BREAKING NEWS - Massive Anglo-Saxon 'Palace' Excavated // Capital of Sutton Hoo's Raedwald?

[@PeteKellyHistory]

Find out more directly from the archaeologists via this amazing on-going series of video lectures:- heritage.suffolk.gov.uk/rendlesham-behind-the-scenes

[@werdw4849]

Thank you for this additional info and your great videos!!! The way you put together your videos with short videos and music and your narration is very well done. Keep up the great work!!

[@006bloody]

Ill second that!! Heck yeah, thank you for the extra information!!

[@draganjagodic4056]

Thank You for the link Pete.

[@muffin6369]

OMG The Sutton Hoo story is incredible. My dream is to visit England. I've been researching, studying and enjoying British history for over 25 years, so when I find a channel that offers great content and a great presentation that's it. Love both your channels especially the Sea People video and The Hittites. Thanks Pete!

[@AnonymousFam3]

I love all your videos. You put the actual "History Channel" to shame

[@PeteKellyHistory]

Thanks fo watching.. actual history is always better than aliens!

[@coolfool64]

As a fan of the channel and someone who grew up in Suffolk, what a brilliant video! Next time I'm in Ipswich I'll be sure to visit the museum and see some of those objects. There's an awful lot of history in the area, some of which would have been lost to coastal erosion. Place likes Dunwich (former capital of the area, all but lost to erosion) have always fascinated me as they likely played a far larger role in this period.

[@PeteKellyHistory]

Thanks for watching. The mystery of Dunwich is a fascinating one. I’m sure I’ll look into it in detail in a future video. Suffolk is a fascinating place.

[@williamcooke5627]

This is an excellent documentary: clear, accurate, and beautifully illustrated. Thanks!

[@PeteKellyHistory]

Thanks very much. Appreciate it

[@schwartzmatthewe]

He's able to be understood unlike Dark5 lol

[@animerlon]

Ditto Was going to say the same, won't bother now. 😁

[@dx4369]

Really enjoyed that, thank you 👍

[@connell212]

Well I'm not sure how great the VDO is... lots of panning shots of fields, artifacts, and then maybe's, and could be's. In the end I'm none-the-wiser. But then again, it could be right.

[@Artur_M.]

Claiming descent from both Caesar and Odin seems totally legit. 😉

[@davidjanbaz7728]

@Eric Ferguson lmao !

[@iforbach4003]

More likely and more realistic than most of the "we wuz kangs n'sheeit" claims made by artificially inflated egos in the modern world.

[@freckleheckler6311]

Ifor Bach how is that so? I haven’t finished the video yet. Could you explain in summary how it wouldn’t be surprising to be directly descended from them?

[@PeteKellyHistory]

The most legit of all !

[@calebwagner5381]

Eric Ferguson it’s crazy how some people like yourself hate Christianity so much that you can’t contain yourself from blabbering about it, no matter how far off topic it is🤣

[@nicholasdalli6303]

I have just read about the Yeavering Palace and to discover that a larger Early Anglo-Saxon example lies in East Anglia and all this research is going on is very exciting. Thanks Mr. Kelly I will keep up with the Suffolk Archaeologists as they produce free lectures.

[@PeteKellyHistory]

Thanks for watching. Appreciate it. They are putting out a fascinating series of live video lectures by the archaeologists who worked on the site. Well worth checking it

[@ChristophersMum]

Great content...the history of the English is being uncovered... and it is fascinating...thank you.

[@PeteKellyHistory]

Absolutely. Thanks for watching !

[@curiousworld7912]

Thank you for the fascinating look at some of these finds. And thank you, also, for referring to this period as 'early medieval' as opposed to 'dark age'. It was a change from the Roman occupation certainly, and it was different from the period following the Norman Conquest; but it's not like the sun went out, or anything - it was just different. And the skill and craftsmanship shown by these objects tells me that life was anything but 'dark'.

