Capacitors in Audio Circuits: Part 2

[@EarslimeRecords619]

You’re going to go down in the history books uncle Doug. You’re a true American hero

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, H. :)

[@SDsailor7]

First thing I do when I click into one of Uncle Doug's videos is hit the like button, because I know it is going to be good and informative and not to mention entertaining due to the guests that pop in and out.

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, Rob. I hope we always live up to your expectations.

[@davebird534]

Uncle Doug I love your analogy with Rusty and the different milk bones that offer to. Really simple but genius and getting your point across with different types of capasitors .😂 !!

[@UncleDoug]

Glad you enjoyed it, Dave :)

[@romannumeral5547]

Gŕeat 2nd video Doug! Thanks for passing your knowledge down. 🤗

[@UncleDoug]

Glad you enjoyed it, Roman :)

[@el_wumberino]

Sir, you are a truly gifted teacher. Thank you so much for your videos!

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, X. We're glad the videos are enjoyable :)

[@budandbean1]

Wonderful to hear from you Uncle Doug, hope everything is alright with you and yours. Thank you for the video. Buddy

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, Buddy. Life is good at Chez Rusty.....hope the same for you.

[@strat3]

I’ve been making my way through all your tutorials. Although I already know most of the content, your presentations have given me additional clarity and insight into the topics. And if I would have had access to your videos when I was first learning I would have internalized the concepts much quicker I think! Thank you and keep up the great work. Give Rusty and Jack pets for me!

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, Howard. It's great to hear that the videos are helpful :)

[@kylekoplien2924]

you have a relaxing voice and a nice way of teaching haha nicely done sir

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, Kyle :)

[@americandad8903]

Your videos are great. Very informative, and your experiments with rusty are a great addition to the video.

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks so much, AD. Rusty has passed away but I will share your nice comments with him.

[@americandad8903]

@@UncleDoug so sorry to hear. I lost two dogs this year. One in august from heat stroke and one thanksgiving day from cancer ☹️ my oldest goat died yesterday. Been a tough stretch on the farm

[@UncleDoug]

@@americandad8903 So true. The loss of precious animal pals can be devastating.

[@skycarl]

I knew it,,, I knew there was no difference in those biscuit flavors. At least Rusty doesn't have to choose between series and parallel. Good to see you back. Carl

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, Carl. Yeah, I was suspicious about the 5 separate flavor claims. They say that pet foods are designed to appeal to the owner rather than the pet, and let's face it, if dogs really had their druthers, the biscuits flavors would be Carcass, Roadkill, and perhaps Dog Butt.

[@djentlover]

I just love your dad jokes and teaching style, thank you so much.

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, DJ :)

[@djsherz]

Don't know why it's taken so long for me to stumble onto this channel. These tutorials have made it so much easier to make sense of! There's plenty of smart people on youtube that know about electronics, but precious few that are really good at teaching it...

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks so much, DJ. We're really glad you found us :)

[@rootvalue]

Hey Doug I know this comment is a little late relative to when you uploaded this series, but I just wanted to give you my thanks. It is very hard to find GOOD supplemental info relative to audio circuits outside my EET degree. You know what you’re talking about and you’re sharing the knowledge. Thank you so much.

[@UncleDoug]

You're quite welcome, Hakeem. I appreciate your comments and am really glad the video was helpful.

[@GregsGarage]

I think Rusty is doing the experiment on you!!! :D Great info as always.

[@UncleDoug]

I must admit that the only one getting any treats is.......Rusty :) Glad you enjoyed the video, Greg.

[@BrokenPortriats]

I did the test. Rusty doesn't know good stuff. I think the beef tasted best. I admit I did dip it in milk first. Am I smarter than a puppy? I think so !

[@PrinceWesterburg]

I can see Rusty on the other side "I picked the biscuits with the worst atomic structure and transconductance to show the humans the purity of the beef 'atom' while arranging the other biscuits in the pattern of valent sub-atomic particles in a manner that would open the world to free energy and anti-gravity - did they understand?!"

