C++ OOP - What is encapsulation in programming?

Encapsulation is one of the most important characteristics of Object-Oriented Programming. Encapsulation helps in data hiding and is used to prevent direct access to data. In order to access that data, public methods are exposed, and the user can change and access private members of the class only by using those public methods.
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Common question:
Why should we use encapsulation when it is much easier to access and change properties if we don't?
The answer is because we don't want to allow other developers to change and access everything they want, but we want to expose only properties that they should be able to see and change, and they can use them only if they obey the rules that we define. In that way, our data stays safe from outside misuse, because if you allow someone to have full permissions and do whatever he/she wants, it's just a matter of time when that person will wander off the intended way of building that system, create some complex overkill logic that is hard to understand, make things very dependent on one another, write duplicated code, etc.
So there are many benefits related to encapsulation: easier to maintain the code, hides the data, easier to test, reusable...
Let me give you one simple example of an application that can be used only by people that are 18+ years old. When the user registers, he enters his age, and there you have to check if his age is greater than 18.
If it is, he should be able to use the app, but if it is not, throw him an error.
Imagine also that the mentioned application has the option to edit user data. That means that the user can change his age after registration as well, so you would have to check again if age greater than 18 and behave accordingly, so writing the same code once more.
And then, if all of a sudden someone decides that the app will be for people who are 21+ only, you have two places where you need to make that change. (This is a simple example, changing 18 with 21 is easy, and having two places where you need to do that is easy, imagine having some complex logic that you need to change in 20 places)
What you can do instead is you can do the "age greater than 18" logic in the setter, and save the user's age if he is older than 18, and then write an error is he is not. That way each time that you want to set a value for the Age property, the same logic is executed, and each time that you have to change something, you do that in one place only.
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i've tried to learn oop concepts from half a dozen sources . this is by far the most practical example i've seen . thank you,and keep up the good work!

[@johnnyshinnichi1785]

Same here. Very well explained.

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Started with oop concepts, I got stucked & then these explanation on c++ oop help me a lot - thanks a lot 😊

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Thanks for keeping it simple, please keep these videos coming.

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from kenya i have never subscribed to any youtube chanell and this is the first one dear, Thanks alot, i have been looking for some one with good explanation like yours

[@theKuntalPaul.]

I started watching the OOP playlist as a part of my preparation process with the constructor video and I must say your explanations are very precise and to the point. Instead of dumping out every piece of information, you walk us through the concepts with a possible realistic scenario. Hope to see more content from your side. ❤

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She should actually be my tutor in the university rather than these boring tutors that work just for money and just want to finish work.

[@kevin_mitchell]

Some tutorials from other sources make the program example they use very complex with hundreds of lines of code with advanced concepts unrelated to the topic they're explaining, making it extremely difficult to follow along with and code it themselves to see how it works. It seems like they are trying to impress other advanced programmers with their coding skills rather than educate their students.

[@nirbhaykumarchaubey8777]

I too learnt constructors from her

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Preparing for an exam tomorrow. 🥴 Crash course!! Really helpful, the playlist. Thanks for awesome Content!

[@Progged]

so inside the class under the public access modifier : void setName(string name) { Name = name; } string getName() { return Name; }

[@imSky69]

this playlis is really helpfull to me , i wanted to thank you so much because of the effort that you made , keep shining up lady

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hello Saldina this is John from freecode camp and i love the effort thanls for sharing

[@SHIVAMSHUKLA-be7zj]

by far the best definition ... thank you

[@tawansiforlifetfl9987]

Thank you so much for your videos and your time. I have been studying OOP for this semester and I did not understand a word from my Professors. Your OOP Course on Free Code Camp Yt Channel has helped me a lot plus I am a subscriber to your channel and watched the Html and css playlist and C++ for beginners. You are a great tutor. PS Note: Try to keep your smile in every video because it is very nice.

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Hope you get to 10k+ subs very, very soon.

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Your videos are awesome! Very helpful.

[@sebgoesgaming2807]

Thanks! I think it would be a good idea if you add chapter markers in the progress bar

[@ahmadalr1990]

you're amazing in the way you guide us step by step,, thanks a lot Selina

[@rameshwarprasad4722]

Amazing,clear and to the point explanation with a very relatable example. Keep up the good work.👍

[@CodeBeauty]

Thanks. 😊 I wanted to use something different from the examples that are usually used because there are a lot of those on the internet, so this came to mind. I'm glad that it's clear and understandable.

[@rameshwarprasad4722]

@@CodeBeauty Being a supporter and beneficiary of your content and knowledge I would like to praise you for choosing to teach C++ because C++ is one of those tools that have immense power but people avoid it because it requires deeper understanding. I surely believe that every fundamental topic related to memory , cpu and all that power c++ has we will be able to witness it on this channel with your kind efforts. Consider it just a mere suggestion. And thanks for the videos.👍🙏

[@clasherboytanjim5576]

I just love u and your smooth explanation ❤❤

[@leonardopantoja7121]

Me gusto el video, hasta el momento voy entendiendo. Gracias.

