Can a Boat Float In Supercritical Fluid?

[@TheActionLab]

For those who didn't like the shaking, I motion stabilized the entire video and posted it on my second channel. Here you go! kzbin.info/www/bejne/l5SpnI2ferGBaMk. Sorry for shaking it so much! I thought one of the most interesting things is watching how the liquid waves change. And also when the meniscus is almost gone, you can’t really see anything unless it’s moving. But point taken if I ever do this again, I will do less shakes, lol.

[@AttentionRead]

Dumb question maybe but why if it is 1000 psi the Styrofoam not crush?

[@TomerBrosh]

Make sure the table wont screak so bad next time 😂

[@RandomDeforge]

it was a little bit annoying to watch, but reading your explanation makes it less annoying. so maybe being more descriptive with your actions would help next time. thanks for doing what you do.

[@kusam7384]

Shakes were cool btw I liked them. Please do it as you did, cause this is the reason we are here!

[@pcfreak1992]

I didn't mind it honestly :D

[@kunalgautam9042]

"scientist shakes a bomb for 9 minutes"

[@Neuro_nActivation]

Scientists write stuff down, he's more like messing around

[@jamesshelton308]

@@Neuro_nActivation They say the difference between science and screwing around is writing down your results

[@junovzla]

@@Neuro_nActivation recording it on video is kind of a way of writing stuff down

[@Lozzie74]

@BelieveandrepenttoJesusChrist8feel better for writing that down?

[@TheDamagedKoda]

Him holding a bomb moving it around up and down shaking it and playing with it lol

[@Qermaq]

"I'm kinda nervous about using this much pressure" proceeds to shake the apparatus over and over. :D

[@KarldorisLambley]

do you think a gentle shaking will dislodge loads of very long bolts? lol

[@Qermaq]

@@KarldorisLambley I do not. But it's amusing to see someone go from nervous to confident with the equipment. Less funny when you explain the joke.

[@HuyV]

Proceeds to heat it, which weakens the material

[@Peron1-MC]

@@Qermaqwhat joke. him shaking it is not going to raise the pressure. he just wants to make the layers combine faster and to show the liquid surface disappearing.

[@Peron1-MC]

@@HuyVhe heats it to raise the pressure. its part of the experiment and what the chamber is built for XD

[@brendanmassaro9595]

Buddy I think I've got bigger problems if I'm on a lake thats going supercritical

[@MindOfT1m]

🤣

[@delcogoblin]

lmfao

[@AmaroqStarwind]

Like instantly dissolving/oxidizing in the supercritical water!

[@Vegetable_____V]

Thats an US moment

[@everydayearrape]

That's probably why he's testing boats and not humans lol

[@MongooseReflexes]

I only thing I thought during this entire video was: "STOP SHAKING THE DAMN THING!".

[@Peron1-MC]

wow so many people apperently got distracted by that XD

[@SpydersByte]

he was shaking it to show the effect, otherwise youd just be watching a line slowly disappear which wouldve been far more boring, the number of people complaining about this is insane

[@Gocrybozo]

​@@SpydersByteyou really believe everything you read on the Internet... Lmfao clown

[@chang.stanley]

​@@SpydersByte Shake it every once in a while. Not continuously. Was so irritating

[@CJ2808]

​@@SpydersByte"otherwise youd be watching a line disappear l" thats the fucking point of this dude. Get a grip.

[@brendanward2991]

Everyone is supercritical about the shaking.

[@ZoonCrypticon]

Yes, I got motion sick.

[@drb0mb]

*hypercritical

[@susanlawens3776]

Yeah. I kept thinking about how he said that that pressure makes him nervous, and then he keeps shaking it, lol.

[@douglasg14b]

The problem is the whole table appears to shake at a low enough intensity that everything on screen moves a LOT but there inst much affect on the actual container relative to the movement. Which is very disorientating.

[@Stranger_Box1]

@@drb0mb ._.

[@Efreeti]

Good to know I'm not the only one who couldn't handle the shaking.

[@Sheepsbane00]

My boss: "This report is super critical." Me: "Ah! So much pressure!"

[@AKuTepion]

"This report is super critical, if you don't do your job in time, you'll sink."

