Control Engineering Orientation Tuesday (4-4) PUP

Control Engineering Orientation Tuesday (4-4) PUP

[@llanerajafetbadajos365]

Llanera, Jafet B. BSME 4-3 Three things I’ve learned: 1.) Two types of Control Systems: Control systems can be either open or closed loop. Open-loop systems do not provide feedback, making it difficult to adjust or monitor output. Closed-loop systems, such as thermostats, use feedback to compare actual output to the target and make adjustments for greater accuracy. 2.) Feedback in Engineering System: Feedback ensures that the system maintains its intended performance by detecting and correcting errors. For example, in an air-conditioning system, feedback aids temperature regulation by detecting deviations from the desired setting. 3.) Stability in Control Systems: System stability can be assessed using a variety of input types, including impulse, step, ramp, and sinusoidal. Each input type contributes to a better understanding of how the system responds over time, which is critical for keeping it balanced.

[@delossantosjosephpaulq.6026]

Delos Santos, Joseph Paul Q. BSME 4-1 Upon watching the video, here are the 3 things I’ve learned: - A control system has something called “feedback.” This basically measures the output and sends information back to adjust the input, helping the system achieve the desired output. There are two main types: open-loop control systems, which don’t have any feedback or corrective measures, and closed-loop systems, which use feedback to make adjustments. - An essential part of any feedback system is “error,” which is the difference between what you want (the target input) and what you get (the actual output). To get the output under control, the system needs to use this error information to fix any gaps or deviations. The smaller the deviation, the smaller the error, and a smaller error means we’re getting closer to stability. A stable system means the output stays consistent with the input reference. - In control systems, transfer functions represent the “gain.” This is simply the ratio of the controlled output to the reference input.

[@emmanueldelacruz9620]

Dela Cruz, Emmanuel T. BSME 4-1 these are three points that i have learned from the lecture: 1. Control is simply an interconnection of specific components making sure that a part of a system stays at a certain desired value or behaves in a specific way. There are two types of control system, open-loop and close-loop 2. It is an open-loop is when the system works without checking if the desired result is achieved. It just follows the instructions given, like a washing machine that runs for a set time without checking how clean the clothes are. 3. It is a close-loop system when the system continuously monitors the output and adjusts itself to make sure the desired result is achieved. It's like a thermostat that adjusts heating by checking the room temperature and turning the heater on or off to keep the temperature at the set level.

[@reyesadrianvillanueva4556]

Reyes, Adrian V. BSME 4-3 Things that I've learned: -Two types of control system where open-loop controls the process directly without using the feedback. However, closed-loop using measurement and feedback to achieve the desired output. -Feedback is a system/mechanism to measure the output, when the output is measured the information will be return through sensors to obtain the desired output. Where sensors is the device to make measurement. -In Feedback the most important is "error" which is the difference between actual value and desired value. -Error = Actual Value - Desired Value. -Frequency = repetitive cycle/sec - Hz -Stability = consistent and less error -Stability can be evaluated using different input types, such as impulse, step, ramp and sinusoidal inputs.

[@perezharoldv.3333]

Perez, Harold V. BSME 4-1 Things that I have learned in this lecture: -Stability is a key goal in control engineering. A stable system consistently produces a desired output with minimal deviation or error. Stability is achieved by properly applying inputs (impulse, step, ramp, sinusoidal) Impulse input: Sudden, brief input. Step input: A constant input that starts at a specific moment. Ramp input: An input that gradually increases over time, like a slope (change in X and Y). Sinusoidal input: A wave-like, oscillating input that changes with frequency (based on the sine wave). -Control systems are analyzed in both time and frequency domains. Time-domain analysis evaluates how system outputs change over time, while frequency-domain analysis looks at the system’s response to various frequencies. Frequency is measured in cycles per second (Hertz, Hz). Time (or period) is the inverse of frequency, so Time = 1/Frequency. -In feedback control systems, error is the difference between the actual output and the desired output. The purpose of the feedback loop is to minimize this error by adjusting the system in real-time.

[@avenidojetroo.3482]

AVENIDO, JETRO O. BSME 4-3 3 things that i've learned from this lecture: 1. THE TWO TYPES OF CONTROL SYSTEM: Control systems are categorized into two types, open-loop and closed-loop systems. Open-loop systems operate without feedback, relying solely on input to produce output, making them simpler but less accurate. Closed-loop systems use feedback to compare the actual output with the desired result, adjusting inputs accordingly for improved accuracy and stability. 2. PURPOSE OF CONTROL ENGINEERING: The purpose of control engineering is to design and implement systems that regulate and manage the behavior of dynamic systems, ensuring they operate efficiently and effectively. It involves creating mechanisms that maintain desired outputs despite disturbances, optimizing performance in processes such as automation, manufacturing, and robotics. Control engineering focuses on achieving stability, precision, and safety by using feedback systems and mathematical models to adjust inputs based on the actual outputs of the system. 3. FEEDBACK SYSTEM IN CONTROL ENGINEERING: A feedback system in control engineering is a mechanism that continuously monitors the output of a system and compares it with the desired setpoint or reference. If there is any deviation or error, the system adjusts the input to correct the output. This closed-loop process ensures stability, accuracy, and improved performance by automatically correcting for disturbances or changes in the environment. Feedback systems are essential in applications like temperature regulation, speed control, and process automation, allowing for precise and consistent operation.

[@parinasnicholemacapia343]

Nichole M. Pariñas BSME 4-3 Things that I've learned: 1) 2 types of control system Open loop- input does not depend on the current and past values of the output Close loop - has feedback 2) The purpose of Control is stability. 3) Transfer Function is Gain which is like efficiency which is Output/Input. G= C(controlled output)/R(reference output).

[@reignbagabaldo]

Bagabaldo, Reign Marielle L. BSME 4-3 From this lecture, I learned about the following: - Control systems are classified as open-loop and closed-loop. Open-loop systems don’t use feedback to adjust their actions, while closed-loop systems rely on feedback to monitor the output and make necessary adjustments to keep the system on track. - Feedback is an important part of control systems as it helps correct the system’s output by comparing the actual result with the target. The difference between these two values is called error, and minimizing this error brings the system closer to stability or its desired performance. - To evaluate a system’s stability, inputs like impulse, step, ramp, and sinusoidal can be used. These inputs help determine how the system behaves or responds under different conditions.

[@geromdavid68]

David, Gerom A. BSME 4-1 - An open-loop control system is a type of control system in which the output is not fed back to the input. In other words, the output of the system is not used to adjust the input. While a closed-loop control system is a type of control system in which the output is fed back to the input. Basically, the output of the system is used to adjust the input. - The purpose of Control Engineering is stability which means it needs to be consistent having less to no error in a system. - Knowing if the system is really stable it needs to have inputs, which are Impulse, Step, Ramp, Sinusoidal. - The Importance of Laplace, Complex Numbers, Matrix, Fourier transform, Taylor Series in Control Engineering.

[@camilaariola]

Ariola, Camila L. BSME 4-3 3 things I've learned in this lecture: 1) There are two types of control system-the open loop and close loop control systems. Open loop system doesn't need feedback to complete an output while, a closed loop control system needs feedback to produce much accurate output which makes it more accurate than an open loop control system. 2) Feedback which is represented as error is the difference between the actual value and our expected value. This is used for better calibration of our sytem to have much accurate control overall. 3) Control is important for greater stability of a system in general.

