Core Java Tutorial for Beginners Part -3 How to use Switch Case Statements

The switch statement in programming languages, including Java, is a control flow structure that provides an efficient way to handle multiple conditions or branches based on the value of a variable or expression. It is a cleaner alternative to using multiple if-else statements when there are several possible values to be checked.
switch (expression) {
case value1:
// Code to be executed if expression matches value1
break;
case value2:
// Code to be executed if expression matches value2
break;
// More cases as needed
default:
// Code to be executed if no case matches the expression
}
Key Components:
1. Expression: The variable or expression whose value is evaluated against each case label.
2. Cases: The individual branches inside the switch statement, labeled with case. When the value of the expression matches a case, the corresponding block of code is executed.
3. Break Statement: After the code in a case is executed, the break statement is used to exit the switch statement. Without it, the control would "fall through" to the next case.
4. Default Case: The default case is optional and is executed when none of the cases match the value of the expression. It is similar to the else statement in an if-else structure.
How it Works:
1. The expression inside the switch is evaluated.
2. The value of the expression is compared with each case label.
3. If a match is found, the corresponding code block is executed.
4. The break statement exits the switch statement, preventing fall-through to subsequent cases.
5. If no match is found, the code in the default case (if present) is executed.
Use Cases:
• Menu Selection: When handling user input for menu options.
• State Machines: Representing different states and their associated actions.
The switch statement is a powerful tool for writing concise and readable code, particularly in situations where multiple conditions need to be evaluated based on the value of a single expression.
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