CLASS 9| CHAPTER 2| Part 5| SOCIALISM IN EUROPE & RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

CLASS 9| CHAPTER 2| Part 5| SOCIALISM IN EUROPE & RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Notes by
Akshay Sir
What was the February Revolution in Russia?
• In the winter of 1917, conditions in the capital, Petrograd, were grim. The layout of the city seemed to emphasise the divisions among its people. The workers quarters and factories were located on the right bank of the River Neva. On the left bank were the fashionable areas, the Winter Palace, and official buildings, including the palace where the Duma met.
• In February 1917, food shortages were deeply felt in the workers quarters. The winter was very cold and there had been exceptional frost and heavy snow.
• Parliamentarians wishing to preserve elected government, were opposed to the Tsars desire to dissolve the Duma.
• On 22 February, a lockout took place at a factory on the right bank. The next day, workers in fifty factories called a strike in sympathy. In many factories, women led the way to strikes. This came to be called the International Womens Day.
• Demonstrating workers crossed from the factory quarters to the centre of the capital in the Nevskii Prospekt. At this stage, no political party was actively organising the movement. As the fashionable quarters and official buildings were surrounded by workers, the government imposed a curfew.
• Demonstrators dispersed by the evening, but they came back on the 24th and 25th. The government called out the cavalry and police to keep an eye on them.
• On Sunday, 25 February, the government suspended the Duma. Politicians spoke out against the measure. Demonstrators returned in force to the streets of the left bank on the 26th.
• On the 27th, the Police Headquarters were ransacked. The streets thronged with people raising slogans about bread, wages, better hours and democracy. The government tried to control the situation and called out the cavalry once again. However, the cavalry refused to fire on the demonstrators.
• An officer was shot at the barracks of a regiment and three other regiments mutinied, voting to join the striking workers. By that evening, soldiers and striking workers had gathered to form a soviet council in the same building as the Duma met.
• This was the Petrograd Soviet. The very next day, a delegation went to see the Tsar. Military commanders advised him to abdicate. He followed their advice and abdicated on 2 March. Soviet leaders and Duma leaders formed a Provisional Government to run the country.
• Russians future would be decided by a constituent assembly, elected on the basis of universal adult suffrage. Petrograd had led the February Revolution that brought down the monarchy in February 1917.
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