Bucephalus - Warhorse of Alexander the Great DOCUMENTARY

Learn about the incredible story of Bucephalus - Warhorse of Alexander the Great! Claim your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: try.magellantv.com/invicta. Start your free trial TODAY so you can watch "War Horse" about the history of British cavalry forces, and the rest of MagellanTV’s documentary collection: www.magellantv.com/video/war-...
In this history documentary we look at the remarkable story of how a 12 year old boy met a horse and together embarked on a multi-decade adventure to conquer the known world together. We begin by discussing the history of Macedon and its cavalry traditions which gave rise to the units of Companion Cavalry. We then share the legendary tale of how a young Alexander first met and tamed the warhorse Bucephalus. The history documentary then speculates on how they must have trained together while offering small anecdotes by historians of how they built an incredible foundation of trust that would prepare them for the long journey ahead.
When Philip the Second of Macedon is assassinated, Alexander is finally thrust into a position of power and prepares to set off on an expedition against the Achaemenid Empire of Darius. In this herculean task he would be accompanied by his trusty steed, riding the warhorse in every pitched battle from the Battle of the River Granicus, to the Battle of Issus, the Battle of Gaugamela, the Battle of Jaxartes, and the Battle of the Hydaspes. Along the way there would be many stories to tell.
I hope this story about Bucephalus provides fresh insight into the campaigns of Alexander the Great and helps to humanize his otherwise super human story. Be sure to check out the rest of our channel for more animated history documentaries like this on daily life in the past.
Sources and Suggested Reading:
“Philip and Alexander” by Adrian Goldsworthy
“Alexander the Great” by Philip Freeman
"Life of Alexander" by Plutarch
"The Library of History" by Diodorus Siculus
Credits:
Research = Invicta
Script = Invicta
Narration = Invicta
Artwork = Penta Limited
Editing = Invicta
#AlexanderTheGreat
#History
#Documentary

[@Gwynnbleid95]

I never knew Alexander pulled a john wick when his horse was stolen😂 definitely stole the wrong guys horse

[@fartsare2023]

🤣🤣🙏

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ). Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11) The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ... The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks... For example the great Thucydides... Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc! Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great. But who was this woman who is said to have astonished the Macedonian king with her beauty ? I will write based only on facts, that is, on the quotes of famous ancient authors, mainly Greek. ( For me there is one thing in history, which with the facts are not said ... ) According to Plutarch, Alexander was a descendant of Ajax through his father Neoptolemos and this is accepted without discussion. According to Justin, Philip married Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemos, king of the Molosses. All the authors thus agree on the fact that Alexander the Great was the grandson of a Molossian. For those who do not know this tribe (the Molossians), who were they, what territory did they occupy and how were they considered by the ancient authors ? Let us stop for a moment to know more about the tribe of the Molossians from which the mother of Alexander the Great came. To make it simple, the tribe of Molossians is in Epirus somewhere in the region of Chamerie on the back of Thesprotians who dominated the coastal part. In addition to this, the Kaons who were in the south of present-day Albania and who constituted three of the great tribes of Epirus. Historically, tribes like the Molossians or others who composed Epirus like the Kaons, the Thesprotians, the Paraue, the Antintans and others, are historically linked to the Illyrian (🇦🇱) culture or to a part of it. As Thucydides tells us about the events of the Peloponnesian War that involved both actually in reality Illyrians and Illyria itself, these tribes were commonly considered barbarian (non-Greek) tribes. Thucydides: - "Among the barbarians there were about 1,000 Kaons who ruled without a king. Along with the Kaons, the Thesprotians also participated and were also ruled without a king. There were also the MOLOSSIANS, the Atintants and the Paraues. ( HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR ) All these tribes, mentioned by the historian of Athenian origin Thucydides for their participation in the famous Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C., are considered as barbarians, therefore not Greek! ( Thucydides II, 80- IV, 126 ) The Kaons, the Thesprotians of Chamerie, the Arintans and the Parauets constitute the backbone of what one called Epirus. Among them are of course the Molossians where are the roots of the family of the mother of Alexander the Great ! And Thucydides is not the only source which defines the Epirotes as non-Greeks. There are many others! According to the encyclopedia Basic Antiquity, composed of 86 volumes... Pauly Wissowa the Real "Encyclopedia Alterumswissenschaft" says that the Epirotes are of Illyrian origin 🇦🇱 and have strong links with the population of southern Italy! More concise on the issue, the only Nobel Prize in history 🎓 is none other than Theodor Mommsen author of the cycle "Corpus of Antiquity inscriptions" which says that: - "the brave Epirotes, the Albanians 🇦🇱 of antiquity supported with traditional loyalty the young and brave Pyrrhus or "the Eagle" as they called him " . Let us point out on this subject that the Albanians name themselves "Shqiptar", that is to say "sons or children of the eagle". The soldiers of Pyrrhus (3rd century BC / Epirote King), called their King "the Eagle" and that the latter retroqued them one day that they were his "children", so the Albanians are the children of the Eagle ... "Shqiptar = child of the Eagle .... " . (Pyrrhus was the cousin of Alexander the Great, of the Molossian tribe and himself an ambitious conqueror, Pyrrhus is one of the most formidable adversaries of the early days of ancient Rome). Lorenzo Braccesi (Professor of Greek History at the University of Venice, Italy, in 1986) tells us: - "Olympias was originally from Epirus, on the part of the father who was king of Epirus, on the part of the mother also and that Illyrian blood 🇦🇱 circulated in the family, there is no doubt. " ( 9,01- 9,15 . The true story of Alexander the great ... - Gjurmë Shqiptare ) That the Epirotes are or are not Illyrians is a discussion that, from an archaeological point of view, is resolved. The Epirotes and the Illyrians have the same culture, if we consider the Iron Age, the use of tombs, fortifications with several rows of walls, their material culture, the shape of the pots or the ornaments which are identical to those of Korça (current Albania) and religion. Not only ancient authors like Thucydides, Strabo and others have called the Epirotic tribes barbarians (non-Greek) but also later serious publications based on documents and archaeological findings point out the same thing. The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and the sister . The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and sister of another well known Illyrian prince "Alexander the Molossus". I believe that all or part of the strong character of Alexander comes exactly from his mother, from the house that also gave birth to Pyrrhus. The powerful role of women in Illyrian society has been documented by many authors, including those who today identify themselves as Greeks, such as Athenaeus and Theompope. Olympias' influence on her son Alexander was so great. She believed that her son had divine blood and that he was born to rule the greatest kingdom of all time. But the mother's family was not the only Illyrian family to which Alexander was affiliated, his link with the Illyrians was stronger than that!

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = The family of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great. This last, according to the data, had a Macedonian father, but not his mother. She was called Eurydice and came from the tribe of "Lyncestides". Who was the grandmother on the side of the father of Alexander the Great? The mother of Philip is the daughter of the daughter Of Arrhabaeus, daughter of king Sirras, says Strabo. Plutarch is very detailed on this subject. He insists that although Eurydice is Illyrian (🇦🇱) and barbarian in every sense of the word, she was educated to help children. He says very clearly that she is Illyrian, and barbaric in every way. (Plutarch, De liberis educandis. p.69) Lyncestides from where came the mother of Philip II, were a tribe which extended not far from the lake of Ohrid, somewhere in the area of Manastir where the ruins of one of their most important cities are today. (Illyrian, no doubt. It is the last province that has a border with Macedonia) As for whether it was an Illyrian tribe, this is clearly proven by ancient historians and geographers, including Titus Livy, Strabo, as well as Pliny who lists many in detail in the fourth book of the collection of 37 works entitled "Natural History", not to mention the great ancient geographer "Claudius Ptolemy" who also classifies the Lyncestrae among the Illyrian tribes . And the later authors have the same attitude since on several occasions, they mention Eurydice, the mother of Philip II and the grandmother of Alexander, as being illyrian etc...

[@user-dm5kv9gz8h]

@@Universal.. you Albanians today make such propaganda that’s I think even hitler didn’t do.You even make buildings like yours president in neoclassical style in order for you to prove that Greek civ was in fact Illyrian and Albanian later but how you can’t see the obvious that even the name of the scructure has a Greek name.Olympias his mother has the most sacred name she could Olympiad from Olympus and you keep saying that she was Illyrian.Did Illyrians take a part in Olympic Games or Macedonians?How Aristotle communicate with Alexander did he had a translator?Obvious answers only if you are willing to see the truth.Can you name an Illyrian piece of art or script plz say it if you can.

[@Tobbs96]

Bucephalus was - as historians like to say - a really good boy.

[@todorminchev2123]

I feel a Jason Knightsley reference xD

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ). Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11) The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ... The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks... For example the great Thucydides... Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc! Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great. But who was this woman who is said to have astonished the Macedonian king with her beauty ? I will write based only on facts, that is, on the quotes of famous ancient authors, mainly Greek. ( For me there is one thing in history, which with the facts are not said ... ) According to Plutarch, Alexander was a descendant of Ajax through his father Neoptolemos and this is accepted without discussion. According to Justin, Philip married Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemos, king of the Molosses. All the authors thus agree on the fact that Alexander the Great was the grandson of a Molossian. For those who do not know this tribe (the Molossians), who were they, what territory did they occupy and how were they considered by the ancient authors ? Let us stop for a moment to know more about the tribe of the Molossians from which the mother of Alexander the Great came. To make it simple, the tribe of Molossians is in Epirus somewhere in the region of Chamerie on the back of Thesprotians who dominated the coastal part. In addition to this, the Kaons who were in the south of present-day Albania and who constituted three of the great tribes of Epirus. Historically, tribes like the Molossians or others who composed Epirus like the Kaons, the Thesprotians, the Paraue, the Antintans and others, are historically linked to the Illyrian (🇦🇱) culture or to a part of it. As Thucydides tells us about the events of the Peloponnesian War that involved both actually in reality Illyrians and Illyria itself, these tribes were commonly considered barbarian (non-Greek) tribes. Thucydides: - "Among the barbarians there were about 1,000 Kaons who ruled without a king. Along with the Kaons, the Thesprotians also participated and were also ruled without a king. There were also the MOLOSSIANS, the Atintants and the Paraues. ( HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR ) All these tribes, mentioned by the historian of Athenian origin Thucydides for their participation in the famous Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C., are considered as barbarians, therefore not Greek! ( Thucydides II, 80- IV, 126 ) The Kaons, the Thesprotians of Chamerie, the Arintans and the Parauets constitute the backbone of what one called Epirus. Among them are of course the Molossians where are the roots of the family of the mother of Alexander the Great ! And Thucydides is not the only source which defines the Epirotes as non-Greeks. There are many others! According to the encyclopedia Basic Antiquity, composed of 86 volumes... Pauly Wissowa the Real "Encyclopedia Alterumswissenschaft" says that the Epirotes are of Illyrian origin 🇦🇱 and have strong links with the population of southern Italy! More concise on the issue, the only Nobel Prize in history 🎓 is none other than Theodor Mommsen author of the cycle "Corpus of Antiquity inscriptions" which says that: - "the brave Epirotes, the Albanians 🇦🇱 of antiquity supported with traditional loyalty the young and brave Pyrrhus or "the Eagle" as they called him " . Let us point out on this subject that the Albanians name themselves "Shqiptar", that is to say "sons or children of the eagle". The soldiers of Pyrrhus (3rd century BC / Epirote King), called their King "the Eagle" and that the latter retroqued them one day that they were his "children", so the Albanians are the children of the Eagle ... "Shqiptar = child of the Eagle .... " . (Pyrrhus was the cousin of Alexander the Great, of the Molossian tribe and himself an ambitious conqueror, Pyrrhus is one of the most formidable adversaries of the early days of ancient Rome). Lorenzo Braccesi (Professor of Greek History at the University of Venice, Italy, in 1986) tells us: - "Olympias was originally from Epirus, on the part of the father who was king of Epirus, on the part of the mother also and that Illyrian blood 🇦🇱 circulated in the family, there is no doubt. " ( 9,01- 9,15 . The true story of Alexander the great ... - Gjurmë Shqiptare ) That the Epirotes are or are not Illyrians is a discussion that, from an archaeological point of view, is resolved. The Epirotes and the Illyrians have the same culture, if we consider the Iron Age, the use of tombs, fortifications with several rows of walls, their material culture, the shape of the pots or the ornaments which are identical to those of Korça (current Albania) and religion. Not only ancient authors like Thucydides, Strabo and others have called the Epirotic tribes barbarians (non-Greek) but also later serious publications based on documents and archaeological findings point out the same thing. The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and the sister . The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and sister of another well known Illyrian prince "Alexander the Molossus". I believe that all or part of the strong character of Alexander comes exactly from his mother, from the house that also gave birth to Pyrrhus. The powerful role of women in Illyrian society has been documented by many authors, including those who today identify themselves as Greeks, such as Athenaeus and Theompope. Olympias' influence on her son Alexander was so great. She believed that her son had divine blood and that he was born to rule the greatest kingdom of all time. But the mother's family was not the only Illyrian family to which Alexander was affiliated, his link with the Illyrians was stronger than that!