[@UncleDoug]

@@PrinceWesterburg You know him well, Prince :)

[@tremolux13]

As usual a magnificent lesson, cant wait for part three. . Thank you for the wonderful lesson and your time... My salutations to Jack and Rusty..

[@UncleDoug]

You are quite welcome, Jesse. Thanks for the nice comments :)

[@christianjusto7008]

I love the mini interludes and experiments you do with Rusty! Paired with great info it makes your videos super entertaining. Thanks for the awesome work!

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, Christian.......glad you enjoy the video format.

[@raphysoucy83]

Thank you for the refresh!! It was much needed. Cheers!

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, Raphy :)

[@Barracuda48082]

Great refresher for re capping an old Heathkit tranceiver!!

[@UncleDoug]

I'm glad it was helpful, Gary :)

[@Super8Rescue]

Once again, many thanks for the video. Really helpful. I am re capping a one valve wonder, so this kind of tutorial is most informative. Thank you.

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, Mike.

[@audiotechlabs4650]

Wow! Capacitor, Barley Barely Good for Chico! Remember SNL? Good to have you back! Good to see your crew is fine form. That is the best explanation of ESR and DC leakage I've seen. Can't wait for #3. Thankz

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, ATL. We're glad to hear that you liked the video. Part 3 should be posted soon.

[@EUC_Senior]

After I posted how cool your dog is I started to read the other comments and realized that your dog is no longer here. I am so sorry for your loss! I love dogs too and I have had a dog from the moment I was born. For almost 60 years I have had dogs. I get SO ATTACHED to my dogs because they feel like they are part of my family. And then the day comes when they leave and I have to start all over again. Again, I am sorry for your loss... Mark

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks so much for your consideration, Mark. Rusty is definitely missed. He was a major factor in getting our channel off to a good start.

[@SiliconSet]

Great video Doug. Many thanks.

[@amoruzz]

Again, excellence. Idk if you realize it, but you are shattering the brains and egos of many an arm chair internet forum guru's. When you started teaching about "frequencies" I got so excited that I paused and went to the kitchen for some pickled herring and crackers for a treat! Must be those milk bone non polarized coupling biscuit capacitors making me hungry? Your doing a better job than my 1958 RCA TUBE RECIEVING MANUAL. I know of only a handful of people who can even discuss this knowledge. Believe it or not, but there are more people that believe that capacitors, material and capacitance have nothing to do with tonal effects than those who do or know better. I hope I have enough herring to get through part 3? Reminds of going to the concession area at the old drive in theaters during the intermission time, lol. This is fun!

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks so much for the nice, amusing comments, Amo. We're really glad you enjoy our videos :)

[@jackallen6261]

As for the biscuits, I used to work (in industrial maintenance) for a pet food manufacturer. The colors are meaningless, we ran four extruders with the same product with different dyes...the colors are to make the pet owners happy...nothing else, lol. The dogs like you said can't distinguish color. It's all smell for them., although cat food is sometimes different because of the flavorings (fish digest or beef digest or whatever) those are tied to the different flavors injected into the pet food. Great video!! I am loving the series!!

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks for the info, Jack. I guess that explains the ambiguous results :) Glad you're enjoying the videos.

[@EUC_Senior]

This is one of the BEST channels I have ever run across! Let me tell you, there is a wealth of knowledge from Uncle Doug. I am doing my best to learn how tube circuits work because once I have a good understanding on how they work I want to build some guitar amps. So that is also why I am here.

[@UncleDoug]

I'd like to think you came to the right place, Mark. Best of luck with your pursuit of knowledge.

[@kenpowilliamson]

Wonderful presentation Uncle Doug, you are a great teacher, I'm learning alot. Many thanks! Rick

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, Rick. Thanks for the nice comments :)

[@antsap]

Uncle Doug ... you rule! Thank you for taking the time and sharing your knowledge. You are able to explain electrical theories and net them down in a way that is practical and explains how they function and perform in our beloved amps. Kudos and please keep this up.