[@reymundtumandoc2463]

Tumandoc, Reymund N. BSME 4-3 3 things I’ve learned from the discussion 1). Control Engineering - The importance of Control engineering is for designing systems that maintain desired performance and stability in complex processes, ultimately enhancing efficiency and safety across various industries. There are two classifications of control systems - Open-loop control systems utilizes an actuating device to control the process directly without using feedback. - Closed-loop feedback control system uses a measurement of the output and feedback of the output signal to compare it with the desired output or reference. 2). STABILITY - To get or understand if the system is stable we need to apply system inputs. There are four inputs ( Impulse, Step, Ramp, Sinusoidal) 3). Conversion of Time domain to Frequency - To identify the relation between time domain and frequency we need to use Laplace Transform for conversion. Frequecy it is the number of waves that pass a given point in one second. The frequency unit is called a hertz (Hz).

[@GiloKeithAlfred]

Gilo, Keith Alfred BSME 4-1 -The importance of feedback is the "Error" (Actual Value - Desired Value) -Frequency = Repetitive/Cycle. The purpose of Control in our lives is stability. -Convert the Time domain into the Frequency domain using the Laplace transformation and inverse Laplace. -To know the Stability, we need inputs: impulse, step, ramp, & sine. - Gain = Transfer function = output over input = y over x -Manual and Automatic Control -Relating the human system in control -Control system 2 types: Open-loop and closed-loop (may feedback)

[@ANARIOAljonB]

ANARIO, ALJON B. BSME 4-1 Things that I have learned in this lecture: 1. The purpose of control in control engineering is to ensure that a system remains stable. 2. There are two types of control. Open-loop systems have a fixed input and no feedback mechanism. They operate directly on the process without considering the output. Meanwhile, closed-loop These systems have a variable input that is influenced by the output or feedback. They use feedback to self-regulate and ensure the desired output is achieved. 3. Understanding the different system inputs such as impulse, step, ramp, and sinusoidal. 4. Programming software tools for control engineering such as MATLAB and Octave are essential for representing control systems mathematically and can help visualize system responses.

[@lenardvincegarcia8377]

Garcia, Lenard Vince B. BSME 4-3 Things that I've learned from the lecture: 1. Feedback Feedback plays an important role in order to improve the performance of the control systems. It refers to a process in which the information or output of a system is relayed or returned to the target. It is a mechanism for correcting and achieving the desired output. 2. Types of Control Systems In control systems, there are two types: open-loop control system and the closed-loop control system. An open-loop control system works without feedback to adjust or correct the system. A closed-loop control system uses feedback which measures the result and returns it to the target or desired value, making adjustments to correct any errors. 3.Error In control systems, the difference between the actual value and desired value of the system is called error.

[@nicoleashleygumapac4188]

Gumapac, Nicole Ashley F. BSME 4-3 Control systems use mathematical or numerical models to figure out how the system responds to different inputs, so the control strategies work as they should. Feedback adjusts inputs based on the difference between what we want and what we actually get, which we call the error. Fixing this error help the system performs as expected. We also look at how systems behave over time and with different frequencies. Time domain analysis shows how outputs change over time, like how quickly the system gets stable and how it deals with disturbances. Frequency domain analysis helps us see how the system reacts to different frequencies or cycles per unit of time. Stability keeps system from becoming erratic. It helps to determine if the system will return to its desired state after something disrupts it, making sure it stays stable and doesn’t behave uncontrollably.

[@virtusnieljoshuaruiz8873]

Virtus, Niel Joshua R. BSME 4-3 Three things I have learned from the discussion: 1. There are two types of control systems which are open-loop control systems and closed-loop feedback control systems. Closed-loop feedback control systems use feedback from the output signal and measurement of the output to compare the result to the reference or intended output, whereas open-loop control systems use an actuating device to control the process directly without using feedback. 2. The difference between the actual output and the desired output in a control system is called error which is the most important in feedback. 3. There are four types of system inputs which are Impulse, Step, Ramp, and Sinusoidal.

[@ArvinVelante]

Velante, Arvin M. BSME 4-3 Things I have learned: 1. There are two types of control systems: open-loop and closed-loop. Closed-loop systems use feedback from the output to compare it to the desired result, while open-loop systems control the process directly without using feedback. 2. The Laplace transform changes signals from time-based data to frequency-based, making it easier to analyze system behavior. The inverse Laplace transform converts frequency-based data back to time-based to show how a system behaves over time. 3.Control aims to maintain stability. It also seeks to ensure that a system responds predictably to changes and disturbances, optimizing performance and reliability.

[@AndreaamorYT]

TUBIG, Andrea Amor BSME 4-1 The things that I've learned watching are the following: > The video provided us a heads-up about the course schedule and grading, so I know what to expect and also course description and some important things. > The video also reviewed some electrical engineering basics we might have already encountered, like resistors, capacitors, and those electrical stuffs. The orientation video also tackles some heat transfer lessons and formulas that we will still be needing in today's semester and future. > Lastly, the video provided a valuable overview of control systems. It emphasizes the importance of feedback control in ensuring accurate and reliable system performance. Also, It clarified the distinction between open-loop and closed-loop systems. Understanding these concepts is crucial for designing effective control strategies and ensuring that systems operate as intended.

[@ein8786]

Caro, John Alnie P. BSME 4-1 Things I've learned from this lecture: -There are two types of control systems which are open loop and closed loop wherein the open loop, is a type of output without feedback and the closed loop which utilizes the output to modify the input. -The concept of frequency or the repetition which is measured in Hertz (Hz) -There are four types of the stability of the input system: Impulse input, step input, ramp input and sinusoidal input.

[@sherleynunez1267]

Nuñez, Sherley L. BSME 4-1 1. In feedback control systems, feedback is defined as a process where a portion of the output is fed back as input to influence the system's behavior. There are two types of feedback which are negative (helps maintain stability by reducing the output error) and positive (can lead to enhanced output). Also, error is essential for improving accuracy by reducing deviations from the desired output. 2. Open loop control system uses an actuating device to control a process without feedback. It doesn't adjust based on output while closed-loop control system utilizes feedback to compare the output with a reference, adjusting control actions to minimize error. 3. The Laplace transform converts time-domain signals into the frequency domain, making it easier to analyze dynamic system. On the other hand, the inverse laplace transform brings frequency-domain data back to the time domain, helping to understand system behavior over time.

[@ValdezChloeAndreaL]

Valdez, Chloe Andrea L. BSME 4-1 Things I have learned: • The two categories of control systems include the open-loop control system and the closed-loop feedback control system. In an open-loop control system, the actuating device is used directly to control the process, while in a closed-loop feedback control system, the output of the process is measured and fed back as a signal to compare it with the reference. • There are two primary domains, and these are time domain and frequency domain. The time domain is where signals are given as they change in time progression, while the frequency domain is where signals are given in terms of their frequency. • The error in a feedback control system is the difference between the desired value and the actual value of the system. This error determines how to control the input to the system and assists in maintaining as well as stabilizing the required state of the system. Also, in order to determine the stability of a control engineering system, using inputs such as impulse, step, ramp, and sinusoidal is important.

[@tadeolimartjameslatorre2607]

Tadeo, Limart James L. BSME 4-3 Things that I've learned in this lecture: * There are 2 classifications of control system which are the open and close loop control system. In open loop control system, the output does not affect the control action because the system operates in a linear motion from input to output. Meaning, there is no feedback. Unlike in closed loop control system, on where it uses a measurement to provide feedback to identify the error in the input and output. * Background about the frequency and its difference with time. Frequency is cycle/sec or Hz. Frequency uses wavelengths to represent the repetition, it is also mentioned in the lecture that here in Ph we have a standard of 60 Hz that's why appliances from different countries can't last long. One of the given example of frequency is the movement of pistons. * Lastly, In stability, there are different types of system inputs the: impulse, step, ramp and sinusoidal. Learned the graph equivalent of each inputs.