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = The family of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great. This last, according to the data, had a Macedonian father, but not his mother. She was called Eurydice and came from the tribe of "Lyncestides". Who was the grandmother on the side of the father of Alexander the Great? The mother of Philip is the daughter of the daughter Of Arrhabaeus, daughter of king Sirras, says Strabo. Plutarch is very detailed on this subject. He insists that although Eurydice is Illyrian (🇦🇱) and barbarian in every sense of the word, she was educated to help children. He says very clearly that she is Illyrian, and barbaric in every way. (Plutarch, De liberis educandis. p.69) Lyncestides from where came the mother of Philip II, were a tribe which extended not far from the lake of Ohrid, somewhere in the area of Manastir where the ruins of one of their most important cities are today. (Illyrian, no doubt. It is the last province that has a border with Macedonia) As for whether it was an Illyrian tribe, this is clearly proven by ancient historians and geographers, including Titus Livy, Strabo, as well as Pliny who lists many in detail in the fourth book of the collection of 37 works entitled "Natural History", not to mention the great ancient geographer "Claudius Ptolemy" who also classifies the Lyncestrae among the Illyrian tribes . And the later authors have the same attitude since on several occasions, they mention Eurydice, the mother of Philip II and the grandmother of Alexander, as being illyrian etc...

[@jacquesstrapp3219]

@@Universal.. Are you writing a doctoral thesis on Hellenistic genealogies or making a KZbin comment?

[@sarysa]

A horse uncomfortable with its own shadow. There is something poetic, almost legendary, about a horse that would rather gallop east in the morning. Seems to be a perfect fit for its master.

[@arzhvr9259]

My horse is terrified of his own shadow

[@mosesracal6758]

And befittingly, both would die before ever coming home west.

[@artywolve]

I first learned of Bucephalus through a book called the Great Horse, written from his perspective, in which after an injury on the battle field he saw ghosts in his left eye, which is what spooked him until he met Alexander. When they died and crossed the river they seem to have met all their fallen foes and comrades on the other side, and Bucephalus ascended as a warhorse to become a unicorn or a pegasus or something. It was really interesting, although I don't know how historically accurate it is, since this was also my first encounter of Alexander the Great's stories as well.

[@YOQUE2xgpxTRiu]

The stories of Alexander the Great always amaze me no matter how many times I hear them, at this point he is essentially a mythical figure as in his deeds being too amazing.

[@jordansagar3836]

THIS.

[@connordickerson6815]

Not an altruistic man but without doubt one of the greatest humans to have ever lived.

[@caspianhorlick4529]

It's no wonder people believed him to be a demi-god, he may have been human, but he was so much more than a mere man like the rest of us

[@stevepickford3004]

Alexander was truly great but like the great Khan he had a bunch of guys under him that would have been great hero's in their own right and their contribution is too often forgotten in Alexander's shadow

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ). Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11) The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ... The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks... For example the great Thucydides... Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc! Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....

[@kelvenhua4886]

Bucephalus was the realest homie one could get

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ). Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11) The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ... The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks... For example the great Thucydides... Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc! Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great. But who was this woman who is said to have astonished the Macedonian king with her beauty ? I will write based only on facts, that is, on the quotes of famous ancient authors, mainly Greek. ( For me there is one thing in history, which with the facts are not said ... ) According to Plutarch, Alexander was a descendant of Ajax through his father Neoptolemos and this is accepted without discussion. According to Justin, Philip married Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemos, king of the Molosses. All the authors thus agree on the fact that Alexander the Great was the grandson of a Molossian. For those who do not know this tribe (the Molossians), who were they, what territory did they occupy and how were they considered by the ancient authors ? Let us stop for a moment to know more about the tribe of the Molossians from which the mother of Alexander the Great came. To make it simple, the tribe of Molossians is in Epirus somewhere in the region of Chamerie on the back of Thesprotians who dominated the coastal part. In addition to this, the Kaons who were in the south of present-day Albania and who constituted three of the great tribes of Epirus. Historically, tribes like the Molossians or others who composed Epirus like the Kaons, the Thesprotians, the Paraue, the Antintans and others, are historically linked to the Illyrian (🇦🇱) culture or to a part of it. As Thucydides tells us about the events of the Peloponnesian War that involved both actually in reality Illyrians and Illyria itself, these tribes were commonly considered barbarian (non-Greek) tribes. Thucydides: - "Among the barbarians there were about 1,000 Kaons who ruled without a king. Along with the Kaons, the Thesprotians also participated and were also ruled without a king. There were also the MOLOSSIANS, the Atintants and the Paraues. ( HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR ) All these tribes, mentioned by the historian of Athenian origin Thucydides for their participation in the famous Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C., are considered as barbarians, therefore not Greek! ( Thucydides II, 80- IV, 126 ) The Kaons, the Thesprotians of Chamerie, the Arintans and the Parauets constitute the backbone of what one called Epirus. Among them are of course the Molossians where are the roots of the family of the mother of Alexander the Great ! And Thucydides is not the only source which defines the Epirotes as non-Greeks. There are many others! According to the encyclopedia Basic Antiquity, composed of 86 volumes... Pauly Wissowa the Real "Encyclopedia Alterumswissenschaft" says that the Epirotes are of Illyrian origin 🇦🇱 and have strong links with the population of southern Italy! More concise on the issue, the only Nobel Prize in history 🎓 is none other than Theodor Mommsen author of the cycle "Corpus of Antiquity inscriptions" which says that: - "the brave Epirotes, the Albanians 🇦🇱 of antiquity supported with traditional loyalty the young and brave Pyrrhus or "the Eagle" as they called him " . Let us point out on this subject that the Albanians name themselves "Shqiptar", that is to say "sons or children of the eagle". The soldiers of Pyrrhus (3rd century BC / Epirote King), called their King "the Eagle" and that the latter retroqued them one day that they were his "children", so the Albanians are the children of the Eagle ... "Shqiptar = child of the Eagle .... " . (Pyrrhus was the cousin of Alexander the Great, of the Molossian tribe and himself an ambitious conqueror, Pyrrhus is one of the most formidable adversaries of the early days of ancient Rome). Lorenzo Braccesi (Professor of Greek History at the University of Venice, Italy, in 1986) tells us: - "Olympias was originally from Epirus, on the part of the father who was king of Epirus, on the part of the mother also and that Illyrian blood 🇦🇱 circulated in the family, there is no doubt. " ( 9,01- 9,15 . The true story of Alexander the great ... - Gjurmë Shqiptare ) That the Epirotes are or are not Illyrians is a discussion that, from an archaeological point of view, is resolved. The Epirotes and the Illyrians have the same culture, if we consider the Iron Age, the use of tombs, fortifications with several rows of walls, their material culture, the shape of the pots or the ornaments which are identical to those of Korça (current Albania) and religion. Not only ancient authors like Thucydides, Strabo and others have called the Epirotic tribes barbarians (non-Greek) but also later serious publications based on documents and archaeological findings point out the same thing. The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and the sister . The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and sister of another well known Illyrian prince "Alexander the Molossus". I believe that all or part of the strong character of Alexander comes exactly from his mother, from the house that also gave birth to Pyrrhus. The powerful role of women in Illyrian society has been documented by many authors, including those who today identify themselves as Greeks, such as Athenaeus and Theompope. Olympias' influence on her son Alexander was so great. She believed that her son had divine blood and that he was born to rule the greatest kingdom of all time. But the mother's family was not the only Illyrian family to which Alexander was affiliated, his link with the Illyrians was stronger than that!

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = The family of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great. This last, according to the data, had a Macedonian father, but not his mother. She was called Eurydice and came from the tribe of "Lyncestides". Who was the grandmother on the side of the father of Alexander the Great? The mother of Philip is the daughter of the daughter Of Arrhabaeus, daughter of king Sirras, says Strabo. Plutarch is very detailed on this subject. He insists that although Eurydice is Illyrian (🇦🇱) and barbarian in every sense of the word, she was educated to help children. He says very clearly that she is Illyrian, and barbaric in every way. (Plutarch, De liberis educandis. p.69) Lyncestides from where came the mother of Philip II, were a tribe which extended not far from the lake of Ohrid, somewhere in the area of Manastir where the ruins of one of their most important cities are today. (Illyrian, no doubt. It is the last province that has a border with Macedonia) As for whether it was an Illyrian tribe, this is clearly proven by ancient historians and geographers, including Titus Livy, Strabo, as well as Pliny who lists many in detail in the fourth book of the collection of 37 works entitled "Natural History", not to mention the great ancient geographer "Claudius Ptolemy" who also classifies the Lyncestrae among the Illyrian tribes . And the later authors have the same attitude since on several occasions, they mention Eurydice, the mother of Philip II and the grandmother of Alexander, as being illyrian etc...

[@chariseliades9175]

@@Universal.. Albanian nationalist spreading his bs and branding it as Historical Fact. Alexander and Macedonia was GREEK 🇬🇷 COPE

[@nezperce2767]

@@Universal.. thats why alex named his horse like that. Something simple easy to remember in a foreigh lang. Similar to his name his mother father or his grandpa or as it appears on his coins or on those of his father' s. Can't remember recall what was his simple easy name that of his horse means or something. I call my dog black easy and simple. One might tell us. In case one might not be capable to know, one, all one has to do is look at a mirror

[@Gwynnbleid95]

The greatest conqueror and commander needed an equally great horse🥲 You can't appreciate enough just how awesome these animals are and all they've done for us over thousands of years👏🏻 great video.

[@florianschneider8396]

In this case: helping invading countries and killing the defending natives🧐

[@olympusentertainment2638]

Horses and dogs, both have been IMMENSLI helpful for us humans.

[@olympusentertainment2638]

@@florianschneider8396 Everybody at one point in history was invader and defender, what is the point of your comment?

[@florianschneider8396]

@@olympusentertainment2638 How many Emoticons does it take for you to see sarcasm😂

[@olympusentertainment2638]

@@florianschneider8396 Right......

[@amberchauhan9706]

😊Waoo!! and I live in the Town named after Bucephalus in Punjab Pakistan.. its where he died, Phalia.. we also have a statue of Bucephalus in the city too 🙂 and a nearby town also has a greek name, Hella.. from Helen of troy 😄 we love our greek heritage.. there also was a small fort here and a lot of coins statues and potery was also excavated from its ruins.. world sure is an interesting place

[@malikqasim1681]

That sure is interesting, I will look into it more thx

[@Ntopios]

Greetings from Greece dear friend. 👍👌

[@sikandar9313]

Phalia is named after Bucephalaus?...I thought the city was lost which Alexander founded on Bucephalaus name..