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, IH. Thanks for your very nice comments :)

[@bucyruserie1211]

Great Video as always Doug!! I am convinced Rusty and yourself conceived and included the "Biscuit Test" segments in the video with it's conclusion being they all taste the same, as a direct comparison to different brands of capacitors and prices. Absolutely Brilliant!!! Can't wait for #3.. Hope all is well, Tom

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks so much, Tom. Now that you've mentioned it, I too can see an ironic correlation between the biscuit test and the hype and expense associated with "tone" capacitors. Since Rusty dreamed up the test, however, I guess he's the one who deserves the accolades for cleverness :)

[@TechTins_Projects]

Good to see you and Rusty back Doug. Very nice tutorial. The milk bone evaluation interlude was also very useful canine technology. And that Jack! he is so inconsiderate.

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, TT. Yes, my furry assistants are occasionally inconsiderate. If they weren't so vital to the organization, I would probably fire them (and risk a wrongful termination lawsuit).

[@TechTins_Projects]

Uncle Doug I do sympathize, I know what it is like to work with such disrespect from your team. But since they are such a vital component you will unfortunately just have to suck it up. ;-)

[@UncleDoug]

So true, TT, but I will make the sacrifice for the good of our YT Channel.....and the world :)

[@daveb9370]

Thanx for the great videos. You make learning interesting and thanx for sharing the spotlight with your furbabies. Rusty is a natural.

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, Dave. Rusty and I really appreciate your kind words :)

[@michaelpukmel9175]

Thanks for another great set of instructional videos, Uncle Doug.

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome :)

[@benmorris4589]

Great as usual! I just took a quick look, as I'm going out, but I will really get into this. I've played around with components for around 65 (yes!) years, but you are really telling me what I've been experiencing! Thank you so much! Ben.

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, Ben. We really appreciate the time you spend watching and commenting.

[@mscavsfan]

I've been scouring the internet/KZbin the last 3 1/2 years trying to learn all I can about electronics. I was a pure beginner. Have watched hundreds and hundreds of videos on a variety of electronic topics. Probably over a thousand videos , and hundreds of different teachers. I came across your channel a few days ago. I have to say , I've learned so much in the instructional videos you present. The best out there on the subjects you cover. Thank You , Thank You !! Also like how you incorporate your pets !

[@UncleDoug]

Wow, thanks so much, MS. It's great to hear that the videos are informative.

[@PeterDad60]

Uncle Dough, the average human tension span is around seconds. Usually less. So, since we are all watching your 20+ min. educational video's, then it's a certainty that you are an exceptional educator. -Peter

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks so much, PD. I agree with you about the usual attention span, and this is why I throw in the short change-of-pace pet and comedy asides.

[@jma8352]

your an excellent teacher!! thank you!!

[@2right4words]

clear, precise, another 10 out of 10!

[@UncleDoug]

Wow.....thanks, 2r4w :)

[@garageworkshop3900]

Firstly liking the video - then going to watch =) As always awesome video and a lot of usefull info! Thank you and Rusty for all you are doing for us!

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, GW. Rusty and glad really appreciate the time you take to watch and comment on our videos.

[@davedrezTV]

Informative and funny! Thanks!

[@TR3A]

Fabulous video! I've been trying to learn electronics on my own. These videos --- and this one in particular --- are invaluable! At last I'm starting to understand!!!

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks so much, Dave. I'm really glad the video was helpful.

[@marklange8894]

Another great video, a Great refresher to tech school almost 40 years ago. It is also a pleasure to see you back, I was starting to get worried. I figured that you were probably out enjoying that West Texas fall weather out in your Jeep cruising through the greasewood, catclaw, and mesquite's out in the beautiful high Sonoran desert. (I am so jealous). Thanks for the very informative, interesting, video. VanHornMark

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, Mark. You are exactly right. When there are '57 Chevy trucks to restore (new project) and a desert to prowl, it's very difficult to stay indoors and make videos. Rusty finally coaxed me into helping him make this Part 2 video.....largely, I suspect, so he could have lots of dog cookies.