[@AlyssaJaneRey]

REY, ALYSSA JANE RIVAREZ BSME 4-1 - The importance of Control System is to stabilize an order or a system, and if the desired set point is not achieved in a system by then, feedback in the control system will arise until the set point is achieved. - Control System uses a multi-disciplinary engineering wherein Differential Equations will be the principal calculations will be used to determine the time and frequency domain relationship as well as the order and system inputs control engineering. - In control system engineering, modelling doesn’t give much focus on creating drawings rather it focuses more in calculations whether this is a mechanical, electrical, fluid, and thermodynamics system. Hence, the nomenclature and formulas from these systems are important in analyzing and designing models that are suitable for a particular control systems.

[@esorenareilyallen3200]

Esoreña, Reily Allen E. BSME 4-3 1. input signals of a control system - impulse - step - ramp - sinusoidal 2. types of control systems - open-loop - input is not affecte by output because no measurement was done to produce feedback - closed-loop - input is affected by a measurement on the difference of the actual output from the desired output(input). The difference is refered to as error. 3. in control engineering, we apply control theory in order to produce the desired values from a designed system

[@kenjiebonaobra6707]

Bonaobra, Kenjie S. BSME 4-1 Things that I have learned in this lecture: 1. The two type of control system classification which are the open system and closed system. The difference between the two is that the closed system uses feedback to change the input while the open system is a direct output. 2. The time(t) and frequency (s) domain uses laplace operation 3. The "error" is important because it is the actual/exact value

[@mercadobriangeromesampang8084]

Mercado, Brian Gerome S. BSME 4-3 3 things that I've learned: 1. 2 types of control system which is the open-loop control systems and closed-loop feedback control systems. Open-loop directly controls the process without using the feedback and does not depend on the current and past values of the output. Closed-loop is using measurement and feedback to achieve the desired output. 2. The system inputs of a control system are impulse, step, ramp, and sinusoidal. 3. The Purpose of Control engineering - it is a branch of engineering that deals with the control and management of the operations of systems with built in dynamics. Control engineering is a field of study that deals with the behavior of a system in as much as its input will be adjusted based on output feedback. It does this through the application of mathematics, physics and system theories.

[@marcelinokirr.2456]

MARCELINO, KIR R. BSME 4-3 3 Things I learned about the lecture: 1. Control systems can be classified into open-loop and closed-loop systems. An open-loop system does not depend on feedback, while in a closed-loop system, control is involved with feedback to modify the outcome so that it is more accurate and stable. 2. Control systems are vital in regulation and maintenance of stability, efficiency, and accuracy of different processes within various industries. They ensure systems work within required parameters, hence improving the performance and safety of the systems. 3. There are two Domains in Control Engineering System, the Time Domain and Frequency Domain.

[@cagomockylene513]

CAGOMOC, KYLENE BSME 4-3 3 things I've learned from the lecture: 1. Difference Between Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Control Systems: An open-loop control system operates without using feedback, meaning the control action is independent of the system’s output. In contrast, a closed-loop system takes the output into account through feedback, allowing the system to adjust and correct any errors by comparing the output with the desired value. 2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Open-Loop Systems: Open-loop systems are simpler in design and more cost-effective because they don’t need additional components for feedback. They’re also easier to maintain and generally stable. However, they can be unreliable and inaccurate, especially when conditions change, since they cannot automatically correct any deviations in output. 3. Key Components of Closed-Loop Systems: A closed-loop system includes several key elements: the comparison element (which compares the desired output with the actual output), the control element (which regulates the system), the correction element (which adjusts the process based on feedback), the process element (the system being controlled), and the measurement element (which monitors the output). Together, these elements help ensure that the system maintains the desired performance by automatically correcting any errors.

[@jabillesjerrymhiec.5870]

Jabilles, Jerry Mhie C. BSME 4-1 - In the control system classification, there are two types of control system, such as the open-loop control system and closed-loop feedback control system. Open loop control system uses an actuating device to control the process directly, while closed-loop feedback control system uses a measurement of output and feedback of the output signal to compare it with the desired reference. - In feedback control systems, error is important as it helps to improve accuracy and reduce deviations. In mathematical correlation, laplace transform is used to convert the time domain into frequency domain. Meanwhile, inverse laplace transform is used to convert the frequency domain into time domain. - To know the stability of a control engineering system, applying inputs is important such as impulse, step, ramp, and sinusoidal.

[@djibrilronnebuenaventura]

Buenaventura, Djibril Ronne Q. BSME 4-3 - Learned about the concept of feedback in control system where feedback is a mechanism that enables the system to adjust its output based on its actual performance. - Learned about the two domains in control engineering systems: Time & Frequency - For stability, we need to apply the 4 system inputs: • Impulse • Step • Ramp • Sinusoidal

[@MultiAstig25]

Laplana, Jose Nicanor A. BSME 4-1 1. The video emphasizes that the model preferred in control engineering system are numerical models and not merely drawing models. 2. Feedback is the defining feature of a closed loop feedback control system. It is basically a way to compare the actual measurement to the desred measurement of a device. Therefore, a measuring device is necessary in this system to complete the process unlike an open loop control system where the process is more direct and no comparison is necessary 3.The Laplace transform is a mathematical tool that converts functions from a time-based representation to a frequency-based representation. The inverse Laplace transform does the opposite, converting functions from the frequency domain back to the time domain.

[@RosalioLemlieAnneP]

Rosalio, Lemlie Anne P. BSME 4-1 1. Purpose of studying Control Engineering - Stability (consistency or less error) 2. Stability Inputs: Impulse, Step, Ramp, Sinusoidal 3. Types of Control System: Open Loop - The output of the system does not affect the input signal Closed Loop - The output of the system is fed back to the input, and the control action is adjusted based on the error between the desired output and the actual output.

[@sevillacharlesdavidv.5783]

Sevilla, Charles David V. BSME 4-1 In this lecture, I learned about three key concepts in control systems. First, variations in control systems include open-loop and closed-loop systems. An open-loop system lacks feedback, while a closed-loop system uses feedback to adjust input and achieve the desired output. Second, errors and stability play a crucial role, where the error is the difference between the target input and actual output. Reducing errors brings the system closer to stability, ensuring a steady and consistent performance. Lastly, gain in control systems refers to the transfer function, which is the ratio of controlled output to the referenced input.

[@ColleCharles]

Colle, Charles Yen Edward BSME 4-3 3 things that I have learned from the video: - There are two types of Control System mainly being Open and Closed Loop. In Open loop the output has no effect or influence on the system's control action, it is determined solely by the input while in Closed loop there is a feedback used to relay information so that the system can make adjustments based on the output of said system. - The importance of the three modes of Heat Transfer. Which specifically are Conduction, Convection, and Radiation. - When going from or converting time domain to frequency domain we use Laplace Transform but when going vice versa (frequency domain to time domain) we use Inverse Laplace.