[@PeteKellyHistory]

Thanks for watching . Appreciate it. Yep this is an utterly fascinating time. Definitely not dark

[@andybeans5790]

It was dark in the sense that there was a sparcity of literary accounts which were favoured by past historians, archaelogy has brought light to the dark

[@curiousworld7912]

@@andybeans5790 Well, according to Petrarch, anyway. :)

[@catofthecastle1681]

There was a dark period after the ginormous explosion that covered the earth from Krakatoa!

[@crhu319]

It was Dark in the sense that all the major social and technical advances came from places where the people were way darker. Like the whole Islamic world which from 7th to 9th centuries made astonishing advances in scholarship esp math, medicine, astronomy/navigation, book publication and authorship protection in the arts and sciences, universities, the citation index, ecological conservation etc etc In fact the Muslim societies are more advanced in pretty much every way including women's rights until about the Renaissance.

[@elisabethdemoreaudandoy478]

Pete Kelly. I noticed in the art pieces that you show, some interlacings representing variations of a lying eight. I am a Frank, and in the same period, we had the same kind of interlacings designs in Belgium-France-Switzerland-Italy. I researched them and they were already present in the Sumerian art. I personally think they represent the cords which were holding the tents together.

[@FernPotter-wu2ni]

Hi there , dear I really love this mini documentary about the "church" house . Is an interesting milestone ❤

[@hakanpersson6524]

Impressive helmet. Just imagine what the boat in that grave looked like. It probably would have been just as spectacular as those Viking ships they found in Gokstad and Oseberg in Norway.

[@AnnikaLidne]

Interesting on very early Nordic ships: sciencenorway.no/archaeology-bronze-age-ships/was-there-a-viking-age-in-norway--2000-years-before-the-vikings/1698522

[@1gruntusmc]

@@AnnikaLidne Very interesting artical. Thank you! An extensive history of Norse ship building & trade going back to the beginning of the Bronze age. Fascinating research. My genetic makeup includes Saxons & Swedes. Two not too dissimilar peoples after all.

[@Silvanafromchester]

Thank you Pete for your excellent documentaries. I used to live in Chester but now live in Ontario, Canada and my thirst for British history has grown since leaving my dear old land. Although I cannot be there to celebrate these wonderful finds, your uploads are the next best thing and keep me coming back for more. If we don't know where we've come from, how can we know where we're going ? Cheers from Canada 🇨🇦.

[@Cracker78]

Excellent video,very interesting, the connection between Sutton Hoo and the Scandinavian, Swedish people is most intriguing. Thank you, Alan

[@PeteKellyHistory]

Thanks for watching. Yep strong cultural links for sure. Until Christianity came along.

[@ryangerrard4048]

The other countries of the British isles have always had a hatred of England partly because they are more Celtic & we are more Mongrels of Celtic, Saxon, Viking, other European settlements, well this English person is proud of my Anglo Saxon Germanic heritage

[@howardchambers9679]

I'd rather be a mongrel than defeated

[@manfraydayyeah5731]

Bit of a fanciful narrative there, Ryan. As a Scot, I can assure you that nobody sits around up here pouring scorn on you all for your "mongrel" racial heritage. Doesn't happen. And for you information; the Scottish are just as much a "mongrel" nation as the English; Britons, Irish, Angles, Vikings, Normans. We had 'em all here too.

[@deanmorgan7011]

There was no invasion by the anglo saxons, the comet of 562 decimated britain, the saxons walked in to find a people starving and decimated due to the comet, There is no way they would have beaten the Britons, that is why there is no evidence of an invasion, there is a battle site in maesteg south wales called mynydd badon, this is where 30,000 saxons were beaten by 12,000 British,

[@jamesallison4875]

According to ancestry dna, these are my people, minus some vikings and Norman’s. I feel very comfortable with this, plus I love the English weather…haha!

[@BrandonHamer-fm2ez]

​u

[@steveoshow4832]

Anyone noticed that the nosepiece moustache and eyebrows on the helmet are a dragon in flight...? Another nod to the famed winged dragon serpents that are in many ancient civilisations folklore, in Britain’s case it was Wales.

