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@QuantumBraced4 жыл бұрын
Kind of amazing that they had 700MB CDs when the average HDD size was like 40MB. That's like having 50TB discs now.
@AcidDaBomb3 жыл бұрын
What the largest drive in 1988 was 20 MB or 40 MB? You could store 17 hard drives on one CD
@pocketfudgy3 жыл бұрын
In 88 40MB hard drives were rare. 20MB was the norm for the average user
@thomasham1302 жыл бұрын
@@pocketfudgy not only that but we're talking 386 with most ppl still using 286. Think the 486 came out in 89?
@LordHorst2 жыл бұрын
I remember when a friend of mine had bought s hard drive that was a tad bit over 700MB big. We were amazed by the fact you could store an entire CD on it, lol.
@TuNnL Жыл бұрын
@@AcidDaBomb key word being "could" since as Gary Kildall points out in this clip, these are 'read-only' CD drives. No way for the end-user to write anything to them in 1988. 💁🏻♂️💿⛔
@jorgealves83198 жыл бұрын
Ilike watching these shows and feel like i'm living in the future
@tapfs88547 жыл бұрын
They make me feel like I'm back in the 80's :)
@JerryShugars4 жыл бұрын
I remember watching all of these first run so I just feel old.
@VAX19704 жыл бұрын
You are it's 2020 with hover cars
@QuantumBraced4 жыл бұрын
I feel like the opposite. They must have felt like they were living in the future in the 80s with all of this crazy new groundbreaking technology coming out every year, Moore's Law was flying. These days things haven't changed all that much since the late 2000s.
@AT-dg5wp4 жыл бұрын
Now reading your comment you did 4 years ago. Now I feel as if I live in the future
@yaosio6 жыл бұрын
I remember the multimedia age of CDs in the 90's. Encarta was included with every computer it seemed.
@ewouthonig3713 жыл бұрын
Actually they tried to sell it for a ridiculous high price at first. And when that didn't work and the CD-ROMS were outdated to the max because they had been sitting in warehouses for over a year, they dumped them everywhere you looked.
@oldtwinsna83473 жыл бұрын
True, I recall those flashy multimedia box bundles that had sound cards and cd-rom drives, they made it seem like Microsoft invented multimedia.
@jessihawkins91164 ай бұрын
@@oldtwinsna8347Microsoft did invent multimedia when they came out with windows
@TangFiend16 жыл бұрын
12:05 Caroline is from StarFleet.
@MA-jx6in4 жыл бұрын
I got my first PC was a compaq 286 when I grew up out of the comodore 64..then a 486 33/66 MHz ....these things have come so far
@crowsinthenose4 жыл бұрын
I got an 486/25 and a bit later added the SB16 with 2x CD-ROM and of course 7th Guest. Awesome stuff at the time. The sheer amount of data on a CD was almost unbelievable when floppys was the alternative.
@algomaone1214 жыл бұрын
Who had fun with MYST in the 90’s ?
@michaelpain4 жыл бұрын
The leap from floppy discs to CD ROMS was huge for consumer PCs.
@raven4k9982 жыл бұрын
not really it was inevitable since cd roms had huge capacity and floppys had no capacity in comparison😂😂😂😂🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
@xp89695 ай бұрын
@@raven4k998replied to the wrong comment
@jessihawkins91164 ай бұрын
no
@xp89694 ай бұрын
@@jessihawkins9116 you clearly weren't there cause everyone who lived through knows it was
@jessihawkins91164 ай бұрын
@@xp8969 no it wasn’t that big of a deal. we had Bernoulli disks and stuff 🥱
@timking35879 жыл бұрын
$1599 for a CD-ROM drive did I hear that correct lol
@theedrstrangelove9 жыл бұрын
Tim King yes, incredible huh? i remember buying my first audio cd (brothers in arms by dire straights) in 1985. $16.98 compared to less than $8.00 for the lp. The sony CD player cost me over 900 dollars!
@hanzobi19269 жыл бұрын
Tim King Yep, Burners where expensive at one time too. I remember a SCSI one I bought back in 1997 for £1050 @ 2x write speed
@megabojan19939 жыл бұрын
+Bad Boy You can build a good gaming PC with that kind of money 1050 pounds.