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She is the most beautiful coding teacher

[@tumusiimebrian3745]

Thank you so much Saldina... keep going.... waiting for videos on Vectors🙏🙏🙏pliiiiiiiiiiz🛐

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The way you explaining I started falling in love with coding..😇❤️

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don't be fool ! be aware that Beauty is really ...a beauty. She has aesthetic physical attributes ! You might have fallen in love with the teacher instead, which is good, anyway, to increase the learning slope !

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Clear n awesome lecture...

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Very helpful!

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You're so talented keep the good work

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Thank you!

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You both teach us code and show us beuty i love you for that

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Keep going!

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Thanks for you effort.🙂

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I learned a lot thanks

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Your videos are amazing!

[@ephraimokoriko2926]

I really wish I got to know about your videos two years ago

[@nigahzahra6402]

Great work mam, Please make vedio on object relationships: association, aggregation and composition.

[@killaburribo]

you explain this much better than my professor, thank you!

[@dev.antunes]

Obrigado, Saldina! =)

[@Hiracreationalz]

Thank you so muvh for these videos

[@Vovastrugac]

Big thanks for your work !

[@CodeBeauty]

My pleasure!

[@georgeemmanuel3155]

Hi! Saldina, please will you show me the different between Abstraction and Encapsulation. these two principles are always confusing me, please I need your assistant. Thank you!

[@gourikirti5100]

Amazing work

[@salmanahmadsultanmohammad1231]

What is the difference between encapsulation and abstraction ?

[@ulquiorra417ify]

Muchas gracias! :D

[@builder6189]

Keep Rocking !

[@hafizmuhamad5966]

very clear explanation, im from malaysia

[@user-ox1is2th6f]

i am asking about the small buttons you use when you open those constructors small buttons in number 12 and 13 how did you do that how did you hide?thank you

[@information23703]

very nice explanation.Love from Kashmir.

[@mufindmakaya4516]

so amazing your videos

[@mahmoudyosry9409]

thank you for that , i found your channel by coincidence and i found you are a great instructor that provides a clear explanation , i like the way you provide an example, keep going. can you explain move constructor , copy constructor , move assignment , copy assignment in next videos??

[@CodeBeauty]

Thanks a lot! Some of those topics are already on my TODO list! 🤓

[@ashrsfsiliman452]

Thank you for your great job

[@CodeBeauty]

🥰🥰

[@user-ox1is2th6f]

hi may i ask how did you hide those info constructors number 12 and 13 im asking the button in the left what command you use?thank you stay safe

[@gmmkeshav]

Love you for making videos in night for us

[@subee128]

Thanks

[@chityinoo6150]

i really love u teacher Saldina

[@hkjhh2363]

Hi Saldida, thank you for video. Are you going to post video about setters and getters as well?

[@day4834]

Hi, you may find some useful information here www.w3schools.com/cpp/cpp_encapsulation.asp

[@technicalteam3298]

you are really a nice teacher, till now I am not able to grasp the concepts of oops but because of your lucid explanation I am able to make it. thank you so much 🙂 getter setter methods-- public: void getter(){ int ChannelName = " peaky blinders"; } void setter(int setname){ setname = ChannelName; }

[@diegocamposjimenez666]

how are you using integer values to strings? What compiler are you using that didn't underline this error?

[@basit3037]

@@diegocamposjimenez666 lmao thats funy xD

[@thiruselvan5499]

you are really a nice teacher, till now I am not able to grasp the concepts of oops but because of your lucid explanation I am able to make it. thank you so much 🙂 getter setter methods-- public: void getter(){ int ChannelName = " peaky blinders"; } void setter(int setname){ setname = ChannelName; } should be int ChannelName str ChannelName right

[@stellaroasis]

@@thiruselvan5499 its still set to int , change it to string

[@lickguitars1276]

would we need a getter if we had a class method, if we had a private member would we need a constructor

[@Abhishek_Poddar]

Ma'am...lots of thanks ...for these .. quality contents...these are literally so much understandable and relatable...plz keep it on... I have a doubt which may sound silly to u...😅but i m not able to click it in my mind... That one of the main purpose of using encapsulation is security too ...but i wanna say what's the security left if we can access the data members via getter and setter ..? I' m not able to get it .. though i have tried to google it everywhere also in ur other video of combined lecture of cpp .. I hope i'll get my anwer ❤️😣😣 Plz take a piece of code of "employee security of a company"

[@afrazhussain3778]

mam why you use string name why not char*name is making pointer a good practice for string or not

[@Rawan-cx9xk]

can u explain linked list and stack please with oop?