[@meep_poggerson]

ah

[@Caberbalschnit]

Here dammit, take my like. Sucker for dad jokes.

[@Seven3four1]

Read this comment and immediately thought of mark normand.

[@davidbuckley334]

A missing observation here is that the styrofoam got absolutely crushed. While it's in there you can tell the surface that was mostly smooth at the beginning is dimpled inward significantly. But then at the end 7:51 when he's handling it, you can see that the former half sphere is now a bowl. Styrofoam is normally less than 100 g/L density, so for it to sink in a 400 g/L fluid means that it must be squished to less than a quarter of its original volume.

[@petesmith13]

You could basically get the same result here with regular water and compressed air, I remember a children's science experiment where you can make a toy submarine dive and surface just by squeezing the bottle it's in... Foam gets a lot of its buoyancy from the air trapped in it, increasing the pressure around it and compressing the trapped air in it reduces it's buoyancy

[@user-lb9cd2dx5l]

The real answers are always in the comments. The videos are shaky at best.

[@caydennormanton9682]

@@user-lb9cd2dx5l Ha! Nice pun, have my like.

[@robertbackhaus8911]

This needs to be done with something that isn't a foam. And then the question is easy, and just depends on how dense the object you choose is - is it more of less dense than the mass of the CO₂ you use divided by the volume of your chamber.

[@BigLongRandomNumberNameM-kf9vy]

​@@user-lb9cd2dx5l haaa Shaky

[@drfroglegs]

That's the coolest demonstration of a supercritical fluid I've seen. Kudos

[@nbvehbectw5640]

Have you seen NileBlue's video? I think that one is on the same level, maybe a little better in some places.

[@junovzla]

wouldn't you mean, hottest?

[@ztornow]

The sound of that shaking table was painful.

[@Barnaclebeard]

So is the voice.

[@graciegjj]

Cope

[@jpe1]

I just had a job interview for a company that uses supercritical CO2 as a solvent in industrial processes, I wish I had seen this video before my interview, very cool to actually *see* the phase transitions! Note that both liquid and supercritical CO2 are compressible, so those density figures are pressure and temperature dependent.

[@vincentdreemurr]

don't swim in it

[@GilmerJohn]

Was it super-critical CO2 or just liquid CO2? It's pretty easy to have industrial quantities of liquid CO2 but a real PITA to have even relatively small amounts of super critical CO2.

[@AttilaAsztalos]

If they use knowledge of supercritical phenomenon as a hiring filter, they are fucking idiots. That's about as job-specific as it gets and it's THEIR job to teach you any pertaining knowledge.

[@jpe1]

@@GilmerJohninsightful question! The company currently has commercial processes that use supercritical CO2, but the owner just got a patent for a new process that will use liquid CO2, for precisely the advantages you cite, much lower costs for pumps, pipes, and containers.

[@KaelinatorPVP]

Did you get the job?

[@b33thr33kay]

Super cool idea, but I need to criticise some things: - you covered the thing with your hand at the beginning when releasing the pressure; - stop shaking it please; - the word you're looking for is "interface"; the meniscus is the bending or "climbing" of the liquid along the walls of the container.

[@sszone-yt6vb]

Well he was shaking it to make the line visible. I guess most people don't want to see that part of transition? Interesting thing on Google: meniscus seems to be the bending of the liquid on the surface directly. In the middle not the walls.

[@caydennormanton9682]

@@sszone-yt6vb The definition I got was simply "the liquid-gas boundary".

[@pattheplanter]

@@caydennormanton9682 The word comes from the Greek for "crescent" and refers to the curved part of the surface of the liquid where it meets the container, not the centre of the surface. Unless there is very little surface and it is all curved, as in a capillary tube. The OED has: "The convex or concave upper surface of a body of liquid resulting from the effects of surface tension and capillarity where the surface meets the walls of a container."

