Continent-Sized Rotating Space Habitats

[@admiralsquatbar127]

Today Issac gave his brain a rest, he only thought of creating something that was continent sized, rather than moving the entire Galaxy.

[@antred11]

I actually prefer episodes about smaller structures, because I find things that are remotely possible (given present technology or technology that we may reasonably hope to have in the near future) more interesting than stuff that is so far outside the realm of our technological capabilities it may as well be magic.

[@explosiverpggamer189]

antred11 I like that Isaac talks of what is more possible to us in the near term and also about the hypothetical stuff

[@alpha007org]

Yeah, As a Galaxy Population Minister, our cabinet decided we'll go for continent-size type only. I know, I know, many of you are disappointed but our Galaxy Budget is under revision because we need to weed out corruption our AI detected. Please be patient, on stardate 75/662/5 we'll have an announcement for future plans. Thanks.

[@procrastinator99]

@@alpha007org Lots of people might bad-mouth you guys, but I, for one, am an enormous supporter of our current GPM administration. Keep up the good work, guys!!

[@alexandernorman5337]

A few of those structures were 100X larger than the Earth.

[@Drew_McTygue]

Thanks for setting a modest goal for humanity Isaac! This is the future i hope we'll realize as a species.

[@TheExoplanetsChannel]

Me too

[@ivoryas1696]

Drew McTygue *Presses play at 9:45 Yep... Modest. Honestly, I think _we'll make it though. Maybe even in my lifetime!

[@sirzorg5728]

I love the idea of trees with different canopies having significantly different ecosystems than the forest floor because of a significantly lower gravity. A drum left to just ecosystem could generate a really cool species gradient between the different heights in the jungle.

[@sirzorg5728]

I dub this kind of thing a "babylon can" in honor of the hanging gardens of babylon.

[@barryon8706]

22nd century KZbin: Topopolis is flat!

[@WaterPickle]

😂

[@riolufan2249]

The term "Space Egypt" is the best thing I've heard

[@Spacefrisian]

Imagine an anime having done just that, but instead of using "space" they added "Neo" in front of it (its what G-Gundam did)

[@Bluecho4]

The only thing worse than the evil that is Ancient Egypt (Insert Star Wars Empire theme here) is putting it in space. (Insert Star Wars Empire theme here, but *harder* ) [Atop The Fourth Wall reference]

[@col383]

The Necrons have entered the chat.

[@gamingchamp6728]

Timestamp ples

[@RyRy2057]

@@gamingchamp6728 i dont think he specifically says "Space Egypt" but the topopolis part ~13:00 is what I think theyre referring to

[@Blaze10523]

Your channel is condensed positivity about the future and i love it

[@redberry33]

@Seth Hultkrantz epic

[@ivoryas1696]

Blaze10523 I think it's _realism_ compared to doomer's takes, but same!

[@miaththered]

This was legitimately interesting, and this is more or less the videos I actually come here for. The thing that's great about the O'Neil (or Oberth if one is German) is that we can already build them. It's the economic expense that's unjustifiable in the hellsociety we live in, not technological feasibility.

[@alexandernorman5337]

Yeah, we have around 80-90% of the technical knowledge to do things like this but 0% of the orbital infrastructure.

[@leiffitzsimmonsfrey1272]

@@alexandernorman5337 Gateway Station will bump that up to 1%, so there is that.

[@TS-jm7jm]

@@therealist3495 who OP?; thought the dark haired girl was cute edit, and last i checked "cute" and feminist don't tend to fit together,

[@JFrazer4303]

Economic expense for the first O'Neill "Island One" or the Stanford Torus, was like many large industrial of infrastructure developments down here. Much less than a small oil war. 3-5x the Apollo program (during the same timescale as Apollo, the US spent as much on cosmetics and large States spent more on liquor). About the same cost as building and maintaining maybe 3 of our CVNs and their air wings and escorts and logistics infrastructure to deploy them. The first small habitat for workers finished by '08, with all the launch and in-space infrastructure to reproduce it. The cost is paid for along with the national debt and several years of greatly expanded budget, but shipments of previously rare metals from NEAs. The fist entity that returns even a few kg of loosely sorted metals owns the world's markets in rare and precious and monetary metals and will never have a budget crunch again. IDK what money will be then, but owning large amounts of gold in vaults or oil underground won't be it. And this isn't something for a few centuries from now, but within 20 years of starting the effort.

[@mrladygray]

That moment you build a yarnball-style topopolis and actract space cats.

[@ColdHawk]

Fermi paradox SOLVED!!! Mega Space Cats; the bane of sloppy topopoli [yeah, I am going with that as the plural] all across the observable universe!

[@chexhcatialo3889]

The cats would have to be bigger than Jupiter for that!

[@AKUJIVALDO]

@@chexhcatialo3889 fooking space cats. At least they keep space rats in check...