[@40wattstudio41]

Ok, this is one I'll have to study more . . . .

[@philosophia5577]

which font you are using in your editor tab?

[@shubhamkambale7515]

Hi please make video on data structure and algorithms please...........

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You look great as your content ❤

[@riddhabose9653]

Please make a video on C++ STL ! Amazing Work 👍!

[@CodeBeauty]

That could be a topic for some of my future videos. I'm interested though, do you need it for school, work, or are you doing competitive programming or something else? ☺️

[@pranjalverma9171]

@@CodeBeauty For CP perspective

[@pranjalverma9171]

Till then can u suggest some resources to move forward!

[@riddhabose9653]

@@CodeBeauty I personally need it for competitive programming. If you can make a video on it, it would be really great !

[@Local.man.]

thank you

[@anuragghoshh]

Everytime you were explaining the source code, My attention was on your source code. Everytime you ran the program for the output, My attention was on you!!😍❤👅

[@ZeeshanAbbasiplanz]

so setter takes value, getter prints value is that it

[@3yousif]

why we have to put them in private and then create a method to modify them. private means we constantly want them to be untouched ; do we learn that for future need or I miss understand something

[@CodeBeauty]

Why should we use encapsulation when it is much easier to access and change properties if we don't? That is a good question. The answer is because we don't want to allow other developers to change and access everything they want, but we want to expose only properties that they should be able to see and change, and they can use them only if they obey the rules that we define. In that way, our data stays safe from outside misuse, because if you allow someone to have full permissions and do whatever he/she wants, it's just a matter of time when that person will wander off the intended way of building that system, create some complex overkill logic that is hard to understand, make things very dependent on one another, write duplicated code, etc. So there are many benefits related to encapsulation: easier to maintain the code, hides the data, easier to test, reusable... Let me give you one simple example of an application that can be used only by people that are 18+ years old. When the user registers, he enters his age, and there you have to check if his age is >18. If it is, he should be able to use the app, but if it is not, throw him an error. Imagine also that the mentioned application has the option to edit user data. That means that the user can change his age after registration as well, so you would have to check again if age >18 and behave accordingly, so writing the same code once more. And then, if all of a sudden someone decides that the app will be for people who are 21+ only, you have two places where you need to make that change. (This is a simple example, changing 18 with 21 is easy, and having two places where you need to do that is easy, imagine having some complex logic that you need to change in 20 places) What you can do instead is you can do the "age >18" logic in the setter, and save the user's age if he is >18, and then write an error is he is not. That way each time that you want to set a value for the Age property, the same logic is executed, and each time that you have to change something, you do that in one place only. 😊

[@MrCoral821]

Love your content ! Thank you and send love from Israel

[@limemmontassar3690]

from palestine ? GOOD

[@MrCoral821]

​@@limemmontassar3690 Funny. Can I encapsulate brainwashed comments?

[@milanrai1556]

your code @5:23 is not running in MacOs, xcode.

[@ronjackson8829]

Does push_back turn the list into a vector, as in PublishedVideoTitles.push_back(title)?

[@NoNameNoShame22]

No, it simply adds an element.

[@madalinavarga3337]

i accepted your challenge and thank you

[@arijkhan2516]

for your setName function, you should have this-> name = name. So that this way the computer knows which name you are referring to!

[@ShepardCommander11]

If anyone was curious about the above, basically you use "this->" to access the private data field variable (Name) and assign the private data field variable the parameter variable of the method (Name) that the user will specify in the main(), whether its hardcoded " " like CodeBeauty is doing, or user inputted via a cin.

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Love your content! Thank you and send love from Pakistan

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Everyone should subscribe for both beauties,Code beauty and actual beauty

[@edeathg1459]

nice bubaa, btw really nice video

[@infiniteone783]

The more I watch, the more I realize C++ is a lot like Java, or at least the basics seem to be. Getter & Setter string getName() { return Name; } void setName(string name) { Name = name; }

[@CodeBeauty]

C++ is a very powerful language, and it has strongly influenced many other languages, among them is Java. Because of that, there are a lot of similarities between them. But you can find some important differences as well, especially if you dive deep into both of those languages. Yep, that is the example of setter and getter! 😊

[@tanyatyagi3649]

Thankssss

[@garvitrajput8491]

please make a vidoe on c++ stL !

[@yolamontalvan9502]

Yeah, I use them a Lot, but she seems to know stuffs that I don’t know.

[@kmalnasef1512]

Thank you before watching this video I thought encapsulation means that we should put data and the methods relate to those data inside a unit called "class " !!!

[@alonalon8794]

By accessing private variables via public methods, the principle of encapsulation isn't violated? In other words, what's the difference between accessing private variables through public methods and defining the variables as public and then accessing them directly?

[@day4834]

I read that it's good practice to declare your class attributes as private. Also, you only allow access to those private attributes you want for data security purposes.