[@caydennormanton9682]

@@pattheplanter I looked into this further, and the definition you provided is the most accurate, and my simplified definition is incorrect: "A meniscus is the curved surface of a liquid in a container, influenced by the interplay of cohesive forces within the liquid and adhesive forces between the liquid and the container. The meniscus forms at the interface where the liquid contacts the container walls. If the adhesive forces between the liquid and the container are stronger than the cohesive forces within the liquid (as with water in glass), the meniscus is concave, curving upwards at the edges. Conversely, if the cohesive forces are stronger (as with mercury in glass), the meniscus is convex, curving downwards at the edges. This phenomenon is a result of surface tension and capillarity, and it is particularly pronounced in narrow containers like capillary tubes."

[@BoobsIndeed]

@@sszone-yt6vb I could see the line just fine when it wasn't shaking.

[@JonMurray]

3:14 MY GOD MAN STOP SHAKING THE THING!!!

[@oatmealman1586]

Pi timestamp

[@kindlin]

Why? Do you think a little shake will cause it to explode or something? Or is it just annoying to see? As he points out in his pinned comment, that's the best way to see it.

[@mif4731]

​@@kindlinnk, that's just annoying, you can still clearly see it wave because of the right side becoming supercritical and Moving around the whole "liquid"

[@KDYinYouTube]

​@@mif4731 so? he need to make a bad experiment just because you think it is annoying?

[@wuulfgaarth7186]

​@@KDYinKZbin It wouldn't be a bad experience if he didn't shake it. Besides he could have shaked it way less. It's clearly visible without shaking so it wouldn't have ruined the experience and would have also be way less annoying

[@PurpleKangaroo4]

the shaking wouldnt be as bad if you either stabilized the footage to the tank, or mounted the camera directly on it, so we just see the liquid moving, and not the whole tank. BUT i didnt mind it that much and it was a very interesting demonstration!

[@PuntoHowto]

ARRRRRRR STOP SHAKING IT !

[@chrispreble11]

state of peace became supercriticical listening to those shakes

[@ishaan863]

i too came to the comments to complain about the shaking. god damn that was annoying 😭

[@AbsoluteAbsurd]

XD

[@stephenhawking9781]

Glad to know I wasn’t the only one

[@adamhancock2752]

That shaking and squeaking was driving me crazy.

[@saycrain]

you're not the only one there

[@mercoppp]

Now call Styropyro and shoot some lasers in there

[@MikeHarris1984]

You sir, have just made the best idea ever!!!! I...must....see ....this....

[@Nulley0]

Probably should be done in a separate shielded room for safety reasons

[@Deniil2000]

@@Nulley0 The Action Lab and Styropyro should be in separate shielded rooms for safety reasons

[@NoOne-dj1ou]

literal styropyro

[@jeremymayes650]

put a hollow black sphere inside to shine the lasers on

[@user-jn7im2sz7f]

Every time he shook it I couldn’t help but think the sound it made was the same as my bed while doing a certain activity.

[@kindlin]

@@dasfoot ...or together...

[@stargazer7644]

Careful. You'll get calluses on your palms.

[@sam_c95]

I think it would be interesting to find a material which has lower density than supercritical CO2 but greater density than gaseous CO2. This means it should rise up to the top when it becomes supercritical.

[@GilmerJohn]

Perhaps some hollow gas filled glass spheres. I agree that it would be fun to watch. It was lazy to use the foam as it doesn't have a well defined density. Glass spheres would have different densities and we would expect some to go to the top and others to sink. Maybe he will try getting those spheres for a future video. Among other things he could go back and forth and watch the same balls sink or rise.

[@gabrielv.4358]

yew

[@bcubed72]

@@GilmerJohn Yes; glass (while brittle) is very strong. And a sphere is an inherently strong shape.

[@mskiptr]

Couldn't you get that to work with this very setup, by just using more CO2? The more mass you pack into the chamber, the denser it will be.

[@DrDeuteron]

aerogel

[@raffimolero64]

very practical tip, thank you i was on a lake the other day and the pressure coming from all sides of life nearly turned it supercritical, thank goodness i calmed down a bit afterward

[@shivam1996able]

Please, i cant take the shaking anymore i cant do it

[@SpydersByte]

then go to the motion stabilized video that he linked in his pinned comment

[@saycrain]

I don't even like it when he shakes it in the motion stabelized video either. it's just annoying me as much with both x.x

[@ekipogh]

I feel sick after this video

[@Rizzob17]

Squeak squeak shake shake.