[@steveoshow4832]

@@Perun944 the story of St George actually began back in AD300 in Anatolia (Turkey) he was of Greek origin and served as a soldier in the Roman army. Was venerated as a Saint in circa the 5th century AD. The dragon fable began way later in the 11th century.

[@DoctorStrangeFate]

Love seeing ANYTHING Anglo-Saxon related.

[@PeteKellyHistory]

Same. Plenty more on the way

[@stevetaylor9846]

Likewise. Rather be Anglo-Saxon than Celtic, Roman or, dare I say it, Norman.

[@marian9410]

just come back from a visit to Sutton Hoo. Must go back there to see Rendlesham now after your video. Thank you for the links to videos about that area, will check them out. Very informative and interesting video!

[@calebwagner5381]

I’ve always loved anything history, but lately I’ve been really getting into European history, and this has been the perfect channel for it. Always easy to understand and very interesting, thanks man

[@draganjagodic4056]

Wonderful program. Indeed, respect for the serious, first class scientific work Pete. Thank You for both pleasant and educative content.

[@heatherjohnson9463]

What a well presented video/documentary, so beautifully spoken and as accurate as the evidence has produced, thank you Pete

[@dannyboywhaa3146]

No matter how many times I see that helmet, something wells up and roars inside me. It’s so beautiful, intricate and yet its ceremonial use would have celebrated war/victory! The late Roman cavalry units got the idea from German mercenaries... it’s not a Roman design.

[@Wally-pu2hh]

That's why it's called GER-MANIA 😆

[@dannyboywhaa3146]

@@Wally-pu2hh yes, I’m certainly pretty manic about anything Germanic - oh dear... That’s terrible, nearly as bad as your’s, I do apologise lol 🙈👍

[@juan1946er1]

Kelly, you're one hell of a teacher! You take a subject about which so little is known and develop it into a terrific story that had ties to much of the then known world. I am subscribed, a huge fan of your renowned "Time Team" series, I could do no less when I found you. Keep up the fine scholarly edge you have to your vids and we'll continue to enjoy your hard work.

[@Sidda7]

Love from the US! Thank you so much for the well-done films. You are helping make this history nerds' quarantine so much more bearable.

[@charlene5461]

Another insightful video on the history I am so interested in. So many informative directions and tools I can use to broaden my knowledge of this lost time and history. Thank you for sharing.

[@davidshelow5334]

Very nice presentation, Pete, and very exciting news. Please note however, at 14:00 "magnum opus" is correctly rendered in Latin "opus magnum" noun first, adjective second.

[@manuellubian5709]

11:58 - Is there any indication as to WHY, the great manor house that once stood near the Rendlesham forest was demolished in 1949?

[@trob1731]

Thank you for this channel. It seems the more we learn of Raedwald, the more awesome he was.

[@majiclamp4857]

I've been a JRR Tolkien fan for over 30 years. And watching this video I saw that the anglo saxons, and their language could have influenced the making of the horse lords of Rohan. Everyone attributes his writings from the epic story Beowulf, but I think Mr. Tolkien knew his English history as well. Great piece on early english history.

[@PeteKellyHistory]

Huge Tolkien fan here too. Absolutely he was inspired by the Germanic sagas of old, Anglo-Saxon history, and also Finnish and Scandinavian sagas. Really interesting looking into where he found his inspiration

[@garyhewitt489]

I should hope so, he was a professor of Anglo Saxon with a speciality in Old English.

[@majiclamp4857]

Gary Hewitt my point is, I don’t think Tolkien thought it was a “dark age” in his time

[@garyhewitt489]

@@majiclamp4857 I think your right. He would have been in a minority though. I think the establishment at that time saw themselves as the inheritors of the Christian Roman civilising influence on the world Anything that wasn't Christian or 'civilised' was disregarded. A pagan warrior society that used wooden buildings , how could they be considered civilised ? A bit like the pre Roman society was dissed .