[@amberchauhan9706]

@@sikandar9313 it was named bucephalia, now it's just called Phalia.. and its still around..

[@amberchauhan9706]

@@Ntopios

[@N0TYALC]

One of the most impressive horses of antiquity, second only to the horse that rose through the ranks of the Roman government to become consul

[@-Zevin-]

Incitatus was his name. Finest Consul Rome had ever known. In all seriousness though, I wonder what the true story is there. I have always seen it framed as proof of how crazy Caligula was, but one has to wonder if that is also media spin, in the same way the media today spins stories. I could see appointing a horse as consul also as a comedic and biting criticism of other consuls or the Roman system of government at the time. More of a statement like "Even my horse is more competent than you idiots"

[@shreowotheartist253]

That Nero was really into his horses. Tho I dun think he was really made a Consul, it was probably a joke by Nero

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ). Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11) The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ... The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks... For example the great Thucydides... Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc! Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great. But who was this woman who is said to have astonished the Macedonian king with her beauty ? I will write based only on facts, that is, on the quotes of famous ancient authors, mainly Greek. ( For me there is one thing in history, which with the facts are not said ... ) According to Plutarch, Alexander was a descendant of Ajax through his father Neoptolemos and this is accepted without discussion. According to Justin, Philip married Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemos, king of the Molosses. All the authors thus agree on the fact that Alexander the Great was the grandson of a Molossian. For those who do not know this tribe (the Molossians), who were they, what territory did they occupy and how were they considered by the ancient authors ? Let us stop for a moment to know more about the tribe of the Molossians from which the mother of Alexander the Great came. To make it simple, the tribe of Molossians is in Epirus somewhere in the region of Chamerie on the back of Thesprotians who dominated the coastal part. In addition to this, the Kaons who were in the south of present-day Albania and who constituted three of the great tribes of Epirus. Historically, tribes like the Molossians or others who composed Epirus like the Kaons, the Thesprotians, the Paraue, the Antintans and others, are historically linked to the Illyrian (🇦🇱) culture or to a part of it. As Thucydides tells us about the events of the Peloponnesian War that involved both actually in reality Illyrians and Illyria itself, these tribes were commonly considered barbarian (non-Greek) tribes. Thucydides: - "Among the barbarians there were about 1,000 Kaons who ruled without a king. Along with the Kaons, the Thesprotians also participated and were also ruled without a king. There were also the MOLOSSIANS, the Atintants and the Paraues. ( HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR ) All these tribes, mentioned by the historian of Athenian origin Thucydides for their participation in the famous Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C., are considered as barbarians, therefore not Greek! ( Thucydides II, 80- IV, 126 ) The Kaons, the Thesprotians of Chamerie, the Arintans and the Parauets constitute the backbone of what one called Epirus. Among them are of course the Molossians where are the roots of the family of the mother of Alexander the Great ! And Thucydides is not the only source which defines the Epirotes as non-Greeks. There are many others! According to the encyclopedia Basic Antiquity, composed of 86 volumes... Pauly Wissowa the Real "Encyclopedia Alterumswissenschaft" says that the Epirotes are of Illyrian origin 🇦🇱 and have strong links with the population of southern Italy! More concise on the issue, the only Nobel Prize in history 🎓 is none other than Theodor Mommsen author of the cycle "Corpus of Antiquity inscriptions" which says that: - "the brave Epirotes, the Albanians 🇦🇱 of antiquity supported with traditional loyalty the young and brave Pyrrhus or "the Eagle" as they called him " . Let us point out on this subject that the Albanians name themselves "Shqiptar", that is to say "sons or children of the eagle". The soldiers of Pyrrhus (3rd century BC / Epirote King), called their King "the Eagle" and that the latter retroqued them one day that they were his "children", so the Albanians are the children of the Eagle ... "Shqiptar = child of the Eagle .... " . (Pyrrhus was the cousin of Alexander the Great, of the Molossian tribe and himself an ambitious conqueror, Pyrrhus is one of the most formidable adversaries of the early days of ancient Rome). Lorenzo Braccesi (Professor of Greek History at the University of Venice, Italy, in 1986) tells us: - "Olympias was originally from Epirus, on the part of the father who was king of Epirus, on the part of the mother also and that Illyrian blood 🇦🇱 circulated in the family, there is no doubt. " ( 9,01- 9,15 . The true story of Alexander the great ... - Gjurmë Shqiptare ) That the Epirotes are or are not Illyrians is a discussion that, from an archaeological point of view, is resolved. The Epirotes and the Illyrians have the same culture, if we consider the Iron Age, the use of tombs, fortifications with several rows of walls, their material culture, the shape of the pots or the ornaments which are identical to those of Korça (current Albania) and religion. Not only ancient authors like Thucydides, Strabo and others have called the Epirotic tribes barbarians (non-Greek) but also later serious publications based on documents and archaeological findings point out the same thing. The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and the sister . The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and sister of another well known Illyrian prince "Alexander the Molossus". I believe that all or part of the strong character of Alexander comes exactly from his mother, from the house that also gave birth to Pyrrhus. The powerful role of women in Illyrian society has been documented by many authors, including those who today identify themselves as Greeks, such as Athenaeus and Theompope. Olympias' influence on her son Alexander was so great. She believed that her son had divine blood and that he was born to rule the greatest kingdom of all time. But the mother's family was not the only Illyrian family to which Alexander was affiliated, his link with the Illyrians was stronger than that!

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = The family of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great. This last, according to the data, had a Macedonian father, but not his mother. She was called Eurydice and came from the tribe of "Lyncestides". Who was the grandmother on the side of the father of Alexander the Great? The mother of Philip is the daughter of the daughter Of Arrhabaeus, daughter of king Sirras, says Strabo. Plutarch is very detailed on this subject. He insists that although Eurydice is Illyrian (🇦🇱) and barbarian in every sense of the word, she was educated to help children. He says very clearly that she is Illyrian, and barbaric in every way. (Plutarch, De liberis educandis. p.69) Lyncestides from where came the mother of Philip II, were a tribe which extended not far from the lake of Ohrid, somewhere in the area of Manastir where the ruins of one of their most important cities are today. (Illyrian, no doubt. It is the last province that has a border with Macedonia) As for whether it was an Illyrian tribe, this is clearly proven by ancient historians and geographers, including Titus Livy, Strabo, as well as Pliny who lists many in detail in the fourth book of the collection of 37 works entitled "Natural History", not to mention the great ancient geographer "Claudius Ptolemy" who also classifies the Lyncestrae among the Illyrian tribes . And the later authors have the same attitude since on several occasions, they mention Eurydice, the mother of Philip II and the grandmother of Alexander, as being illyrian etc...

[@WelcomeToDERPLAND]

Ah, Bucephalus a horse so great that the Greatest conquerer named over ten cities after him, may he rest easy and enjoy his place by Alexanders side in the afterlife.

[@kingfischer]

And maybe named ~10 different horses Bucephalus too :p

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ). Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11) The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ... The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks... For example the great Thucydides... Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc! Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great. But who was this woman who is said to have astonished the Macedonian king with her beauty ? I will write based only on facts, that is, on the quotes of famous ancient authors, mainly Greek. ( For me there is one thing in history, which with the facts are not said ... ) According to Plutarch, Alexander was a descendant of Ajax through his father Neoptolemos and this is accepted without discussion. According to Justin, Philip married Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemos, king of the Molosses. All the authors thus agree on the fact that Alexander the Great was the grandson of a Molossian. For those who do not know this tribe (the Molossians), who were they, what territory did they occupy and how were they considered by the ancient authors ? Let us stop for a moment to know more about the tribe of the Molossians from which the mother of Alexander the Great came. To make it simple, the tribe of Molossians is in Epirus somewhere in the region of Chamerie on the back of Thesprotians who dominated the coastal part. In addition to this, the Kaons who were in the south of present-day Albania and who constituted three of the great tribes of Epirus. Historically, tribes like the Molossians or others who composed Epirus like the Kaons, the Thesprotians, the Paraue, the Antintans and others, are historically linked to the Illyrian (🇦🇱) culture or to a part of it. As Thucydides tells us about the events of the Peloponnesian War that involved both actually in reality Illyrians and Illyria itself, these tribes were commonly considered barbarian (non-Greek) tribes. Thucydides: - "Among the barbarians there were about 1,000 Kaons who ruled without a king. Along with the Kaons, the Thesprotians also participated and were also ruled without a king. There were also the MOLOSSIANS, the Atintants and the Paraues. ( HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR ) All these tribes, mentioned by the historian of Athenian origin Thucydides for their participation in the famous Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C., are considered as barbarians, therefore not Greek! ( Thucydides II, 80- IV, 126 ) The Kaons, the Thesprotians of Chamerie, the Arintans and the Parauets constitute the backbone of what one called Epirus. Among them are of course the Molossians where are the roots of the family of the mother of Alexander the Great ! And Thucydides is not the only source which defines the Epirotes as non-Greeks. There are many others! According to the encyclopedia Basic Antiquity, composed of 86 volumes... Pauly Wissowa the Real "Encyclopedia Alterumswissenschaft" says that the Epirotes are of Illyrian origin 🇦🇱 and have strong links with the population of southern Italy! More concise on the issue, the only Nobel Prize in history 🎓 is none other than Theodor Mommsen author of the cycle "Corpus of Antiquity inscriptions" which says that: - "the brave Epirotes, the Albanians 🇦🇱 of antiquity supported with traditional loyalty the young and brave Pyrrhus or "the Eagle" as they called him " . Let us point out on this subject that the Albanians name themselves "Shqiptar", that is to say "sons or children of the eagle". The soldiers of Pyrrhus (3rd century BC / Epirote King), called their King "the Eagle" and that the latter retroqued them one day that they were his "children", so the Albanians are the children of the Eagle ... "Shqiptar = child of the Eagle .... " . (Pyrrhus was the cousin of Alexander the Great, of the Molossian tribe and himself an ambitious conqueror, Pyrrhus is one of the most formidable adversaries of the early days of ancient Rome). Lorenzo Braccesi (Professor of Greek History at the University of Venice, Italy, in 1986) tells us: - "Olympias was originally from Epirus, on the part of the father who was king of Epirus, on the part of the mother also and that Illyrian blood 🇦🇱 circulated in the family, there is no doubt. " ( 9,01- 9,15 . The true story of Alexander the great ... - Gjurmë Shqiptare ) That the Epirotes are or are not Illyrians is a discussion that, from an archaeological point of view, is resolved. The Epirotes and the Illyrians have the same culture, if we consider the Iron Age, the use of tombs, fortifications with several rows of walls, their material culture, the shape of the pots or the ornaments which are identical to those of Korça (current Albania) and religion. Not only ancient authors like Thucydides, Strabo and others have called the Epirotic tribes barbarians (non-Greek) but also later serious publications based on documents and archaeological findings point out the same thing. The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and the sister . The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and sister of another well known Illyrian prince "Alexander the Molossus". I believe that all or part of the strong character of Alexander comes exactly from his mother, from the house that also gave birth to Pyrrhus. The powerful role of women in Illyrian society has been documented by many authors, including those who today identify themselves as Greeks, such as Athenaeus and Theompope. Olympias' influence on her son Alexander was so great. She believed that her son had divine blood and that he was born to rule the greatest kingdom of all time. But the mother's family was not the only Illyrian family to which Alexander was affiliated, his link with the Illyrians was stronger than that!