[@miscellaneous69420]

​@@ekipoghwhy ??

[@sebbes333]

*@The Action Lab* 8:30 The liquid has a higher density & the gas have a lower density. This means that there exists SOME combination of gas/liquid CO2 combination that when super-critical becomes the PERFECT density to keep that Styrofoam floating in mid"air" (midCO2?). Judging by how slowly the "styro" fell in the super-critical fluid, I guess you need more liquid CO2, probably somewhere about 2/3 of that volume to be liquid? Maybe like 650 g/L density?

[@Nuts-Bolts]

A rear screen of black & white stripes would have made the liquid/gas interface easier to see (due to refraction).

[@adamb89]

"Damn the earthquake, I've gotta get this filmed, edited, and uploaded by tonight!"

[@heptagrammar21]

The shaking made me really uncomfortable

[@DrSbaitsojr]

thank you! it was killing me

[@DANGJOS]

I guess I'm the only one that disagrees. I liked seeing how the surface moved when shaking. I was also watching in fast speed though.

[@sleeplessdev7204]

The shaking was super annoying

[@DrSbaitsojr]

@@DANGJOS it was the kreeking table.

[@heptagrammar21]

Wow, I have never noticed 39 likes before, well, think I relate to some of you.

[@AndyOlesin]

I believe there is an important factor that was ignored in the discussion of the experiment. Styrofoam will compress under pressure and thus become more dense which while it still floats will cause it to sink lower into the fluid. For the most part it it should remain compressed when returning to normal atmospheric pressure (some of the air having been squeezed out of it under pressure). By comparing it's volume before and after the experiment you should be able to explain the amount it sank just before the fluid went supercritical. You could probably ignore the weight of the volume of air squeezed out.

[@caydennormanton9682]

Apparently (I'm no expert, mind you) one of the properties of a supercritical fluid is it's ability to diffuse into/through other substances (like a gas). So my conclusion was that the Styrofoam becomes impregnated with the supercritical CO2, and is thus more dense than the surrounding CO2 (Styrofoam density + supercritical CO2 density = more dense than supercritical CO2).

[@mmmusa2576]

Actually there is more going on here than just density changes. The styrofoam acts like a nucleation point and the opposite side of the chamber as a diffusion point. So particles are diffusing out everywhere but converging near the styrofoam pushing it against the wall kinda like convection

[@AndyOlesin]

@@caydennormanton9682 The supercritical fluid behaves like a fluid and gas - it doesn't diffuse better than in it's gaseous state (except for any added diffusion due to extreme pressure). In rewatching the video he starts with a shot of the vessel with the dry ice packed in and then jumps to a view at 200 psi which already is 13-14 atmospheres so the shrinking - sinking is already well underway (in fact he says "the Styrofoam is very squished ...") and the bulk of it may already have happened. Had he left the ball intact instead of ripping it in half I may have been able to compare diameters at various pressures to see if the additional shrinkage was measurable.

[@DANGJOS]

42 seconds in, I would think whether it floats or sinks depends on its density. Most objects are more dense than supercritical CO2 so they would probably sink. But something of low enough density should float.

[@Cannotoad1201]

A bot copy pasted your comment 20:56 (6) 24/05/2024

[@red.aries1444]

The problem is how to manufacture something that is solid, doesn't compress to much under pressure and is then less dense than 0,464 g/cm³? Cyclopentane or CO2 is used to produce styrofoam. You'll more need a foam, that contain Helium or Hydrogen. But Hydrogen might react when you try to press it into hot liquid Polystyrene to get a foam. And the very small Hydrogen molecules and especially Helium atoms will just be squeezed out of styrofoam when it is set under pressure.

[@seneca983]

It should also depend on the ratio of air and CO₂ in the chamber. More CO₂ would mean a higher density which can more easily float a sufficiently light (relative to volume) object to the top.

[@DANGJOS]

@@seneca983 I honestly didn't even think about the air, but it should make a very small difference to the overall density. 99+% of that chamber should be CO2

[@seneca983]

@@DANGJOS It would've been possible to cram a lot more CO₂ into the chamber and that would've made a difference. I think he wanted the liquid surface to be about halfway in the chamber which makes sense because then it's easier to see.