[@CordovaKrishaLei]

Cordova, Krisha Lei A. BSME 4-3 THINGS I LEARNED FROM THIS VIDEO 1. Control systems are classified into two types: open-loop, where output doesn’t affect input, and closed-loop, which includes feedback to regulate output based on performance. Moreover, feedback helps correct errors by comparing the actual outcome from the desired outputs. 2. Control engineering applies multi-disciplinary principles such as differential equations and system modeling to maintain stability in systems. Calculations play a key role in analyzing and visualizing mechanical, electrical, and thermodynamic systems. 3. Time and frequency are important aspects in control systems and methods such as Laplace transforms are used to convert from time to frequency and vice versa.

[@nicanorarianen.5104]

NICANOR, ARIANE N. BSME 4-3 -There are two classifications of control system, an open and closed-loop control system. An open-loop control system has no returning signal or feedback. On the other hand, a closed-loop control system has a measurement system that relays information or feedback to compare and correct the actual measured value to match the set point. -The difference of actual value and set point is called Error. Error Signal is the difference between the reference value signal and the measured value signal. -Time may not always be convenient to use in repetitive systems instead, frequency, which refers to the number of cycles per second, often measured in Hertz, is used.

[@marbenglennjoyas9286]

Joyas, Marben Glenn S. BSME 4-3 The three things I have learned from this discussion are: 1. types of control system, specifically the open loop and closed loop system. The open loop system covers independent of the system between the output and the input controls. The closed loop system on the other hand has dependent system between the inputo control action from the system output. 2. The feedback is used to describe a system in which the output, or a portion of the output, is brought back to the input side and used as a component of the input. 3. Time domain and frequency domain is the two domains where control engineering operates.

[@charlyndimaala7834]

Dimaala, Ma. Charlyn Jel V. BSME 4-3 These are the three things I have learned from the lecture: First, Sir's discussion on control systems using Leonardo da Vinci's drawing was insightful. He compared the human body’s regulation mechanisms to engineering concepts, with the hand acting as the actuator and the eye as the sensor, similar to how control systems use sensors and actuators to regulate processes. Second, the explanation of time and frequency domains clarified how these methods assess system performance and optimize behavior over time using Laplace and Inverse Laplace transforms. Lastly, real-world examples like cars and rockets demonstrated how feedback loops maintain precision, stability, and error reduction, which are main purposes of control systems as discussed in the video.

[@gabalescharlesjovens.8274]

Gabales, Charles Joven S. BSME 4-3 things I have learned in the video: - error is the difference between the desired and generated output, and is the most important part in the feedback. - feedback is the mechanism that measures if the system achieved the desired output - control engineering is studied in order for us to understand stability - converting time to frequency domain involves laplace transform - control systems are classified into two categories: open-loop control system - the input does not depend in any way to the past and current values of the output closed-loop control system - the output affects the values of input

[@saldiardreyjohns.8159]

Saldi, Ardrey John S. BSME 4-3 1. Time and Frequency Domains in Control Systems Time Domain - Displacement or velocity over time Frequency Domain - Cycles per second (Hertz) Laplace Transform - Converts between time and frequency domains 2. Control Systems and Feedback Feedback Mechanism - Compares output with desired input - Uses sensors for error correction Open vs. Closed Loop: Open-loop - No feedback control Closed-loop - Feedback regulates output 3. System Inputs and Responses Impulse - Sudden, brief input (e.g., a pulse). Step - Abrupt change in input, often from 0 to 1. Ramp - Gradual, continuous change over time. Sinusoidal - Oscillating input, often used in systems involving oscillations or wave-like behavior.

[@bularonpatrickg.6620]

Bularon, Patrick G. BSME 4-3 1. The 4 input signals in a control system are step, impulse, ramp, and sinusoidal. 2. Control systems are classified into open-loop and closed-loop. Both aim for optimal output, but open-loop systems provide direct output, while closed-loop systems use feedback to adjust based on performance. 3. Speaking of feedback, it is the process of using the output to adjust inputs and improve performance to meet the desired output.

[@iel5687]

Dela Vega, Angelo Ariel D. BSME 4-3 3 Things that I’ve learned in this lesson are: 1. Control engineering is crucial for designing systems that ensure optimal performance and stability in complex processes. This field enhances efficiency and safety across various industries, making it vital for reliable operation and improved outcomes. 2. Control systems can be classified into open-loop systems and closed-loop systems. In open-loop systems, the output is determined solely by the input, while in closed-loop systems, feedback information is used to adjust the output in order to improve its quality. 3. Frequency and time domains are primarily analyzed using Laplace transforms, which convert time-domain equations into the frequency domain for easier analysis and design of control systems.

[@bantucanandreis.9281]

Bantucan, Andrei S. BSME 4-1 Here are the things I've learned after watching the lecture: 1. The Laplace Transform converts system behavior from the time domain to the frequency domain, making analysis easier. Complex numbers are essential for representing stability and system dynamics. 2. Control systems are divided into open-loop and closed-loop types. Open-loop has only input and output with no feedback, while closed-loop includes feedback to adjust performance. 3. Open-loop systems are simpler but less accurate, while closed-loop systems offer better accuracy and control but are more complex. Both can be represented using block diagrams and signal flow graphs.

[@johnivanc.padernal4224]

Padernal, John Ivan C. BSME 4-1 Here's my takeaway and what I've learned upon watching the video - I’ve learned the fundamental difference lies in feedback. Open-loop systems operate without feedback, meaning they don’t adjust based on the output. Closed-loop systems, on the other hand, use feedback to self-correct and adjust their actions, like a thermostat maintaining room temperature by constantly checking and responding to changes. - In signal analysis, there are two key perspectives: the time domain and the frequency domain. The time domain shows how a signal behaves as it unfolds over time, making it easy to see changes moment by moment. On the other hand, the frequency domain breaks the signal down into its component frequencies, highlighting patterns and how often certain elements repeat. - Lastly the video tackled about Contro system, A control system manages, commands, and regulates the behavior of other devices or systems. It uses feedback to maintain stability and achieve desired results. From simple thermostats to complex industrial machinery, control systems play a key role in ensuring efficient and precise operation.

[@delosreyesclarencepereira7168]

delos Reyes, Clarence P. BSME 4-3 The three things I have learned from the lecture video are: 1. Modeling of Physical Systems - This refers to the process of representing systems through equations, that is often accompanied by visualizations and diagrams to better illustrate and analyze the system's behavior. 2. Two Types of Control Systems • Open-loop Control System - This type of control system uses an actuating device to directly control the process without incorporating feedback to adjust the output. • Closed-loop Control System - This system utilizes a feedback mechanism by measuring the output and comparing it to the desired reference value. The feedback is essential in determining whether the desired output is achieved. Feedback - mechanism used to assess if the intended output has been successfully reached. Error - refers to the difference between the actual value and the desired value. 3. The four types of system inputs are impulse, step, ramp, and sinusoidal. These system inputs are used to evaluate the stability of a system and understand how it responds to different conditions.

[@anjhiyongb.7083]

An, Jhi Yong B. BSME 4-3 These are the three things I have learned from the video about control systems. First, there are two main types of control systems: open loop and closed loop, each aiming to achieve optimal output but differing in their processes. Open loop systems provide output directly without feedback, while closed loop systems utilize feedback to compare actual performance against expected results. Second, a control system is a network of interconnected components designed to produce a specific desired response. Lastly, feedback, represented as error, is crucial for calibrating the system, as it measures the difference between actual and expected values, leading to more accurate control overall.

[@lenardsalazar4895]

SALAZAR, LENARD M. BSME 4-3 1. Control engineering involves measuring an error signal and then modifying the system to achieve the desired result or goal. 2. Control systems can be categorized as open-loop and closed-loop. Open-loop systems operate based solely on input without considering outputs and lack corrective mechanisms. Closed-loop systems, however, use feedback from a measuring component to make adjustments. 3. Control engineering systems operate in two domains: the time domain and the frequency domain.

