Clicker Training Basics - Dog Training

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When getting started with clicker training, please consult with a professional clicker trainer to ensure you are using the clicker training method correctly. Many use this method wrong and blame the method when the dog does not learn, when in reality, it is the "trainer" "handler" "person" that is not using the clicker properly. Pam's Dog Academy offers many online clicker training classes and has multiple DVDs on the clicker training method. If you don't see something that you would like to take and need help with your dog, Pamela Johnson offers one on one online training. www.pamsdogtrai...
I did this video because I never really have showed people how to use clicker training. This has the basic rules to clicker training and how to use toys and food as a reinforcer.
The click is a secondary reinforcer and the food or the toy is the primary reinforcer. The dog wants to hear the click because he has learned that good things happen after the click.
Have a great day.
Pam, Isabelle, Bandit & Twix

[@littleaussiepoodle5106]

What I like to tell people when they ask about clicker training is something like this: "A clicker is a way to tell your dog he tried something that worked. A click is not a reward and it is not a command. It is a sign that a reward is coming and that to get another, the previous action must be repeated or built on. If I click for my dog sniffing a new object, then he knows I probably want him to touch it with his nose. If that works, he will also offer mouthing to see if that is what I want. If touching with his nose wasn't right, he might try pawing the object, or nosing it in a different way. A good example is when I taught my dog to open a box by nosing the bottom of the lid. Now when I click for him touching something, he will ALWAYS try flipping it to see if that's right. You can teach your dog new behaviors as if they are natural things for him to perform. A clicker teaches a dog that anything that has worked in the past may work again. This is why it is so great, because your dog will start offering things that have worked before. In practice, this makes training incredibly fast because they will repeat the same action over and over, getting better at it each time, and following your raises of criteria very quickly.

[@relaxmydog]

Thanks soooooo much for sharing this!

[@Pamsdogacademy]

You are so welcome!

[@SAMURAISERENITY1]

Y’all this literally my PE teacher y’all ❤️❤️

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Awe You ROCK!

[@diahlarasati6683]

this is the best video on clicker training, very detailed but still short and to the point. thank you!

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Glad it was helpful!

[@callum547]

My pug is now trained! Thank you!

[@Pamsdogacademy]

+SpacemanGamingFTW Awesome!

[@omarvelarde4493]

The empathising with our dogs part about not listening or reacting is so cute. This was very helpful. Thank you ❤️

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Omar Velarde Thank you for your nice comment! I am happy it helped. Have a great day! Pam

[@sgtsprinkles7619]

Start by click/trating Leo for looking at you when you aren't saying his name at all. Then once he reliably will look at you, start to say his name right as he begins the behavior of looking at you, then click/treat. Once that is reliable, start to say his name a bit earier, and click treat as soon as he looks at you. Eventually, he will happily respond to his name! Make sure that if he isn't responding, you don't keep saying his name over and over, or he will learn it has no meaning.

[@ruthiepegs1]

Pamela, just wanted to say thank you for this video, the way you explain it has made it so much clearer for me - and as always, it's us humans who need the training!!!!

[@hinatahicks5833]

The other dogs like " Hey your giving him all my treats"

[@Crushxyoxskull]

Haha I saw that too!

[@Pamsdogacademy]

HAHA! Yes, but they eventually got to train and got treats too. :)

[@sequoyahbean]

Check out Pamela's video called "The Surprise Party Game" - the correct protocol for training a dog not to freak out at the sight of other dogs is called "desensitization and counter-conditioning" - you may need a trainer to help you. Find one at the Pet Professional Guild. Or, you might find some excellent help in Kim Moeller's book, "Reactive Rover" which comes with a DVD.

[@TheNarzilla]

"The clicker is not a remote control." I cracked up at that!

[@rockda]

Happy Thanksgiving. Just read your wishes from 2009. :)

[@analarson2920]

This video was really well done, clear voice and examples with clear words written and pictures. The set up on variety is good too so glad I found you on youtube. My friend turned me on to clicker training when she took a stallion that was to be put down due to his anxiety and aggression, he is very much alive and has not hurt anyone and is the best behaved horse. He willing wants to do things, its amazing to see an animal give of themselves this way. Thanks again!