@cardbored_4 жыл бұрын
Yeah, I worked as a teenager at a camp all summer to save up for a CD-ROM, this was around 1997-1998 and I purchased a 6x Creative Labs CD-ROM drive and it was about $400, my entire earnings for working that summer. So yeah, this was even quite a long time after CD-ROMS had been out/available and they were still quite expensive. I also upgraded my 486 dx2/66 from 4MB Ram to 8MB, it cost $200 to upgrade, so ram was $50 for 1MB at the time which is crazy to think you can get like 8GB of ram for that much now.
@yellowblanka60584 жыл бұрын
@@cardbored_ I'm assuming that was a CD Burner, IIRC CD-ROM drives (at least in the US) were not $400 in 97/98, they certainly weren't as commodity priced as they are nowadays, but I don't remember them being THAT expensive at the time.
@fulkthered8 жыл бұрын
Apple and Microsoft were playing catch up with cd's.Gary's os CP/M was using optical media long before the rest.
@0raffie04 жыл бұрын
lolwut
@hulksmash81593 жыл бұрын
@@0raffie0 You heard him.
@wildone106 Жыл бұрын
Im saving up for a CD-Rom player as we speak!
@HockeyVictory664 жыл бұрын
I remember how exciting it was to be able to write to CD’s right from your desktop.
@RWL20124 жыл бұрын
that was about 10 years later at the earliest though
@AltimaNEO3 жыл бұрын
Playstation games never stood a chance
@jessihawkins91164 ай бұрын
@@AltimaNEOI had binders full of PlayStation discs
@SmartK84 жыл бұрын
Host: "1 GB!" *smirks that no one would ever need that* Me: Just downloaded 4 GB in 2 minutes.. just for a graphics demo!
@algomaone1214 жыл бұрын
During the height of the CD ROM era, I didn’t think they would almost go extinct in just about 20 years! Same with DVD’s! No sooner did DVD tech become accessible to everyone, than they were clobbered within 15 years by internet streaming.
@mikemayo48123 жыл бұрын
My dad once told me that we will soon have no need for physical media. Whatever you want to access, they would just transmit it to you. He was spot on.
@staratelrusregion46523 жыл бұрын
Теперь можно контролировать передачу информации.
@looneyburgmusic2 жыл бұрын
@@mikemayo4812 that's not remotely true yet... Before we can transition to a fully "stream" based computerized society there needs to be inexpensive universal high-bandwith Internet access. Currently, there are still large portions of the US where "Broadband" is barely 10mbs...
@mikemayo48122 жыл бұрын
@@looneyburgmusic ...and that'll never happen?
@looneyburgmusic2 жыл бұрын
@@mikemayo4812 there is a very good chance it won't for a very long time
@truthteller46894 жыл бұрын
I remember being amazed that you could search a whole encyclopedia for a single word in less than a second!
@0raffie04 жыл бұрын
1 second? Not if it was on a CD-ROM
@truthteller46894 жыл бұрын
@@0raffie0 Yes, it was probably indexed in some way.
@danielrbsutton Жыл бұрын
@paulpm1974 Yes, I was blown away by being able to watch video on the computer when CD-ROM first came out. CD-ROM multimedia provided enough bandwidth for watchable video, not like the copper phone lines that connected computers to bulletin board systems, information services, and the Internet at the time
@guillermogutierrez710 Жыл бұрын
I see a book and wonder if there is a way to quickly search a word within, and wish to have it digital and just press Ctrl + F.
@AgnostosGnostos4 жыл бұрын
In 1988 hard disk drives were hardly affordable to any computer user. The 650 Mbyte of a CD RM should have been then more than enough for any very demanding wish. My first encounter with CD ROMs was in 1997 with my first computer and a CD recordable SCSI Philips drive. Even in 1997 the 650-700 Mbytes of CD ROMs were more than enough when most hard drives had a capacity between 1-2 gigabyte.
@ewouthonig3713 жыл бұрын
So funny that the nerds from Microsoft suddenly seemed so dumb with their character based bullshit-application "bookshelf" when the lady with the Macintosh showed how it should be done.
@adenowirus3 жыл бұрын
They are two different types of application. The Visual Dictionary is aimed more towards education and Bookshelf is a reference material. In case of the latter you don't need illustrations, but what comes in handy are fast load times, compatibility with text based applications, not needing too much resources (since it was meant to to be run on top of other programs), and several books worth of text crammed into one disc. What was a little silly was the ridiculously high price Microsoft demanded for this thing.