[@sillyjellyfish2421]

This whole video was full of amazing shots. The way the meniscus of almost supercritical CO2 moves is fascinating

[@FTotox]

The question is, would you drown in supercritical oxygen? Accounting you survived the rest of the inhuman conditions lol. I think it's time for a bigger pressure chamber...

[@brooksbryant2478]

My guess is the opposite - you’d die from oxygen toxicity. Oxygen becomes toxic when its partial pressure is greater than 1.4 atmospheres

[@DerpDerp3001]

No, you'd die from the toxicity.

[@comkey-Ninja]

oxygen becomes toxic under high pressure

[@conanhighwoods4304]

​@@brooksbryant2478 You would die regardless of the pressure as it would be too much oxygen for you.

[@PsRohrbaugh]

There's actually a good chance you'd catch on fire. High pressure oxygen is extremely unfriendly to organic compounds.

[@planecrazy2]

Excellent work with the photography to show us such a clear view of the meniscus! I for one appreciated the shaking to see the waves move and visualize the transition.

[@StefanoBorini]

Makes sense. things float in something because they have lower density than the surrounding medium. When something goes supercritical, the gas density increases, and the liquid density decreases. When their densities are the same, you are at the supercritical stage. This means that your boat was floating on something whose density was going down. As a consequence, its buoyancy was going down as well.

[@martinswiney2192]

Im just a machinist, not a science guy by any stretch. Please check the pressure rating for those brass fittings. I have no idea what they are rated for but 1000 psi has to be pushing your luck. You can get the same fittings and valve in stainless steel for higher pressure. Neat video.

[@jasonf4518]

STOP SHAKING IT!!!

[@holycow666]

SHAKE IT MOAR!!!

[@JonMurray]

@@holycow666*Mooooo r?

[@AmsZero]

was about to say the same, stop shaking it !

[@patrickaustin6337]

Agree. I don't understand the compulsive shaking and it diminished the experience.

[@Cybernatural]

Someone had to say it. So frustrating to see it keep getting shaken.

[@rhouser1280]

This really paints a great picture of what’s going on in a supercritical fluid. Thank you!

[@Nikhilkumar-pu1lc]

Action lab is always in action

[@d4slaimless]

I don't mind shaking, It was indeed interesting to watch how waves become almost indistinguishable. And around 3:59 waves going all around the "boat", even on top of it. Liquid seems to be still under it, but waves look cloudy.

[@workingninja6_]

Yeah i think the shaking made it easier to see where the line between liquid and gas was when it started getting hard to tell

[@siekensou77]

Seemed excessive to me.. once pr twice, fine. Also the shaking was too strong as well.

[@PsRohrbaugh]

Even after taking thermodynamics I never really "got" a supercritical fluid. My brain was just too rooted in "solid, liquid, gas". This really helped me visualize the concept!

[@Flesh_Wizard]

It's like a liquid and a gas in one. It's a liqass

[@GilmerJohn]

@@Flesh_Wizard -- Well, it's more like a liquid than a gas because it displayed great viscosity. In the "experiment" we say, the density of the super-critical fluid was about half that of the liquid part at a lower temperature.

[@FoxDog1080]

It's a really dense gas Like how the earth's core is solid due to the immense pressure

[@longemen3000]

There is active research work in determining if a supercritical state is "gas-like" or "liquid-like", so both answers are valid!

[@GilmerJohn]

@@longemen3000 -- Well, I vote for ... LIQUID.

[@Monsterverse_fan383]

6:24 whoa, now I'm seeing a man shaking a small white brain in a low gravity capsule.

[@sparksinterest]

That was the best demo of something supercritical I've ever seen. Seeing how the foam moves through it demonstrates its viscosity between the liquid and the gas. It's also a very practical demo for when the lake goes supercritical, which I've never known how to handle in the past :)

[@davida1hiwaaynet]

Very cool! I always enjoy your videos but this one is extra interesting. I am a refrigeration guy. There are companies building transcritical CO2 refrigeration systems. They use a very high-pressure compressor to compress CO2 vapor above the critical point. There are then valves and separators to reduce the pressure in a controlled manner to get liquid and gaseous CO2 from the supercritical fluid. This is separated so that the liquid can be used in a refrigeration cycle. I had always wondered what that would look like. Now I know thanks to your very interesting experiment!