[@MarcAnthonyArcillas]

ARCILLAS, MARC ANTHONY N. BSME 4-3 The things that I’ve learned from this lecture are: -Classification of control system: there are two classifications of control system: open loop is a system where there is no correcting system because there is no feedback; this means that the input is independent of the output. In contrast, in a closed system there is a measurement system (feedback) to compare and correct the input to achieve the desired value. - Feedback is a measurement on whether the system has achieved the desired output or not. The deviation of the desired outcome and actual outcome is called error. You can use the error as reference to correct the deviation -There are two domains, time and frequency. Frequency is used to measurement of cycle per second (Hertz), it is used when time is no longer applicable for measurement and for systems where repetitive cycle occurs. Time/Period is the inverse of frequency, mathematically: T= 1/f f= 1/t -the input signals in a system are impulse, step, ramp, and sinusoidal inputs. -The purpose of control system is stability; it is used to lessen error in a system.

[@RinJohnKennethJ]

Rin, John Kenneth J. BSME 4-1 Things that I have learned in this lecture: - feedback loops, stability, and the role of controllers - Definition of Control System Engineering - 2 Types of Control System - Application of Laplace and Inverse Laplace Transform to Conversion of Time to Frequency Domain and vice versa - Different types of system outputs: impulse, step, ramp, and sinusoidal.

[@AbarejoMiaM]

Abarejo, Mia M. BSME 4-1 - Control systems are classified into two main types: open-loop and closed-loop systems. In an open-loop control system, the input is not dependent on the output, meaning there is no mechanism to measure or adjust the input based on the actual output. On the other hand, a closed-loop control system includes a measurement system that compares the output with the reference or desired value. - Feedback is a system used to measure the output and compare it to the input. Sensors collect data. Adjustments are made if the output is too high or too low to bring it closer to the desired value. - The difference between the actual and target output is called error. Error = actual value - desired value. - Why is the control system being studied? Everything in life requires control. For example, the creation and implementation of laws ensure order and stability in a country. Chaos would ensue in a nation without laws and order. The purpose of control is to achieve stability. Stability means consistency, minimizing deviations, and reducing errors. Control systems are studied to ensure stability and achieve desired outcomes, whether it be in engineering or everyday life.

[@bartolatasherdanp.3389]

Bartolata, Sherdan P. BSME 4-1 Key points learned: •The two classification of Control System are Open-loop Control System and Closed-loop Control System. Open-loop control system is a series process that has no measuring system for controlling the desired output. While Closed-loop Control System has a measuring system that is called feedback which is used for controlling the desired output. In closed-loop system differences between the actual and desired output may occur and it is called error. •The purpose of studying control is for stability. To know and understand stability, we need to apply four system inputs: impulse, step, ramp, and sinusoidal. Impulse represents a sudden impact like a pulse rate. Step is the sudden change from stable value to another value. Ramp is the change from x corresponding y ressembling slope. And sinusoidal is like a wave itself. •Human body is the best example of a Control System wherein different parts of the body functions and adjusts according to the body's needs. For example, when the temperature of the environment is too cold, the body detects it, the brain receives it and processes the information, then the body will generate extra heat to maintain a stable body temperature.

[@kelvynmanalo]

Manalo, Kelvyn Aron L. BSME 4-3 Based from the video/lecture presented, it provides an in-depth explanation of different engineering concepts, particularly focusing within control engineering. It discusses the various modes of heat transfer, mathematical modeling techniques, the significance of feedback in control systems, and contrasts open-loop and closed-loop systems, exemplifying them through practical applications. When it comes to the three things I've learned: 1. Starting with the basics or introduction to what Control Engineering is. The video delves into thermal conductivity formulas, highlighting the significance of specific heat and the mass of materials in calculating heat transfer. Attention shifts to fluid mechanics, where basic formulas for pressure calculations in an open tank are discussed, and the concept of control engineering is incorporated. 2. With regards to Applications and Types of Systems, the application of control systems vary through robotics and power systems, underscoring the necessity of feedback for stability and accuracy. Open-Loop vs. Closed-Loop Systems: A synthesis of key ideas is provided, reinforcing the distinction between open-loop systems (direct action without adjustments) and closed-loop systems (where outputs directly influence inputs). 3. Lastly, :error" has been introduced as a key term within Control Engineering. It refers to the difference between the desired output (setpoint) and the actual output of a system. it can be classified as steady-state error, which persists over time, or transient error, which occurs during system adjustments. Effective error correction through feedback mechanisms is essential for maintaining system performance and efficiency in control engineering applications. This also becomes the standard/basis in enhancing accuracy and stability in processes like automation.

[@arkyym5662]

Bisais, Mark Joseph C. BSME 4-3 Things that I have learned - 2 types of control system Open loop directly process from desire output to its output Close loop system uses a measurement or a feedback to compare to the desire output. - Time and frequency domain use Laplace transform. Frequency is a repeated wave measured in hertz (cycles per second). - Stability is characterized as constant, stable, and with minimal error; it is the major purpose of control engineering to achieve stability; with stability, it may deliver the desired output.

[@hanimichi_]

Laña, Honey Mae B. BSME 4-3 With this lecture, I was able to re-learn important lessons and understand the key concepts discussed, which include the following: 1. The two domains in control engineering: the Time domain and the Frequency domain. Which the transformation from the time-domain to the frequency-domain is done using the Laplace transform, while the inverse Laplace transform is used to revert from the frequency-domain back to the time-domain. 2. The application of system inputs in control engineering to assess system stability, which includes various input types from second-order system to: Impulse (graphically represented by a pulse or heartbeat pattern), Step (a sudden change from low to high, 0-1), Ramp (a gradual slope), and Sinusoidal (a sine wave). 3. The types of control systems: Open-loop (operate without feedback, meaning the system does not adjust based on the output) and Closed-loop Feedback (first, monitor the output; second, adjust the input; lastly, maintain the desired performance). Also, their application in manufactured products, such as in temperature control systems in ships, aircraft, and automobiles.

[@atienzamariacarmela9456]

Atienza, Maria Carmela R. BSME 4-1 3 things I've learned after watching the lecture the types of Control System can be cathegorized into two: Open and Closed control system I learned that control system is a connection of different components to form a system that works as one. Also, I learned about the block diagram of the input-output relationship.

[@valeriochancyjenineh.7705]

Valerio, Chancy Jenine H. BSME 4-3 The 3 things I learned from the video are the (1)difference Between Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Systems, (2) is that mathematical modeling is essential and (3) Control Systems. I learned that the open-loop systems operate without using output feedback to adjust the input, while closed-loop systems utilize feedback to continuously monitor and adjust the output based on desired performance. I also learned that the effective modeling of systems involves using mathematical equations to describe their behavior under various conditions, that it emphasizes the importance of modeling in disciplines such as heat transfer and fluid dynamics and that mastering these equations is fundamental for system analysis in engineering. Lasty, I learned that feedback mechanisms are essential for measuring outputs and correcting errors and how feedback is applied in various applications, such as air conditioning systems, which adjust operation based on measured temperature to maintain desired levels.