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = The family of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great. This last, according to the data, had a Macedonian father, but not his mother. She was called Eurydice and came from the tribe of "Lyncestides". Who was the grandmother on the side of the father of Alexander the Great? The mother of Philip is the daughter of the daughter Of Arrhabaeus, daughter of king Sirras, says Strabo. Plutarch is very detailed on this subject. He insists that although Eurydice is Illyrian (🇦🇱) and barbarian in every sense of the word, she was educated to help children. He says very clearly that she is Illyrian, and barbaric in every way. (Plutarch, De liberis educandis. p.69) Lyncestides from where came the mother of Philip II, were a tribe which extended not far from the lake of Ohrid, somewhere in the area of Manastir where the ruins of one of their most important cities are today. (Illyrian, no doubt. It is the last province that has a border with Macedonia) As for whether it was an Illyrian tribe, this is clearly proven by ancient historians and geographers, including Titus Livy, Strabo, as well as Pliny who lists many in detail in the fourth book of the collection of 37 works entitled "Natural History", not to mention the great ancient geographer "Claudius Ptolemy" who also classifies the Lyncestrae among the Illyrian tribes . And the later authors have the same attitude since on several occasions, they mention Eurydice, the mother of Philip II and the grandmother of Alexander, as being illyrian etc...

[@sushidope1701]

@@Universal.. damn bruh lol

[@jaynishnakar3115]

Alexander even had a dog named Peritas who would also fight with him in battles saving him from an elephant by biting its lip till the elephant fell on its knees weakened by blood loss Another incident is said that Peritas protected Alexander from Malians attacking Alexander in India and Peritas held them off till Alexanders backup troops arrived l. Supposedly Peritas was mortally wounded and crawled to Alexander's lap and died In another version of the story Alexander was trapped by the Malian troops with his warriors on the other side of the battle. Leonnnatus sent Peritas to go to Alexander which he did. The valiant dog fought and tore through the troops until he got to gravely wounded Alexander's side. Peritas held the troops off until Alexander's troops were able to fight their way to him. Peritas was mortally wounded with a javelin and is said to have crawled to Alexander and placed his head on his lap and died Alexander then named the city of Peritas, India, in his beloved dog's honour. Peritas's tomb with a statue in his honour still stands at the entrance to the city that bears his name

[@andrescarrillo6036]

I wonder if horse and dog were friends too

[@jean-luceyesofyoureyes5502]

You just made me cry... I remember my good boy Buddha passed. I have had others but none with a connection like him.

[@mr.shepherd_1776]

This is why I love dogs and horses, loyal animals through and through.

[@benevans3811]

Wow that is absolutely amazing, man has no greater freind then that of a loyal dog!

[@milkiesLoverboi69]

@@andrescarrillo6036 Probably, at this point bro is literally a mythic figure, something out of greek mythology. A horse, a dog, an army and a dream lol

[@alexanderfaust4192]

I read somewhere that Philip refused to let Alexander try because, and I quote: "your mother would murder me if you got hurt". But Alexander was so persistent he finally just gave in lol.

[@oldfrend]

when you're married to olympias, you take that threat seriously XD

[@kamion53]

@@oldfrend some theory is she eventually did using a scorned male lover of Philip.

[@pl3459]

Sounds like some corny sitcom show, I doubt that's what was really said.

[@alexanderfaust4192]

@@pl3459 I was paraphrasing. Guess I should have included that. Alexander was the first born son of Olympias, and everything, and I do mean everything for her hinged on Alexander succeeding his father to the throne of Macedon. Her marriage to the king of Macedon, Phillip II, was mostly political, and it was widely known that they often fought over the smallest things. Alexander was literally the one thing she had tying her people, the Molossians of the kingdom of Epirus to Macedon. If Alexander died or was even hurt badly enough so that he could not take the throne, the Molossian/Macedonia alliance would crumble. The Molossians needed Macedon in a very bad way, so I think it's entirely possible Phillip II wasn't going to take a gamble on the boy being hurt by a HORSE of all things. It's very easily plausible that he could have said this.

[@alexandros8361]

It's right I think. I know that Alexander went on and on about it for 40 minutes or so.

[@aldrinmilespartosa1578]

Alexander almost gotten to John wick mode when he find out that they stole his horse lol.

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ). Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11) The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ... The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks... For example the great Thucydides... Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc! Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great. But who was this woman who is said to have astonished the Macedonian king with her beauty ? I will write based only on facts, that is, on the quotes of famous ancient authors, mainly Greek. ( For me there is one thing in history, which with the facts are not said ... ) According to Plutarch, Alexander was a descendant of Ajax through his father Neoptolemos and this is accepted without discussion. According to Justin, Philip married Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemos, king of the Molosses. All the authors thus agree on the fact that Alexander the Great was the grandson of a Molossian. For those who do not know this tribe (the Molossians), who were they, what territory did they occupy and how were they considered by the ancient authors ? Let us stop for a moment to know more about the tribe of the Molossians from which the mother of Alexander the Great came. To make it simple, the tribe of Molossians is in Epirus somewhere in the region of Chamerie on the back of Thesprotians who dominated the coastal part. In addition to this, the Kaons who were in the south of present-day Albania and who constituted three of the great tribes of Epirus. Historically, tribes like the Molossians or others who composed Epirus like the Kaons, the Thesprotians, the Paraue, the Antintans and others, are historically linked to the Illyrian (🇦🇱) culture or to a part of it. As Thucydides tells us about the events of the Peloponnesian War that involved both actually in reality Illyrians and Illyria itself, these tribes were commonly considered barbarian (non-Greek) tribes. Thucydides: - "Among the barbarians there were about 1,000 Kaons who ruled without a king. Along with the Kaons, the Thesprotians also participated and were also ruled without a king. There were also the MOLOSSIANS, the Atintants and the Paraues. ( HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR ) All these tribes, mentioned by the historian of Athenian origin Thucydides for their participation in the famous Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C., are considered as barbarians, therefore not Greek! ( Thucydides II, 80- IV, 126 ) The Kaons, the Thesprotians of Chamerie, the Arintans and the Parauets constitute the backbone of what one called Epirus. Among them are of course the Molossians where are the roots of the family of the mother of Alexander the Great ! And Thucydides is not the only source which defines the Epirotes as non-Greeks. There are many others! According to the encyclopedia Basic Antiquity, composed of 86 volumes... Pauly Wissowa the Real "Encyclopedia Alterumswissenschaft" says that the Epirotes are of Illyrian origin 🇦🇱 and have strong links with the population of southern Italy! More concise on the issue, the only Nobel Prize in history 🎓 is none other than Theodor Mommsen author of the cycle "Corpus of Antiquity inscriptions" which says that: - "the brave Epirotes, the Albanians 🇦🇱 of antiquity supported with traditional loyalty the young and brave Pyrrhus or "the Eagle" as they called him " . Let us point out on this subject that the Albanians name themselves "Shqiptar", that is to say "sons or children of the eagle". The soldiers of Pyrrhus (3rd century BC / Epirote King), called their King "the Eagle" and that the latter retroqued them one day that they were his "children", so the Albanians are the children of the Eagle ... "Shqiptar = child of the Eagle .... " . (Pyrrhus was the cousin of Alexander the Great, of the Molossian tribe and himself an ambitious conqueror, Pyrrhus is one of the most formidable adversaries of the early days of ancient Rome). Lorenzo Braccesi (Professor of Greek History at the University of Venice, Italy, in 1986) tells us: - "Olympias was originally from Epirus, on the part of the father who was king of Epirus, on the part of the mother also and that Illyrian blood 🇦🇱 circulated in the family, there is no doubt. " ( 9,01- 9,15 . The true story of Alexander the great ... - Gjurmë Shqiptare ) That the Epirotes are or are not Illyrians is a discussion that, from an archaeological point of view, is resolved. The Epirotes and the Illyrians have the same culture, if we consider the Iron Age, the use of tombs, fortifications with several rows of walls, their material culture, the shape of the pots or the ornaments which are identical to those of Korça (current Albania) and religion. Not only ancient authors like Thucydides, Strabo and others have called the Epirotic tribes barbarians (non-Greek) but also later serious publications based on documents and archaeological findings point out the same thing. The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and the sister . The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and sister of another well known Illyrian prince "Alexander the Molossus". I believe that all or part of the strong character of Alexander comes exactly from his mother, from the house that also gave birth to Pyrrhus. The powerful role of women in Illyrian society has been documented by many authors, including those who today identify themselves as Greeks, such as Athenaeus and Theompope. Olympias' influence on her son Alexander was so great. She believed that her son had divine blood and that he was born to rule the greatest kingdom of all time. But the mother's family was not the only Illyrian family to which Alexander was affiliated, his link with the Illyrians was stronger than that!

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = The family of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great. This last, according to the data, had a Macedonian father, but not his mother. She was called Eurydice and came from the tribe of "Lyncestides". Who was the grandmother on the side of the father of Alexander the Great? The mother of Philip is the daughter of the daughter Of Arrhabaeus, daughter of king Sirras, says Strabo. Plutarch is very detailed on this subject. He insists that although Eurydice is Illyrian (🇦🇱) and barbarian in every sense of the word, she was educated to help children. He says very clearly that she is Illyrian, and barbaric in every way. (Plutarch, De liberis educandis. p.69) Lyncestides from where came the mother of Philip II, were a tribe which extended not far from the lake of Ohrid, somewhere in the area of Manastir where the ruins of one of their most important cities are today. (Illyrian, no doubt. It is the last province that has a border with Macedonia) As for whether it was an Illyrian tribe, this is clearly proven by ancient historians and geographers, including Titus Livy, Strabo, as well as Pliny who lists many in detail in the fourth book of the collection of 37 works entitled "Natural History", not to mention the great ancient geographer "Claudius Ptolemy" who also classifies the Lyncestrae among the Illyrian tribes . And the later authors have the same attitude since on several occasions, they mention Eurydice, the mother of Philip II and the grandmother of Alexander, as being illyrian etc...

[@michaellaramee1965]

Okay, this was pretty well done. I kinda teared up about Bucephalus dying. Damn you Invicta! How are you so good at storytelling that you make me teary eye about a horse from 2300 years ago?

[@Billswiftgti]

It is ok, I also feel when thinking of Bucephalus.

