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Video Summary:
Cells in multicellular organisms coordinate their activity by communicating with each other. This communication occurs by chemical messengers. Such messengers can be amines, peptides, steroids, or other small molecules. These molecules travel to the target cells. Based on how far they travel, communication can be endocrine, paracrine, autocrine, or juxtacrine. In endocrine signaling, molecules are released into the blood and affect a cell located far away. In paracrine signaling, one type of cell releases a messenger that affects a different type of cell in the same tissue. In Autocrine signaling, cells release molecules that target the same cell or other cells of the same type. In juxtacrine signaling, cells communicate by direct physical contact. The signal molecules bind with receptors on the target cells. Hydrophilic molecules bind with receptors on the cell surface and hydrophobic molecules bind with receptors inside the cell. Various types of receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, G proteins coupled receptors, catalytic receptors, and nuclear receptors.
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