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Chemical composition: Portland cement is made up of four main compounds: tricalcium silicate (3CaO · SiO2), dicalcium silicate (2CaO · SiO2), tricalcium aluminate (3CaO · Al2O3), and a tetra-calcium aluminoferrite (4CaO · Al2O3Fe2O3).
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Abbreviation notation: C = CaO, S = SiO2, A = Al2O3, F = Fe2O3. The composition of cement is varied depending on the application. A typical example of cement contains 50-70% C3S, 15-30% C2S, 5-10% C3A, 5-15% C4AF, and 3-8% other additives or minerals (such as oxides of calcium and magnesium).
Clinker is a nodular material produced in the kilning stage during the production of cement and is used as the binder in many cement products. Clinker, when added with gypsum (to control the setting properties of cement and ensure compressive strength) and ground finely, produces cement.
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