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ). Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11) The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ... The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks... For example the great Thucydides... Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc! Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great. But who was this woman who is said to have astonished the Macedonian king with her beauty ? I will write based only on facts, that is, on the quotes of famous ancient authors, mainly Greek. ( For me there is one thing in history, which with the facts are not said ... ) According to Plutarch, Alexander was a descendant of Ajax through his father Neoptolemos and this is accepted without discussion. According to Justin, Philip married Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemos, king of the Molosses. All the authors thus agree on the fact that Alexander the Great was the grandson of a Molossian. For those who do not know this tribe (the Molossians), who were they, what territory did they occupy and how were they considered by the ancient authors ? Let us stop for a moment to know more about the tribe of the Molossians from which the mother of Alexander the Great came. To make it simple, the tribe of Molossians is in Epirus somewhere in the region of Chamerie on the back of Thesprotians who dominated the coastal part. In addition to this, the Kaons who were in the south of present-day Albania and who constituted three of the great tribes of Epirus. Historically, tribes like the Molossians or others who composed Epirus like the Kaons, the Thesprotians, the Paraue, the Antintans and others, are historically linked to the Illyrian (🇦🇱) culture or to a part of it. As Thucydides tells us about the events of the Peloponnesian War that involved both actually in reality Illyrians and Illyria itself, these tribes were commonly considered barbarian (non-Greek) tribes. Thucydides: - "Among the barbarians there were about 1,000 Kaons who ruled without a king. Along with the Kaons, the Thesprotians also participated and were also ruled without a king. There were also the MOLOSSIANS, the Atintants and the Paraues. ( HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR ) All these tribes, mentioned by the historian of Athenian origin Thucydides for their participation in the famous Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C., are considered as barbarians, therefore not Greek! ( Thucydides II, 80- IV, 126 ) The Kaons, the Thesprotians of Chamerie, the Arintans and the Parauets constitute the backbone of what one called Epirus. Among them are of course the Molossians where are the roots of the family of the mother of Alexander the Great ! And Thucydides is not the only source which defines the Epirotes as non-Greeks. There are many others! According to the encyclopedia Basic Antiquity, composed of 86 volumes... Pauly Wissowa the Real "Encyclopedia Alterumswissenschaft" says that the Epirotes are of Illyrian origin 🇦🇱 and have strong links with the population of southern Italy! More concise on the issue, the only Nobel Prize in history 🎓 is none other than Theodor Mommsen author of the cycle "Corpus of Antiquity inscriptions" which says that: - "the brave Epirotes, the Albanians 🇦🇱 of antiquity supported with traditional loyalty the young and brave Pyrrhus or "the Eagle" as they called him " . Let us point out on this subject that the Albanians name themselves "Shqiptar", that is to say "sons or children of the eagle". The soldiers of Pyrrhus (3rd century BC / Epirote King), called their King "the Eagle" and that the latter retroqued them one day that they were his "children", so the Albanians are the children of the Eagle ... "Shqiptar = child of the Eagle .... " . (Pyrrhus was the cousin of Alexander the Great, of the Molossian tribe and himself an ambitious conqueror, Pyrrhus is one of the most formidable adversaries of the early days of ancient Rome). Lorenzo Braccesi (Professor of Greek History at the University of Venice, Italy, in 1986) tells us: - "Olympias was originally from Epirus, on the part of the father who was king of Epirus, on the part of the mother also and that Illyrian blood 🇦🇱 circulated in the family, there is no doubt. " ( 9,01- 9,15 . The true story of Alexander the great ... - Gjurmë Shqiptare ) That the Epirotes are or are not Illyrians is a discussion that, from an archaeological point of view, is resolved. The Epirotes and the Illyrians have the same culture, if we consider the Iron Age, the use of tombs, fortifications with several rows of walls, their material culture, the shape of the pots or the ornaments which are identical to those of Korça (current Albania) and religion. Not only ancient authors like Thucydides, Strabo and others have called the Epirotic tribes barbarians (non-Greek) but also later serious publications based on documents and archaeological findings point out the same thing. The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and the sister . The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and sister of another well known Illyrian prince "Alexander the Molossus". I believe that all or part of the strong character of Alexander comes exactly from his mother, from the house that also gave birth to Pyrrhus. The powerful role of women in Illyrian society has been documented by many authors, including those who today identify themselves as Greeks, such as Athenaeus and Theompope. Olympias' influence on her son Alexander was so great. She believed that her son had divine blood and that he was born to rule the greatest kingdom of all time. But the mother's family was not the only Illyrian family to which Alexander was affiliated, his link with the Illyrians was stronger than that!

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = The family of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great. This last, according to the data, had a Macedonian father, but not his mother. She was called Eurydice and came from the tribe of "Lyncestides". Who was the grandmother on the side of the father of Alexander the Great? The mother of Philip is the daughter of the daughter Of Arrhabaeus, daughter of king Sirras, says Strabo. Plutarch is very detailed on this subject. He insists that although Eurydice is Illyrian (🇦🇱) and barbarian in every sense of the word, she was educated to help children. He says very clearly that she is Illyrian, and barbaric in every way. (Plutarch, De liberis educandis. p.69) Lyncestides from where came the mother of Philip II, were a tribe which extended not far from the lake of Ohrid, somewhere in the area of Manastir where the ruins of one of their most important cities are today. (Illyrian, no doubt. It is the last province that has a border with Macedonia) As for whether it was an Illyrian tribe, this is clearly proven by ancient historians and geographers, including Titus Livy, Strabo, as well as Pliny who lists many in detail in the fourth book of the collection of 37 works entitled "Natural History", not to mention the great ancient geographer "Claudius Ptolemy" who also classifies the Lyncestrae among the Illyrian tribes . And the later authors have the same attitude since on several occasions, they mention Eurydice, the mother of Philip II and the grandmother of Alexander, as being illyrian etc...

[@JunguianPhantom]

Yeah, I was sad too

[@signoguns8501]

There's a statue of Alexander and his horse in Edinburgh, Scotland. Used to walk past it every day when I lived there.

[@demetriusstiakkogiannakes1326]

Surprised to hear that. There are 2 ones in Greece of course one in Athens and another one in Thessalonica in the region of Macedon.And there is one in Alexandria in Egypt but i would never expect a statue to exist in Scotland.

[@signoguns8501]

@@demetriusstiakkogiannakes1326 I guess it is a little bit random lol. Alexander is one of the most famous people to have ever existed, though. He is a very popular historical figure. The story of a young man conquering the world on a horse that was scared of its own shadow is almost mythic. It resonates with people from all over the world.

[@josephj6521]

Really? I’ve been to Edinburgh and I didn’t know! Wow.

[@goldenkro]

Alexander said that his companion cavalry didn't follow him, they're horses followed busephalis

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ). Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11) The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ... The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks... For example the great Thucydides... Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc! Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great. But who was this woman who is said to have astonished the Macedonian king with her beauty ? I will write based only on facts, that is, on the quotes of famous ancient authors, mainly Greek. ( For me there is one thing in history, which with the facts are not said ... ) According to Plutarch, Alexander was a descendant of Ajax through his father Neoptolemos and this is accepted without discussion. According to Justin, Philip married Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemos, king of the Molosses. All the authors thus agree on the fact that Alexander the Great was the grandson of a Molossian. For those who do not know this tribe (the Molossians), who were they, what territory did they occupy and how were they considered by the ancient authors ? Let us stop for a moment to know more about the tribe of the Molossians from which the mother of Alexander the Great came. To make it simple, the tribe of Molossians is in Epirus somewhere in the region of Chamerie on the back of Thesprotians who dominated the coastal part. In addition to this, the Kaons who were in the south of present-day Albania and who constituted three of the great tribes of Epirus. Historically, tribes like the Molossians or others who composed Epirus like the Kaons, the Thesprotians, the Paraue, the Antintans and others, are historically linked to the Illyrian (🇦🇱) culture or to a part of it. As Thucydides tells us about the events of the Peloponnesian War that involved both actually in reality Illyrians and Illyria itself, these tribes were commonly considered barbarian (non-Greek) tribes. Thucydides: - "Among the barbarians there were about 1,000 Kaons who ruled without a king. Along with the Kaons, the Thesprotians also participated and were also ruled without a king. There were also the MOLOSSIANS, the Atintants and the Paraues. ( HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR ) All these tribes, mentioned by the historian of Athenian origin Thucydides for their participation in the famous Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C., are considered as barbarians, therefore not Greek! ( Thucydides II, 80- IV, 126 ) The Kaons, the Thesprotians of Chamerie, the Arintans and the Parauets constitute the backbone of what one called Epirus. Among them are of course the Molossians where are the roots of the family of the mother of Alexander the Great ! And Thucydides is not the only source which defines the Epirotes as non-Greeks. There are many others! According to the encyclopedia Basic Antiquity, composed of 86 volumes... Pauly Wissowa the Real "Encyclopedia Alterumswissenschaft" says that the Epirotes are of Illyrian origin 🇦🇱 and have strong links with the population of southern Italy! More concise on the issue, the only Nobel Prize in history 🎓 is none other than Theodor Mommsen author of the cycle "Corpus of Antiquity inscriptions" which says that: - "the brave Epirotes, the Albanians 🇦🇱 of antiquity supported with traditional loyalty the young and brave Pyrrhus or "the Eagle" as they called him " . Let us point out on this subject that the Albanians name themselves "Shqiptar", that is to say "sons or children of the eagle". The soldiers of Pyrrhus (3rd century BC / Epirote King), called their King "the Eagle" and that the latter retroqued them one day that they were his "children", so the Albanians are the children of the Eagle ... "Shqiptar = child of the Eagle .... " . (Pyrrhus was the cousin of Alexander the Great, of the Molossian tribe and himself an ambitious conqueror, Pyrrhus is one of the most formidable adversaries of the early days of ancient Rome). Lorenzo Braccesi (Professor of Greek History at the University of Venice, Italy, in 1986) tells us: - "Olympias was originally from Epirus, on the part of the father who was king of Epirus, on the part of the mother also and that Illyrian blood 🇦🇱 circulated in the family, there is no doubt. " ( 9,01- 9,15 . The true story of Alexander the great ... - Gjurmë Shqiptare ) That the Epirotes are or are not Illyrians is a discussion that, from an archaeological point of view, is resolved. The Epirotes and the Illyrians have the same culture, if we consider the Iron Age, the use of tombs, fortifications with several rows of walls, their material culture, the shape of the pots or the ornaments which are identical to those of Korça (current Albania) and religion. Not only ancient authors like Thucydides, Strabo and others have called the Epirotic tribes barbarians (non-Greek) but also later serious publications based on documents and archaeological findings point out the same thing. The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and the sister . The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and sister of another well known Illyrian prince "Alexander the Molossus". I believe that all or part of the strong character of Alexander comes exactly from his mother, from the house that also gave birth to Pyrrhus. The powerful role of women in Illyrian society has been documented by many authors, including those who today identify themselves as Greeks, such as Athenaeus and Theompope. Olympias' influence on her son Alexander was so great. She believed that her son had divine blood and that he was born to rule the greatest kingdom of all time. But the mother's family was not the only Illyrian family to which Alexander was affiliated, his link with the Illyrians was stronger than that!

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = The family of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great. This last, according to the data, had a Macedonian father, but not his mother. She was called Eurydice and came from the tribe of "Lyncestides". Who was the grandmother on the side of the father of Alexander the Great? The mother of Philip is the daughter of the daughter Of Arrhabaeus, daughter of king Sirras, says Strabo. Plutarch is very detailed on this subject. He insists that although Eurydice is Illyrian (🇦🇱) and barbarian in every sense of the word, she was educated to help children. He says very clearly that she is Illyrian, and barbaric in every way. (Plutarch, De liberis educandis. p.69) Lyncestides from where came the mother of Philip II, were a tribe which extended not far from the lake of Ohrid, somewhere in the area of Manastir where the ruins of one of their most important cities are today. (Illyrian, no doubt. It is the last province that has a border with Macedonia) As for whether it was an Illyrian tribe, this is clearly proven by ancient historians and geographers, including Titus Livy, Strabo, as well as Pliny who lists many in detail in the fourth book of the collection of 37 works entitled "Natural History", not to mention the great ancient geographer "Claudius Ptolemy" who also classifies the Lyncestrae among the Illyrian tribes . And the later authors have the same attitude since on several occasions, they mention Eurydice, the mother of Philip II and the grandmother of Alexander, as being illyrian etc...

[@kamion53]

could that mean his companions used mares? It is quite natural for mares to follow the lead stallion but stallions following another stallion sounds unlikely to me.

[@primop6647]

@@kamion53 I am fairly sure it was meant to be..."romantic" and stuff. Not taken literally

[@pamndz1]

“Do you give the horse his might? Do you clothe his neck with a mane? 20 Do you make him leap like the locust? His majestic snorting is terrifying. 21 He paws[a] in the valley and exults in his strength; he goes out to meet the weapons. 22 He laughs at fear and is not dismayed; he does not turn back from the sword. 23 Upon him rattle the quiver, the flashing spear, and the javelin. 24 With fierceness and rage he swallows the ground; he cannot stand still at the sound of the trumpet. 25 When the trumpet sounds, he says ‘Aha!’ He smells the battle from afar, the thunder of the captains, and the shouting.