@O10011100101010110 жыл бұрын
They nailed the EA prediction
@TangFiend16 жыл бұрын
Yeah, they kidnapped the Phillips CD-i devs. . thats why it flopped.
@AltimaNEO3 жыл бұрын
"interactive experiences" oh man, I'm in getting 6th gen vibes
@ewouthonig3713 жыл бұрын
Ehm no. CD-i was a major disaster. No wonder, since it was a Philips invention, and Philips has never had a clue how to market things. The nature of the product was all wrong too. Doing interactive stuff on a TV screen while the rest of your family wanted to watch TV? Good luck with that.
@jr2904 Жыл бұрын
@@ewouthonig371 the platform and games were terrible, but people played games that took up a TV have been a thing forever
@jub88916 жыл бұрын
i remember having a 4x cd-rom in the 90's and then for years there were cd-rom wars that gave us things like 52x and maybe higher? it was kind of funny, we'd argue with eachother about whether 2x was better than 3x.
@RWL20124 жыл бұрын
@LloydBonafide1 one of my schools had a few 2003-2004 "white box" PCs with 56x CD-ROM drives in them, and I'm pretty sure 60x and 72x drives were made, but I heard that anything above 36x or so is a pointless increase and mostly just spins the disc faster without any real increase in transfer speed
@AxiomofDiscord2 жыл бұрын
@@RWL2012 I think about 24x I stop noticing the quality of my life increasing. But those single digit speeds were rough.
@NineteenEightyFive Жыл бұрын
The mention of 100 gigs in 1988 is insane!
@larsfladmark24829 ай бұрын
I bought my first PC in 1998, 10 years later and it came with 6.4 GB hard drive. I added a 20 GB and later a third hard drive of 100GB.
@jessihawkins91164 ай бұрын
@@larsfladmark2482how much space do you have on it now?🤔
@larsfladmark24824 ай бұрын
@@jessihawkins9116 512 GB hard drive on my desktop and half that for my laptop.
@larsfladmark24824 ай бұрын
@@jessihawkins9116 I don't have that PC anymore.
@timothystevenhoward2 жыл бұрын
here's an analogy. Imagine having new Xbox Series X launch with a 500TB hard drive. it was that same feeling of "how am I ever going to fill this up?"
@sheriffofhuddersfield3 жыл бұрын
Computers weren't too cool when this show aired! Holy comb overs!!
@wildone106 Жыл бұрын
if it wasnt for the comb overs you wouldnt be on youtube right n ow!
@Vaso-p1f4 ай бұрын
I like watching these shows!
@TopSecretVid2 жыл бұрын
I have an Amiga CD32 with the Full Motion Video module.. very cool!!
@xFlow7774 жыл бұрын
all this for 600 dollars looool, if some1 said something like that today, people would loose their shit
@UnicyclDev4 жыл бұрын
Th GUI on IBM PC’s was still years behind Apple, Xerox Star. It’s amazing how much of a lead some companies.
@ssokolow2 жыл бұрын
As I remember, the Apple computers cost at least two thousand dollars more (in 1980s money) than the IBM offerings, and most people were buying significantly cheaper IBM-compatible clones. As for Xerox's computers, those straddled the boundary between workstations and minicomputers price-wise. (The introductory price for a Xerox Star was $16,595, which is $49,460 in 2021 dollars.) Of course they can be more impressive when they cost so much more.
@unclerubo3 жыл бұрын
Is that durable? *BANGS THE THING INTO THE DESK* absolutely...
@jmtrad19063 жыл бұрын
19:40
@AuroraCityProject10 жыл бұрын
Did she say poison di*ks ? (5:53)
@xDJxGNOMx10 жыл бұрын
haha it really sounds like it but i think she said decks or something like that
@Jeroenske10 жыл бұрын
Yeah it DID sound like that lol
@JaredConnell8 жыл бұрын
hahaha roflmao!
@WhatALoadOfTosca5 жыл бұрын
My wife just said the same thing! "Did she just say... ahem..." lol
@alasyon4 жыл бұрын
Poisondex. But does sound like that too.
@timothystevenhoward2 жыл бұрын
Microsoft Bookshelf was one of those niche products that was such a cool idea.