[@explosiverpggamer189]

This guy is fricking genius I discovered him when I was looking up on black holes and I discovered his”black hole farming”video

[@chexhcatialo3889]

Black hole farming would be cool!

[@herbderbler1585]

That's the same video that brought me to him and it blew my mind wide open. Been coming back for more ever since.

[@jamesdavis9036]

I don't remember exactly what video of his I watched first, but I think it was part of his outbound series. At the very least, those videos are the first ones I remember watching.

[@Leispada]

It was this video for me also that had me click the subscribe button. Come a long way huh

[@michaelsmith2723]

Give a little credit to his parents for the physics knowledge. He was raised on this shit and even helped his parents out in the labs.

[@Drew_McTygue]

In your face, extinction

[@ZacMoroney]

lol

[@Voivode.of.Hirsir]

Can’t wait to get into space!

[@andreproudian7032]

Please don't tempt the universe.

[@hithere5553]

@@andreproudian7032 if the universe is so big, why won’t it fight me?

[@andreproudian7032]

@@hithere5553 well you see given that the universe is inclined to slowly decrease to a lower energy state over time, it lacks the energy to do so. In other words the universe is too lazy to fight.

[@thuderickthe3rd]

I feel this would be an amazing alternative to start to colonizing other planets like Venus, to have a structure orbiting it.

[@RandomYT05_01]

So we get these structures in orbit, a few satilites for communication, and a surface mining base, this will make interstellar colonization a reality.

[@geekgeekrickson260]

Alternatively, floating continents could be constructed on Venus around 50km above the ground.

[@antred11]

Ooh, awesome! Your videos about space-habitats are my absolute favorites! IMO that's where our future should be, not in terraforming other planets.

[@briansmithbeta]

OMG I did’t think the Bobiverse was still going! I’m excited for a fourth installment, doubly so knowing you collaborated on it!

[@gino7lord]

Your videos on space habitats are always my favourite, they seem so much more exciting than terraforming planets.

[@antred11]

Agreed. Space habitats (at least a few initial, more moderately sized prototypes) are something that, if humanity were to throw its weight behind the project, we could reasonably hope to complete in a lifetime or two; whereas even the most modest terraforming project would take many centuries at the least and require a far greater amount of resources than we can muster at this time.

[@adamlytle2615]

We'll need to build rotating habitats to even get started doing anything in space, including terraforming. After a a certain amount of time, I can't help but think our habitats will get so good that people will question why we're bothering to terraform.

[@geekinutopia5899]

In many ways, building spacestead habitats would be better than trying to terraform a planet or moon.

[@dgd947a15fl]

@@adamlytle2615 Well, the amount of material and time you'd need to build enough space stations to house as many people as a terraformed Mars could, would be quite a lot. Once Mars is done terraforming, you'd have far more living room than if you spent the same amount of time building lots of spin stations.

[@adamlytle2615]

@@dgd947a15fl Well, that's questionable. Mars has 145 million km² of surface area. That's approximately 11 Mckendree cylinders, assuming radius of 460km and length of 4600km for each of them. That would represent a lot less mass than mars itself. As to how long it would take to mine said material from the asteroid belt and various moons, I don't know. But very possibly less time than required for the terraforming of mars.

[@mr.wookiesack]

Isaac for president. No 2 party system for Isaac. The important things will be if your pro dolphin uplift, and how much money to invest in lagrange point megahabitat. I wish society was run by Sfia fans!

[@andrewbenner6349]

This is d20 future campaign gold. Thank you.

[@madhijz6846]

You might like the website: orionsarm It's pretty much wikipedia from the year 12,000 and Isaac crated some of the articles there too.

[@frecklenuts9088]

5 years and still interesting information. Really appreciate the content. Thank you.

[@Niskirin]

Hmm, in this and some of the recent episodes I've had a bit of difficulty keeping up with scales and math when you read them out fast like that. Either slowing down when math comes up or using visuals (as in, show the math written out) would help quite a bit. In addition, since things of huge scales comes up so often on this channel, maybe have some kind of a custom visual that lets me see at a glance the rough ballpark of "hugeness" we're at in any given moment. Like, say, a scale at the top of the video that has an arrow pointing at "we're here now" and some additional points of interest around it to give a sense of scale for these somewhat mindbendingly huge structures. The same would work wonders on the other end of things too, it's kind of hard to get a good feel for how tiny things like nanomachines and exotic materials' structures can get.

[@RemcoHeerdink]

I agree, as a tip for the future; I usually have subtitles on for these type of episodes so I can read along and quickly reference the text if I missed a huge number. Its also very helpful that the subtitles are of very good quality.

[@ColdHawk]

Great ideas!