[@RACALSHAIRAJOYLACATARIA]

Shaira Joy L. Racal BSME 4-3 The three key lessons I learned from the video are as follows: First, the most important takeaway from the lecture is the classification of control systems. I now understand the difference between open-loop and closed-loop feedback control systems. An open-loop system operates in a direct, series configuration without feedback, meaning it lacks a corrective mechanism. On the other hand, a closed-loop feedback system requires feedback, often using sensors to measure data that helps reach the set point or target. It includes a corrective mechanism, and the variation, or error, between the actual value and the set point is critical. I also gained a new understanding of how to calculate error-by subtracting the actual value from the set point-to ensure the goal is achieved. If the error is significant, adjustments to the system are needed to reach the goal; if the error is minimal or absent, it indicates that the target has been met. The role of error is to enhance feedback and improve system performance. Second, I was particularly interested in the video’s discussion on system response and stability. The imaginary axis is represented by the vertical line, and the real axis is the horizontal line in the s-plane (or stability plane), which is also referred to as the complex plane. I learned that the stable region lies on the left side of this plane, a concept introduced in the first video. Stability requires inputs such as impulses (like a heartbeat), pulse trains (sudden impacts), steps (representing changes in direction or magnitude), ramps (gradual changes in both x and y), and sinusoidal inputs. Stability is crucial in control engineering, as consistency and minimal error are necessary to reach the desired set point during system design. Lastly, I learned about the root locus method, with "loci" being the plural form. In this method, the transfer function is represented by the symbol G. When plotted on the s-plane, the zeros (denoted by small circles) are in the numerator, while the poles (represented by an "x") are in the denominator. In block diagrams, the transfer function is expressed as G = C (Output) / R (Input), with the symbol H used to represent feedback. Additionally, for digital control systems, the z-transform is the primary mathematical language used.

[@sanjuanroshmaxcelcenth4521]

San Juan, Rosh Maxcel Centh M. BSME 4-1 Things I have learned from this lecture: 1) Open loop, i.e., the one-way system from input to output, doesn’t have feedback. Hence, the output cannot relate to the input in a sense that the former cannot be used to vary the input to get the desired output. 2) Closed loop, on the other hand, has feedback, i.e., a measurement of the output to control the input. 3) Feedback is the mechanism that measures if the input has achieved the desired output. 4) In control engineering, error is the deviation or difference in values between input and output. 5) The Philippines uses a standard frequency of 60 Hz, while most countries in Europe uses a standard frequency of 50 Hz. 6) The purpose of studying control engineering is to have a stable system, i.e., consistent and has less deviation or error. 7) Error is equal to the actual value minus the desired value. 8) Control system is related to mechanical system since the former uses mass-spring-damper model. 9) Control system is related to electrical system since the former uses Kirchhoff's Laws, Ohm’s Law, etc. 10) Control system is related to fluid system since we’re computing for the pressure. 11) Control system is related to thermodynamics since we’re computing for heat in terms of conduction, convection, and radiation. 12) Laplace transform is used to convert time domain to frequency domain. 13) Inverse Laplace transform is used to convert frequency domain to time domain. 14) Laplace transform was named after Simon Pierre Laplace. 15) Transfer function is the equation of efficiency, i.e., output over input, or G = C/R, where: G = gain, C = controlled output, and R = reference input. 16) PID (proportional, integral, derivative) controller is a 3-mode controller. 17) The human system is the best example of a control system since we have senses for input and brains for processing and feedback.

[@jonnalyncortel8370]

CORTEL, JONNALYN P. BSME 4-3 Modeling involves illustrations and mathematical formulas. To learn efficiently in this subject and to start modeling, you need to understand and be familiar with basic formulas, as well as the three modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Feedback is a system or mechanism used to measure output. This information must return through sensors. The main goal is to achieve the set value or set point. I learned about control system classification. Determining the type depends on the feedback. I also learned about its applications and how we encounter these systems in everyday life.

[@karlsteinjohnbabangga5255]

Babangga, Karlstein John R. BSME 4-1 Here are the things that I have learned from the lecture: -The purpose of a control system is to achieve stability, consistency, and less error. -In an open-loop system, the control action is independent of the output. In this type of system, there is no feedback mechanism that will adjust the input based on the system’s actual output since the input remains fixed or predefined. - A closed-loop system, on the other hand, utilizes a feedback mechanism that sends a signal to the controller to compare and determine whether the system has achieved the desired output. The difference or deviation between the actual value and the desired value is called an "error." - Stability analysis in control systems is carried out by observing how the system reacts to four different kinds of inputs: step, ramp, sinusoidal, and impulse.

[@pritchmangui]

Mangui, Pritch Gerald M. BSME 4-1 Things I have learned in this lesson are: *Two classifications of Control System: Open-loop and closed-loop control system and how it works and also I learned about the SISO system. *Three modes of Heat transfer which are conduction, convection and radiation. *Our Body as a example of a system that works as one.

[@magallanesrheaann9144]

Magallanes, Rhea Ann D. BSME 4-3 -Control engineering system, operate in two domain the time domain and frequency domain. It is analized by using Laplace transform -Control System, open loop system(doesnt have system to relay the output, no feedback, simple and mostly low cost) and closed-loop feedback system (have feedback system) -To know stability we need to apply system inputs. impulse, step, ramp and sinusoidal -Transfer function = G = Output (C)/ Input (R) -"Error" is an important part of feedback. Actual Value - Desired Value -Frequency is repetitive, Hz= cycle/second

[@dale1x]

Mateo, Dale Vincent A. BSME 4-1 - Feedback helps control systems adjust by minimizing the error between actual and desired values, ensuring stability. - Converting time-domain signals into the frequency domain using Laplace transforms aids in analyzing system stability. - Open-loop systems lack feedback, while closed-loop systems utilize it for self-regulation, similar to how the human body maintains balance. - Systems can function manually or automatically, with automatic control ensuring more consistent performance through feedback. - Lastly, the human body acts as a perfect control system by constantly adjusting to maintain stability.

[@malabanankimelaizag.9846]

Malabanan, Kim Elaiza G. BSME 4-3 Here are the three things I’ve learned from the lecture video; 1. Feedback in Control Engineering is a system used to relate the actual output to the desired input. And in Feedback, the most important is the ERROR. It is the difference or deviation between the desired input to the actual output. 2. The purpose of Control Engineering is to have stability in systems so that there is no to minimal error and to be able to produce consistent results. And if we want to know if the system has stability, we have to apply the four inputs to test it. The four inputs are Impulse, Step, Ramp, and Sinusoidal. 3. There are two domains in Control Engineering, Time and Frequency domain. Laplace Transform and Inverse Laplace Transform are used to convert from time domain to frequency domain, and vice versa.

[@MuanagChristianD]

Muanag, Christian D. BSME 4-1 1. Conversion of Time domain to Frequency Domain with the help of Laplace Transform. Also the Importance of Complex numbers in Control Engineering. 2. To determine the stability of the control systems 4 inputs are used which is Impulse, Step, Ramp, and Sinusoidal. 3. The Advantages and Disadvantages of the two types of Control System and how to represent them using Block Diagrams and Signal Flow Graph.

[@MarkCedrichVictorino]

VICTORINO, MARK CEDRICH L. BSME 4-3 - A control system is a set of devices or mechanisms designed to command or manage and regulate the behavior of a device or a system through control loops - One of the said control system is the open loop control system, this system operates without a feedback, this works without checking if the desired result is achieved. The output does not affect the control action. - The other control system is the closed loop control system, this system uses a measurement to provide feedback to identify errors made in the input and output to make sure that the desired result is achieved.