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ). Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11) The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ... The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks... For example the great Thucydides... Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc! Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great. But who was this woman who is said to have astonished the Macedonian king with her beauty ? I will write based only on facts, that is, on the quotes of famous ancient authors, mainly Greek. ( For me there is one thing in history, which with the facts are not said ... ) According to Plutarch, Alexander was a descendant of Ajax through his father Neoptolemos and this is accepted without discussion. According to Justin, Philip married Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemos, king of the Molosses. All the authors thus agree on the fact that Alexander the Great was the grandson of a Molossian. For those who do not know this tribe (the Molossians), who were they, what territory did they occupy and how were they considered by the ancient authors ? Let us stop for a moment to know more about the tribe of the Molossians from which the mother of Alexander the Great came. To make it simple, the tribe of Molossians is in Epirus somewhere in the region of Chamerie on the back of Thesprotians who dominated the coastal part. In addition to this, the Kaons who were in the south of present-day Albania and who constituted three of the great tribes of Epirus. Historically, tribes like the Molossians or others who composed Epirus like the Kaons, the Thesprotians, the Paraue, the Antintans and others, are historically linked to the Illyrian (🇦🇱) culture or to a part of it. As Thucydides tells us about the events of the Peloponnesian War that involved both actually in reality Illyrians and Illyria itself, these tribes were commonly considered barbarian (non-Greek) tribes. Thucydides: - "Among the barbarians there were about 1,000 Kaons who ruled without a king. Along with the Kaons, the Thesprotians also participated and were also ruled without a king. There were also the MOLOSSIANS, the Atintants and the Paraues. ( HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR ) All these tribes, mentioned by the historian of Athenian origin Thucydides for their participation in the famous Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C., are considered as barbarians, therefore not Greek! ( Thucydides II, 80- IV, 126 ) The Kaons, the Thesprotians of Chamerie, the Arintans and the Parauets constitute the backbone of what one called Epirus. Among them are of course the Molossians where are the roots of the family of the mother of Alexander the Great ! And Thucydides is not the only source which defines the Epirotes as non-Greeks. There are many others! According to the encyclopedia Basic Antiquity, composed of 86 volumes... Pauly Wissowa the Real "Encyclopedia Alterumswissenschaft" says that the Epirotes are of Illyrian origin 🇦🇱 and have strong links with the population of southern Italy! More concise on the issue, the only Nobel Prize in history 🎓 is none other than Theodor Mommsen author of the cycle "Corpus of Antiquity inscriptions" which says that: - "the brave Epirotes, the Albanians 🇦🇱 of antiquity supported with traditional loyalty the young and brave Pyrrhus or "the Eagle" as they called him " . Let us point out on this subject that the Albanians name themselves "Shqiptar", that is to say "sons or children of the eagle". The soldiers of Pyrrhus (3rd century BC / Epirote King), called their King "the Eagle" and that the latter retroqued them one day that they were his "children", so the Albanians are the children of the Eagle ... "Shqiptar = child of the Eagle .... " . (Pyrrhus was the cousin of Alexander the Great, of the Molossian tribe and himself an ambitious conqueror, Pyrrhus is one of the most formidable adversaries of the early days of ancient Rome). Lorenzo Braccesi (Professor of Greek History at the University of Venice, Italy, in 1986) tells us: - "Olympias was originally from Epirus, on the part of the father who was king of Epirus, on the part of the mother also and that Illyrian blood 🇦🇱 circulated in the family, there is no doubt. " ( 9,01- 9,15 . The true story of Alexander the great ... - Gjurmë Shqiptare ) That the Epirotes are or are not Illyrians is a discussion that, from an archaeological point of view, is resolved. The Epirotes and the Illyrians have the same culture, if we consider the Iron Age, the use of tombs, fortifications with several rows of walls, their material culture, the shape of the pots or the ornaments which are identical to those of Korça (current Albania) and religion. Not only ancient authors like Thucydides, Strabo and others have called the Epirotic tribes barbarians (non-Greek) but also later serious publications based on documents and archaeological findings point out the same thing. The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and the sister . The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and sister of another well known Illyrian prince "Alexander the Molossus". I believe that all or part of the strong character of Alexander comes exactly from his mother, from the house that also gave birth to Pyrrhus. The powerful role of women in Illyrian society has been documented by many authors, including those who today identify themselves as Greeks, such as Athenaeus and Theompope. Olympias' influence on her son Alexander was so great. She believed that her son had divine blood and that he was born to rule the greatest kingdom of all time. But the mother's family was not the only Illyrian family to which Alexander was affiliated, his link with the Illyrians was stronger than that!

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = The family of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great. This last, according to the data, had a Macedonian father, but not his mother. She was called Eurydice and came from the tribe of "Lyncestides". Who was the grandmother on the side of the father of Alexander the Great? The mother of Philip is the daughter of the daughter Of Arrhabaeus, daughter of king Sirras, says Strabo. Plutarch is very detailed on this subject. He insists that although Eurydice is Illyrian (🇦🇱) and barbarian in every sense of the word, she was educated to help children. He says very clearly that she is Illyrian, and barbaric in every way. (Plutarch, De liberis educandis. p.69) Lyncestides from where came the mother of Philip II, were a tribe which extended not far from the lake of Ohrid, somewhere in the area of Manastir where the ruins of one of their most important cities are today. (Illyrian, no doubt. It is the last province that has a border with Macedonia) As for whether it was an Illyrian tribe, this is clearly proven by ancient historians and geographers, including Titus Livy, Strabo, as well as Pliny who lists many in detail in the fourth book of the collection of 37 works entitled "Natural History", not to mention the great ancient geographer "Claudius Ptolemy" who also classifies the Lyncestrae among the Illyrian tribes . And the later authors have the same attitude since on several occasions, they mention Eurydice, the mother of Philip II and the grandmother of Alexander, as being illyrian etc...

[@hereisyoursign6750]

@@Universal.. Even if the Macedonians have a non-greek origin, slowly becoming hellenized and eventually just speaking a hellenic language essentially makes them a hellenic people, especially being closely related to them, at least in antiquity. Same reason why Bulgarians are considered to be slavic now.

[@shogunshogun]

I think this was quoted in part in Secretariat

[@hocestbellumchannel]

The story of Bucephalus is really touching. Long gone, but not forgotten.

[@zachw4947]

RIP

[@horsepower523]

I always say that dogs and horses are the most loyal and loving friends for humans. RIP Bucephalus, you shall never be forgotten.

[@martinsriber7760]

Of course Philip liked horses. His name literally means "horse-loving".

[@TheMania56]

Actually its Friend of Horses Philos = Friend Hippos = Horse

[@froggystyle642]

"Horse loving" could easily be misconstrued as something VERY different from "friend of horses"...

[@martinsriber7760]

@@TheMania56 Don't say "actually" if information provided is correct. Philip comes from Greek φίλιππος, which is derived from φιλέω (to love) and ἵππος (horse). Phílos (φῐ́λος) can mean friend, but it can also mean beloved, dear. And φιλέω (to love) comes from it.

[@martinsriber7760]

@@froggystyle642 It can because English doesn't make distinction between various kinds of love.

[@matthewsainsbury2367]

Wow thanks martin and the mania for the educational greek name for philips name you guys keep safe during these times

[@timy.9512]

_"Was I a good boy?"_ _"No, I was told you were the _*_best."_*

[@joyxi1633]

Can you please do more warhorse episodes? It’s very interesting and also a great reminder that the world as we know it today would have probably been very different, if it wasn’t for the horses who carried humanity so far

[@deirdregibbons5609]

I second this!

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ). Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11) The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ... The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks... For example the great Thucydides... Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc! Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ...

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great. But who was this woman who is said to have astonished the Macedonian king with her beauty ? I will write based only on facts, that is, on the quotes of famous ancient authors, mainly Greek. ( For me there is one thing in history, which with the facts are not said ... ) According to Plutarch, Alexander was a descendant of Ajax through his father Neoptolemos and this is accepted without discussion. According to Justin, Philip married Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemos, king of the Molosses. All the authors thus agree on the fact that Alexander the Great was the grandson of a Molossian. For those who do not know this tribe (the Molossians), who were they, what territory did they occupy and how were they considered by the ancient authors ? Let us stop for a moment to know more about the tribe of the Molossians from which the mother of Alexander the Great came. To make it simple, the tribe of Molossians is in Epirus somewhere in the region of Chamerie on the back of Thesprotians who dominated the coastal part. In addition to this, the Kaons who were in the south of present-day Albania and who constituted three of the great tribes of Epirus. Historically, tribes like the Molossians or others who composed Epirus like the Kaons, the Thesprotians, the Paraue, the Antintans and others, are historically linked to the Illyrian (🇦🇱) culture or to a part of it. As Thucydides tells us about the events of the Peloponnesian War that involved both actually in reality Illyrians and Illyria itself, these tribes were commonly considered barbarian (non-Greek) tribes. Thucydides: - "Among the barbarians there were about 1,000 Kaons who ruled without a king. Along with the Kaons, the Thesprotians also participated and were also ruled without a king. There were also the MOLOSSIANS, the Atintants and the Paraues. ( HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR ) All these tribes, mentioned by the historian of Athenian origin Thucydides for their participation in the famous Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C., are considered as barbarians, therefore not Greek! ( Thucydides II, 80- IV, 126 ) The Kaons, the Thesprotians of Chamerie, the Arintans and the Parauets constitute the backbone of what one called Epirus. Among them are of course the Molossians where are the roots of the family of the mother of Alexander the Great ! And Thucydides is not the only source which defines the Epirotes as non-Greeks. There are many others! According to the encyclopedia Basic Antiquity, composed of 86 volumes... Pauly Wissowa the Real "Encyclopedia Alterumswissenschaft" says that the Epirotes are of Illyrian origin 🇦🇱 and have strong links with the population of southern Italy! More concise on the issue, the only Nobel Prize in history 🎓 is none other than Theodor Mommsen author of the cycle "Corpus of Antiquity inscriptions" which says that: - "the brave Epirotes, the Albanians 🇦🇱 of antiquity supported with traditional loyalty the young and brave Pyrrhus or "the Eagle" as they called him " . Let us point out on this subject that the Albanians name themselves "Shqiptar", that is to say "sons or children of the eagle". The soldiers of Pyrrhus (3rd century BC / Epirote King), called their King "the Eagle" and that the latter retroqued them one day that they were his "children", so the Albanians are the children of the Eagle ... "Shqiptar = child of the Eagle .... " . (Pyrrhus was the cousin of Alexander the Great, of the Molossian tribe and himself an ambitious conqueror, Pyrrhus is one of the most formidable adversaries of the early days of ancient Rome). Lorenzo Braccesi (Professor of Greek History at the University of Venice, Italy, in 1986) tells us: - "Olympias was originally from Epirus, on the part of the father who was king of Epirus, on the part of the mother also and that Illyrian blood 🇦🇱 circulated in the family, there is no doubt. " ( 9,01- 9,15 . The true story of Alexander the great ... - Gjurmë Shqiptare ) That the Epirotes are or are not Illyrians is a discussion that, from an archaeological point of view, is resolved. The Epirotes and the Illyrians have the same culture, if we consider the Iron Age, the use of tombs, fortifications with several rows of walls, their material culture, the shape of the pots or the ornaments which are identical to those of Korça (current Albania) and religion. Not only ancient authors like Thucydides, Strabo and others have called the Epirotic tribes barbarians (non-Greek) but also later serious publications based on documents and archaeological findings point out the same thing. The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and the sister . The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and sister of another well known Illyrian prince "Alexander the Molossus". I believe that all or part of the strong character of Alexander comes exactly from his mother, from the house that also gave birth to Pyrrhus. The powerful role of women in Illyrian society has been documented by many authors, including those who today identify themselves as Greeks, such as Athenaeus and Theompope. Olympias' influence on her son Alexander was so great. She believed that her son had divine blood and that he was born to rule the greatest kingdom of all time. But the mother's family was not the only Illyrian family to which Alexander was affiliated, his link with the Illyrians was stronger than that!

[@Universal..]