[@virutech32]

scale is a wierd problem in the sciences. once u get much larger than a small mountain(or the upper edge of microscopic on the small end of things)any intuitive sense of scale is pretty much lost. the human brain just isn't designed for these scales and anything outside the human scale becomes just a number

[@livedandletdie]

If you want to know how ridiculous it is to think of scales in these circumstances, here's the volume comparison of the sun in liters and an average human in liters. 1,409,272,569,059,860,000,000,000,000,000 liters is the rough volume of the sun, and the average volume of a human, is 62 liters. Let's rewrite that, a little bit, A human is 6.2×10^2 liters. The sun however is 1.4×10^31 liters. This is like comparing a human to the size of an atom, after all a Hydrogen atom has a volume of 6.2×10^-28 liters. So literally comparing a Human to the sun is like comparing an atom to a human. Do you even understand how ridiculous it is to even trying to picture things on these scales now?

[@Chainedbrit]

lol i have discalculus (number dislexia) so you can imagine the problems i have but if i see it visually it really helps me understand it much better

[@katie-ampersand]

I straight up read "continent sized space inhabitants"

[@ts25679]

We can have those too

[@michaelmoses8745]

That's what genetic engineering is for. That might be its own episode. :)

[@oiocha5706]

Arthur, have you ever heard of "solid light?" Can you make a video about it?

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

possibly, it's an interesting idea

[@musafawundu6718]

Solid light... Like the hard light in Halo, huh? That would be awesome...

[@AurumFaber]

@@musafawundu6718 Everything is a Halo reference.

[@wilmagregg3131]

@@musafawundu6718 and its not just a theory it was actually created in real life in 2016 were they managed to get photons to start behaving as if they were atoms creating actual solid light of course only one single atom of it

[@musafawundu6718]

@@wilmagregg3131 Yes. I have since my comment learned of that... There are so many other states of matter beyond solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. That is one of them...

[@TitansTracks]

Just wanna say; Listening to Issac on my studio monitors, chilling in bed with my PSVR helmet, and sculpting abstract landscapes in that Dreams game with motion controllers has never been more relaxing. We literally live in the future! 💎

[@ColdHawk]

Sometimes the only thing that reminds me a week has gone by is a new video from Isaac Arthur and company. Lockdown has been so strange! Thanks for the steady supply of optimism during these dark days.

[@linz8291]

How about to design your space habits projects(i.e. ships, settlements, interstellar gates and portals, etc), that's would be easier to get through some darkness.

[@TheExoplanetsChannel]

The first word of the title already *_blowed my mind_*

[@kindlin]

It got dun blowed it

[@zerofox7347]

@@kindlin what does that sentence mean? (No offense intended).

[@ExirahxEximiris]

Happiness finds me again this Thursday.

[@r-gart]

Arthursday

[@Julian.Staggs]

Arthuwsday

[@musafawundu6718]

I have been eaglery waiting years for a highly detailed episode on very large space habitats since Isaac Arthur first mentioned about very large rotating space habitats such as Bishop Rings and McKendree Cylinders over three years ago...

[@jimmygravitt1048]

It seems he did one right around the time you left this comment: kzbin.info/www/bejne/qqLWYpyHoduJY8k

[@mikelfunderburk5912]

Just got home and there's an SFIA video! Yeah. Imma chill and watch. Thanks to all involved!

[@johnburt7935]

When Isaac tries for the *_Guiness Book of World Records,_* he's competing in the category of record sizes of worlds.

[@AppNasty]

Best thing about Isaac’s videos is when I finish my meal and expect the video is likely over, I click and see it’s only halfway done. Yay!

[@petersmythe6462]

"We can't artificially generate normal gravity under known science." Sure we can. Build a black hole and stand on a structure built around it. It's hilariously mass inefficient, as, for example, to generate 1 G on a habitat 1/1000th the scale of Earth, you need a black hole a millionth the mass of the Earth. Which means it has a mass efficiency that's equal to Earth's.

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

:) Peter, we have whole episodes on that idea and even discussed it in this episode, we're talking about stuff like gravity in spaceships or habs without mass or rotation there

[@schvanger]

"Sure we can. Build a black hole and stand on a structure built around it." lolol... get back to me when you get that working brah.

[@SocksWithSandals]

At least garbage and nuclear waste wouldn't be a problem. Just make sure you drop it straight down as you wouldn't want an accretion disc blasting out X-rays for decades!

[@pilotavery]

@@SocksWithSandals a black hole of that size would only have a event horizon of a few millimeters. Accretion disk won't be an issue because if you drop matter spinning the other direction it will only released as much energy as it had initially with potential energy until it falls into the black hole. If you drop two things an opposite spins the disks will collide with each other

[@Low_commotion]

@@schvanger There's actually an episode on black hole civilizations here if you're interested.

[@bloodaid]

I once started a project called AROL ONE - Amazing Ring Of Life If I remember it correctly, the best diameter for the ring would be about 10 km, because you'd get way less revolutions per minutes for the same amount gravity achieved. I think I also calculated that the cost to build such ring would cost a few trillions of dollars and could generate revenue of a few hundreds of billions a month from tourism, agreculture and asteroid mining. Very interesting, and I never posted it anywhere. Maybe I should, just to "plant the seed" and see if anyone contributes to the calculations.