@it999711 жыл бұрын
Star Trek suit at 12:19 :)
@gochem30135 жыл бұрын
12:19
@TheStevenWhiting11 жыл бұрын
Always have been. Jobs appeared to hate everyone and all competition all his life. Even ripping off Steve Wozniak when Wozniak coded a program for him that Steve sold for a few thousand but told Wozniak he only got a few hundred for it.
@anonUK4 жыл бұрын
He was the Edison of his day. "That's mine, I invented that! And that! And that!" He was basically a c.... onsummate businessman. Or a total w.... ealth creator.
@xp89695 ай бұрын
Always have been? Wdym? WHAT always has been WHAT?
@jags8612 жыл бұрын
All this for under $600!
@adrianhosein76983 жыл бұрын
Lol even back then apple was shady af 🤣🤣🤣🤣👀
@elektronzer380911 ай бұрын
crazy this is 1988....im pretty sure my first experience was 1992....7th guest and Rebel Assault.
@davebrogan79415 ай бұрын
I remember having a 2x cd rom drive in my gateway 2000 486 dx2 66v computer in 1994 and thinking how revolutionary and transformative the tech was! Loved my Microsoft Encarta!
@ian_b4 жыл бұрын
Sadly, Star Trek lady didn't have time to demonstrate transparent aluminium on her Mac.
@2crude2crudeofficialband37 ай бұрын
Lol. Wow. CD-i is the way of the future! 😂 it came out later than when they predicted and Philips sold it as a games console. It had plenty of great interactive applications but most of the games sucked. I used to have one. Video Speedway was awesome and so was the CD-i version of Tetris… but play Laser Lords for five minutes and you’ll understand why it failed miserably. If the VCD playback had been built-in instead of requiring a module, and still sold for the same price, maybe this thing would have gone somewhere.
@ekoheriyanto704 ай бұрын
Back then, i thought the future (wich is 2000 till today), the size of cd rom will be bigger like laserdisc to accomodate the higher capacity.. Never crossed my mind solid state memory is the next technology that replace optical drive...
@captainkeyboard10072 ай бұрын
This show makes me appreciate using the [desktop] microcomputer, but I discovered that the CD technology was bad for me. Lots of improvements will be needed for that digital disc and the drives to work perfectly without failures. I wish that The Computer Chronicles did not come to an end.
@cardbored_4 жыл бұрын
20:38 bruh, yes, that's how storage works... captain obvious
@shmehfleh31152 ай бұрын
It's fun to watch them talk about selling these things to educational markets and regular households. The CD-ROM drives alone cost as much as a new car back then.
@RobCoops2 жыл бұрын
The biggest product Microsoft sells in terms of data, 200MB of data, simpler times.
@larryk731 Жыл бұрын
I just paid $35 for a usb DVD drive to install legacy software on a new pc - times have surely changed
@algomaone1214 жыл бұрын
Holy cow! I didn’t know the term “Hypertext” existed in the late eighties! I only leaned the term in about 1994.
@Moon___man4 жыл бұрын
Thats what blows my mind most about this show. i guess it takes some time for some ideas to mature. most notably blew my mind was a 90s episode on virtual reality and motion tracking.. like damn i guess it took 30 years for the hardware to catch up to the idea
@AltimaNEO3 жыл бұрын
@@Moon___man They were working on vr even as far back as the 80s. But tech was no where near ready back then.
@ssupertutorial6 жыл бұрын
so basicly digilat research had invented the web browser in 1988!!
@Thaleios4 ай бұрын
Oh yeah, test drive. We had this on our family pc in glorious 4 color cgi!
@marcom189811 ай бұрын
My current phone has 256GB of storage!
@ewouthonig3713 жыл бұрын
23:10 - "A stackable mechanism, store more than 100 gigabytes of information..." I want to step into a time machine and show them my DSLR that holds two 256 GB SD-cards. I think they'll have a heart attack when I tell them each image I take is more than 36 MB.
@thomasham1302 жыл бұрын
Lol that would be fun. Pull out a high end gaming rig with either an i9 or ryzen CPU with 32 GB of ram and maybe a 3090 RTX, for ray trace fun. With an NVMe, ssd and and old hhd for mass storage. Maybe a nice 32" 4k monitor. Than while in the middle of explaining it all pull out your smart phone. Would be funny when they ask why does your computer have a glass side and why the lights?