[@d-labelectronics]

Great video. You remind me of one of my instructors at Chanute AFB, IL. EP Good stuff

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, DE. Many military instructors are quite good, so I'll take that as a nice compliment :)

[@andyk295]

Hi Uncle Doug, fine instructional video. Back before digital audio motion picture studio sound departments had large bulky 35mm magnetic film roll degaussers. These consisted of a turntable that swung in and out from a large diameter enclosed wire coil on top thru which the roll of mag passed and an array of giant dangerous (!) oil tank capacitors in a cabinet underneath. Obviously the capacitors weren't used for audio but the design prevented audio 'spokes' on the rolls of magnetic film. The unit created so much current (it was designed for intermittent use only) it frequently had to have cool-off time.

[@UncleDoug]

That sounds like a device better suited to Dr. Frankenstein's lab, Andy. Thank heavens those days are long gone.

[@cassvirgillo3395]

Hi Uncle Doug, Rusty, Jack & Family, Good to see you all again. Very good explanation of how caps work. I always enjoy your series videos. All your videos are great. I hope you had a great summer, Happy Fall. Take care, be good, C.

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, Cass. It's good to hear from you. We're all doing great and are looking forward to a nice Autumn.

[@SDsailor7]

I am trying to learn electronics and these videos are so helpful.Thank you Uncle Doug!Cheers

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, Rob. Best of luck with your self-education. It's the best way to learn.

[@SDsailor7]

Right now I am in the process attempting to restore a Akai M1 reel to reel. I have already replaced several capacitors in the amp section and preamp section. The problem is no sound coming out all I get is some static from the left channel nothing on the right. I also replaced some transistors and still have to replace a couple more.So your tutorials are very helpful.

[@UncleDoug]

That's good to hear. Best of luck with your project.

[@TexasNance]

An outstanding tutorial on capacitors. I rate this #1 based on the additional scientific study of Dog Bone Biscuits. Rusty is a stellar test subject.

[@UncleDoug]

Rusty not only wrote the script for the presentation, he also suggested the Dog Biscuit Challenge. Now that I think about it, he probably had an ulterior motive for the latter.

[@TexasNance]

Ya think?

[@TheBonedady]

uncle doug your videos are amazing as always, you have brought me further into the would of electronics than any book i have ever read you are a great teacher and with a dynamic crew like rusty and jack how could you lose. i don't know if is relevant i use electric motor capacitors in my day job. i have , on occasion, used 2 5uf 440vac caps in series in place of 1 10uf 440vac and like magic the motor is running again at least until i get the proper capacitor

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks so much, Jeff. As explained in the video, you would be better off wiring the two 5uf caps in parallel if you want 10uf for the motor. In series the voltage rating would be 880VDC, but the capacitance would only be 2.5uf.

[@JenA2145]

I love Rusty and Jack. Please consider making a separate channel just about them.

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, Auntie. I'll keep that in mind :)

[@W1RMD]

I lost money on beef and bacon! The commercial about the bacon dog treat lied! Looks like chicken's the winner! Great video!

[@UncleDoug]

My mother always advised against gambling, Ryan ;)

[@rondobondo6600]

I'm going to watch this once more ..

[@UncleDoug]

I hope it's even better the second time, Ron.

[@davebird534]

Uncle Doug the thing I really most like about the way you teach things and approach things is you don't approach it strictly as an engineer would. Your guitar player as well and you have a good ear ,and you understand... just because you use the same values with capacitors doesn't mean that they're going to all sound the same ! . And the worst thing you can do to a vintage amp is completely stripped all the capacitors out stock it full of Orange drops or something along those lines. Then all of a sudden the magic of that amp is gone, and so is the compression in the harmonic resonance in organic warmth . I get so tired arguing with these stupid engineers and repair guys they tell me that I must have ears like a dog because it virtually impossible to hear any difference. Personally I think you would have to have pretty poor hearing not to hear the difference. they say that it's impossible for the main filter capacitors to have any effect whatsoever on the sound. I know that's not true. I've wrecked really nice black face fender amps by trusting somebody that told me as long as the microfared values were the same it wouldn't change anything. boy was he wrong! Give me a pair of light blue late 60s Sprague Adoms in the end will sound as good or better than it used to. And I've checked the values and the ESR levels on nose capacitors and they all were still right on the money or very close

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks so much for your input, Dave. We appreciate your time and interest.

