with some effort and patience. Here is how to do it: ● Find out how much sand, silt, and clay that you presently have in litres, from ascertaining your texture percentages from a combo Jar Test/ Hand-test. ● Find out how much sand, silt, and clay that you SHOULD have in your soil in litres by 40-40-20, taking into account the amounts you already have in the soil. ● Add the deficits in litres to your soil. For example, let's say that you have a bed or border of 6 feet long by 3 feet wide. Suppose you have 38% sand, 32% silt, and 30% clay. You want 40-40-20. Thus this has too much clay though, not good, sticky and gets waterlogged fairly easily. I normally use 7 inches as a general depth, but we'll use 6 inches for our illustration. You use inches to convert into litres later. Convert 6 feet and 3 feet into inches respectively. Let's select a depth of say 6 inches. 72" x 36" x 6" = 15,552 cubic inches = convert into litres = 254·85 litres ; that is that bed's volume as a whole. 45% is the mineral part comprising of the sand, silt and clay; 5% is the compost. In our illustration, with 38% sand, 32% silt, and 30% clay, the present amounts would be 43·58 litres of sand, 36·70 litres of silt, 34·40 litres of clay. (254·85 litres x 0·45%) x 0·38% sand = 43·579. Our soil in our illustration should have 45·87 litres of sand, 45·87 litres of silt, 22·94 litres of clay. (254·85 litres x 0·45%) x 0·40% sand = 45·873 litres. Required amount minus current amount = amount to add. RA - CA = AA. 45·87 litres of required sand amount - 43·58 litres of sand = add 2·29 litres of sand. 45·87 litres of required silt - 36·70 litres of silt = add 9·17 litres of silt. No need to add any clay here; adding the deficits of the missing elements makes the clay 20% by proportion anyway. You don't count what you have an excess of OK? Just add the deficits. Be aware of say 90% silt with 10% clay; you will need to add more silt to 100% and another 10% sand to counterbalance the 10% clay to 40-40-20. As for the compost, that works out as 254·85 litres x 0·05% = 12·74 litres of compost. After adjusting your soil, adding a handful of montmorillonite or vermiculite clay with your 5% compost helps improve the CEC. Beware of the erroneous myth of "forming concrete from changing your texture in adding sand and clay" as it takes a special kind of sand or builder's sand mixed with a special mixture of cement, usually Portland Cement, to make concrete, as most sands cannot make concrete. So long you have 40-40-20, not using building sand, it will not form concrete OK? More than 50% silt and very low clay can form a hard paste that resembles concrete blocks, but that is way too much silt anyway. Horticultural /natural sand and natural silt doesn't form concrete. Getting the sand is relatively easy ; you can buy clay as pellets from amazon or a nursery or naturally if legal; but getting the silt can be quite difficult, unless you can find a gently-sloping high riverbank of a tidal river coming in/out from/to the sea at low tides at quarter-moons with pure silt or mostly silt and lawfully dig up shallow spadefuls along a span without any harm to the environment or wildlife, or contact your Internal Drainage Board or local de-silting company to get some (the high tides is replenishing the silt layer anyway). If you do get silt from an inlet river coming in from sea, it may be slightly too salty at first in affecting seed germination and stunting growth, yet adding LIME to the silt and soil in temperate amount will remove excess sodium, say 75-100 grams of lime per square metre. In the UK, some selfish, greedy 'environmental services" idiots wrongly regard silt as "environmental waste" - absolute bullsh, as nature recycles everything, so clean it and re-use the silt for your garden our allotment -- screw the stupid world out of touch with nature. Ask the Environmental Agency of your area for permission if you have to, as sometimes, there is the risk of introducing nasty non-native crayfish eggs or very invasive foreign plants like the Himalayan Balsam laid in the silt, hence in some cases silt needs to be treated silt and/or cleaned silt (just simply heat at 100°C - problem solved). Silt looks grey-yellow on riverbanks in aerial photos, and feels very smooth like flour. Excess silt clogs up rivers, so de-silting companies are always removing silt somewhere, at least in England where I live, if you can obtain it from them, the hard bit being finding it! In the US, the Mississippi River is notorious for its humongous excess of silt. Adding tonnes of compost is only a second-best, imperfect method that is not permanent, very costly, always deteriorating and needs constant replenishing, while it does not change the texture at all, only opening up airpores temporarily as per structure, a depressing fight against nature all the time. Inorganic stuff is permanent ; organic is not, so why go to all the trouble of adding tonnes of temporary compost a few times a year every single year that costs a bloody fortune to make a pseudo-loam on top of crap soil that is practically now the subsoil? It is OK if you are rich and retired though not ideal a method! lol. Charles Dowding must be bloody joking or mad if he expects me to put 680 litres of compost per bed of TWELVE 12' x 4' beds for a 6 inch thick bed of compost EACH for supposed 'organic gardening', for my allotment, costing a grand or £1000 (144" x 48" x 6" = 41,472 cubic inches = 679·60 litres; 680x12 = 8,160 litres), that needs topping up regularly. Sod that; a 'clear solution' it is not. I am not a retired millionaire! In soil microbiology, there's currently too much focus on structure and completely ignoring soil texture, the prime thing. Change the texture. The soil food web really only exists at its very best in Medium Loam anyway. It is best to go for a much more permanent amendment in the long run that you only need to do once, with perfect results with the least work long-term. Apologies again for the length lol. Agape. Andrew.