[@dubanmalcolmp.5212]

Duban, Malcolm P. BSME 4-1 Feedback In control systems, feedback measures the output and sends it back to the input, allowing the system to adjust accordingly. Transfer function and gain a transfer function expresses the system’s behavior mathematically, relating the output to the input. The gain refers to the ratio of controlled output to the reference input, indicating how much the input is amplified or adjusted.

[@KurtMangana]

Mangana, Kurt Gabriel L. BSME 4-1 - A control system is a set of elements or devices that regulate other systems and their devices by means of control loops. - Control Systems are classified into two; the Open-loop and the Closed-loop systems. Open-loop systems are one-way as it follows the input signals regardless of its output. The Closed-loop systems differ by the output returning a signal to the system control in the form of "Feedback", therefore, the output can affect the control action of the system. - The main goal of the control system is to achieve stability and consistency. - It is a diverse field that can be applied to mechanical (thermodynamics and fluids) and electrical systems. - It emphasizes more on mathematical modeling and diagrams compared to illustrations.

[@baluyanraymartb.3987]

Baluyan, Raymart B. BSME 4-3 Modeling of Physical Systems - modeling of systems in terms of equation with the use of visualization Control System Classification Open-loop Control System - uses an actuating device to control the process directly without using feedback Closed-loop Control System - uses a measurement of output and feedback of the output signal to compare it with the desired output or reference *Feedback - mechanism that is used to know if the output is achieved *Error - value of the target is either higher or lower compared to the output Time and Frequency Domain Frequency - it is used when time is no longer applicable; cycle/sec T = 1/f f = 1/T Stability of Control Systems - the purpose of control is to make less error

[@Ma.AlliezaFilomeno]

Filomeno, Ma. Allieza BSME 4-1 - Stability of a control system can be determined by examining its response to various types of system inputs, such as impulse, step, ramp, and sinusoidal. - Two domains in control engineering systems are time and frequency. - Control systems are categorized primarily into open-loop and closed-loop feedback control system. An open-loop system consists of only an input and an output, without a feedback. A closed-loop feedback control system includes not only the input and output but also a measurement system that provides feedback.

[@aestherist8665]

Bautista, Dowel R. BSME 4-3 Discussing how feedback loops work in control systems to maintain stability and achieve desired outputs. Exploring different types of control systems, such as open-loop and closed-loop systems, and their applications in various fields. Understanding the importance of stability in control systems, including methods for analyzing stability, such as root locus and Bode plotsplot

[@gerardcarlosgonzalez7661]

Gonzalez, Gerard Carlos M. BSME 4-1 -Acquired knowledge about the three modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation and their processes, -Gain an understanding of the concept of feedback and its role to the control systems which also states its importance in getting necessary outputs. - In control engineering, impulse, step, ramp, and sinusoidal inputs are fundamental test signals used to determine a system's stability and dynamic response.

[@AMABAORafaelJadeF]

Amabao, Rafael Jade F. BSME 4-1 - Should fully understand the three modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation because it is crucial for modeling thermal systems. - The importance of frequency and time domains in analyzing the control systems impacts the various engineering applications. - It's important to understand the concept of resistance, inductance, and capacitance in electrical systems.

[@wandagayl]

Salamo, Ivy Gail A. BSME 4-1 Key learnings from the lecture: + Control systems aim to achieve stability and minimize error through various inputs like impulse, step, ramp, and sinusoidal. Each input plays a role in understanding how a system responds to changes, ensuring that the system remains consistent and stable. + The two main types of control systems are open-loop and closed-loop systems. Open-loop systems directly output the result without feedback, while closed-loop systems use feedback to adjust and correct errors to match the desired output. + Control system modeling emphasizes the use of mathematical equations, such as Laplace transforms, to shift between time and frequency domains for a better understanding of system behavior.

[@cubosriaalexandriac.5801]

Cubos, Ria Alexandria C. BSME 4-1 - A control system regulates behavior through control loops, with open-loop systems directly affecting output without feedback, while closed-loop systems adjust input based on feedback from the output. - The Laplace Transform converts time-domain functions into the frequency domain to simplify system analysis, while the Inverse Laplace Transform converts frequency-domain functions back into the time domain. - Feedback is essential in maintaining control system stability by determining if the output matches the target using sensors. If there is a difference between the actual and desired values (error), the system changes the input to meet the target.

[@salongaalmariei.6575]

Salonga, Almarie I. BSME 4-3 Things that I've learned from the video lecture: 1) Control Engineering ensures the system to maintain stability and accuracy. 2) I learned that control systems are generally classified into open-loop and closed-loop systems. Open-loop systems do not have any feedback or corrective mechanisms, meaning the output is not directly related to the input or the desired value. Closed-loop systems uses feedback to adjust their output. A measurement system constantly monitors the output and compares it to the desired response, making corrections when necessary. 3) Feedback plays a vital role in control systems because it provides information about whether or not the system has reached the desired output. Error helps the system identify how far it is from the target or desired value and error signals the system to adjust which makes the system more responsive and stable.

[@ReinarNaculanga]

NACULANGA, REINAR S. BSME 4-3 3 things I’ve learned from the lecture: 1. Feedback in Engineering Systems: Feedback is the relationship between a system's output and its desired output or set point. Measurements provide feedback to check for variations or "errors" in the process. For example, in an air-conditioning system, if you set the temperature to 22°C but the room temperature is 26°C due to a large number of people, this difference is called an "error." Feedback and measurement systems correct the output by comparing the actual output to the desired one and making adjustments accordingly. The thermostat plays a key role in controlling temperature in such systems. 2. There are two types of control systems: Closed Loop and Open Loop Control System - Open Loop Control Systems do not have feedback or a corrective system/measurements. For example, a motor shaft may rotate at a certain RPM, but without feedback, there's no way to know the exact speed or make adjustments. - Closed Loop Control Systems have feedback and corrective system/measurements. They measure the output and compare it to the desired value to achieve accuracy. Feedback from measurements helps identify errors in the output. Just like a thermostat, a thermostat measures temperature and adjusts it to match the desired set point or desired output. 3. Stability in Control Engineering: - There are techniques to determine if a system is stable. The system's inputs can be classified into four types: impulse, step, ramp, and sinusoidal. You can determine the differences of these four by their specific graphical representation.

[@godffreypayumo9987]

Payumo, Godffrey SP. 3 things I have learned in this lecture: 1. VARIATIONS IN CONTROL SYSTEMS - A control system features a mechanism called a "feedback". It is a measurement system that relays information based on the output and provide feedbacks for an input to adjust its parameters to attain desired output. - We have two classifications for this system, an open loop control system, one that has no feedback or any corrective system while the other one is the closed loop feedback control system that features a feedback mechanism. 2. ERRORS & STABILITY - An important part of a feedback mechanism is the "error". It is the difference between the target input and the actual output. To achieve any controlled output, adjustments must be made thru errors as it provide the necessary data mainly lapses and deviations that needs to be fixed. - Less deviations means decreased error and a decreased error means that we are near stability. A controlled output means that the system maintains a steady and consistent referenced input 3. GAIN IN CONTROL SYSTEMS - Transfer Functions are simply gains in a control system. It is the controlled output over the referenced input.

[@tobiasgenec.4566]

Tobias Jr., Gene C. BSME 4-1 Things I have learned in this lesson are: -Feedback is a system or mechanism to measure the output. -There are two domains in control engineering, Time or period and Frequency. -Time or period is just a inverse of frequency (T=1/f) and frequency is inverse of Time or period (f=1/T). -The purpose of the control is stability/stable system(consistent/steady) for less deviation or less error. - error= Actual value - Desired value -Stability of control have 4 system Inputs, the impulse, step, ramp and sinusoidal. - Laplace transform is used to convert functions between the time domain and the frequency domain.

