A Brief Introduction to Fractional Distillation

[@harshsuiwal7935]

Finally This concept clicked in my head after endless reading of textbook and NPC teachers ,I have truly found a teacher who can explain it so easily and properly Thank you god that i was able to see this teachers work Ahh finally Peace!😌

[@dannis5165]

bro you just made the distillation concept click in my head, thank you so much!! the key is understanding that the vapor composition is different than the liquid composition

[@ChemSurvival]

Glad it helped!!!

[@Leopr1]

I believe that I did these calculations during my bachelor's degree without knowing what was really happening, so simple and yet it could improved a lot my grades. Thank you!

[@ChemSurvival]

+Leomar Pérez Thanks for the encouraging remarks, Leomar!

[@manojkumarjoshi634]

Wonderful explanation You explained every aspect of fractional distillation with such good animation I think this is the best explanation of fractional distillation on KZbin

[@jessicaho6736]

thank you so much! i spent like 2 hours trying to read the textbook and still didn't understand it and you explained it in less than 10 minutes.

[@ChemSurvival]

+Jessica Ho I'm so glad you found it helpful!

[@crazydrifter13]

I like your surname

[@dancalvano8702]

Don't troll the innocent drifter13 Shadilay

[@crazydrifter13]

a true troll spares none, Mr Volcano

[@mubashirbashirawan5042]

Jessica Ho hy how are you, and in which class you ard

[@ChemSurvival]

Hi lonewolferton, I really appreciate this comment. Teaching is my passion and I hope it comes through in the videos. Hopefully many more will be on the way this year. Keep your chin up and remember, if there is a will, there is a way to make your college aspirations come true. Enjoy the videos!

[@diamondbennett4005]

I watched 4 videos and this was the first one that actually clicked for me. Thank you!

[@pilot7am]

what can i say, I spent 4 weeks in uni trying to understand it, a 9 min video that you made made me understand the whole concept thank youuuuu so muuuuuch

[@Ben-up4lj]

This is a simplification which I needed a long time to understand. If you heat up the first liquid mix, it's already changing its mixture while doing that (liquid part). So you won't get a 80% purity, it has to be less. You only get almost this purity, if the second amount (the evaporated stuff) is much less then the first.

[@raghvendrapathak7067]

Can't believe such a nice content us 7 years old .. It helped me alot.. That is what i was searching for

[@francescperna]

You seriously couldn't be more clear. I love this video.

[@ChemSurvival]

Thanks, Francesca. This is one of my personal favorites, too. If you like my style, please check out my channel and consider sharing and subscribing!

[@mohammedabid9414]

Thank you so much. My textbook and professor were both confusing, and you explained everything I needed to know in 10 minutes.

[@lonewolferton]

I just wanted to thank you for all the videos. I cant afford college but thanks to your videos I am still able to be your student.

[@kevinbyrne4538]

Finally, a clear and simple explanation of fractional distillation. Many thanks for producing and posting this video. (I wish that I could give you more than one thumbs up.)

[@CristalMediumBlue]

So far, the best explanation I've seen on this topic. Thank you!

[@ChemSurvival]

Hi Kris, I try to keep the videos short. Discussing packing with steel wool, glass beads or even those columns with actual physical plates would be a cool enhancement. I may yet explain this technique in a later release of the video or in a different video all together. As a side note, we have learned in our labs that even when students neglect to pack their fractionating columns, they still get better results than running stills without the column at all! Thanks for the comment.

[@ChemSurvival]

Hi Anxious. There is no water in the jacket around the fractionating column. Reflux condensers are often re-purposed for this task, but NO WATER is used, because a temperature gradient across the column is crucial to proper function. As condensation forms in a higher (cooler) region of the column, it begins to descend and vaporizes again in a lower (hotter) region. Often, columns are packed with inert solid material to maximize surface area on which this process can take place.

[@Phoenix_Atlas]

So I can use an old condenser for this? I have one laying around.

[@ChemSurvival]

@@Phoenix_Atlas I see no reason why not, just as long as you keep in mind the points made above.

[@Phoenix_Atlas]

@@ChemSurvival then would just a long glass tube extending straight up work the same way since you don't pump water through the the condenser chamber?

[@ChemSurvival]

@@Phoenix_Atlas yes. In fact there are specially designed fractionating columns that do not contain the outer jacket at all. I use a Vigreux column much like this one: www.labdepotinc.com/p-64122-distilling-columns-vigreux?gclid=CjwKCAiAxJSPBhAoEiwAeO_fPx7gZ0oAMBNtm9ImDm9HRYYKEIKixVUg43_DKHTvHdP3PE2jSEOYJxoCR8AQAvD_BwE on my setup. Those columns are fine to use as well, although they cannot be re-purposed as a condenser should you find the need for one.