[@12DGJB21]

Outstanding instructional series Doug. These topics can get a bit heavy so your breaks with the Milk Bone experiments really lightens the load on one's brain. I hope you and Rusty are well. Looking forward to your next video when you have time to get back in to it again. -Dave B.

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, Dave. We're glad you enjoy our somewhat relaxed method of conveying technical material. I know that Rusty always loved participating......especially when there was a treat to be had :)

[@Galova]

I love your videos

[@FluxCondenser]

Love this series. Thanks, I needed that!

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, FC :)

[@josephc3276]

OK I stopped the video at 6:20 I pick Bacon 🥓!!!! Wrong again 😒! At least I'm constant 😇. Love your content. Great technical instruction and not too stuffy.

[@UncleDoug]

I agree that bacon was the obvious choice......but Rusty always had very discerning taste :) Thanks !!

[@hecanseeme8210]

Thank you

[@arthurcamara4207]

Great videos, happy New year from Brazil.

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, Arthur. Likewise, from the US of A :)

[@user-rf9me7xm1w]

Hi Uncle Doug, another brilliant explanation of what is usually a very difficult subject for students to understand. I used to use a water analogy and replace the capacitor with a canister in which there was an elastic membrane in the centre, and an inlet and outlet pipe connected at each end. When pressure is exerted at the input, the membrane stretches over to the end and the “capacitor” is charged. A varying pressure applied to the input results in a corresponding movement in the membrane and therefore in the water in the output pipe without any water actually passing through the membrane. Of course, the student must understand the concept of pressure being electrical pressure I.e. voltage, and any movement of the water being the flow of current. It worked well during my 30 ish years lecturing. BTW, I think there is a slight problem with the diagram at about 15 minutes. The potential difference across the capacitor is shown to be 24 volts. The only time the plate voltage on the right hand side plate will be -12v is when the +12v on the left hand plate reduces quickly from +12v to 0v. I’m really enjoining you videos during our lockdown, it brings back many happy memories of my own lecturing past, I also used to intentionally punctuate my sessions with a few minutes of idle chatter about cars or motorcycles, that used to work well. Thank you again for the time you have spent posting these videos and I wish you a happy and healthy new year. Best regards.

[@UncleDoug]

You're quite welcome, FS. Thanks for your helpful comments.

[@ilovegodandgames5588]

Thanks Doug.

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, Carlos.

[@Lee-NN7X]

Love Your Pup...understand all that comes....

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, Lee.

[@stefanvaneylen9488]

thx! can't wait to watch the next part.

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, Stefan. Part 3 should be posted soon.

[@planespeaking]

Great as always, I've learned so much from your videos

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, Rob. That's our purpose, and we're glad to hear that the videos are informative.

[@rustycalvera977]

for coupling caps, when calculating total capacitive reactance, as applied to frequency, do we need to factor in the load input impedance of the tube its driving?

[@UncleDoug]

No.

[@rustycalvera977]

thanks

[@VegasCyclingFreak]

This video explains some things I didn't quite understand before.

[@UncleDoug]

That's good to hear, VC. We're glad to hear that it was informative.

[@cobar5342]

Great video

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks :)

[@stephenrioux6821]

Hiya, Uncle Doug-- Another dumb question. I've got a circuit that uses a 0.1uf/400v cap going into the volume control/tone stack, and 0.1uf/16v between the volume control/tone stack and the phase inverter. Is this configuration equivalent to 0.05uf/416v? Also, how close can I place a 6ca4 to the power transformer? Thanks again for all the education.

[@UncleDoug]

Absolutely not. Leave some space, like 1", for ventilation.

[@stephenrioux6821]

@@UncleDoug Makes sense.

[@Lee-NN7X]

Miss Rusty...keep it coming

[@UncleDoug]

So do we, Lee. Every day.

[@jordanch68]

I'm enjoying the series. Any chance of covering capacitive dropping circuits?