Historical facts = The family of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great. This last, according to the data, had a Macedonian father, but not his mother. She was called Eurydice and came from the tribe of "Lyncestides". Who was the grandmother on the side of the father of Alexander the Great? The mother of Philip is the daughter of the daughter Of Arrhabaeus, daughter of king Sirras, says Strabo. Plutarch is very detailed on this subject. He insists that although Eurydice is Illyrian (🇦🇱) and barbarian in every sense of the word, she was educated to help children. He says very clearly that she is Illyrian, and barbaric in every way. (Plutarch, De liberis educandis. p.69) Lyncestides from where came the mother of Philip II, were a tribe which extended not far from the lake of Ohrid, somewhere in the area of Manastir where the ruins of one of their most important cities are today. (Illyrian, no doubt. It is the last province that has a border with Macedonia) As for whether it was an Illyrian tribe, this is clearly proven by ancient historians and geographers, including Titus Livy, Strabo, as well as Pliny who lists many in detail in the fourth book of the collection of 37 works entitled "Natural History", not to mention the great ancient geographer "Claudius Ptolemy" who also classifies the Lyncestrae among the Illyrian tribes . And the later authors have the same attitude since on several occasions, they mention Eurydice, the mother of Philip II and the grandmother of Alexander, as being illyrian etc...

[@guillermobluske2856]

@@Universal.. thanks for the facts here

[@connorgolden4]

Easily the most famous horse of all time

[@johnqpublic2718]

Famous, bout I don’t know about “easily.” One could make an argument for other horses, which in turn makes Bucephalus’ status not so easily assigned.

[@markpriestley6807]

I had heard of Copenhagen before this horse. That may be because I'm British though

[@nvmtt1403]

@@markpriestley6807 who?

[@lordpowell3788]

I wrote a paper in 11th grade in high school about this horse. As general knowledge if you ask me at any time I can tell you that Alexander had a horse that he prized above most things. And that he named the city after it but I could never have told you the horse's name so I think that's more of Alexander's legacy than the horses. Off hand the only horse that I know the name of is pell from one piece. And frankly I think a good number of people could tell you that horse's name so determining who's the most famously named Horace is probably gonna give you some silly answer based on cultural and distribution of media standards. If they had a name I think the 4 horsemen would be up there but people usually just know them as the 4 horsemen and then their color.

[@viorp5267]

I think the most famous horse is that horse that became a Roman senator, mainly because everyone knows about it.

[@DewitticusBrett]

I have a huge bust of Bucephalus. And my dogs name was also named after the noble steed. What an amazing story.

[@firestorm1088]

As someone who grew up with horses, the story of Alexander and Bucephalus is one of my favorite in history.

[@QUARTERMASTEREMI6]

Same here! As a huge animal lover who grew up riding horses, I 100% agree! 😁

[@pyronuggets]

I truly love this video. I named my truck Bucephalus when I bought it in 2016

[@wargriffin5]

That thumbnail looks like a "Lvl-1 vs Lvl-100" ad for a mobile game. 🤣

[@markpowell4615]

Horses have panoramic vision - almost 360º with a narrow blind-spot directly in front of and behind them. To obscure Bucephalus's shadow he would have to be facing the sun head on (or, conversely, turned 180º to face away from it) and held very still to prevent his catching a glimpse of it. It's much harder to the hide shadow from a horse than a human.

[@jarnMod]

Bucephalus: Am I a good horse? Death: No, you're the best Bucephalus: !!! SHADOW! KICK~! Legend said Death has to take Alexander so quickly because Death itself couldn't control Bucephalus. Only one can calm him after all.

[@lavosico]

🐐👑

[@RendelHinote]

In every game that have a Horse i actually name them Bucephalus in his memory, I love Alexander and Bucephalus story

[@charliec8804]

Such a cool story! I’m impressed at becuphalus and Alexander’s ability to survive so many battles

[@alexandrustemate4461]

I want an animated short film following the life of Brucephalus and Alexander together in an episodic way seeing their great moments intertwined with slice of life ones until the death of horsey and the naming of the city and that's it. Instant tearjerker

[@deuratusanimatedhistory10]

The story of Alexander taming the Bucephalus, given by Plutarch (PA 6.1), is most likely a later invention. It is hard to believe that an experienced horse breeder like Philonicus, a Thessalian, would not have been able to realize that Bucephalus was afraid of his own shadow. (Thessalians had a reputation for being excellent with horses). Diodorus (17.76.6) says that Alexander received Bucephalus as a gift from Demaratus, a friend of his father, and later a friend of Alexander as well. The story given by Diodorus is much more probable. “This animal (Bucephalus) had come to Alexander as a gift from Demaratus of Corinth​ and had carried the king in all of his battles in Asia.” (Diodorus 17.76.6) And Plutarch’s story of taming of Bucephalus (it really sounds like an invention): “Once upon a time Philoneicus the Thessalian brought Bucephalus, offering to sell him to Philip for thirteen talents,​ and they went down into the plain to try the horse, who appeared to be savage and altogether intractable, neither allowing any one to mount him, nor heeding the voice of any of Philip's attendants, but rearing up against all of them. Then Philip was vexed and ordered the horse to be led away, believing him to be altogether wild and unbroken; but Alexander, who was near by, said: "What a horse they are losing, because, for lack of skill and courage, they cannot manage him!" At first, then, Philip held his peace; but as Alexander many times let fall such words and showed great distress, he said: "Dost thou find fault with thine elders in the belief that thou knowest more than they do or art better able to manage a horse?" "This horse, at any rate," said Alexander, "I could manage better than others have." "And if thou shouldst not, what penalty wilt thou undergo for thy rashness?" "Indeed," said Alexander, "I will forfeit the price of the horse." There was laughter at this, and then an agreement between father and son as to the forfeiture, and at once Alexander ran to the horse, took hold of his bridle-rein, and turned him towards the sun; for he had noticed, as it would seem, that the horse was greatly disturbed by the sight of his own shadow falling in front of him and dancing about. And after he had calmed the horse a little in this way, and had stroked him with his hand, when he saw that he was full of spirit and courage, he quietly cast aside his mantle and with a light spring safely bestrode him. Then, with a little pressure of the reins on the bit, and without striking him or tearing his mouth, he held him in hand;​ but when he saw that the horse was rid of the fear that had beset him, and was impatient for the course, he gave him his head, and at last urged him on with sterner tone and thrust of foot. Philip and his company were speechless with anxiety at first; but when Alexander made the turn in proper fashion and came back to them proud and exultant, all the rest broke into loud cries, but his father, as we are told, actually shed tears of joy, and when Alexander had dismounted, kissed him, saying: "My son, seek thee out a kingdom equal to thyself; Macedonia has not room for thee." (Plutarch, Life Of Alexander 6.1-8)

[@InvictaHistory]

Thanks for clarifying. A lot of these small anecdotes like the painter getting the approval of Bucephalus definitely smack of later embellishment.

[@sislertx]

Anyone.who has.trained.horses.know.they ARE ALL.AFRAID OF THEIR.SHADOW THIS IS LIKE HOW.U.SOCIALLY.SEPERATE IDIOTS OUT OF THE.CONVERSATION LIKE THE SUPPOSED WHIPPING AND HORSE.CHARGING PEOPLE.

[@johnathanharris888]

Yes history has a way of sensationalizing itself. However please take into consideration that maybe the horse was intimidated by grown man and therefore reluctant to work with them, Aleksandar being a boy at the time would have been much more approachable and easier to work with maybe this relationship factor alone was the reason why Alexander was able to tame the horse not necessarily the shadow. That story could be engineer to show Alexander’s brilliance at a young age but the fact remains that the war horse was a gift for Philip and ended up being Alexander’s

[@WelcomeToDERPLAND]

Both Sources lived and died hundreds of years after Alexander's conquest, so its really up to your own choice on which you decide to believe, personally I enjoy the glorification and mythological side of Alexander's life, so I'll stick with Plutarch's.

[@Billswiftgti]

@@johnathanharris888 I agree. There could be some truth in this, Alexander was a short person. At 12 years old, most likely he was short and skinny, really not that intimidating. All these men gathered to admire the horse might have scared it, so a small boy with undoubted charisma might had settle things down. Speculations, but the legend of Alexander has room for these.

[@yaboyed5779]

The Alexander The Great movie made love this horse, and mourn his death as he protected his King😩😩😩

[@mj-gl6tv]

That story is amazing. I dream to see the Great Charge Of Gaugamela!

[@The_Daily_Tomato]

People may speak of Marengo or Hildalgo, But until the day of the setting sun, Bucephalus shall remain as the Lord of all horses.

[@rareearthwalker4536]

I truly appreciate what you do here on this channel. I'm an avid history fan. Also, can't get enough of the more obscure subjects. Great video!

[@alaskankara]

I am an Historian and in uni I did an exam about this exact topic. Great video! Now I would love to see a video about Alexander and his dog Peritas

[@andrewreil3938]

Im going to be honest got a little watery eyed watching this. Reminded me of my dog i had during childhood.

[@17Watman]

Bucephalus Good Boy. Rest In Peace.

[@carrier-buff]

When your so famous and renown that even your horse is more famous than most people

[@rat488]

Takes a lot for Alexander to name something after something other than himself.

[@eltonjohntubola3212]

For man Alexander. For horse Bucephalus.

[@horsepower523]

That just shows how much Alexander loved and appreciated Bucephalus. He was like a brother to him.

[@thevioletrider405]

Was waiting for this video so much that i clicked on the notification as soon as it appeared.

[@Teamgeschiedenis]

An entire video on the horse of Alexander. Gods I love this channel :)

[@Ajagodkin]

Love it! great work as always invicta

[@animeyahallo3887]

Imagine carrying a man who posses one of the heaviest balls of all time. You're a good boy Bucephalus.

[@camrendavis6650]

Could you do "Red Hare" next? The legendary red horse of Lü Bu

[@badgamemaster]

"Among men, Lü Bu; Among steeds, Chì Tù (the Red Hare)"

[@saidtoshimaru1832]

And then el Cid's horse, Babieca.

[@MrShahrozzz]

I was just about to comment this! Glad someone else wants the same 😁

[@Gardo_11]

I’ve been waiting years for a good video like this one about Bucephalus! Nice work.

[@pictlandpickers1171]

I know we are applauding the horse but how strong willed, observant and confident was 12 year old Alex. Defo proud dad moment there

[@torinjones3221]

Funny how we know where Alexander's horse is buried but not where the general himself is buried.

[@kabard]

He was entombed in Alexandria and was there for some time. Caesar visited it supposedly. After one upheaval it was probably looted and then lost to time

[@voskreglavincevska3651]

They are hiding his tomb now recently ,because of wrong DNA testing . He was not "Greek " at all but Viking !

[@mrbond8975]

@@voskreglavincevska3651 HAHAHAHAHHHAH whatever you say, all your barbarian ancestors ever did at that time was build huts lmao

[@voskreglavincevska3651]

@@mrbond8975 Oh , huts ? The bigest fortress in Europe was build by Filipov The Second in Ohrid, North Macedonia !

[@mrbond8975]

@@voskreglavincevska3651 ohhhh so you are not a Viking, you are a soft brain Bulgarian, how is the city of Monastiri? Soon the Greek flag will fly over that historic Greek city once again and your pathetic little army won’t do anything about it 🤣🤣

[@conspiracycracker5254]

Its hard to do this story justice but this presentation came close.

[@samm6114]

Loved this! Love Alexander and his mighty steed :) Thank you!

[@johnwicksfoknpencil]

Steven Pressfield’s description of Bucephalus and the importance of picking the right horse to lead a charge will stick with me forever. So many life lessons and metaphors to be found in those paragraphs.

[@faegrace7313]

Just finished reading his book! He does such a great job of illustrating the relationship between the two.

[@disgustedvet9528]

Horses and dogs made humanity great .

[@gelisgeo1309]

Bucephalus (ΒΟΥΚΕΦΑΛΑΣ) belong to a specific Thessalian Greek horse with a big head like an ox and this is the meaning of his name in greek language.. Bouc : ox + cephalas : head .