[@weaksupremacy3799]

This comment is true gold. Thanks for taking your time to post this. ❤

[@nosleepdelirium1214]

8 years later and still THE best videos for a companion for college classes. no nonsense

[@brayne6802]

As an environmental/wetland/soil technician, that was a pretty good intro for people who are interested in environmental science. A great deal of environmental work (both public and private) deal with soils. Some advice for majors... don't expect the job resulting from an environmental science degree to be easy (if it does involve the major). Expect political stress in the public sector, while also enduring both physical and mental stress if you choose to take a job in the private sector. Environmental consultation (and regulation in some instances) is not an easy job... expect to deal with extreme summers, unsatisfied clients/citizens, bugs, some good ole fashion auger digging (in rocks if you are unfortunate), and regulatory grey areas. It is part of the job, however, it is all for the benefit of knowing that what you are doing according to the law (whatever that may be in your state) is sustainable.

[@Bozemanscience1]

+B Rayne Thanks for sharing your perspective. Good ole fashion auger digging with rocks sounds difficult.

[@javierperea8954]

I am afraid that most of agriculture and what we are doing today is not sustainable. We are killing off pollinators by the droves, killing off biology in the soil, getting rid of grasslands and wetlands and forests and jungles. We definitely have a problem with soil sustainability, and if modern agricutlure has it's way we will lose more biology and become more dependent on chemicals and fertilizers.

[@Forevertrue]

Boy did you ruin a good agricultural presentation with BS left wing garbage. Forget politics and ignore the left and get doing what needs to be done. Fool.

[@solk.posner7201]

@@Forevertrue Don't pillock politics into this. This is science, not a left vs right issue. We've reached peak in everything; Peak oil, peak agriculture, peak water usage, peak deforestation, etc, etc. All of this for blind capitalism growth, which is sucking the life out of this planet and leaving harmful waste. The world is gonna collapse, we're on the edge of the descent.

[@MooMooMath]

Another example of why Bozeman Science is so helpful.

[@atifazim5094]

It was not helpful, it was very helpful. My professor explained me this in the class but I didn't understand anything but you made it so simple and easy.

[@aabhablacksheep]

Lifesaving video, I genuinely have not been able to understand ESS at all at school. Even at the SL level, this subject is difficult. Thank you for this video

[@FaZeZombieslayer]

im watching your videos as homework, but i find them quite interesting and cool. way better than school

[@dr.malayakumartripathy4036]

Yaa same !!#

[@jackplatt1456]

Same

[@tirelesssoul8932]

👍👌👌👌 9 mins videos = 90 pages information Clear and good

[@donnareynoldso9027]

Wow

[@Maagpiie]

I am hooked to soil science, I am loving this information and wanted to thank you for sharing!

[@carlinbh27]

That was very helpful, thanks! I'm from Brazil and I'm studyng geography to be a teacher. Thanks for the subtitles in english, It helped me a lot!

[@phox.2234]

oi cara! eu tambem sou brasileiro! moro nos EUA ou USA e falo ingleis.

[@soniagarcia1861]

Finally a clear explanation in only English! Thx a lot.

[@veronicacarvajal4138]

I found your videos in highschool, they helped me through my undergrad and now a post grad. Thank you so much for all you do!

[@derpallardie]

Soil scientist here. Excellent presentation! You mislabeled the directionality of the particle sizes on the soil texture triangle, though, and it's really breaking my brain!

[@wellness285]

Outstanding! researching where to take online classes with this guy!

[@stevenwicks6451]

I would love to know. Did you find anything?

[@b_uppy]

Some points you missed regarding 'perfect soil' AKA topsoil has both healthy biota and a high carbon content. This video seriously needs updating. Might as well include the benefits of rainwater harvesting earthworks similar to what Brad Lancaster does (as opposed to what public works engineers do)...