[@Phoenix_Atlas]

@@ChemSurvival that's awesome. All the fractioning columns I've seen are intricate glass pieces that look extremely expensive compared to just a glass tube.

[@crazydrifter13]

This is absolutely awesome. I understood why we use a fractionating column now. Thanks a ton.

[@odeforodds]

It took me forever to understand the material until I saw this video!!! Thank you so much, you're the best teacher ever!! God bless you <3

[@mphdee]

This just saved my lab grade coming up on Thursday!

[@prodigy1210]

Amazing video! Thank you professor for your wonderful upload.

[@ERMIE2024]

This was a very nice and clear presentation. Thank you very much.

[@ChemSurvival]

Thanks for watching!

[@ChemSurvival]

Happy to help! Be sure to check out the other videos in my DISTILLATION! playlist.

[@SamDiamonte]

Thank you for this video!! My prof never even brought up gas laws and trying to read the liquid-vapor condensation plot with no context was driving me crazy

[@Lmfaorofl17]

I was wondering, during the fractional distillation, was the temperature regulated and what would have been the ideal temperature? Great video, very thorough.

[@MrHughesNZ]

This is an excellent video which covers quite a tricky concept. Thank you for making this.

[@ChemSurvival]

HI Shane. There are clearly some simplifications in this video which are intended to make it easier to digest. I disagree with your assertion that no vaporization happens in the column. There is a temperature gradient along a fractionating column, so as condensed liquid descends the column it has an opportunity to re-vaporize, thus becoming more enriched in the more volatile component. To say that it is simply refluxing toluene and distilling benzene is also an oversimplification.

[@Sv-ry9lj]

The best ever video for explaining distillation. You are awesome ! The biggest plus is explaining with the T xy Graph and theoretical plates . This is what we expect from every professor. Please also include how it relates with xy graph and Mc cabe thiele method. Thanks once again :)

[@ChemSurvival]

Thanks for the suggestions and the feedback! Much appreciated!

[@marcielbuxa]

I am graduated in chemical engineer, but you made it so easier, I should show my teach it.

[@qwerty_____146]

Thank you for your video. nice. We can distillation of Ethanol and Methanol?

[@seethas6064]

Thanks a bunch, I never had this much clarity about this topic though I read it many times, excellent explanation with apt animation, feel excited

[@anxious08]

how is there vaportization and condensation occurring in the fractional still? is there a water jacket around the distillation column? is heat being added to the system from the boilup then condensation is occurring of the heavy keys that touches the sides of the fractonation column? please advise.

[@doodle_kudul]

Awesome animation.....!!! Clear as water... thanks 😀😀😀

[@jeffmcjefferson3793]

THX I learned so f****king much, you ezplain well and at the perfect speed.

[@ChemSurvival]

Yes. Reflux condensers are often re-purposed as fractionating columns. When this is done, it is critical that NO water be used in the jacket as this will defeat the entire purpose of the column and amount to simply refluxing the mixture. This is a common mistake made by introductory students who don't read the procedure carefully before going into the lab!

[@shashankmore448]

How can we calculate the height for any 2 such products?

[@ChemSurvival]

Thank you for the comment, hamood. That is why I do it! Please pass the channel on!

[@sniperdoug1969]

Wow you did a terrific job of describing a thump keg. This has been used by moonshiners for century's.

[@ChemSurvival]

Thanks! I doubt most moonshiners think of themselves as organic chemists, but we have more in common than you might realize. Cheers!

[@miladsammouh4741]

10/10 video. Still think we shouldnt be learning this at 13years old in eighth grade, but this vid helps out a ton. thanks.

[@Riyaz313]

Can i make hindi version of your video on KZbin???

[@drjake6350]

Very nice video! We do that in our laboratory but we have a problem, the condenser get hot when we run the test, so the liquid flows through the condenser, what can I do for it?

[@krismarcoen864]

so what do you use for cooling?

[@sohilbhatia7237]

very nice explanation. Studying for a chemistry competition...helps a lot.

[@apophenixplata9839]

Your voice is very relaxing.

[@peehurasotra5084]

can even tell you how much this helped! thank you💞

[@eanfoso]

How is the reflux ratio related to the reboiler? Thanks!

[@prince7zn]

Thanks for this, and plz answer this question, why did we say the benzene will condensed or distilled? why not toluene since it's a mixture? is it because of the boiling point was only 80 not reaching 110? thanks for any help

[@robertostman2075]

after having seen a few of these sort of videos I don't see how is that there are dumping lands where toxic waste is stored... where the important utopic argument is that there is no way to separate the toxic stuff back into its primordial elements... to me, it seems like these sort of videos prove that there are some good ways to deal with all sorts of pollutants/toxins and other junk that may have been created as a by product of a process

[@daviddickson2433]

Robert Ostman z%

[@_biomacromolecules7782]

good question sir. worth investigating.