[@4bSix86f61]

You promised a yellow boat but all I see is a semisphere of styrofoam.

[@llahneb10]

Cool experiment! Using an incompressible boat material would be better, because styrofoam will get more dense as pressure increases, it might even sink in water at 1000 psi

[@mickwolf1077]

at 4:47 the foam reminded me of a lil tardigrade. Go Lil foamy tardigrade dude.

[@IncroyablesExperiences]

I love how you push very far our curiosity!

[@Pr0f.St0rM]

Where is the yellow toy boat from the thumbnail?

[@uccidi]

sadly he photoshops the thumbnail putting in a fake situation

[@vincenttrigg4521]

Gone. Reduced to atoms.

[@eaterofcrayons7991]

The shaking pissed me off an unhealthy amount

[@dodgedoodle]

Stop shaking it 😭

[@duckgoesquack4514]

was worried it would go boom

[@Zeeky420]

Exactly this nighore is not stopping at all

[@deviousfreak]

Dude I’m glad I’m not the only one.

[@omegadecisive]

Or at least attempt to stabilise the footage a bit

[@hiperion_1416]

ywnbaw

[@solandri69]

Just to clarify, did you use a pump to increase the pressure? Or was the CO2 sublimating into gas inside the closed vessel sufficient to increase the pressure the requisite amount? If the latter, how did you maintain the target pressure? Did you release a little bit if it got too high?

[@TheActionLab]

the CO2 pressurizes itself as the temperature increases

[@CothranMike]

@@TheActionLab Correct, measurement by weight before adding would be critical if using a larger container. The maths are easy for the larger volume though and the CO2 ice amount can be better figured as it sublimes on the scale prior to being placed into the vessel with prechilled tongs. For that small chamber the weight can be off a bit and not cause too high an end point temperature/pressure error.

[@FleyDragon]

0:09 wtf is that thing the glass is on?

[@LS26Productions]

Brutha eww

[@question1061]

Magic puddy

[@londonnight937]

-has a very cool supercritical cell that has transparent windows -films a video about it -covers the window with his hand exactly when the cool stuff happens

[@gamergirl2universe]

Let’s get you to 5M subscribers!🌟

[@sekrasoft]

Oh, I remember dealing with a supercritical state at university in a lab class. They said vessels with supercritical fluid had blown up once when a student left them uncontrolled and went somewhere so they added an acrylic box or something like that to make it safe. It was safe (especially when doing everything as the teachers wrote; especially with that extra shielding) but I still was very scared while dealing with that experiment. The university prepared a lot of scary experiments in that thermodynamics lab for us. There were a loud pipe with fast changing pressure, a couple of hot furnaces, that vessels with supercritical fluid, a vacuum pump with a glass chamber which they put in a metal mesh to prevent the implosion.

[@rogeriocosta1035]

How this guy do not run out of good video ideas? Amazing!

[@halnineooo136]

Truly is!

Im an actual chemical engineer and that video just made me see all I read in thermodynamics class... this video is a must for all classes.. idk if this is textbook somewhere, but the syrofoam helped me understand supercritical fluid... I wish I've seen stgh like that back when I was struggling the course for the second time 😂

[@jbrecken]

I like that your styrofoam boat accidentally looks like a brain.

[@xcoder1122]

When I first saw it in the video, I didn't know it was just randomly cut, I thought it was intentionally shaped to look like a brain.

[@brently300]

"So, the next time you're on a lake that's suddenly going supercritical".... 😆 Glad u told me. Such a massively common problem! 😆

[@azrobbins01]

This has to be one of the coolest videos you have made!

[@shade5554]

The reverting back to liquid from supercritical almost looks, Magical. Really feels weird saying this as a Science guy

[@cato2906]

The shaking was unnecessary and really annoying, we could see the meniscus just fine if you wanted waves put it on a gently moving platform next time.