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Thank you! I truly appreciate your kind words! That is wonderful news about your friends horse!! Thank you! Pam

[@lawrence3643]

And do NOT watch this video if your dog is close and already began clicker training hahaha

[@stormy1168]

Thank you! I was a bit nervous as I was doing the clicker and handing him treats because he was SUPER focused on my hand he knew that had treats. He kept nosing it but I wouldn't let him have one until I clicked. I couldn't get him distracted by asking him to fetch his toy (which usually he is excited to do) but apparently he likes the treat a lot more than toys. By treat 15 I saw him look from the clicker to the hand with treats. So when I got to the last 20th piece, suddenly he broke away to check for anything on the floor. I clicked, his head popped up immediately in anticipation. Day 1 and already got him to associate. I'll be reinforcing it tomorrow :)

[@MrRasorci1]

Hi Pam! I just started teaching my dog clicker training today. She is a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. I found your videos very helpful and I will use them a lot more in the near future. My little Cavie seems to understand clicker training very well thanks to you! Thanks for the help! :)

[@9puppys]

This will come in handy if I ever want to train my dogs, subbed

[@Pamsdogacademy]

9puppys Thank you for the sub! Have fun training your dog.

[@ctpssngr]

This video was so very helpful!! My corgi Millie is picking up clicker training in no time!! Thank you so much.

[@yolandanilson859]

Omg I'm definitely getting a clicker now

[@ClickerPets]

I just did my second training session with one of our cats, Tulip, working on charging the clicker. It took her two training sessions to learn what the click means, with the first one, her not even responding to the click, but now she knows that the click means a treat is coming.

[@Northings]

Excellent video, many many thanks.

[@bravescatz]

Thanks Pamela, this is great. Just shared it with someone asking for help learning about clicker training. It was really needed on youtube to help more learn where to start and how it works. Awesome! I loved the carpet wipe while backing up, Bandit looked like he was moon walking. LOL

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Thank you so much! I am happy that I could make it clearer for you! My goal is to try to make dog training easy so that everyone can have success with their dog. :) Have a great day! I am always continuing to learn and hope to never stop learning. :)

[@GIRLonMW2]

Wow this is one of my fav videos! I love trainers who train the owner in turn I can learn how to have a good relationship with my dog! I can’t wait to use a clicker!

[@MrRasorci1]

I got my clicker from Petco. It doesn't really matter what clicker you use as long as it is the same on every time because your dog's ears can hear the frequency change if you have bought a new clicker and used it to train with other than the clicker you introduced to your dog when you started clicker training him/her. You can use the same brand and exact same clicker if that one becomes old, but you should stay with the same one.

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Hi Daniel, The click or verbal marker is ONLY used to train acceptable new behaviors or when increasing criteria (duration, distance, distractions, etc). To interrupt an unacceptable behavior I use a positive interrupter (I have a video on it & so does kikopup). Then I click and reinforce the dog when he does the acceptable behavior. Jumps down off the table, etc... To stop unwanted chewing I provide acceptable things to chew & reward for the dog choosing to chew on those. Hope that helps!

[@sistasilvatress4780]

Awesome training!!!! Thanks for sharing!

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Sista Silvatress Thank you 😊

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Do you mean how to increase criteria? Have you taught a STAY using the clicker training? That is a great way to start learning how to increase criteria. For example Stay for duration. Sometimes dogs get frustrated when we raise criteria too quickly. With clever smart dogs we tend to move onto the next thing fast and miss some steps. Those missed steps can cause frustration sometimes. Start asking for two behaviors before Click/Treat, then maybe 3. Vary it up... Hope that helps.

[@VarpuTheGreat]

I just bought a clicker and 500 training treats for my English Toy Terrier that I will get in 10 days. This will be my first time trying to use clicker! All our dogs have been really smart and they have learned some neat tricks, but this time I want to try this clicking thing. I have heard that ETT's are really "smart" dogs, so I hope that we will have some fun at home and in agility parks :) Nice video! Oh and my dogs name is Jack and he's 6 months old now.