[@explosiverpggamer189]

Sounds lit

[@xermasboo5401]

I remember reading something like that though it was 12 miles in diameter, .9 miles in height, and having a 300 foot thickness for its rind layer though it was meant to be set near the asteroid belt and the Orts Cloud as well.

[@bloodaid]

​@@xermasboo5401 I think I had aproximately the same thickness calculation. Also, the only way to properly build it would be using huge 3D printers that use mined metal from asteroids that are melted with direct sun light, and the prints should be chicken-wire-like. And finally, different types of 3D printed patterns are used depending on where the structural integrity is needed.

[@bloodaid]

@@xermasboo5401 you could just focus the light on a relativelt small point on the metal anf melt it. No need to complicate stuff.

[@xermasboo5401]

@@bloodaid Its getting out that far away with a good intensity because we talking about something around 400,000,000-760,000,000 miles away from the sun, and to have it to at least 2 points to at most 60-100 points within the general area range. What I said was actually far more simple than what it would actually entail.

[@Lyze]

The thing I've always had a hard time visualizing and can't find anything to simulate it is, say you have a 10 mile diameter habitat. Inside you put a giant LED covered cylinder a half mile or so up to display clouds. When you're looking towards spin or anti spin, what does the horizon look like? Would the horizon just be a flat line where the 'sky' meets the seemingly upward sloping ground? Can you make a convincing illusion of a natural horizon by scattering hills to break up that line? How big a diameter habitat would it take to hide the illusion of the ground sloping up? The only way I can think of to make it look natural is to divide the surface area into a bunch of low mountain ringed regions so that it looks like you're living in a series of mountain valleys.

[@destrobatman5640]

y should it be a copy of earth.where we cant tell the difference.

[@margaretcranford5077]

I would imagine that trees on one of these would grow much larger than the ones on earth would be interesting to see.

[@iwiffitthitotonacc4673]

Might actually lessen the weight load as well, as then the cylinder don't have to bear the weight of the whole tree. Or maybe I'm misunderstanding the physics.

[@thebaccathatchews]

Drink and Snack Crew Assemble!

[@OwnerOfOwn]

Yes, please

[@grumpyaustralian6631]

I want space Australia to exist so badly.

[@SlyRoapa]

Preferably without the space tarantula hawk wasps.

[@jledragon]

I think Jeice from DBZ Abridged is from there

[@CosmicFisherman]

I want a space colony to collide with Australia

[@sirzorg5728]

Oi space Auz, that's me home planet! "you're from australia?" Space Australia, specifically space Brisbane. Go Space Broncos! "So it's like Australia, but in.." But in SPACE! Careful though, space dingoes'll eat your space baby, like my sister, poor sheila.

[@talos_the_automaton2329]

I would like a space New Zealand so that we can have laser kiwis.

[@m.campbell3405]

Continent size? Where did this small scale thinking come from?!

[@virutech32]

right most of that stuff not even large enough to collapse n circularize from its own gravity. may as well be talkin bout a trailer home:)

[@AugustusBohn0]

gotta nail your intermediate goals before you get to the stretch goals

[@worldgate989]

"... unless your unobtanium building material..." -- hahahaha that caught me off guard, tears in my eyes from that.

[@dsdy1205]

I'm Commander Shepard, and this is my favourite video about the Citadel!

[@patheirbrown4158]

I love O'Neill cylinders because there feasible/ realistic and provide gravity while given a real sci-fi experience there my favorite mega structure gundam origin anime depicted them at there best .

[@musafawundu6718]

They are too small for me. I prefer Bishop Rings and McKendree cylinders.

[@hyrumhanson3390]

I first learned of the Bob series of books on this channel. 3 books later I am so hyped to learn of another installment

[@firstcynic92]

A 4th Bobiverse book? Thanks for the info!

[@magnemoe1]

Having an central structure is nice for zero g manufacturing and low gravity fun. Also larger ships needs to dock here. If you builds something like an Banks orbitals mach 9 is hardly an speed you care much about in space, yes it can be marginal benefit for raw materials. I guess you would have some layers below ground and probably inside hills for farming and industry. The below ground layers doubles as armor and you can use it to increase the structural rigidity with cross bracing down there.

[@suthinscientist9801]

The factory farms could be underground, with some gardens and parks above ground. The housing would be above ground and in many cities on the same spacestead in the case of the continent sized ones mentioned in the video.

[@chexhcatialo3889]

Not to mention, you could have many countries within such a large habitat!

[@geekinutopia5899]

Also, if the beams are thick enough, additional rooms and corridors could be placed inside them

[@suthinanahkist2521]

@@chexhcatialo3889 A few libertarian countries? Yes please!