[@user-zh1hp3mk1c]

you are the best teacher for soil.

[@Abmalik-l6w]

2023 Hats off sir..❤ It is still relevant and benefiting even in the age of chatgpt and bard.

[@alwayswondering4051]

Love this. Nothing as crucial, as complex, or as critical as the very ground beneath your feet. Love it.

[@felixreith9692]

Hi i just wanted to say thank you for this great video! I have to write an essay for environmental engineering on the importance of soils in the ecosystem and treatment techniques for soil pollution and this was a perfect recap over all the different factors that play part in the soil. Definitely will help me! Thank you

[@closkoi491]

Support from Hong Kong🤓this video is so much help for me to clear out the concept of the Geog syllabus in my hometow

[@sheilafocht5648]

Good morning, Marata here!!! Thank you for sharing.

[@theonewiththename5867]

was just sitting in my living and out of nowhere just started thinking about soil and what the heck it actually is, wow this was overwhelming in the coolest way

[@sandeshdeshmukh123]

Best video to summarize the Soils for Env Professionals course, Thanks!!

[@julianacardon8869]

Paul Anderson- you're a great man.

[@larduit]

all the way from my last years of highschool to now writing my bachelors thesis in Biology your videos have achieved in very little time what dozens of teachers and professors have failed to do: make a subject interesting and understandable! many thanks from germany!

[@youarethecauseofmyeuphoria2977]

It’s 2022 and you’re still helping me so so much. Thank you Mr. Andersen!

[@xiiixiiih.16]

I really am learning so much from your channel

[@Elizabeth-dj4ge]

You saved my high school junior year for AP. E.S, Thank you so much I watched your videos for a whole week to accomplish my homework, I even stayed up for 3 nights😂😩.

[@andriod8014]

Eli Giordano if you mind telling, what was your score?

[@thebroomsweepergaming1369]

2:25 *Rock:* Mr.Anderson... I don't feel so good...

[@walkyourpath8340]

You are the Best! A teacher I Never Had.

[@brizeeuk]

This is a brilliant tutorial gave me a better understanding

[@marisolrubalcava7632]

Best Soil Video Ever. Thank you so much

[@MommaKnowsBestest]

This has been so helpful with my family

[@AndyL1014]

you almost finished my uni unit in 9mins thanks a lot, it was very helpful

[@winterbird4069]

Paul, you deserve more credit for the things you do. thank you for all that you've help teach me.

[@lissjohn2575]

You’ve explained the whole chapter of my book in less than 10mins! Thank you!

[@abdellah_elhamidy]

Best explanation ever made

[@sachinkanwat7059]

Superb 😘 briefly explained with super speed .

[@sanatan_yogi_org]

Crisp, Clear & Best lecture on this subject. You are great.

[@MrLuisthecat]

Masterful presentation -- very clear and smooth throughout!

[@kaninma7237]

Excellent video with a high density of information and insight. It bears repeated watching, and it is helping me as I work my way through Brady's "The Nature and Property of Soils." So far, I have nearly finished chapter two while taking extensive notes. This summarizes things well and helps me place things into the a larger perspective more readily. Thank you!

[@taniouzazaza]

Thank you so much for teaching us online! Not only did I learn all I wanted for the exams at uni, but also had fun with it and checked my knowledge in the end. thank uuuuuuu

[@sydneyolp1696]

Best teacher ever!

[@uyenlinhle_linhuyen]

Omg it’s so great. Your lesson help me deal with my homework

[@MakeScienceFun1]

Who said rocks were boring?

[@aryang1232]

me

[@innerash_]

mE

[@dffnotcarmen]

@@innerash_ omg shdjjs armyyy

[@innerash_]

@@dffnotcarmen how did u kno-

[@dffnotcarmen]

@@innerash_ dhsshshsh😗✌🏻

[@nirmal6362]

The best video and explanation.

[@Doitcreative]

Anyone... 2023 is here😢.... Sorry bro... 2024 😅

[@BrittanyaKelly]

2024💀

[@LibertyOn2Wheels]

Ay yo 2024 crowd :’)

[@arrow7496]

Hi

[@deemarie8065]

Lol

[@Bendover12739]

Tf u talkin bout sorry bro 2024?

[@applasamysubbharao2578]

Great. Simply Explained. Thank you very much

[@valentinaa.6059]

Really helpful, you have summarized well what the teacher are trying to explain in two months! excellent more videos pleasee

[@Lynettemagnificent]

Thank you, you just summarized chapter 1 of my text book!!!

[@Raytaotao]

very good illustration!