[@barov9847]

Friеnds If уоu rеаlly wаnt tо Тrаin уоur dоg рrofеssiоnаllуthеn уоu Shоuld сheсk оut this websitе twitter.com/ba8fa737bbacd0ede/status/742623739800653824I реrsоnаllу triеd it and it vеryу hеlрful thаt’s whу I аm rесоmmеnding this wеbsite tо аll…...... Clickеr Тrаining Bаsiсs Dоg Тrаining

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Use a leash and don't open the door until you have a leash on or until you train your dog not to door dash. All dogs are reinforced by something, use high value treats, environment or toys. Observe your dog to find out what floats his boat. Also, don't free feed and leave your dogs food out. Feed him smaller meals and he will want the food in training. Train with him before dinner or meals. Good Luck!

[@davidburdan6204]

can you send me a collector

[@einalieldelarosa616]

+Pam's Dog Academy hi everyone ,if anyone else needs to find out about puppy training tips try Renkarter Puppy Course Report (should be on google have a look ) ? Ive heard some interesting things about it and my cousin got excellent results with it.

[@janicetan3874]

Hi what brand of clicker are you using?

[@CharlysGardenSchoolg]

Thank you for the idea of using a word!!! A clicker definitely is not always handy throughout the day.

[@MsBorderCollieLover]

Beautifully explained, Great video :)

[@colindavis1810]

This helped so much

[@seaofglass77]

I'm just getting in to this stuff,your video was very helpful!

[@Pamsdogacademy]

+Sarah Richards Thank you!

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Thank you! I am happy you liked it. I felt like I was rambling on and on. :) I will be doing another video on how to increase criteria and ask for more from the dog without them getting frustrated. :)

[@Pamsdogacademy]

ANY TIME!! I am happy to help when I can! :)

[@Pamsdogacademy]

You CAN train an old dog new tricks! :) So, for sure you can start training your dog using clicker training. Find some treats that your dog loves or toys and use those in your training. Just have fun! I am sure your dog will do great!

[@lozbomb436]

Pam I've been carer for a difficult alpha male Shar Pei for nearly 2 years now... Earlier this year he was adopted and they returned him 5 months later, as u'd expect, it messed with his head. In 4 months I move to Sydney for school & the shelter I volunteer for is closing. Since he was returned he has bitten a few ppl, - not bad or enough to draw blood and it was always their fault, but still enough that if he gets adopted and returned again, there is no other carer for him and he will likely be euthanised. He is a beautiful, loving intelligent animal who just got a raw deal but with the right owner he could be magic... We've made mad progress from when he came to me he couldn't even walk on a lead but time is short now n I need a way to socialise him, get him to not be such a guard dog and go crazy at anyone at the door and learn not to bite ppl if I'm too sick or can't take him for a walk for a day for some reason... Is there a fast way I can do this to give him the best chance before I move away? Clicker?? He doesn't deserve to be put down but I just can't take him with me

[@MrEstebanEscudero]

Great video!

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Thanks!

[@Kiwi_Tea]

Thank you for this. We are getting a new pup (4-5 months old) this week and I'm going to click train her.

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Spectre You’re welcome! Feel free to contact me if you have questions once you start training your puppy. 😊 Best wishes, Pam

[@Kiwi_Tea]

Thank you so much for your quick response and offer :) I do have one quick question...she's coming for the SPCA...should we give her some time to settle and adjust before training, or start the day after bringing her home?

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Spectre I would give her a few days to feel comfortable in your home first. You could still reinforce/reward her throughout the day for doing things you like. For example, give her a piece of kibble or her normal food for coming to you on her own, when you pet her, when she is calm in the house, etc. This way she learns what you like from the moment you bring her home. When you do this, you are building a positive associate with you, your family and the new environment. If she seems comfortable and happy, you could start training her. Keep in mind that when you are simply rewarding her for things you like, that is also training. The more she is rewarded for things she does, the more she will offer and continue to do those behaviors. Hope that helped! 😊

[@Kiwi_Tea]

It does, immensely! Thank you. I will let you know how she goes :)

[@Pamsdogacademy]

@@Kiwi_Tea You are welcome! I look forward to hearing about your girl and helping you with your journey together! :)

[@Pamsdogacademy]

For eye contact, I do like click and toss the treat to move the dog away from me to "set them up" to have to turn around and look at me again. Kind of like a reset, but it is also the dogs rewards since I did click...