[@UncleDoug]

I'm glad to hear that, Jordan. I'm not familiar with capacitive dropping circuits.....in fact, I've never heard the term before.....so I'm probably not the best guy to make a video about them. Sorry.

[@jordanch68]

It is about using a capacitor to drop the voltage in a power supply. I've collected some information online and am working on one to power a four tube radio that used a resistance power cord (curtain burner) to drop the line voltage. Maybe I should do a video on it once I get it all figured out.

[@UncleDoug]

I see. I'm no fan of resistance power cords, they seem like a disaster just waiting to happen. I also have never sought to drop the line voltage in my vintage amps. As long as the filter caps can tolerate the initial voltage surge and the output tubes are properly biased, there has never been a problem. If you do come up with a way to reduce line voltage with a capacitor, however, it would definitely be of interest and worthy of a video.

[@jordanch68]

@Dave Micolichek For the sake of accuracy I thought I should reply. "only good for very low power applications."; "needing some very expensive, monster sized capacitors....bigger than the radio itself." Sorry but that's just not accurate at all. There's plenty of information about these circuits out there so don't take my word for it. My comment was two years ago and since then I've built several of these. The reactance formula alone would get you close to the cap value you'd need. For US 120v 60hz 5.5uf, for 240v 50hz 9uf for the four tube radio with pilot lamp I mentioned then. As for noise and mains power, the heaters are on mains already in series we're not talking hi-fi. There is one resource I used that covered this and other dropping circuit types including circuit protection which is a good thing for those rare tubes and crt's, just google Cool386 article "Line Cord resistor replacements"

[@daveb9370]

Uncle Doug, great video. The explanation and results of Rusty's test were astounding. Such a scientific approach that you really have to get the brain working to wrap your head around this truly groundbreaking explanation of one of man's oldest mysteries - is there proof that milk bones are actually different flavors and scents, or are they all the same? Thank you for your great teaching methods - you make it interesting and you share your vast knowledge. Oh yeah, the capacitor thingy was neat too.....

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, Dave. We're glad the dog biscuit experiment was of interest.....and the capacitor thingy too :) :)

[@zebbox]

great videos - much appreciated - your supporting cast are also great. how long have you had rusty & jack?

[@EUC_Senior]

Your dog is so cool!

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, Mark :)

[@claudioarcadexlab6397]

Hello uncle, it would seem that even Rusty appreciate a lot, do thistests on capacitors, Congratulations great video as always

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, Claudio. Actually Rusty's capacitor sniffing capabilities were documented in a recent video. At the moment he can only detect good ones and bad ones.....but we're working on his ability to sniff out ESR and Leakage.

[@tonyperry6702]

Excellent.

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, BP :)

[@MisterTalkingMachine]

Wish I could put as much attention in class as I do in these videos. I believe Rusty would be more consistent if the biscuits had the scents of power transformers in different states of functionality.

[@UncleDoug]

I thought about cheating and rubbing one of the biscuits consistently with a faulty filter cap.....but decided to let Nature take its course :)

[@bullthrush]

Good science with Rusty! The normal biscuits are pretty bland tasting, don't know about the flavored ones. :)) Jack has a nice spot to survey his kingdom! Excellent review, thank you! I keep in mind that capacitors are opposite to resistors as far as value in series or parallel circuits. I noticed the hot rod is still there. Andrew

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, Andrew. It's always good to hear from you. Actually, these biscuits are rather bland also, despite the tasty flavors ascribed to them......much like the questionable claims made to justify boutique "tone" caps :) Yes, I got so attached to the '36 Chevy that I found a way to keep it. Rusty enjoys riding on the running board.....he says it's a lot like surfing, except much worse if you fall off.

[@DeadKoby]

I knew about the series/parallel values, but I wasn't sure why. Thanks boss.

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, DK :)

[@TheNeomer]

good work!

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, TN :)

[@MrMac5150]

When you test out one of Rusty Dog milk bones yourself, PLEASE film it, I would like to add it to my dog safety documentary. Thanks.