[@AleksandrPodyachev]

Build the Space Habitat! Make Earth Great Again!

[@zhondortoth8699]

Some time I want off this rock 😕

[@antred11]

@@General12th I agree; it's a goal worth pursuing. Even if only a portion of humanity will move to live in space habitats it will be a vital first step; getting a foot in the door so to speak. It will create the necessary infrastructure to help humanity explore and colonize other parts of the solar system and maybe even nearby star systems.

[@RovingTroll]

@@General12th I thought his plan was to create a utopia for the ultrarich, and just leave the rest of us peasants on this polluted hellscape.

[@DonCDXX]

@@RovingTroll Serving the ultra rich is the goal of every other billionaire investing in space. Bezos is the only one with a good goal for space.

[@alexandernorman5337]

Make the Galaxy Great Again

[@Stand_By_For_Mind_Control]

This is one of the more specific titles :)

[@notapplicable7292]

I am really glad to find out that Isaac consulted on the bobiverse!

[@adamtaurus5380]

I love how blunt the video title is. Most episodes have a title that references some obscure concept, but this one just outright states it's about enormous spinning space buildings.

[@procrastinator99]

This is definitely one of the most direct, anti-clickbait channels out there.

[@musafawundu6718]

Absolutely loved it...

[@kevincrady2831]

@@procrastinator99 Who needs clickbait when you're talking about things like "Continent-Sized Rotating Habitats" or "Let's Dismantle the Solar System!"? :)

[@geekinutopia5899]

Can't get any more direct than that!

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

I would have shrunk the title a bit but I couldn't think of any genuinely descriptive but shorter titles :)

[@sizanogreen9900]

Even more hyped for bobiverse 4 now... didn't think that was even possible...

[@JFrazer4303]

The '70s NASA Ames / Stanford space settlement studies found that the largest 1G, shielded, pressure vessel we could build with then-known technologies was ~30km diameter. A torus is one thing, a drum or "Kalpana" shape is another. Maybe not continent sized, but province or large island sized. When you mention O'Neil habitats, everyone defaults to looking at the "Island 3" giant cylinders. These were purely theoretical examinations of what we could do, and O'Neill wrote that they're probably as far off from the reality of ~80 years after the first habitat, as "futurists" of 1900ad were accurate about 2000ad. The first generation "Island One" or Stanford Torus was done with no new inventions needed, within 30 years from start, for cost like any other large infrastructure or industrial developments down here. Yes, you could use active means to stabilize the inherently unstable long cylinder of an Island 3: The Space Shuttle is one glaring example of how short-sighted it is to rely on complexity to overcome severe inherent flaws in a design. For stability you want a massive spinning mass around the rim. This could be layers of underground decks of space. Your mountains don't need to be aerogel, but rock and steel and inhabited, and counterbalanced around the habitat. 3 mountains perhaps staggered around the middle of the length of a tube, could be the massive stable spinning rim it lacks. Attaching a second counter-rotating cylinder habitat is for pointing: to eliminate gyroscopic forces that make pointing difficult. It's a clumsy brute-force way to counter the axial instability suffered by any long structure that will want to tumble end over end. Giving it a massive stable spinning rim or separation of multiple heavy masses about the rim, eliminates the tendency to always want to wobble more. A river in a Stanford Torus could go from high ground all the way around to low ground and a lake, and pumped back up to go around again. In a long cylinder it could go from a mountain range around the middle, to either end. As for the cosmic spaghetti, How flexible are tubes of rock and steel many kilometers across going to be, spinning around themselves like twisting a hula hoop? I've never understood how people can talk about extending the cylinder habitat and looping it around, still spinning. Are habitats of graphene going to stretch and flow like taffy as it lengthens and around the outside of the tube and compresses going around the inside?s

[@abcefg1347]

Happy Arthursday, everyone! Looking forward to this one.

[@musafawundu6718]

Honestly, along with Mega Cities and a Trillion People on Earth, this is my favourite SFIA video. I prefer continent sized rotating habitats such as McKendree Cylinders and Bishop Rings to O'Neill Cylinders, though a very large number of O'Neil Cylinders connect to form a Rung World with surface areas of space that are continent sized or greater is OK with me.

[@Ian_sothejokeworks]

I've been listening to the 'Heaven's River' Audiobook that I got through your Audible sponsorship promo. I'm a big fan of Dennis E. Taylor's 'Bob-iverse', as well as 'Singularity Trap' and several others! Thanks for bringing his work to my attention, back in 'Self-replicating Starships', I believe. 😊

[@edpistemic]

Continent-Sized Rotating Space Habitats? I'll take two.

[@alexandernorman5337]

Hell yeah! Summer home and winter home.

[@altha-rf1et]

put Liberals in one Conservatives in the others with no way of going back and fourth

[@michaelmoses8745]

At least they won't shake apart due to internal resonance issues.