[@killianmcclellan285]

This was extremely helpful, thank you!

[@milorobinson9428]

I got mine from amazon, it's a clicker and whistle in one, it's great :)

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Hi, Thank you for subscribing! Yes, Emily Larlham (Kikopup) and I are best friends! We used to play and train our own dogs together going out having fun, etc... Then she moved to Sweden. :( However, we still are in close contact! :)

[@galatea3105]

I really want to train my dog with this! I just got him 3 days ago and he is 3 months old!

[@Sallybunckle]

So glad I found your the best trainer out !! Id like to train my two dogs together like I see here in this video. But if im working with one dog, the other comes into our space and tries getting in on the action. Id like to learn how to disengage the second dog. Hope you can help thanks Karen

[@Pamsdogacademy]

With my dogs, they know when they are working with me and when they are not. So, the one that is on the couch might earn reinforcement for being good on the couch, I would not click him for being good. I would just give him a few treats here or there. The one that I am working with will get the clicks and reinforcers. Sometimes I work with them together, but only have them do tricks they already know. I train new behaviors separate. I hope that helps. :)

[@AllaBreveDuo]

Yes; she is on the leash with a harness. She is a mixed breed; we hear part lab, part pit bull, part ? I will look for the surprise party game and get back to you. Thanks for your reply!!

[@jaylopo1245]

Thanks for this video! I plan to use this method for fancy rats (if i ever get one lol). Keep up the good work!

[@Pamsdogacademy]

You can use different clickers. However, you might have to re-condition the new clicker if it sounds a bit different. However, I have used many different kinds with my dogs and they respond to them all just the same. I think the sound is similar enough that they still understand. When I use my marker words and say "yes", my dogs still know it if I say, "YES" or "YEEEESSSSSS", so that is similar to using a different clicker. :) They should still respond & understand. :)

[@MrsCamelia]

Yes it helped. Thank you.

[@bentandersen9014]

Bailey looks just like my dog! Can anyone identify wat mix she could be? Ours is also a rescue and they had no idea where she came from. I'm binge watching this show...

[@arulmozin]

Useful tips.Thank you!

[@OriginalnaPL]

You're a great pet owner! everybody can see that! your dogs look so happy, and they know a lot of tricks! it just proves you're amazing. :) subscribed.

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Zuzia Zielinska Thank you! I adore my dogs! :)

[@OriginalnaPL]

Pam's Dog Academy everybody does. :)

[@paigedavis8198]

Thank you so much. I have the clicker and I've been able to get my puppy to respond to it and sit. But I'm trying to do clicker training with cat and puppy interaction. I'm going to try your tips and see how click training works. Maybe using the word yes instead of good girl will help. I like your videos I'm going to subscribe.

[@kevtlee08]

i was very skeptical of clicker training. thinking something like that is bs and would never work. I decided to train my cockatiel with a clicker and to my surprise it really works. now my brother has two german shepherd and they are not very well train. i'm going to start doing some clicker training with them.

[@zemtek420]

I do not like clicker training at all. Verbal markers work just as good if not better. I prefer to have my hands free. I also prefer to be constant in my teaching. I also do a lot behavior capturing which clickers are totally useless for. Clicker training is just a fad to sell people on dog teaching classes. People should be taught the proper use of verbal markers both positive and negative. Plus is just a pain in the ass to remember to keep your clicker with you where ever you go. Its just annoying when your voice works just as good. Feel fee to look at my KZbin channel. I plan on doing a lot more dog teaching videos.

[@MrRasorci1]

Oh, I see now! Thanks Pam! :)

[@laurenmontero1791]

this is such good advice

[@zuzannacechini9265]

what should i do if my dog is only focused on the treats in my hand and not the clicking sound?

[@AllaBreveDuo]

Hello Pam - Do you have a video to help us prevent our new rescue dog from wanting to jump at cars?

[@samyagardner4902]

THANK YOU

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Pt 2: If the dog knows (100% knows) the behavior on a verbal and or a visual cue in many environments, then you do not need the clicker anymore for that behavior. However, if the dog knows "sit" at home, in the yard, but at the park he does not respond to the cue sit, then I would get out my clicker and treat or toys and re-train the behavior at the park. Just because the dog knows a behavior at the house does not mean he understands that same behavior in other places. It might take awhile.