[@occludedjadedleafplays5037]

you can always do the experiment yourse- never mind that could go wrong

[@fridaynight7434]

This is like the best science demo i have ever seen. Didn’t know there was a state called super critical

[@maoellisto]

please a video about superfluid like helium

[@pietervanwyk7896]

Won't be (easily) obtainable... temperature is 5 Kelvin or -268 Celcius (-450.67 Fahrenheit) compared to the 31C of CO2

[@CraftAero]

Great question, great experiment, great result. Now we know. That vessel body is way over-engineered for 1,000psi, no worries there. The ultimate failure is in the bolts. And jamming them in with a 6" ratchet (and then a hand drill) without measuring torque was the riskiest thing you did here. Bolts, especially of that diameter to length ratio are VERY susceptible to the tensile forces induced by torque. I'm guessing those are 5/16-18 x 6" or M8-1.25 x 150mm and they appear to be 307A Stainless. - 8 x 307A 5/16 Bolts give about 24,000 Lbf to yield - 2 1/2" bore (?) @ 1,070psi(critical) is ~5,250 Lbf x2 (because, through bolt design is holding both sides) = 11,000 Lbf - A 2.18 Safety factor seems low given the severity of a catastrophic failure. ie: if it were left on the dash of your car in August... you're gonna have a bad day. I've seen this same design used by other 'tubers and I always cringe. If you were to thread 8 shorter bolts (per side) directly into the body, you'll double the weakest link. A 4.36 SF would let me sleep at night, I might even bump them to 3/8 (M10) and go on vacation. Also, the boat is NOT floating on the meniscus. It's floating on the "surface". The meniscus forms above (or below for dense liquids like Mercury) where the liquid is bounded by the container. Maybe a good future episode, "In Search of the Neutral Meniscus". Is there a liquid that lays "flat" in a given container. Easy to demonstrate positive and negative meniscus traits but can you find (develop) a neutral meniscus fluid ? NileRed tie in ? A little "surface" tension ? Also, do gases exhibit a meniscus (hint: yes they do).

[@sophiaisabelle027]

The boat can float but my overweight self would be drowning fast in acid.

[@isaaclove1144]

I think there's a confounding variable here. If the pressure is rising then the volume of the styrofoam, assuming the cells have not burst, is reducing and therefore its density is rising. The Styrofoam may have sunk because it was crushed by the pressure. 6:04

[@genehenson8851]

Very practical advice. Thanks!

[@WilliamDaGalloway]

Excellent demo! When I saw the canoe at the end, the first thing I thought of was Lake Nyos in Cameroon, but there the CO₂ was held in supersaturation at the bottom until that fateful morning in 1986.

[@EmperorZelos]

STOP SHAKING THE DAMN THING!

[@General_Ward]

Holy crap! When you said 1000psi, I got out of my chair to leave the room. I don't care what a company says. Until I see a video of the CEO loading that up with the full 2000, I'm not involved.

[@TheKingsapostle]

Who else is annoyed that he keeps shaking the table?

[@dustinmckay4953]

100%. I keep screaming "stop shaking the f-ing table"

[@bkeith269]

Shake it once that's fine. Shake it twice that's okay. Shake it three times and the comment section loses their mind.

[@CosminRotaru]

The jiggling made me nauseous.

[@spitfireGamesVR]

states of matter have always been super fascinating to me

[@chamandgaming4040]

i dont like that shaking noise

[@martinbaker9277]

Wow, fascinating video, thank you. As a process engineer, I used to have to design plant handling supercritical fluids - great to finally see what was going on in those vessels.

[@AQFearfullMage]

Holy shit stop shaking it

[@WanXiAnimations]

I’ve always had this question in mind about supercritical fluids and suggested KZbinrs to do it by leaving so many comments, finally someone did it 😭

[@TrungNguyen-qi7rj]

I minored in physics, but this is the coolest demo I've seen regarding state transitions. Awesome video!

[@pixeldragon6387]

NileRed tried so hard to get supercritical co2 footage, now you’re like “hold my beer”

[@gangstaboy9387]

- Mayday mayday, I'm on a lake and something is happening, send help!! - I'm on my way! is it critical? - No, it's supercritical...

[@TheYear2525]

2:09 You can't imagine how happy I am to see *someone* on this whole big earth make use of the torque function. When I tell people that there is a way for them to not mangle the screws or the bit, they usually just go "whatever" and do it again -.- .