[@adventussaxonum448]

Seeing as all his Rohirrim characters had Old English names, and the snippets of Rohirric language are in Old English, I'd say that's a pretty safe bet. Jackson pays some sort of homage to this in the Two Towers movie. (uncut) where Eowyn sings a lament for Theodred, entirely in Old English.

[@bugsby4663]

Brilliant narration.

[@PeteKellyHistory]

Thanks for watching . Appreciate it. Plenty more on the way

[@steveinthemountains8264]

Thank you for this vid. The Anglo-Saxon era is (to me, anyway) one of the richest, most fascinating periods in human history.

[@andyc750]

excellent, I have a huge interest in this period and particularly the Anglo Saxons, Sutton Hoo is well worth a visit for anyone not having been there

[@rabidspatula1013]

The English side of my family comes from East Anglia so this is pretty cool.

[@curiousworld7912]

One of my favorite towns - and its history - is Bury St. Edmunds. I love to imagine what it was like both before and during the time of the great Abbey.

[@leighstreet8298]

Hi Paul Your from the iceceni tribe. Of queen Boudicca.

[@garyhewitt489]

I was driving through a small village about ten miles NE of Royston as the local school kicked out. It was amazing to see all the kids seemed flaxen blond. Proof I guess a population can stay isolated and unique for centuries.

[@greva2904]

@@garyhewitt489 I remember a documentary about ten years ago where old people in a village in the Derbyshire dales (might be wrong about its exact location) had their DNA analysed and they were almost all still genetically danish settlers from the Viking period. All through the centuries they hadn’t really mixed with the local populations, even though they had no idea they were anything except English.

[@ezzovonachalm7534]

@@greva2904 This is an important communication.A proof that isolation and inbreading may conserve antique genes intact over centuries.

[@TheTowerMacMaolain]

Wow, great work. Thanks. I have been following this story forever and this adds so much and leaves me with other places to explore. Excellent. Bravo!!

[@deanbuss1678]

Bringing up the coolest discoveries! Thanks Pete Kelly ! 👍

[@PeteKellyHistory]

Thanks for watching. You keep watching and I’ll keep making !

[@WoodSprite4ever]

I'm really enjoying all of this new history the archeologists are digging up As a life long student of history I have to say I love your uploads 😍

[@PeteKellyHistory]

It’s an incredible time for archaeology ! Thanks for watching

[@lindainglis8506]

Magnificent Sutton Hoo.

[@PeteKellyHistory]

Amazing place. Amazing artefacts

[@roxiepoe9586]

Thank you. Your hype-free channel is my new favorite place to learn more about things that I like to see.

[@rolandsvolkskunde]

Dear Pete, where did you find that stunning piece of music that begins at 0:17?

[@Meine.Postma]

"East Anglia Kink" I'm imagining now what that could be. I suppose it involves a golden helmet.

[@crhu319]

And gloves.

[@redjulius33]

Amazing! Thanks for the links and for producing this video.

[@Richkandoo]

All so very interesting. Thanks Pete

[@miamidolphinsfan]

Pete your videos are such a joy to watch. thank you !!

[@PeteKellyHistory]

Thanks for watching. Appreciate it

[@christopherskoyles3491]

Great video! I was meant to work on the excavation at Rendlesham this summer as a student, but it was unfortunately called off due to the pandemic.

[@sarahshearer6640]

Oh my more pete kelly.Yay

[@tnticesp]

Extremely interesting. My ears pricked up when you mentioned Prtiilewell, which later grew to be Southend on Sea, which I regard as my home town.

[@steveday60]

Absolutely brilliant presentation! I can't wait for the next installment. Fascinating.

[@PeteKellyHistory]

Thanks for watching. Plenty more on the way

[@johnalbert4789]

This is a awesome discovery! And absolutely beautifully illustrated at its finest...unfortunately it was found at the wrong piece of time to get the fullest recognition that it deserves...hopefully this find will be appreciated to generations to come ..