[@UncleDoug]

Since a previous commenter stated that the biscuits were "poison", I have become hesitant to perform a personal taste test. Perhaps I can talk one of the neighborhood kids into tasting them for me ;)

[@MrMac5150]

Uncle Doug wonderful

[@MrUbiquitousTech]

@@UncleDoug LOL! ;o)

[@AverageWannabe]

Thanks Uncle Doug! You rule! ;)

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, NiCo. Thanks !!

[@RedArrow73]

Is Diagram #1 Negative Left, Positive Right?

[@UncleDoug]

I don't recall, RA.

[@kendavis8046]

Nice technical discussion, as always. Rusty is a much more refined test subject for the dog biscuits, though. My own "Tater the Wonderdog" would immediately try to eat them all as quickly as possible. I enjoy your channel!

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, Ken, and regards to Tater. Trust me (behind the scenes) trying to separate Rusty from the remaining biscuits was like keeping a great white shark away from a rib roast :)

[@ertreri]

many thanks

[@UncleDoug]

You are welcome :)

[@Darieee]

Diagramatically .. these videos are awesome on a plethora of levels.. yeah well at least I had my go too

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks :)

[@krisnord4879]

This is getting exiting:-) I Never understod in school what to do with the knowledge I was taught in my electornic class, didn't have the interest in tube amps then. But now, 25 years later I have the interest, and you Dogh realy helped me get my memory back:-) Thank you for another great and interesting video, by the way, did you use to be a teacher in electronics? You are sure good keeping it simple and easy. Thanks again, looking forward to part 3 Regards Kristian

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, Kristian. I was a math and science teacher for many years. Electronics is actually just a hobby for me and I enjoy sharing the knowledge that I have gained through study, experimentation, and experience.

[@crabbdaddy05]

Uncle Doug i hope you are a adjunct professor at some higher education near you..... great work!!!

[@UncleDoug]

Nope, just some semi-addled old geezer who wanders around his workshop with his furry loyal assistant, trying to avoid my wife's nagging about "chores that must be done". Thanks :)

[@johnwhite6005]

You Awesome Uncle Doug. Can you explain the difference between algebra, geometry along with trigonometry? Much appreciated?

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, John. Yes, I can.

[@headinsouth1]

Thanks Doug! When you got to AC voltage, all I could see was a speaker crossover. Any chance you could walk us thru a basic 2-way crossover and how the different capacitance values are applied there?

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, HS. I could, perhaps in a later video. Crossovers don't appear very often in guitar amps, mostly in HiFi with separate woofers and tweeters, but I will keep the topic in mind.

[@headinsouth1]

I was sort of thinking about PA systems. Thanks again.

[@UncleDoug]

I can't say that I've seen crossovers in PA systems either, HS. They are generally mid-range, for announcements and recorded music.

[@rciancia]

Great video Doug, thanks. Rusty was sand bagging and playing the odds hoping there would be more experiments. You can try the same experiment with humans and see which capacitor they choose :P good stuff , regards, Ron

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, Ron. Now that you mention it, Rusty is the one who recommended this test. I have a feeling that I've been outsmarted once again. A capacitor comparison would have a lot in common with the dog bone test.....no real difference except for price (instead of color).

[@colinhepburn2818]

Hi Dougyes great vid helpfully for me on the Capacitive Reactance, looking forward to part 3Thank you again Doug Floyd likes any biscuits I give him :>)

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, Colin.....glad you liked it :) Regards to Floyd.

[@lookoutleo]

i guessed chicken :) doggy has good taste. thankyou for this instruction video , very interesting, wish it had been so interesting when i was in physics at school 45 years ago :)

[@UncleDoug]

Good guess, Leo. Thanks !!

[@VideoRanger]

Your dry humor is like vanilla ice cream on a slice of apple pie.

[@UncleDoug]

High praise indeed, VR. Thanks !!!

[@aphexon.]

Thanks for great video. A totaly other question, do you have any tips on getting rid of cigarett smell from amplifyers? Just bought one and it stink up my apartment.

[@JD-eq1gk]

Hey Uncle Doug! I was just checking in to your channel to see what's the latest and watching a few old Rusty videos when I noticed something behind Jack. At 9:10, what's with the arcing just below the calendar? Hope you're doing well.