[@davieh8513]

great video

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Thank you!

[@MrPaulhr]

Just sent this to a friend doubting how effective clicker is..thankyou.

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Thank you!

[@Pamsdogacademy]

No, that is not too young! I started training my dogs when they were 10 weeks old (the day I brought them home). :) Have fun!

[@MrsCamelia]

You said that a training session should be short. Can you please tell me how many minutes should it takes?

[@petsforsale]

thank you so much for explaining the basics of clicker training, would I be right in thinking the same basics apply with training horses?

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Thank you! Yes, clicker training is the same basics no matter what species you are working with. Lucky you to have a horse to clicker train! :) Have fun!

[@highlandwildcat31]

I started using a clicker a couple days ago with my pup. He is 10 weeks old and has picked it up astonishingly fast. However, I think i may have just put a wrench in my progress, watching this the whole way through with him in the room, and hearing all the clicks in the vid and no treats came lol.

[@exdemlatina6487]

How do I train my dog to sit out the other dogs training! This is incredible

[@Pamsdogacademy]

I always start by teaching one dog to settle on their own before adding a second dog. Then when I add a second dog, I have the working dog do easy things and reinforce the dog that is waiting nicely. I use a high rate of reinforcement and as the dog is getting it, I decrease the reinforcement and randomly reinforce. I hope that helps some.

[@imperialanimation9267]

When i say yes we taught our dog to sneeze

[@popoymotmot]

I can’t wait to train my wife with the clicker.

[@Pamsdogacademy]

That is funny! There was an episode on the Big Bang theory where Sheldon trained Penny using positive reinforcement. Clicker training is actually used on humans and I have seen it used in gymnastics and piano playing.

[@CTW461]

Pamela, is the saying "You can't teach an old dog a new trick" true? My dog is about 5 years old, and i want to begin clicker training.

[@mexicain2104]

This video is very helpful

[@animepabu5526]

Lol that one dog on the couch was like wtf lol

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Yes, he would have preferred to be the one working. :)

[@CrystalReneeMusic]

I noticed the same thing 😂😂 😂😂 😂 lol

[@CrystalReneeMusic]

My dog is 11 weeks, he's very hyperactive, he won't listen, and he plays too much lol.... But, I love my little chunky butt pup. How can I get the clicker technique to work on him? He's always so distracted and I doubt he'll even notice the click or care for the treat.... Please help.

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Can you send me an email? Helping from KZbin is hard... I think that if you email me, I will be able to give you more detailed advice. Thank you. Pam [e-mail] :)

[@JaySeanDerulo1]

my pups starting to get it, hes an 8 week old eskie, its harder because of all the energy he has

[@coralmania]

exercise him to tire them out a bit then start the training......works for me.

[@byoungizzle]

An elementary question that can be more preference than protocol: do you recommend handing the treat to the dog or tossing it. I know you can toss the treat to have them reset when learning other behaviors but for this individual lesson, what do you prefer?

[@Pamsdogacademy]

I would start with 2 - 5 minutes at most with a novice dog. However, you could do multiple training sessions in a day. :) Hope that helps.

[@Pamsdogacademy]

I will try to do a video of that soon. Also, once the dog knows the behavior, you do not need to click anymore, only if you are raising criteria, in a new location, or faced with new distractions. Good Luck!

[@leoship3322]

Zak wouldn't the clicker always have to be used and kind of take the power away from you always leaving you dependent on it.

[@elAfreet]

thank u very much

[@Pamsdogacademy]

You're welcome.

[@williamwatson2423]

At 04:55 you say that with humans clicker training is called "TAGG teaching". What does "TAGG" stand for? I want to learn more about it but can't find it in the search engines. Thanks.

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Here is one article I found for you. I actually put an extra G in TAG, and have not even caught this mistake until now, which is 8 years later. WOW! www.clickertraining.com/node/3323

[@williamwatson2423]

@@Pamsdogacademy Thanks very much. I appreciate you doing it now. :)

[@amritcheema5310]

hey,pam..i have a puppy german shepard 3months old... i want to train them by cliker... the all cool tricks how i train my puppy

[@DanjelLikesMusic]

Thanks for this :) Really helpful!! Will like and subscribe!