[@diGritz1]

Most have a complete misunderstanding of what the "Dark Ages" was.

[@ThorfinnMacbeth]

I really appreciate your channels, Pete!

[@michaelhalsall5684]

There is amazingly little information about early medieval Britain available generally. Before the discoveries made at Sutton Hoo that period of British history was written off as a time of darkness and chaos, but these new discoveries have helped change that picture and have increased our knowledge of that era. I'm am throroughly this series on pre- Conquest Britain.

[@garyhome7101]

While we are very fortunate to find what's left of such long ago times, the average person going about their daily business in 650 AD is illusive. I imagine a mostly hard and laborious time was had, farming and attempting to raise a family. But there must have been an "in between" life, where being in service to a lord other than God, but still attempting to raise a family and participate in community existed. Thank you for this documentary!

[@americalost5100]

Thoroughly enjoying these. Thank you.

[@majbrat]

Having just done a DNA ancestry this is really interesting as I have both English and Northern European DNA obviously from peoples that settled in those areas and got to work building my family tree. I will imagine I am related to the kings of course...just for fun, though, who knows. More likely a pub wench ;)

[@philroberts7238]

Quite probably both.

[@catherinesteele598]

Absolutely excellent.Thanks so much Pete🥰

[@maxfox3399]

Enjoyed the video and most of your others. A small request - please try to control your wild impulses re the background music! A bit over the top mon ami.

[@PeteKellyHistory]

This channel exists solely to indulge my wild impulses. There will be no controlling.

[@maxfox3399]

@. Turnock Yep spot on.

[@bunnylover68]

It all looks very Viking to me. Where they able to Dendro date the wood and the site?

[@neilmc250]

Just trying out Magellan TV and really enjoying it! Also love your videos Pete!

[@PeteKellyHistory]

Cheers !

[@zacharyporter5639]

Awesome video. Incredibly interesting information.

[@victoriawhite3662]

If I came back and watched it again a month after first watch, shouldn’t I be able to “like” it twice? 👍👍👍

[@acaydia2982]

That is friggin amazing craftsmanship!😲

[@bremnersghost948]

Nice, Imagine how different the landscape was back then, Looking at Sutton Hoo on Lidar it was practically on an Island, Just a narrow neck connecting it to the mainland, Reminds me a lot of Skipsea Castle in East Yorkshire too.

[@StephiSensei26]

Hi Pete! I'd like to know more about the comparison of Gold / Garnet decorations between those from Sutton Hoo and the Hoard recently discovered in the last 15 years not far from Sutton Hoo. Are the y related? They would appear to be from the materials chosen and the workmanship and detailing.. Do you know if the ongoing investigations have covered this? Love your stuff. Just bought a Hoodie. See you in Valhalla!

[@deanmorgan7011]

The alglo saxons dresswd in bear skins and leather, it was the british who wore armour and helmets, im very skeptical that ghis is snglo saxon, but i really love this channel, the narrator is better than anything the bbc csn conjure up, well done pete.

[@MagnaMater2]

Are these almandine inlaid objects made from Sri Lanca-Almandines, too? I remember hearing lately to my greatest amazement that the Alamannic and Eastern Roman brooches of that time were found to be almandines from Sri Lanca... - that obviously seems to be the closest place to go for some shiningly red stone...

[@billcole484]

I have to say that I wish there were not so much frequently repeated video footage. Surely there are archives Mr. Kelly could mine for more useful and insightful videos. The voiceover too was written more for suspense or for creating interest than actual facts. He should take lessons at the feet of Vindolanda, where there is much fascinating detail.

[@anne-marienordin7636]

Thank you!🌹

[@mayajrj]

@Pete Kelly : Hooked, line and sinker. Just found this channel and what an introduction. Subbed . Thank you

[@Anwyn93]

Great video! Could you tell me what the music is that starts at 9 minutes. Thanks

[@leslieanne7467]

Thanks pete!

[@FromaTwistedMind]

Excellent news. A most excellent video.