[@CanbarSom]

this was so helpful mr andresen ,i cann't thank you enough ..

[@ColeB-jy3mh]

Exactly what I was looking for thanks!

[@JonelleNara]

I just watched this for the fun but I enjoyed it and learned so much. Thank you.

[@kimmorgan3227]

Filled in the picture for me of the historical movement and an understanding of CEC. Very good.

[@v.jsteiner833]

wow,so impressive how you can sum up a whole semester really understandable and give a perfect overview!

[@mbahmarijan789]

Thanks for the lesson. Greetings from Indonesia

[@lizlovin]

Your amazing this videos helped me for my geology final

[@mandycolleen123]

Awesome video, you rock!

[@Silent_2880]

Easy explaination . Thank you Professor.

[@samarthseth3826]

an awesome explanation with perfect illustrations and animations

[@almostcompost2285]

Great video! Sorry to be nit-picky, but it is important to distinguish between porosity and permeability. Clay is actually extremely porous, but those pores are not very well-connected to each other, so it lacks permeability. That is why water percolates slower (or not at all) through clay-rich soils

[@catapatata]

Oh, thanks!

[@Him042]

@6:33 I just think San Luis obispo California you should see how beautiful some plots for crops are, they're just a dark rich brown balance

[@interestedineverything1392]

Very comprehensive video, give an idea about many important phenomenons related to soil. Great!

[@nasrollahrajaei6703]

Thank YOU for your excellent explanation!🙏

[@andrewgibbons7465]

This was so helpful, thanks heaps.

[@loole-vt6dk]

Thanks professor lam from somalia you give me good helpful to understand soil formation

[@lesliejandles5794]

Thank you so much, this helped me so very much. ❤

[@brento2890]

Excellent explanation of Soil !!!

[@nothandolourndymazibukor988]

Wow i wish you were my lecturer.. it was very helpful and well explained...thanks Dr Anderson

[@james3374]

Fantastic presentation!

[@tadmarshall2739]

Fast and efficient, thanks!

[@degamahesh550]

really very nice finishing

[@thelegand1]

I’m renovating my garden because there was an 8-10 layer of clay under ~10 inches of top soil, after 2 years the soil has become saturated and is now ruined. I’ve taken all the ruined soil and clay out and I’m now left with a 20 inch excavation plus a soakaway which I have centred in the middle. I’m putting down a layer of drainage gravel on the base and having that channel towards to soakaway, and on top of that premium quality top soil. I’m thinking 8 inch layer of gravel and 12 inch layer of soil with a pourous membrane separating them. Would this be ok to grow grass on? Many thanks

[@mynk9046]

Very well explained. Helped a lot, Thanks.

[@adamk.1044]

Thank you for this video. 🌱

[@allthingsknb]

Excellent Video.

[@kidinPJs]

good video man. keep up the good work.

[@missdaisy6138]

Fantastic explanation of soil dynamics. Visuals are great as well. Thank you very much!

[@chainsawvsgod384]

Really, really good video. Very concise and well explained.

[@amandaebr]

This was so clear and well explained, thank you

[@strider6056]

Very informative presentation. Well done!

[@nazrinrzayeva1120]

he practically summed up what my professor was talking about for more than an hour in 9 minutes

[@BlackTubers]

Great video. About to be assessed on soil tomorrow.

[@theaveragemegaguy]

Quick saying to memorize the soils, Ontario Apples Emphasize Blue Cars Organic (A) Topsoil (E) Alluviation (B) Subsoil (C) Parent Rock

[@sidpatnaik7296]

Lmaoo that makes no sense but its catchy. Nice haha

[@1cleandude]

Awesome brother thanks for your time and expertise!🙏

[@evabriseis5944]

I love your videos. Thorough, simplified, efficient, and perfect visuals. Make more please! :] Thank you!!!

[@MetalMario137]

This is fantastic! I've been learning more about gardening, and this is a great source of information for me to do more research and do some soil experiments. Thank you!

[@CP-nl1uo]

Great channel! That proves internet can be usefull and wonderful. I just want to get know interesting stuffs, for my personal culture. And people like you help me with that. Thank you

[@caitlinlovesya09]

saved my chemistry grade, have my first exam in soils tomorrow, probably gonna help save my soils grade!! thanks Mr. Anderson!! :)

[@Nigoto_Saituri]

This guy is 1000x better than my soul science professor.

[@bharathbharath8342]

I m from India.. u r lecturer are amazing

[@prabhakar7137]

Very good and informative. Could you please suggest some reference books for soil

[@jessewu4528]

Great video, thank you

[@Dispatern]

Excellent overview of soil! Thank you.