@adenowirus Жыл бұрын
@@thomasham130 I don't think they would be that surprised by the glass side or the lights. Even though most computers at the time were gray boxes, more stylish machines weren't anything new. Just look at Cray and Connection Machine supercomputers.
@jr2904 Жыл бұрын
@@adenowirus yeah, but those are super computers...
@anwerabdallah569 Жыл бұрын
سبحان الله كيف تطور العلم.
@DarkShadowRage11 жыл бұрын
amazing how far computing as come.
@ewouthonig3713 жыл бұрын
Not even so much far, but how *fast* it got there.
@cardbored_4 жыл бұрын
At first I thought the pin on her blue shirt was just a representation of her hair style. 15:47
@jdkingsley6543 Жыл бұрын
Poisondixs? Do they not think about the names
@tomasnokechtesledger17863 жыл бұрын
You couldn't copy the full content of a CD into your computers HD. Too big. A few of My first computer CDs was a Compton's Interactive Encyclopaedia, Forever Growing Garden and The Journeyman Project Turbo, circa 1993.
@wallacelang1374 Жыл бұрын
My first Windows PC was a CD ROM computer system that had a built-in CD ROM disc drive. I had bought it in 1997 so the OS was actually Windows 95 on my system and its back up CD ROMs.
@miles23784 жыл бұрын
When did recordable CDROM's become available for private users?
@Ojisan6424 жыл бұрын
Christopher Bloom the early 90’s but they were expensive, then by the mid 90’s they became affordable.
@anonUK4 жыл бұрын
I remember CD-RWs selling for about £1 a disc in about 2000, which was still above $1.50 before Brexit. They had been out for 3-4 years in quantity- and USB was something you used to attach printers and scanners to PCs. DVD-RWs are still about £1 now (which means their real value is about half of what it was then), however they are basically obsolete and CD-RWs are as dead as the wax cylinder.
@LumocolorARTnr13193 жыл бұрын
In 30 years they might laugh at us buying graphics cards or hard drives or whatever for 600$ in 2020
@jmtrad19063 жыл бұрын
11:35 Biggest Microsoft product... 200mb. In 10 years this will be the size of Windows 98.
@bcgibson223 жыл бұрын
19:39 1GB was available in 1988?
@ADDMEONPSN3 жыл бұрын
4:11 Modern Day RockAuto
@CharlesSneed-c3l Жыл бұрын
We need to go back in time and warn these geeks that Steve Jobs is going to release the iPhone in 20 years and ruin humanity.
@jr2904 Жыл бұрын
Social media and the camera phone existed before then
@TheGreatSatan_4 жыл бұрын
I just came for the music
@Blatstein Жыл бұрын
I seem to recall early CD-ROMs had caddies? I guess that came later?
@xp89695 ай бұрын
Only some of them did
@vicp87722 жыл бұрын
Have some cdrw for sale if interested. Don't forget the audio cable from the back of the CDROM to to sound card
@BigEightiesNewWave4 жыл бұрын
18:41 NICE SPACESHIP BUILDING.
@therealhardrock9 жыл бұрын
13:49 that was a CD-ROM drive back in 1988? That thing is big enough to be the computer
@LavianoTS3866 жыл бұрын
LGR just covered worm drives
@jeremywj4 жыл бұрын
Boy, if there was some form of global system with a dictionary, list of poisons, audio, ... etc ... CDs would be completely unneccessary
@idlehour3 жыл бұрын
This is the first im hearing of this. No way its real too crazy to be true. Also. Does that monitor have a graphic interface or something? This is just an optical illusion .
@BigEightiesNewWave4 жыл бұрын
used to dress up to use a PC
@reeffeeder8 жыл бұрын
best comb over ever
@AltimaNEO3 жыл бұрын
It's so thick
@anwerabdallah5694 жыл бұрын
multimedia kits sound board interface card cd drive and bunch of cds were expensive those days
@HockeyVictory664 жыл бұрын
I feel like I missed out never having a subscription to CD Rom review! Did it last longer than 12 months?
@ricarleite9 жыл бұрын
19:00 one GIGABYTE! Wow... My fucking car can store more data than that.
@akiriki978 жыл бұрын
1GB was pretty huge back then lol
@ewouthonig3713 жыл бұрын
8:09 They really tried hard to look as nerdy as possible, didn't they?