[@billcole484]

For just one small example, there are multiple shots of the magnificent Sutton Hoo helmet, but no mention of the possible meanings scholars have found in the helmet's impressive images.

[@PeteKellyHistory]

This is a video about a palace not a helmet. It can’t be everything at once

[@kevatthecabin]

once again a superb documentary Pete

[@elizabethannegrey6285]

18.00 Perishable items have disintegrated, no longer traceable.... Anyone excavating our era will unfortunately find practically nothing perishable. Mountains of plastic,artificial fibre and dangerously radio active weaponry - what a heritage!!!

[@billparker244]

That dude is gonna be PISSED when he gets to the afterlife and realizes his helmet is missing.

[@billythedog-309]

lf his beliefs were similar to Norse mythology he would spend most of his time in the afterlife getting pissed with his mates in some kind of Valhalla.

[@billparker244]

@@billythedog-309 Fighting all day, then party all night in Valhalla. So everyone's gonna make fun of him because he's not prepared.

[@billythedog-309]

@@billparker244 Pissed = drunk.

[@billparker244]

@@billythedog-309 Yes. I was just emphasizing the specific reason why he would be pissed/mad/angry/upset/discontent/flabbergasted/disgruntled/irate/reproached/annoyed/vengeful/unhappy/dissatisfied. I'm American, but I still know Britain and the Commonwealth use the word "pissed" instead of "drunk."

[@billythedog-309]

@@billparker244 Pissed as in drunk is a hundred years older than the US version. Pissed off, now that means less than gruntled.

[@eileenlocke7877]

Thank u Pete love your channels

[@RefereeDahmer]

Love the videos! Loathe the constant interruptions!

[@grahamfisher5436]

I'm from Newark upon trent.. The centre of the Daines 5 county's. we have places named - DAINESTHORPE SAXONDALE . the most Incredible place

[@michaellewis7959]

Great video all around.....but I really enjoyed the old guy dramatisation at 11:04 lol

[@loriomyoreo8224]

Pete Kelly I enjoyed this so! Thank you sir!

[@chubbymoth5810]

Cool! Still so much to learn about history.

[@PeteKellyHistory]

Always more to learn

[@mikemullen1413]

Love to go over there. My maternal lineage is from Lincolnshire traced to around 1400.

[@camcamscrashcourses6223]

Excellent work.made me a subscriber! Thanks!

[@fredbergeron2193]

Keep those coming mate really loved it great freaking work my fav Chanel on youtube 😃

[@jeffyowell]

You do such a wonderful job. Excellent!!!

[@waynehieatt5962]

Excellent Peter, probs your best so far

[@danielcadwell9812]

Isn't Rendlesham the site of some kind of alien encounter at a military base?

[@themaninthecape1887]

Yes I believe it was

[@Benjamin-j5t5u]

I love the history of these islands

[@andydavidson]

the sutton hoo helmet is only a representation of what it might have looked like, what your looking at is the british museums second attempt at reconstructing it. when it came out of the mound 70 odd years ago it was a pile of rusted fragments.

[@roberttreborable]

Excellent documentary... The decorations on the Sutton Hoo helmet, tell me that life must have continued much the same after the Romans left... I'm reminded that in Japan after the fall of the Samurai the craftsmen who decorated their Armour; (The Art of Chokin), had to find a new market for their craft so started putting their designs on fine pottery... So why wouldn't the craftsmen who decorated Roman Armour just continue to decorate the Armour of their new rules....

[@vickilindberg6336]

You're lucky to have rivers that maintain their banks & don't change & wash away history.

[@Seeker386]

I noticed you when you say things with ng on the end, you say it with a hard g sound. Is that something people from your area do?

[@airborneranger-ret]

Very nicely done :)

[@exploringtheancients7240]

This is so amazing!

[@legolasgreenleaf1961]

Hiya pete just wondering if you knew of the hundreds of burial mounds in south wales that remain unexcavated, also the dozens of British fortresses that fail to get a mention anywhere in academia. If its not Roman or Norman it literally gets swept under the carpet. There is a great Saxon and British history there that gets pushed aside in favour of the invaders, never really understood why.