[@UncleDoug]

Wow.....that is really strange, John. I would have guessed that it was reflected light, but I have no idea of what the source could be. Very strange indeed.

[@chakathewolf]

Another very well-presented lesson. Thanks! What is your opinion of the 'balancing' resistors used across filter caps in series? In the Fender diagram they are, I think, 220K 1W resistors.

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, CW. They are very important and I'm glad you brought them up. Resistors like these ensure that the voltage is applied evenly to both caps. If an imbalance occurred, the higher voltage might be able to bridge the dielectric in one of the caps.

[@danieloates6829]

Your video series is great! I started just wanting to get basic idea of how amps work and I found myself getting sucked in. Now I've watched some of your videos 2 and 3 times and I have an exercise book full of notes and diagrams. Reminds me of high school.I am curious about one thing though. How do you calculate the values for the filter capacitors. Perhaps you can you make video about this subject?

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks so much for your nice comments, Daniel. The values for filter caps in tube circuits are quite different from those found in semiconductor circuits. Tube electrolytics tend to be relatively low capacitance (i.e. 30 or 40uf) and high voltage (i.e. 450V+), while SS caps are just the opposite. There are formulas to calculate the capacitance needed, based on current, ripple, etc. but to be honest, you can generally get by just fine by seeing what other similar circuits use, or going with a common combination (i.e. 40, 20, 20uf) and then fine tuning if there is some audible ripple.

[@shaneeaston4027]

Another great video. When will Rusty complete his experiment to determine which Milk Bones Uncle Dough likes feeding him

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, Shane. No experiment is really necessary, since Rusty is not a particularly picky eater. If I set the Milk Bone box down on the step, he would probably eat it.

[@tonymanns8249]

Great video! I find it less cumbersome to simplify the Xc formula to 1000/(6.283 * Freq in khz * capacitance in microfarads).

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, Tony. Your formula makes good sense and eliminates the cumbersome and somewhat intimidating conversion of uF to Farads. I like it !!

[@dass0137]

I used to eat dog biscuits with my dog. You know, for solidarity

[@UncleDoug]

I sometimes help Jack in his catbox....for the same reason. I love the upper mustache in your icon pic, BB. No offense, but it reminds me of the handle on a Gibson EH-150 amp :)

[@eddgong]

@@UncleDoug thats not his mustache ,I think it is his handle , Have head will travel............. no offense Bongo Bobby just havin fun

[@johnmayer2236]

@@UncleDoug i naver laugh this much in my whole life.uncle dough is the best.

[@UncleDoug]

Thanks, John. Laughter makes the world a better place :)

[@johnmayer2236]

@@UncleDoug you are absolutely right sir,i am so sorry for rusty and i didn't know about that sad new till few day's ago.i hope he is in better place.RIP rusty.

[@ummagumma2861]

Hi Your notes on all subjects are excellent. Very old school type if I may say so. Is there anyway of downloading or compiling them in a file for reviewing at a later date. Thanks Kurush

[@UncleDoug]

I guess you could do a screen capture of each printed display, UG. Otherwise, there are no available files or compilations.

[@ummagumma2861]

@@UncleDoug Thanks for the prompt response. No worries. Take care

[@td7456]

Great series, Uncle Doug! Winner of the Wishbone biscuit test??? Obviously....Rusty! The final score, Rusty 3, Uncle Doug 0!

[@UncleDoug]

Actually, it was Rusty 4, the rest of us 0, Tim......and it was a real challenge to keep his score from being a lot higher :)

[@MarkBatchelder]

Thanks for all your great informative videos! I appreciate all your work to make learning interesting. However, I would suggest that you consult again with Rusty about the experiment. With his experience, I am willing to bet that he will advise you that there should be a much larger sample size before you can draw a scientifically valid conclusion. Thanks again for all the videos!

[@UncleDoug]

You're welcome, Mark. Rusty urged me to continue the test procedure for many more iterations, but I suspected that this was inspired more by gluttony than by an interest in statistical validity.