[@albarmy1]

Same meaning in old albanian. Bull/Boull means wild ox and khiafa (similar to cephalos) means neck/head.

[@albarmy1]

Also we use the world Buoc/Buc for wild ox/cows. They still have herds of them in certain areas of Albania.

[@mikered1974]

@@albarmy1 Albanian > Turks , ILYRIANS > went extinct either Absorbed by Croatians Slavs or Migrated to Italy especially Venice in the time of Dark ages | so basically you Albanians have no Connection whats over to Ancient ILYRIANS maybe Croatians .

[@albarmy1]

@@mikered1974 since albanians are still here it means Illyrians didn't go extinct. If italians are descendants of romans or greeks are descendants of hellenic people then albanians are of Illyrian stock since we are natives in western Balkans. Deal with it. You are probably a serb or greek so your opinion doesn't count on this matter.

[@mikered1974]

@@albarmy1 nahh... im not even european im from Farther East Asia we don't have any Identical Crisis we have a proud History & Culture Unlike You "Turkish Feeling Someones" who steal other History & Cultures and also there is DNA test conducted in past and you people in now Albania has a Lot percentage of Turkish/ SLAVS in yours DNA yeah you have some small amount of Greeks and just Tiny ilyrians DNA in your veins, but suprisingly Croatians a Predominantly Slavs indentity have more "ILYRIANS DNA than Albanians" and Croatians never claim themselves ILYRIANS.

[@brokenbridge6316]

A truly special friendship can be between a man n his horse. And Alexander and Bucephalus would be a 1st class example of this. Great video.

[@divifilius2357]

This vid was just as majestic as the bond shared between Alexander and Bucephalus. Thanks!

[@Brandazzo22]

In the anime Fate Zero, Bucephalus breaks rules of space and time to link up with Alexander (Iskandar) to help him fight Assassin and Giglamesh. Bucephalus gets the award for most loyal and adorable heroic spirit.

[@doubleOR1]

I literally shed two tears watching this.

[@overzone666]

Love these videos man! Plz keep it up!!!

[@gregorymcn1894]

Wonderful,, thank you for all your hard work.

[@TemporaryINTER135]

Honestly the first time I ever heard of the Warhorse Bucephalus was when Iskandar King of Conquerors used his NP Ionioi Hetairoi

[@fortdimitri2365]

it shouldn't be forgoten that Alexander also had a teacher training him in pankratio and the art of war named Leonidas the lakedemonian (not the one from the 300 but same city same name xD )

[@SquirrelGrrl]

Again, I am blown away by the quality of Invicta's narratives!

[@alexandros8361]

Thanks. This was well done. Bucephalus knew he was special and in a special position. Very brave too. Leading the other horses into the charge at battles.

[@emanflores8983]

can we get similar topics to this? it was really well done

[@matthewlentz2894]

Bucephalus actually means ox head so Alexander was literally calling his beloved horse a numbskull.

[@deirdregibbons5609]

Very interesting fact. I read that the name might have come from a bullhead brand on the stallion.

[@swanify69]

go to show us that its in the intent not the word that makes it .

[@MrRobert2467]

You are wrong Mate ,Bucephalus have completely another meaning, Buce - means Wilde , indomabile . PHalus -or phalur means that it was given as a gift , try to know what language the young Alexander spoke.His mother Olympia was from Epirus,and Philip was Macedonian ,neither of them spoke Greek

[@wewuzirlyriliansandshiiit6123]

@@MrRobert2467 lol

[@panosc2705]

@@MrRobert2467 lol both of them were Greek, even their name says so(look for etymology) , it's not rocket science buddy. Open a book and stop being moron

[@stevenmiller7267]

I have to say. I truly understand the relationship that took place between man and beast. I had a Belgian Shepherd Dog. This dog was smart, and like Alexander's horse.. this dog was one with me. Went everywhere 24-7 with me. This dog knew what I was thinking before I commanded it. And leeped before i got 3 words out.. Amazingly fulfilling my thought.. it is possible for man and beast to connect in such manner.. love the story. And seen the movie with Collin Ferrel ALEXANDER THE GREAT

[@JBaseball777]

Super interesting, thanks for telling it!

[@awesomehpt8938]

RIP horsey

[@rudywooders9602]

that horse breed still exists in Thessaly ,Greece

[@Russia-bullies]

Thanks for featuring a horse & for the informative show.🐎

[@joaomotta1501]

Great work man!!! Congrats!!!

[@vangelisskia214]

"Your ancestors came to Macedonia and THE REST OF HELLAS (Greece) and did us great harm, though we had done them no prior injury. I have been appointed LEADER OF THE GREEKS, and wanting to punish the Persians I have come to Asia, which I took from you..." Alexander the Great Alexander's letter to Persian king Darius in response to a truce plea, as quoted in Anabasis Alexandri by Arrian; translated as Anabasis of Alexander by P. A. Brunt, for the "Loeb Edition" Book II 14, 4

[@huntclanhunt9697]

The Ionian Revolt = Alexander was full of crap.

[@mrels6903]

buchephalus is followed by incitatus and napoleon's white horse as the most famous horses in history, true legends

[@eltonjohntubola3212]

Lu Bu's horse Red Hare is considered one of the 3 treasures of Ancient China.

[@ineshvaladolenc6559]

@@eltonjohntubola3212 Slight correction. It's Red Hare (赤兔).

[@eltonjohntubola3212]

@@ineshvaladolenc6559 my bad.

[@HistoryJunkie]

This is so fricking cool, Bucephalus is awesome.

[@reveriesend4668]

I don't know how long were Macedonian horses supposed to live, but if we apply modern standard, Bucephalus would have at least been 25 years old when he died, possibly longer. That's equivalent to around 70 years old of human age. By this time most modern horses would have started to dry out and started thinning as to fit the changes in their metabolism, so the idea of taking them for hours and days on a baggage train (even if he's the one being carried) is... well, quite strenuous? Alexander prob had whole herds of Bucephalus' mares and foals with him all the time, and selected ones that looked like their Dad as his personal public ride. They'd be wearing the royal garment, so most plebs who had never seen the horse before wouldn't be able to tell. Having royal horsepacks established along the way as he was campaigning was also beneficial as cavalry became an important role tactically and a great position politically. Having a mythical horseline for his own usage sounded like a great political tool for Alexander. I can imagine Macedonian's best riders being giddy at the idea of being given one of Bucephalus' sons as a reward for their prowess and achievement. I'd like to imagine that while Bucephalus the original remained in training for the rest of his life, Alexander only took him to actual battlefield when he felt like the actual fighting he would face would require a trusty, level-headed, experienced warhorse. Such was prob the case in the Battle of Hydaspes, considering difficult terrain and expected enemies he would face (elephants). Most horses spook at the sight of an animal larger than them, but Bucephalus was experienced, brave, possessive, groomed to be "a king of his own", and prob had a big head (literal big head), thus he had the presence to go toe to toe with an elephant and set example for the rest of the horses and men. Alexander was also recorded as not being that big of a person, so a big headed horse such as Bucephalus seemed like a perfecf fit as a standing Bucephalus would have been able to cover Alexander completely from any incoming attack from the front.

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

Horses are a soldier’s best friend… Until they run out of food…

[@jandrews6254]

Only the horses run out

[@stefthorman8548]

well this is the alexanders horse we're talking about, i'm sure he'll commit cannibalism before killing his horse

[@elisabethandersen1102]

Anyone thats ever had a horse for 18 years knows how amazingly important they become. No dog even compares.

[@swanify69]

thank you, that was beautiful.

[@Eldagusto]

I like the legend that Bucephalus was a descendant of the Mares of Diomedes.

[@deirdregibbons5609]

Great video! I like your comment on Macedonian horses and their build as warhorse. Bucephalus might have had some Turkmene horse breed in his ancestry (or maybe was even pure Turkmene). This was an ancient horse breed from Central Asia that was prized as a cavalry horse in Ancient Greece for its hardiness and speed. They were also known as Nissean horses, Turkoman and Parthian horses. In Ancient China they were called Horses of Heaven. The breed is extinct now but a close modern day descendent is the Akhal Teke, and other horse breeds like the Marwari have Turkmene in their ancestry. Bucephalus has been portrayed in art as a black horse but also as a bay (red brown color with black mane and tail and legs) horse. Maybe he was a very very dark, almost black, bay color known as mahogany bay. In the summer sunlight his coat would lighten to classic reddish brown bay. Or maybe Alexander had several horses he used in battle, along with Bucephalus.

[@polytrelaras1]

Not a historical fact. Turkmenes arrived in Central Asia around 10century AD that is 1300-1500 years later en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmens

[@deirdregibbons5609]

@@polytrelaras1 Thank you for pointing that out.

[@iLLeag7e]

That was a cool story. Thanks!

[@kevinnorwood8782]

One of my favorite scenes in the Colin Farrell Alexander The Great film is the scene where young Alexander figures out that Bucephalus is afraid of his shadow and helps him overcome that fear. So imagine how much my mind was blown when I learned that scene ACTUALLY HAPPENED in history!

[@jasons2199]

Fun fact: the name Bucephalus means bullhead in ancient greek

[@TheSaneHatter]

Thank you for noting Xenophon's contribution to equestrian literature, which some purported students of the classical world either didn't know about, or thought was unimportant next to his other contributions (when in fact, it was the first known work of its kind).

[@militemus77]

Excelente, excelente!!

[@Fightbreak]

Dude, that was amazing

[@Big_E_Soul_Fragment]

Ah yes, one of the Emperor of Mankind's golden space boat.....oh wait

[@Sintaba_Gold]

I want an anime where someone gets Isekaid back in time as Bucephalus

[@tonyng3285]

You want to be ridden? OwO

[@tonym2513]

Excellent episode.

[@mosesracal6758]

Among the many "greats", Alexander is the only one who earned it deservedly - the Great. His entire story is like a novel come true, no wonder even the Romans wanted to be like him, or us talking about him centuries later.

[@pontusrosholm]

Could you do a video on Hannibal’s war elephant? I believe it was nicked named the Syrian

[@Brandazzo22]

It's widely believed by historians now that the story of Hannibal bringing a few over war elephants across the alps was a Roman historical invention. See the video the History's guy video about Hannibal's elephants for the all the details.

[@panos617]

When I was a boy, I always dream to be like Alexander The Great.

[@barnettmcgowan8978]

Great video!

[@robbabcock_]

An iconic duo! 🏹⚔🐎

[@Angelimir]

It's BuKephalos. It's a Greek word (quite obviously), not a Latin one.

[@Angelimir]

@Some thing they pronounced the 'ph' correctly at least 🤷‍♂️

[@Angelimir]

@@Zeerich-yx9po English is indeed weird(er than most) when it comes to pronouncing Latin or Greek names, however, let's face it, the softening of K to S(/CH/TS, as per regional practice, according to standard historical pronounciation of Ecclesiastical Latin) is done basically all modern languages, as the speakers generally don't realize this phenomenon does not exist in Greek.

[@TheAchilles26]

Latin also pronounces all Cs hard.

[@SimonAshworthWood]

Plot twist: Bucephalus (“Ox Head”) was actually an ox. 😉

[@shaider1982]

Meh, he probably was a dog. Only a dog would be that faithful🤣✌

[@SimonAshworthWood]

@@shaider1982 Maybe... but other species have saved people, including dolphins and even cats. Do a websearch and you'll see. So...maybe Bucephalus was actually a dolphin?

[@northumbriabushcraft1208]

I never thought about the fact Alexander would of had his own horse, for whatever reason it just didn't cross my mind. Really good video as usual though, bravo! :D

[@DGordillo123]

Stories of animales in History are always fascinating!!!

[@mk9650]

It's actually pronounced Voukephálas

[@bkern8536]

Not in English