[@kvrsaragadam7716]

It's very helpful.. Nice video sir.. THANK YOU SO MUCH 🙏🙏🙏

[@abdullaayyash]

thanks for share this,the visualization was fantastic

[@DieselRamcharger]

I wish i had a teacher like this guy!

[@ChemSurvival]

Very humbling and flattering to hear. Thanks for watching! I hope you will subscribe, browse my channel and share!

[@dreamingnights6440]

When you cool down 80% mole vapor Benzene, would it be considered 80% mole Benzene in Toluene? Then afterward, when you heat it up, does that 80% mole Benezene in Toluene turn into 97% vapor benzene?

[@AnkitaSingh-mq5su]

Thank u so much this video is really helpful.... finally I could figure out what actually is theoretical no of plates... thank u so much

[@ChemSurvival]

Ankita Singh My pleasure. Glad it helped. I remember being so confused about this process as a young student many years ago. Anything I can do to help others make the connections more quickly is very rewarding to me! Don't forget to check out the rest of the channel! kzbin.info

[@ChemSurvival]

How did that work out for you?

[@jeffreywilson4719]

thank you, I finally understand why a longer column is better!

[@martinusputra7479]

What If we apply to essential oil, can i get the pure componen? What the text book can i reading to that teory?

[@mrstratau6513]

Excellent clear explanation.

[@cesarcollantescarrion2914]

How will the Case Of A reactive distillation ?

[@vigloryhumbless8616]

Very helpful illustration! Thank you so muchhh

[@ChemSurvival]

Glad it was helpful. Be sure to subscribe and check out the rest of my videos to help you get ready!

[@reemochaccino]

After the first distillation The 80% mil benzene This means that the total pressure is (0.8×1200) +(0.2×300)=1020 torr This means the other distillation would give me (960/1020) ×100%=94% mil benzene Can you please tell me how did you get 97%?? Are my calculations wrong??

[@pokemonjynx1019]

but how far apart should each plate be from each other? we'd have infinite amount of plates if each plate is next to each other

[@clarkewi]

Disclaimer. I live in New Zealand where distilling spirits in the home is not illegal. I have a small still that thru watching your video uses the fractional distillarion mechanism you describe. The "pure" ethel alcohol fraction comes out of the angled column on the right at between 48 and 52C. I have a question:: Do I have to monitor the temperature of the solution being heated that contains both water and alcohol? Or will the alcohol fraction keep the temperature stable in the heated solution until all the alcohol fraction is boiled off?

[@ChemSurvival]

Hi Clarkewi. Even in the best fractional still, the composition of the distillate will change through time. Generally, this change involves increasing concentrations of less volatile components (in your case, more and more water content). So the highest proof spirits (those with the lowest boiling point) should come over first. If you are monitoring the temperature in your still head (the temperature of the vapor above the boiling liquid, not the dripping liquid distillate), you can gauge when it is time to stop your still by looking for a sharp increase in the temperature. This is an indication that the ethanol is depleted from your boiling vessel and now you are just bringing over more water and diluting your distillate. kzbin.info/www/bejne/pHetqml8lKpoZtE This video might help you to understand better. If you can monitor the temperature of the vapor in the still-head, you want to try to stay on the lower plateau of the diagrams that I discuss in this video. A healthy still should operate in the mid 70 to 80's of degrees centigrade. Good luck on your (perfectly legal down under) project!

[@telungg]

Thanks so much for this video! Now I understand how fractional distillation works. I have a question: in an azeotropic mixture, we can't separate them using this method. Is it because they have similar partial vapor pressure?

[@rebeccalalmuanpuii1062]

Thank you...you explain it so simple, great help

[@juroyagashi4171]

Wow now I understand Theoretical plates lol. Can you insulate the F. Column to improve the speed of distillation or you think the purity will suffer?

[@alouimed6603]

I am very thinkful you are doing a great job

[@ChemSurvival]

+aloui med :-)

[@AbujanDisco]

this is a great illustration!! good job ! but i have a question what about the natural progression of the system won't the system raise in temperature to accommodate the loss of the vapour pressure so the liquid can still boil?? and wouldn't that reduce the purity of the vapour gradually containing more of the less volatile liquid?? and how would the plot proceed in a continuous distillation ?