[@DarcyCrumb]

That tip is invaluable, some would say super critical. It’ll save many from getting sucked out the hole

[@zadams5596]

Was that valve part of the 2x working pressure test? cast brass/bronze ball valves with 1000 psi ratings do exist, but at that pressure different materials or body styles are far more common. Also, an un-vented ball valve in the closed position essentially becomes an isolated pressure vessel inside the ball, something to be mindful of when liquid/gas phase changes can occur.

[@RezaSimRacing]

dude you are amazing . I love your scientific channel. I always wanted to see a critical fluid and you did it . keep it going 😍

[@Djhg2000]

The really exciting bit would be to put a Peltier element inside; I would love to see it go supercritical on the hot side side, then condense down the cold side and flow back over to the hot side in a loop! If you put it right up to the edges of the plexiglass walls it would be sort of like a two dimensional CO2 fountain as well. I guess you would need two metal cylinders and some insulating material between them to power the Peltier element from the outside (feeding the wires through a pair of holes could work if the PVC insulation can take it but I doubt it). The number of potential failure points would go up so it might be too dangerous, though it's still a fun thing to imagine. Also if you put one of those small drink umbrellas on top of the Peltier element I think it would only "rain" on one side of it? I'm not sure how sharp the temperature gradient above it would be, or if the vertical temperature gradient would make it rain from inside the umbrella instead (due to the heat from efficiency losses in the Peltier). Anyway, nice demonstration of how physics can be really beautiful.

[@kahazaba]

I love how the piece of styrofoam looks like a water bear - exactly the kind of extreme conditions a water bear would thrive in :D

[@geoffstrickler]

Very cool demonstration/experiment. Seeing a liquid turn supercritical is something I’ve never seen before.

[@WoLpH]

I love many of your experiments but this experiment was definitely next level! Absolutely amazing :)

[@WoLpH]

Next test superfluids?

[@theodorgiosan2570]

I have a 1930s GE Monitor Top fridge in my kitchen. To meter the flow of liquid refrigerant into the evaporator it uses a float, that floats on top of the liquid sulfur dioxide refrigerant, and opens a valve depending on how much refrigerant is in the float chamber. This reminds me of that. Because the float cannot float on a gas, it doesn't float unless the compressor has built up a certain amount of liquid refrigerant. I always thought that was an incredibly clever system.

[@Phillijr100]

Definitely one of the neatest videos I’ve ever seen on your channel A++

[@AlistairFrayne-yn5eo]

How fast do you think you’d have to move a party balloon in a certain direction while holding the tube for it to start inflating?

[@Reptex_cs]

I've wanted this video for many years!! Thanks.

[@ACTopo]

Woooooaaa huge thanks to action lab. This finally inspires me to make my own freeze drying riggg. On the DL... the coolest part is the density vs buoyancy as miniscus sublimates (idk what that word means - sounds sort of right and cool). Anyway next just gotta do the upside down boat floating in a similar 2d planar view vessel (like ant container?). To show that in same container a boat can float right side up and upside down in the same exact fluid if a pressure bubble pushes one area of water to top of vessel and one to bottom. I believe it is surface tension of the water that creates a suction force to hold the boat. So would depend on the friction or Reynolds number of sorts of the boat hull vs the water pressure bubbles into the "sky".

[@tienanhhoang6004]

This is the most interesting video about supercritical fluid I've ever seen, thank you a lot!

[@crashstudi0s]

You keep shaking the experiment, I really enjoyed seeing the little waves

[@e1337H0b0]

I'd now be interested to see if aerogel would be buoyant enough to float instead of sink in supercritical CO2, although aerogel is porous right? so would the density even matter at that point, also would the aerogel even survive the experience, those are questions I personally don't have the answer to but it would still be interesting to see what would happen.

[@sinrock85]

It's been years since I've been this fascinated by a video. Thank you sir 🙏

[@jamesbarisitz4794]

I've seen some great science on KZbin, but this one is the most interesting and well done demos I've seen!👍

[@jdhannan]

I've watched dozens and dozens of these videos and this is definitely top 2 of all time