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Thank you! Glad to help!!

[@DanjelLikesMusic]

[@Ann-cs6oz]

I'm just wondering: If you have two dogs, how does the observing dog (the one you aren't working with) know that you aren't clicking for their behavior?

[@lizzanderson22]

Ok, So it sounds like the pet associates the "click" sound with the reward but at what point do you give the command/ ask for behavior? What is the system for this command , click , reward? -I'm confused.

[@karlaowens8896]

I am going to try this for my blue heeler

[@keep_dancing]

How do you transfer from saying "yes" into what you want your dog to do? Just say "sit" or "lay"? I never worked with a clicker before

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Jessica Randolph Once you are getting the behavior you like and your dog is doing it and understanding that the behavior is causing you to click and treat. Then you can say the cue that you want to give that behavior, example "Sit" and you say sit right before you know your dog will sit, then you click and treat the sit. You repeat this until the dog can sit when you say the word sit. If you train the sit in the house, your dog will not automatically understand that sit means to sit outside, so you will have to retrain it with the clicker. However, once your dog understands the cue sit, you will not need to click and treat the behavior. You can treat from time to time but you will not need to click. If you notice your dog can sit or do a particular behavior that he knows at home, you can bring out the clicker and retrain the behavior at the new place. Once the dog understands the behavior and can do the behavior in many environments, then I would say he understands the cue and how to do the behavior. If he can't do the behavior, he might be too stressed, the place is too distracting, etc… Check out my 10 Treat Game to test and proof behaviors. :) Hang in there and feel free to ask me questions, I am happy to help. Pam

[@marialorelieblasquino6626]

very helpful . where i can get those clicker. i been looking for local pet store here in the Philippines but i did not find any. :(

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Maria Lorelie Blasquino I can send you some, if you pay for shipping and handling. Send me your address via email: [e-mail] You can also use a marker word such as "Yes" or "Yep" to mean the same thing as a click.

[@FizzyliciousASMR]

Very helpful!

[@Pamsdogacademy]

I am glad it helped...

[@joemath361]

what happens if the dog bolts out the door and would rather run off than have a treat? What is the dog is not hungry and would rather cross a road?

[@liemh9290]

That explains it all.

[@Rain-xn9xg]

Could this work for my rabbit? I've been trying to train him like a dog and he definitely has the potential.

[@Pamsdogacademy]

RainWolf 9090 yes! Just make sure you have a treat that your rabbit really loves! 😊 Good luck!

[@Rain-xn9xg]

@@Pamsdogacademy Ok! Thank you for responding!

[@Pamsdogacademy]

RainWolf 9090 You are welcome! Please let me know how it is going once you get started. 😊

[@Rain-xn9xg]

@@Pamsdogacademy We've started! Carrot and Apple pieces seem to be a good treat for him. He responds well to the clicker, too. So far I've started teaching him the phrase "come" with the clicker. I think he finds it fun!

[@Pamsdogacademy]

RainWolf 9090 That is wonderful!

[@cleffa3000]

Hi , I'm just wondering ... can i use my clicker to distract the dog focus ? Cause the dog is so afraid of the vehicle during walking and I wish to help the dog to overcome her fear.

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Do you mean when the dog is learning that the click = reward? If so, then I would probably deliver the treat to the dog... That is a great question! If I am teaching a particular behavior that I want the dog to stay back or remain where they are, I might toss the treat to them or over their head and behind them... :)

[@brilsyortiz2687]

Where can i get this clicker

[@stanleyrowden6558]

we have a one yr old rescue dog who is very nervous, it is difficult to get her to take treats from our hand, do our training of her is very slow

[@Pamsdogacademy]

Going slow is great for shy dogs as well as new dogs to the family! Good for you! I hope your rescue dog is doing much better!

[@petsforsale]

Thank you so much :-)

[@Pamsdogacademy]

AWESOME!! :) Cats are more challenging. My cat knows a few tricks. :)) They are challenging, but fun to train!