[@ChemSurvival]

YES! That is exactly what will happen! You can see my explanation of it here kzbin.info/www/bejne/pHetqml8lKpoZtE We usually simplify introductory explanations of distillation by only considering the first moments of the process, when the composition of the boiling liquid has not changed appreciably. However, as time passes, it will indeed become more concentrated in the LESS volatile solvent. This results in a constantly (though not necessarily consistently) changing boiling point for the remaining un-distilled liquid. Please check out the video linked above and share with your friends/classmates/students/teachers

[@AbujanDisco]

ChemSurvival Thank you :)

[@akbardoosti1132]

so powerful explanation. thanks

[@Snakes-w1c]

As a kid, toluene came in an orange and white metallic tube. It was great at melting plastic, but it had an odor, or dare I say an aroma?

[@MrJohndolson]

Awesome video, very helpful.

[@amberye8806]

that is very nice to know. thank you for helping me to save a lot of time.

[@kakasandro9896]

are we heating this mixture at 80 C as u said toluene is low volatile that's due to temp? (toluene has 110 C bp) and how do we set the temp for a unknown sample mixture

[@mikehikes710]

u dont kno its unknown u gotta use scientifical analysis

[@NavdeepSingh-lw4xw]

great video 👌👌 some high class stuff 👍

[@ChemSurvival]

Thanks! Be sure to like, share and subscribe to help me get the word out about my videos! All the best, Prof. D

[@bijeshsbva]

how to check the license of this video

[@philanintuli817]

This is the best video I've watched that discusses distillation. Quick question: what software did you use for the animations?

[@ChemSurvival]

Hi Cebo. Thanks for the praise. To accomplish most of my videos I use a combination of several programs, including PowerPoint, Sony Movie Studio, Adobe Illustrator, SnagIt and CambridgeSoft's ChemDraw and Chem3D. The main engine for combining all the objects and animations I create is PowerPoint.

[@philanintuli817]

I've just downloaded those softwares...how much do you charge for tutoring sessions?...*fingers crossed*...lol!

[@izzygrandic]

Great video! So helpful.

[@ChemicalEngineeringGuy]

Just in point! Very great videos!

[@kgupta101098]

It was a big help...Thnx fr the video.....!!!

[@ChemSurvival]

Glad it was helpful!!!

[@speadskater]

So, there's a calculus here that's not mentioned. Your lower mixture won't stay at 50% very long, meaning you'll need a longer and longer column to maintain ~100% as your mixture boils down, correct?

[@PANDORASBOXRELEASE]

based off data i got in my own lab from this, our sample got more pure the longer the experiment ran. we took samples at different points in time and our last samples were the most pure.

[@javonfair]

What program do you use to make these simple animations?

[@mahxylim7983]

Thank you! This is super helpful!

[@osalthuduwage3337]

This is really excellent.

[@luanchagas182]

Hi, which software do you use for making these videos? I loved it

[@Zuberzito]

Amazing explanation. Congrats.

[@krismarcoen864]

i think you forgot to explain the packed column or is it in another video? :s

[@df4250]

Brilliant explanation! It's a pity it took me so long to find this. One question though (if you're still around :) ) - With two miscible liquids with significant boiling point differences (as per benzene/toluene), Is there any advantage in warming the fractionating column to the boiling temperature of the benzene (the lower of the two boiling points) to minimise condensation of the benzene in the column and perhaps give it more "encouragement" to reach the top of the column?

[@firebubble5911]

I have the same question but I think if u had a warmer column the faster it would go but it would be less pure because there would be less reflux of the toluene

[@mustakim2144]

Great explanation. Thank you!

[@surajkumarbehera]

You said that on 2nd time distillation we get 97% benzen , but my calculation show 94% . Please check If I am calculating wrong. Pt = 0.2 * 300 + 0.8 *1200 = 60 + 960 = 1020 now % benzen in that vapour is = 960/1020 *100 = 94 %

[@aniquasitwath7635]

Thank you so much ! The best explanation

[@휩휩]

This is sooooo helpful!

[@tinglingchemistry]

Wow

[@abigailbravobenitez1226]

thank you so much! It help me in my virtual lab. :)

[@KrisEditz29]

Wonderful explanation thanks a lot

[@Cosmuex]

I wish I could give my tuition money to youtubers. Thank you so much

[@ChemSurvival]

I'd love to take your money XD .... but I'll settle for you subscribing and passing the channel along! Thanks for watching! :-)

[@billgreene5021]

Very good video!

[@shanepsylence7957]

Also the fractionating column has no water running through the jacket otherwise it would cool the vapor too much and everything would reflux. No vapor would go passed the first column.

[@pablocardella5930]

Man, you are AWESOME!

[@ChemSurvival]

Thanks! I'm glad you liked the video!

[@freedomvoice2]

Great job!

[@harpindersingh8972]

finally understood what the liquid vapour diagram means. :D thank you so much! :)