[@sidratultushin4879]

My students, focus on what you are here for🙂

[@sofienbenmahmoud1563]

saldina i love you

[@yahatkunnarak1919]

🔥❤

[@dev.antunes]

So, Encapsulation is all about making get and set methods for properties and raw methods, like in Java?

[@CodeBeauty]

Yep, OOP concepts are the same for all OOP languages, and encapsulation is one of those concepts. There is also an example in the description of the video that might be interesting to read related to "why to use encapsulation" 😊

[@antran540]

@@CodeBeauty what is the point of encapsulation because users are still able to modify private members indirectly through methods?

[@barsyilmaz3485]

@@antran540 is right. I agree with him. What's your idea?

[@mcalex4747]

@@antran540 The subscriber part for example, it's by 1, If someone subscribes to you, you won't have 1 mil subs, but 1. If the user can choose how many subs should be, it won't be ok. So you have a rule, and you make the user respect it.

[@root8272]

@@antran540 The theory is that you have the ability to change the way it gives an actual value if you need to. For example, if you needed to perform a calculation on the raw data, and that calculation might change over time, then you can rest assured that the consumer of your class will get the proper values back without having to change their code because you can make the change in your getter method, and the consumer doesn't have to deal with the calculation in their own code. If it's a setter method, it could validate data beyond something like a simple defined datatype could do. Due to differences in feature sets between languages, it works better in certain languages than others, and I can't say whether C++ is actually the best language to be doing this. The important thing is that if you're working on a code base that does utilize this, you know what is going on. It's a very common practice in the industry due to the popularity of Java, and its heavy use of this style by Java programmers. Prior to Java, this was not the way to do things. In recent times, there has also been some push back on this.

[@relytheone853]

Been aware of programming for years, but never programmed anything.

[@CodeBeauty]

Try a couple of tutorials from the beginning and let me know how it goes. Welcome! 😊

[@ziquaftynny9285]

I've been aware of astronauts for years too, but never gone to space...

[@abbassadri5099]

Lovely outfit😍

[@alexzanderegwuatu6298]

You pretty and so smart.. thank u

[@rohitjoshi2384]

Excellent teaching.. with a bit of (soft) distractions....mmmm actually two of them...😶

[@vsp2611]

Hottest Coding Teacher Award goes to Saldina Nurak❤❤

[@shinymp7691]

Wow.

[@ThiyaguShanmugam]

I just came to see u, never mind about the topic.

[@mrfred456123]

Lol Me Too... I saw her on Traversy Media Channel

[@mujibulhaquetanim]

Tharki😂

[@raunvk]

Simp

[@codecspy3479]

Why is encapsulation even needed if we can anyway access and update the data variables declared as private using member functions. What are we hiding here ? We are just not letting the user to directly access the data variables but indirectly we are letting the user to access them using member functions. We are not hiding anything here !!! Correct me if i am wrong.

[@kamalsabki8103]

At least in most OO languages, encapsulation is roughly equivalent to the lock on the door of a bathroom. It's not intended to keep anybody out if they really insist on entering. It is intended as a courtesy to let people know that entering will lead mostly to: embarrassment, and a stinking mess. "answer founded in stackoverflow "

[@codecspy3479]

@@kamalsabki8103 Thanks for this. Its clear for me now. !!

[@user-vo9pd5yc3f]

turn off the cam i cant focus😂

[@andrewsavage4557]

😂

[@aj4337]

Learning from your channel in 2024 and It's really helpful and easy to understand std::cout

[@CodeBeauty]

I'm happy to hear that ❤️

[@adnanaman4391]

What are the informal resources you used while learning cpp for the first time? ​ Love from Bangladesh ❤ @CodeBeauty

[@kingrobert6249]

❤️

[@shuvrodas932]

void getname(){ cout

[@ADAM-qd9bi]

Nice

[@root8272]

This actually isn't a valid getter because it doesn't return anything.

[@miaflorida9410]

Damnnn you are really pretty absolutely amazing

[@subhammishra3433]

Kya teacher m yr.... Ab toh isii se padhna h

[@fusiontv5269]

9:08

[@mechee1747]

Isn't it common practice to put a "_" at the start of every private variable to easily see that it's a private variable? Example: string _Name, _OwnerName; int _SubscriberCount;. My background involves Arduinos which gave me a good base knowledge on C++ but I'm learning the language outside of the Arduino platform. Your videos made that process so much easier. Keep up the good work!

[@root8272]

This naming convention varies by code base. It's best to do it if that is what is already being done everywhere else or if there is a rule/style guide that mentions it, but it is certainly not considered a de facto way of doing things in C++, and there are some who actively discourage it.

[@diegocamposjimenez666]

Well, as root said, it varies between developers as I like to use underscored names in the class method instead.