[@ronin47-ThorstenFrank]

Hm, I am the only one that connects "Rendle-" with "Grendel"? After doing some research in the region where I live and the respective changes of names I wonder if there may be connection now. After all, my region is linked to the Sigurd/Siegfried saga*. Hell, I even live in a village that was once called Gundahar´s ridge butchered through the centuries to a name unrecognizale for modern day people. There´s even a place that is linked to the smithy of Weyland/Wieland - but that could be disputed in various ways.

[@ronin47-ThorstenFrank]

@John Ashtone First thank you for the kind words and the interesting answer - while British history isn´t my primary field of interest* currently it´s always interesting to read about it, especially if it´s from this time period. I always think it´s good to give other points of view a chance. To be honest, my post was largely speculative and more curious (and with a hint of humor in it) because names can be very deceptive. And the various Germanic dialects from this time started toget more and more deviant from each other, especially regarding semantics, as far as I do understand it. Speaking of "understanding" I´m always surprised that I get some old Anglo-Saxon texts better than native (modern) English speaker. * I´m currently very interested in the history and cultures of the various cultures of the Eurasian steppe belt. And, of course, my native region (in Germany) with it´s various people living here (Celts, Germans and Romans - and maybe more!) during the migration period and the times before and after. However, given that I found out, through an DNA test, that my family from both sides in relevant parts descends from the British Isles (primarily Kent, Borders and Wales - yes, it´s a wild mixture) I´m very interested on that part too. To be honest, I more and more wonder how mobile and connected people in the past really were.

[@ronin47-ThorstenFrank]

@Michelle Sorry, but Robert Sepehr´s channel don´t even hold the simplest standards. Yes, he seems to research well but he does NOT. And he don´t need to connect any dots for me. I don´t want to sound arrogant here but I do (laymans) research for over thirty years now amd Sepehr can´t fool me. 'BTW, "German" means NOTHING. Every European human has Germanic DNA. Simple fact through the migration period/dark ages. And every European has as well Celtic, Slavic, Iranian (through the Scythians and Sarmatians) and very likely Uralian/Altaic DNA (Magyars and Huns). Roughly a third of the German population has Jewish DNA* intermixed . Or Sinti/Roma - not a handful of Prussian low nobility got landed by Frederick the Great and his successorsand ended up as Prussian low nobility . Sinti and Roma where sought as soldiers. During the same time freed Turkish prisoners of war decided not to return their homes but stayed. The concept of "race" is complete nonsense. The idea of dividing people through their DNA too. The people of the Bronze Age and mobility? Sorry, to break another myth for you - the mobility of the people was Regarding the copper - there are STILL large deposits what is now called Afghanistan. Ever wondered why the Soviet Union as well as the USA fought/fight wars there. Do you think because they wanted to spread ideologies like "communinsm" or the limited American version of "freedom" or that they wanted to catch men with long beards? * I do sometimes wonder what would have happened if the Nazis had won WWII and ended up with our knowledge today. Would they have segrated the population? According to the laws they made themselves and based their ideology on they had to. Or murdering people which supported them or even veterans helping them "winning". This type of ideology is just one thing: total crap! And the people which follow it today, well, they will get their punishment sooner or later. And that´s inevitable.

[@briansmith9439]

Very good presentation of a fascinating topic. When did the definition of what was meant by 'Dark Ages' change? It meant/means a lack of written records. That is why the owner of the Sutton Hoo helmet is not known - no written records. The phrase did not mean anything other than that - the abilities, inventions, progress, artistic endeavors, and innovations of the societies that existed during this period were no less great than those that came before. The absence of written records is why our knowledge remains 'dark' about the details for this period.

[@debbralehrman5957]

Thanks!

[@rogercarter1265]

Have you done a video on the recent finds near Prittlewell?

[@Dstew57A]

Absolutely brilliant