[@suthinscientist9801]

And an ocean or two for good measure!

[@geekinutopia5899]

And quite a few islands to boot!

[@fredlooper3686]

Every Thursday I tune in, always. It makes for a great break from work while working from home.

[@Kizron_Kizronson]

Something I have been wondering ever since I watched the first video about this sort of structure. How would convection and heat distribution work in a closed cylinder habitat. On a planet as you increase altitude the volume of available space increases (as the diameter increases) and as you go higher you get closer to the "heat sink" of the atmosphere radiating into space cooling the top of the convection cell and encouraging cooler air to sink. On a ring habitat the volume would decrease significantly with altitude, meaning convection may not function in the same way as there is nowhere for warmer air to rise into. The other problem would be if you were using a central heat/light tube at the axis; The rising air would be getting closer to the heat source in a closed habitat. Further complicated, because now you have all the hottest air trapped furthest away from your heatsink (the outer shell) Thus have restricted ability to cool the "top" of the convection cell.

[@jamesh8862]

www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/comments/cschsi/removing_waste_heat_from_an_oneill_cylinder/

[@SangoProductions213]

Hey. Isaac.When you discuss equations, it is nice if you just edit in some text that shows the equation as you discuss it.

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

probably, I used to but there's a horrible tendency when I do that to get a bit distracted and have a typo in them that no one catches, and I tend to cringe when one makes it to air with an extra zero or such. Probably not a good reason not to have them on there though :)

[@kindlin]

@@isaacarthurSFIA Do it! Also, another suggestion from these comments was to add in an in-depth logarithmic scale that goes from nanomachines and atoms to galaxies and super voids, so when you start discussing huge habitats you can zoom in to that part of the scale as a visual aid for what we're talking about. If an error ever makes it though, you can just add a little annotation or pin a comment (I guess YT removed annotations for some reason).

[@carlos-dn7gv]

Your channel is incredible, I have learned a lot. I watch it almost every night. Even repeating videos. Thanks.

[@Rico-oz4ct]

When you first saw continent-sized rotating space habitats, were you blinded by their majesty?

[@jacobthome5913]

Has anybody worked through how the weather or climate would work in space habitats like O'Neill cylinders, or the types shown in your videos. I am very interested in this.

[@virutech32]

i think he mentions it in his Rotating Space Habitats episode

[@BertSingels]

The Bobiverse books are soooooooo good. Can't wait until Heavens river comes out. I would recommend them to all here.

[@glasseyemarduke3746]

agree the BOBverse books are amazing ^^ all hail the BOB!

[@charadremur333]

I can't wait for the audiobook!

[@BertSingels]

@@charadremur333 Scheduled release: In 74 days, 24-09-20

[@JoelDowdell]

Isaac Arthur says that he's not good at naming structures in this episode. Meanwhile I'm thinking of the far future in terms of fusion candles, birch planets, and quasar drives.

[@PaliSvapna]

Liked the bobavers sneak peek glade you are having input love the books

[@noneurbisness6521]

The wold records on literally artifical worlds would be entertaining to see.

[@BuckeyeStormsProductions]

Could you imagine living in one of these structures after a collapse of society, and loss of knowledge? Imagine scientists saying, "we live in a giant spinning cylinder, and our sun is nothing more than a fusion reactor a few kilometers over our head." Would globe-Earthers develop, and argue that no, you lived on a globe orbiting a star?

[@massimookissed1023]

Well, like flattards, they'd have to be utterly incompetent at geometry to mistake the inside of a cylinder for the outside of a sphere. ;)

[@sirgog]

oh god Isaac, another video that's posted just after midnight on a worknight... didn't need that sleep anyway

[@rlsingle00]

I have been watching for about five years ago. Every video is very educational and always gives me something to think about. Please never stop.

[@gerwheelz3154]

Subscribed to isaac way back. watching this channel grow just shows how good the content is . I look forward to watching thursday vids 👌

[@cannonfodder4376]

To think this is all possible with technology we have, only to have us all still squabbling over silly stuff. Yet another fantastic video Isaac and team.

[@colonelgraff9198]

Thanks again for the high-quality content!

[@MartinCHorowitz]

The designs that require active support will be maintenance nightmares.

[@mohamedb737]

what will happen if they're not maintained? can the outer ring cause the inner one to collapse or the inner ring the outer one to fly off? I mean if that's even a remote concern, these things will be hazardous to the point that no human will be allowed to go near them..

[@lordilluminati5836]

@@mohamedb737 the inner ring would likely break apart and collide with the outer ring, a collision the outer ring might not survive. the entire habitat would then break into pieces that would fly off into space at various trajectories in the solar system.

[@explosiverpggamer189]

Mohamed B sounds like a good sci-fi movie like the same movie that was about the Earthquake what was it name?