@GP11384 жыл бұрын
7:05 - someone get that cat off that poor woman's head!
@lurkerrekrul11 жыл бұрын
Wouldn't you love to go back in time and take a PS3/Xbox360 with you? They'd probably have heart attacks. "The CD-I is expected to sell tens of millions!" Yeah, try about 1 million! What version of Test Drive is that? None of the screenshots of the various versions look that green. Even the CGA version is purple and light blue, not green.
@krokeman4 жыл бұрын
CGA composite mode. Type in "CGA not as bad as you thought" and look for an excelent video by 8-bit guy.
@Jurgh9094 жыл бұрын
18:33 Sales figures just in. Total 400.000 units sold.
@cristiandobrescu34452 жыл бұрын
5:53 Poisondicks?!
@jdkingsley6543 Жыл бұрын
Lmao
@powerfulaura51663 жыл бұрын
CDi selling tens of millions of units? lol
@johannesdolch8 жыл бұрын
Wow that lady in blue has an amazing voice, i couldn't listen to her for more than 60 seconds without needing a coffee to stay awake. If you asked me about the sound of boredom, that's it.
@ilcool9010 жыл бұрын
Wow, first disc drives were huge
@700gsteak7 жыл бұрын
I think I could mod a rpi3 in that mouse. lol
@kaitoushuntaka7 жыл бұрын
10:08...bookself yourshelf... hahahaha
@Fuzy2K5 жыл бұрын
"Wandering around picking up books off your shelf"
@Chukyka9 жыл бұрын
soo cool new cdrom :) so many interactiv.
@sxpv6 жыл бұрын
Wendy Woods
@jcherrera1043 жыл бұрын
8:57 I didn't know Jonah Hill worked for Microsoft
@StephenKramerstevefunk9 жыл бұрын
although 100gigs was huge back then
@anonUK6 жыл бұрын
Steve Kramer 4 gigs was the limit of the imagination, at least for non-business network developers, up until 2005 or so. Who would ever need more?
@PrzeszczepiX5 жыл бұрын
100 GB back then was like 100 PB (100000 TB) today for us. back in 1988 a 50MB was considered a big amount of space and 1GB was really HUUUGE.
@StephenKramerstevefunk9 жыл бұрын
120k ....you going to quickly use up a lot of capacity....these guys with the optical drives are hilarious....the coke bottle glasses and the quiff on the other guy
@SteveMacSticky3 жыл бұрын
Stuart gets irritating after a while
@IdealIdeas1008 жыл бұрын
And now pcs are starting to not even include them because flash drives are significantly better.
@m9078jk38 жыл бұрын
As long as those flash drives are plugged in and recharged often there won't be any data loss.But for long term storage if you don't plug them in after a long while voila all your data will disappear.I've had it happen myself. At least optical storage will last for a decade or more ( more especially with professionally commercially made media rather than on home burners). If it's archival quality M disc optical media then that storage can store data safely for up to 100 to 1,000 years.
@hakemon7 жыл бұрын
Recharged? NAND memory doesn't work like that. Please go back to learning how NAND flash storage works. This isn't like the SRAM in your Nintendo cartridges.
@louistournas1208 жыл бұрын
DOS based applications are ugly. @13:30, the Mac had the right idea. Too bad their menu is at the top and still is.
@JJJMMM18 жыл бұрын
+louis tournas DOS wasn't a graphical OS and the applications that you're referring to are ascii-character based. Of course they're ugly when compared to a graphical UI, be it Mac or Windows.
@ferrreira6 жыл бұрын
I like the concept of macOS having the menu bar at the top. You can't click more than one menu at a time.
@jericoba6 жыл бұрын
Of course it's somewhat subjective, but the menu bar at the top is a grahpic user inteface success and how well it works shows that it has survived up till this day. It's easy and very smart to keep the important menu in the same place for all applications.
@ninjasiren4 жыл бұрын
DOS is designed as a CLI (Command Line Interface) OS. It is from 86DOS/QDOS from Seattle Computer Corporation (Bill Gates just bought it so they will have an OS for their IBM deal). And 86DOS/QDOS is a crude copy of CP/M (which is a creation by Gary Kildall of Digital Research International and the co-host of Computer Chronicles) The same OS that originally should have been the OS for the IBM PC.