[@daniellosinada8356]

Losiñada,Daniel N. BSME 4-1 Things that I have learned in this lecture: - the two types of control system which are the open and close loop control system. They have the same goal which is to deliver best output but they differ in terms of process, in open loop system,it directly gives the output but in close loop control system,it gives feedback using measurement in order to know if the system meets the expected output -next is the "error", this error means that actual minus the expected value. This is very important since this error will be the basis for the calibration of every system and also to get the exact control in the system - and the frequency, the frequency in a system using wavelengths is repetitive and since it is repetitive, cycle/sec is used to determine the frequency,Hz is also used here

[@calapatangregsolomonl.8580]

Calapatan, Greg Solomon L. BSME 4-1 Things that i have learned in this lesson are: -Types of Control system classification. Open loop control system which is a direct input and output. Closed loop feedback which at the end measures the feedback to change the input -Frequency which is repetitive, cycle/sec or Hertz. - Frequency Domain and Time Domain mainly uses laplace transforms - system inputs: Impulse, step, Ram and sinusoidal.

[@PANTEJohnPaulR]

Pante, John Paul R. BSME 4-1 Things I have learned in this lesson are: 1. The two types of control system which is an open-loop control system that operates without feedback, meaning the output does not influence the control action. In contrast, a closed-loop control system incorporates feedback to monitor the output and adjust the input accordingly. 2. A control system is a set of devices or mechanisms designed to manage, command, or regulate the behavior of other devices or systems through control loops. 3. Lastly, the different system inputs which are the impulse, step, ramp, and sinusoidal.

[@balibreafaithreald.7426]

Balibrea, Faith Real D BSME 4-1 1. There are two types of control systems: open-loop and closed-loop (feedback) control systems. An open-loop control system operates by using an actuating device to manage the process directly, without relying on feedback. In contrast, a closed-loop feedback control system measures the output and uses that feedback to regulate the system. 2. A control system is a network of interconnected components that create a system configuration, designed to produce a specific desired response. 3. When designing a control system with the help of a computer, you are essentially creating an automatic control system.

[@malateerellkayslerr.4987]

Malate, Erell Kaysler R. BSME 4-1 Things I have learned: - An open-loop system does not have a corrective or measurement system, while the closed-loop system enables us to have the desired or exact amount of output that we want to have. - A feedback control system is a mechanism that tells if the desired output was achieved or not. - A stable system provides a consistent, steady, and non-erroneous results or outputs - Laplace is use to transform time domain into frequency domain, while inverse laplace transform is used to convert frequency domain into time domain.

[@clarindaniellarose2486]

Clarin, Daniella Rose S. BSME 4-1 1. Control systems are categorized into open-loop and closed-loop systems. An open-loop system functions without any kind of feedback, and it only acts on the basis of whatever input it receives. On the other hand, a closed-loop system uses feedback to change the operations accordingly on the basis of the output. 2. Feedback in a control system is the process of using the output to adjust and refine the input. 3. There are four system inputs for the stability of control which are Impulse, Step, Ramp, and Sinusoidal.

[@VillaosMa.NerizzaL.]

Villaos, Ma. Nerizza Mae L. BSME 4-1 - In control engineering system, feedback is a process of sending information of a system’s output back to its input to help control and adjust its performance. In simple terms, feedback helps the system that corrects and determine if the output matches the desired result or response. -There are two classifications of control systems: open-loop and closed-loop. An open-loop is consist of input and output but no feedback. While on the other hand, closed-loop consists of output, input and measurements system that provides feedback to correct the output to get the desired result. -There are different types of system outputs and these are: impluse, step, ramp, and sinusoidal.

[@mendozaavrild.728]

Mendoza, Avril D. BSME 4-1 - 2 Types of Control System: Open loop and Closed Loop. Open loop control system is an output system that doesn't not have effect in its input. Closed loop has feedback and the output has an effect on the input. - Manual control requires human intervention while automatic control can operate without human intervention such as self-driven cars. - Feedback is a system that measures if output matches the target output through sensors. Error occurs when there is a difference in the set value. - Stability of Control System have 4 system inputs inlcluding impulse, step, ramp, and sinusoidal. - Transforming Time domain(t) to Frequency domain (s) uses Laplace transform. On the other hand, transforming Frequency domain to Time domain uses Inverse Laplace. Concept of orders in calculus such as distinguishing between first and second order.

[@CUENCAAnneRachelleV]

Cuenca, Anne Rachelle V. BSME 4-1 1. In control engineering, a feedback is an information or a system that relates the output to its input. It relays the information to the desired value using a measurement system. Feedback uses error to correct the value in which is the Actual Value - Desired Value. 2. Control Systems can be classified into two categories, the Open Loop and the Close Loop. In an Open Loop Control, it doesn’t have a system to relay the output and so it doesn’t have a feedback. On the other hand, the Close Loop Control have a measuring system and a feedback. 3. The importance of control is to have consistency or stability. Stability means there is less error or no error.

[@jrstamonica]

Sta. Monica Jr., Enrique C. BSME 4-1 - Relationship between time and frequency through laplace transform - Definition of Control Systems Engineering where systems are designed to have certain predictable behaviors and function and can also be designed to be self-regulating. - We can consider our body as a result of a very good control systems engineering design, self-regulating and supporting each part. - Two types of control system in which the open-loop systems have fixed input while the closed-loop have variable input affected by the output or feedback branching out of the process.

[@heartsthatcare]

thanks for listening to the lengthy lecture

[@cabrerosdaveclydej.4872]

Cabreros, Dave Clyde J. BSME 3-1 3 Things That I Have Learned: Control System Classifications Open-loop control system can control the process directly without using feedback. Closed-loop feed back control system measures output and feedback to compare the desired output. Feedback It is the process of measuring the output, comparing it to the desired output, and adjusting the input to correct any differences. Real Life Applications Open-loop systems can be used in door lock systems, hair dryers, and washing machines, while closed-loop systems are suitable for automatic electric irons, car cooling systems, and servo voltage stabilizers.

[@mercadobriangeromesampang8084]

Mercado, Brian Gerome S. BSME 4-3 3 things that I've learned: 1. 2 types of control system which is the open-loop control systems and closed-loop feedback control systems. Open-loop directly controls the process without using the feedback and does not depend on the current and past values of the output. Closed-loop is using measurement and feedback to achieve the desired output. 2. The system inputs of a control system are impulse, step, ramp, and sinusoidal. 3. The Purpose of Control engineering - it is a branch of engineering that deals with the control and management of the operations of systems with built in dynamics. Control engineering is a field of study that deals with the behavior of a system in as much as its input will be adjusted based on output feedback. It does this through the application of mathematics, physics and system theories.

[@AlyssaJaneRey]

REY, ALYSSA JANE RIVAREZ BSME 4-1 - The importance of Control System is to stabilize an order or a system, and if the desired set point is not achieved in a system by then, feedback in the control system will arise until the set point is achieved. - Control System uses a multi-disciplinary engineering wherein Differential Equations will be the principal calculations will be used to determine the time and frequency domain relationship as well as the order and system inputs control engineering. - In control system engineering, modelling doesn’t give much focus on creating a drawing or illustrations rather it focuses more in calculations whether this is a mechanical, electrical, fluid, and thermodynamics system. Hence, the nomenclature and formulas from these systems are important in analyzing and designing models that are suitable for a particular control systems.