[@Etheoma]

Eh I think you guys are overselling the difficulty of maintaining and the risk when the size you would make a ring world is so large that you would have a 100 planets worth of living area with a single ring, so you are going to have a lot of people to do maintenance, and the ring it's self can store energy so it's not like you can cut power off from it for even 100 years and it would break, also considering how massive the outer ring is you will have plenty of hot spare magnets or whatever you are using to support the inner ring. - Also back to maintenance you are likely to have very good self automation by the time you are building this kind of structure, furthermore it's not like you would make the magnets not durable, you would build them out of thick ass super conductors, and as said you would have backups. Also you only have to be super careful about stuff hitting the inner ring, the outer ring would be going at regular orbital speed, and would be armoured enough though the sheer mass you would need for the out ring anyway. we are talking ~500 miles of graphene or whatever you want to make the outer ring out of, you can basically let anything hit that outer ring and it would only be annoying because you would have to fix it. - And if you are supporting the inner ring with magnets as long as the magnets keep working it's not going to touch the outer ring. The inner ring is an issue though as if something hits it you are moving that outer ring at an applicable percentage the speed of light, but if again if you are building something this big you have almost certainly mined every asteroid and tore apart every planet, then used fision reactors and a particle accelerator to fuse hydrogen from the sun to transmutate into your building materiel. - So apart from interstellar object, you are going to have control over everything else and again if you are building a structure of this size, you can build some pretty big freking lazors to redirect or just straight up vaporise any interstellar objects are on a trajectory that would bring it into contact with the inner ring.

[@pilotavery]

It can be passive failsafe with standard materials under tension and then active as an extra safety margin, although if we have the technology to felt something like this I'm sure we can make an active safety system that we can take one offline at a time and have redundant systems for maintenance.

[@JoelVanboening]

The background music brings back Master of Orion 2 memories.

[@AllYourMemeAreBelongToUs]

22:03 “It is dubious if we’d ever be able to make a full size Bishop ring or McKendree cylinder...” Aww man.

[@thomaseubank1503]

Here is a project to get started on: A topopolis world that is two AU in diameter, goes around the center of the galaxy and has stars inside of it for the day/night cycle.

[@uss_04]

TBH, I always love seeing artwork about content sized megastructures. Makes me hope we see them in Homeworld 3

[@nithsmite]

It's funny the way I found out about Isaac Arthur a couple of years ago.. was by searching generation ships...🙂

[@Jameson1776]

I was searching for the Fermi paradox about 4 or 5 years ago

[@Jameson1776]

Became one of the first channels I subbed to and the only one I donate to.

[@musafawundu6718]

I did so by in around 2017 by searching Alcubierre Drives...

[@dirklangohr]

Generation ships... sweet and tiny xD To be honest I don't know how I ended up here. I think someone mentioned him in the comment section from another channel...

[@ryansshhh8556]

@@Jameson1776 I, also, was searching the same. Also, Dyson Sphere.

[@muffintrooper6662]

Would having a Bishop Ring placed inside of an celestial body, such as Ceres or an equivalent, have any negative effects? I know that the gravity of the celestial body would have an effect on how the ring inside of it spins, but I’m unsure on how it would affect the efficiency and energy costs of said structure. I also know that it would be a hassle to dig out and support a space large enough to house a ring when you could just build one the same size in the vacuum of space where constructions costs would be down due to not needed to partially hollow out a planetoid. I, however, feel that placing an Bishop Ring inside of a planetoid would be a good defense mechanism from other humans, or natural disasters, as even the closest part from the celestial bodies surface crust to the ring would be hundreds or dozens of miles, helping to keep people and the vacuum of space out and air in. If the ring was covered In farms, or if other farming habitats where inside of the planetoid, and you had adequate supplies of fusion mass, commodities, and other resources, then you could hold out almost indefinitely unless your enemy decided to destroy the whole celestial body. For a nation in a post scarcity galaxy, not a post discontent galaxy, with limited resources(Post scarcity speaking) and only a few minor holdings and assets, such as mass industrial complexes, shipyards, and asteroid belts, would find a defensible home an asset? I would love to know your thoughts.

[@graingerx6507]

Thank you for sparking my creativity in space

[@itsmeagain7246]

You can't make enough videos about rotating space habitats...

[@tariqahmad1371]

That would be a massive generation ship

[@kevincrady2831]

Suggestion for a future episode: *Docking.* Yes, it's a mundane topic, but having watched the Crew Dragon dock with the ISS a while back, I couldn't help but notice that it took them 3 hours to open the door, and this after the need to have the Dragon creep up on the station at a very slow relative velocity for safety reasons. Apollo-Soyuz also had this 3 hour wait time, in order to equalize pressure between the ships. This would become a huge pain in the rear if you've got actual space traffic, dozens of ships lining up to dock at a given port. Which in turn becomes an obstacle to increasing expansion into space to the point that it becomes daily life for ordinary people. So it seems to me we would have to develop technology for quick, routine docking and departure of spacecraft long before we can get to building the giant space settlements. Any tricks up the Arthurian sleeve?

[@virutech32]

think one of the main reasons ship docking takes so long these days is for safety cuz ships are made paper-thin to save on weight. if uv got significant space industry u can afford to make hulls way thicker & docking areas especially robust. then u can get a little sloppy n rough with ur docking;)

[@kevincrady2831]

@@virutech32 Unfortunately, we're not even started on the process toward being able to manufacture spaceships and stations in space with space resources, and build them like battleships instead of soda cans with rockets attached. :( Until then, it would be helpful if we could develop docking methods that would make it practical to run a space hotel or research station where we can begin to work on building that infrastructure.

[@wbwarren57]

Nice video! I don’t understand the drive to colonize Mars especially considering the gravity considerations and their affect on human health, when it seems to me the building large structures in space would be so much better in terms of the quality of the habitat and probably not necessarily as difficult as colonizing mars. Certainly, it would be much easier to “terraform“ a large habitat in space then it would ever be to terraform mars.

[@Meatfractals]

I love these episodes

[@clintcarpentier2424]

"Defining a continent: The dominating land mass of a major tectonic plate. North America is a continent, but Greenland is an island on the North American tectonic plate. Arabia is not a major tectonic plate, but Australia is. And the Pacific plate has no major landmass." Clint Carpentier.

[@96ace96]

It's not quite that easy. kzbin.info/www/bejne/aaallKRnrZyDaZY

[@ZacMoroney]

aren't the Hawaii islands in the middle of the pacific?

[@clintcarpentier2424]

@@ZacMoroney I'm going to pretend I didn't read that.

[@jimsonbonilla8233]

Europe says no.

[@clintcarpentier2424]

@@jimsonbonilla8233 Does it now.

[@ericdicker9862]

These videos are why I look forward to Thursdays

[@Retic_01]

Love Denis E Taylors work!

[@thumper8684]

I was happy with giant space gantries. I was impressed you gave us interstellar lasers. This is BIG.

[@averageenclaveenjoyer7659]

Isaac please do another outward bonds episode about colonizing Europa!

[@nekomakhea9440]

Bobiverse #4 is out? That's awesome!

[@BertSingels]

September, first on Audible, Then later the regular book.

[@teflon8886]

Great videos with fantastic content. Thanks Isaac

[@quantum_chezburger2279]

This video is looking great!

[@quantum_chezburger2279]

@@aruspice thank you.

[@davidmurphy563]

13:00 The late great Iain M Banks did it in his book Matter. Except his was for a water world species so entirely flooded.

[@BobfromSydney]

I also thought of the Morthanveld Nestworlds from Bank's novel too. It is pretty amazing how visionary some Sci-fi authers can be.

[@davidmurphy563]

@@BobfromSydney Couldn't agree more. Banks' passing was such a loss to science fiction.

[@jw6948]

Love this guys voice! Sounds like Louisiana!

[@Blaxjax21]

Would it be easier to use a form of ice to make the outer hull?

[@bryton909]

Wait what?!? My favorite KZbinr helped make my favorite book??? I’m beyond mind blown right now … just wow 🙏🏽

[@tomthistlethwaite2771]

Issac you truly are an inspiration (you are by far and away my fave youtuber) you attempt to answer the largest of questions an the grandest of scales. But you still haven't attempted to answer the biggest questions:- i.e. What's the point? What are we doing? Do we know what we are doing? Whats the endgame? How do we unite and all together dance towards this endgame? I suppose that the simple answer is love - but we have kind of known that forever and it has still not united us???? So right here, right now..................... (and this is where I reach my limit ) would really love to hear your take on this, for the love :) x

[@zhondortoth8699]

Every time this comes up all I can think of is a cluster of habitat cans on a central Control and utility shaft dragging the reactor looking like a stick-bomb.

[@AkhierDragonheart]

Ooooh, the next Bobiverse novel is coming soon? Good stuff that

[@thomasjenkins5727]

I need to watch more of these megastructure videos. The potential fantasy settings on them is awesome. The mythology that would arise... and the wonder and mystery that a reader or player would go through as they tried to figure out how the way the world was described could make any sense... it's awesome. Who needs flat planar worlds when you can have a Ball Topopolis made by the gods?

[@ScerythLabs]

Listen, I know you posted this 2 years ago, but I'm currently writing a fantasy novel set on a Banks Orbital!

[@leeterthanyou]

29:14 subtitles unclear, Brian is now trapped in a jar.

[@andrewunderlich687]

What Bobiverse 4 is coming? I need more details! when?

[@markmclain2085]

dennisetaylor.org/status-of-things/

[@BertSingels]

Scheduled release: In 74 days, 24-09-20 on Audible

[@sakelaine2953]

Helical Stellar Topopolis? No sir, that's a slinkopolis. It looks just like a big old strung out slinky.