IR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry: Crash Course Organic Chemistry #5

It’s time for molecular analysis! On this episode of Crash Course Organic Chemistry, we’re learning about mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy through the lens of a forensic investigation. Put on your lab coats, and let’s solve this mystery!
Episode Sources:
Silverstein, R. M., Webster, F. X., Kiemle, D. J., & Bryce, D. L (2007). Spectrometric identification of organic compounds, 8th ed., Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Spectra for pseudoephedrine: BioRad/Sadtler Data Collection, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA (US), Spectra ID: BR125952
Spectra for methamphetamine: Kunalan, V., Daeid, N. N, Kerr, W. J., Buchanan, H. A. S., McPherson, A. R., “Characterization of Route Specific Impurities Found in Methamphetamine Synthesized by the Leuckart and Reductive Amination Methods,” Anal Chem, 2009, 81, 7342-7348.
Other spectra reproduced with permission from: SDBSWeb : sdbs.db.aist.g... (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 6/9/2020.
Series Sources:
Brown, W. H., Iverson, B. L., Ansyln, E. V., Foote, C., Organic Chemistry; 8th ed.; Cengage Learning, Boston, 2018.
Bruice, P. Y., Organic Chemistry, 7th ed.; Pearson Education, Inc., United States, 2014.
Clayden, J., Greeves, N., Warren., S., Organic Chemistry, 2nd ed.; Oxford University Press, New York, 2012.
Jones Jr., M.; Fleming, S. A., Organic Chemistry, 5th ed.; W. W. Norton & Company, New York, 2014.
Klein., D., Organic Chemistry; 1st ed.; John Wiley & Sons, United States, 2012.
Louden M., Organic Chemistry; 5th ed.; Roberts and Company Publishers, Colorado, 2009.
McMurry, J., Organic Chemistry, 9th ed.; Cengage Learning, Boston, 2016.
Smith, J. G., Organic chemistry; 6th ed.; McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2020.
Wade., L. G., Organic Chemistry; 8th ed.; Pearson Education, Inc., United States, 2013.
***
Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App!
Download here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at / crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, William McGraw, Siobhan Sabino, Mark W Billian, Jason Saslow, Jennifer Killen, Jon & Jennifer Smith, DAVID NOE, Jonathan Zbikowski, Shawn Arnold, Trevin Beattie, Matthew Curls, Khaled El Shalakany, Ian Dundore, Kenneth F Penttinen, Eric Koslow, Timothy J Kwist, Indika Siriwardena, Caleb Weeks, Zhu Junrong, HAIXIANG N/A LIU, Nathan Taylor, Andrei Krishkevich, Brian Thomas Gossett, SR Foxley, Tom Trval, Justin Zingsheim, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Jessica Wode, Nathan Catchings, Yasenia Cruz, christopher crowell, Jirat
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - / youtubecrashcourse
Twitter - / thecrashcourse
Tumblr - / thecrashcourse
Support Crash Course on Patreon: / crashcourse
CC Kids: / crashcoursekids

[@MrShipp100]

My PhD is in advanced IR spectroscopy using femtosecond lasers, and this is a really nice concise explanation of the basics!

[@definty]

Isn't that just a laser that turns on and off very fast? Or is it something different?

[@alarcon99]

@Shippers I stan

[@extremdeath1234]

@@definty spectroscopy on the femtosecond time scale is a bit more than "very fast". It is ludicrously fast... you can actually monitor reaction on that time scale. for perspective, it takes about 300fs for molecular iodine to vibrate once...

[@0_0-f4x9z]

WAIt , u are saying this is the BASIC?

[@grad3us]

Please, I want CrashCourse Neurology! It would be really cool to understand the brain, just as it was cool to understand computer science.

[@joymae]

I’m digging the purple accents in your backdrop and how it matches your sweater

[@は私です彼の名前]

Joy Mae that was no accident...

[@animeandstuff5377]

My condolences to those who didn’t get to watch this series while in organic chemistry 😔

[@Laaaa]

Anime and Stuff this series is about 12 years too late for me 😩

[@dogzrzosmz]

I feel this deeply

[@saumyamathur4862]

I took it this same time last year, & while I’m happy that today’s ochem students have this at their fingertips, I’m also very jealous that I didn’t 😩😂

[@kevinconrad6156]

Condolences accepted. My lecture teacher was good when he stayed on topic which he did not do often. The lab teacher was great and often gave short lectures on what the lecture teacher missed.

[@birzhanabdikhan8175]

Totally agree brother

[@glennng7612]

As a chem major, I really love how concise the explanations are. Great job crash course!

[@xxstargirlxx]

I saw Abby(from NCIS) So cute

[@anne12876]

Side note, during my first internship as chemistry student, I worked as a lab technician at the anti-doping centre for sports. I spent a summer analysing urine samples by IR spectrometry and sometimes by MS to check for illicite drugs. I was fun to see what happens in the lab during big big sports events and the science behind it.

[@EverythingScience]

I gotta say these videos seem much more advanced than the normal topics you guys cover

[@MysteryMan1910]

Just finished my PhD in structural mass spec. This is a pretty good intro! Although, at least in my field, no one really uses the magnetic sector MS instruments shown here anymore - we more often uses ToF, ion trap or orbitrap mass spectrometers.

[@mawatake]

I'm a Japanese, but I understand this content because of English subtitle ! I want to watch this series about 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR

[@ariame2722]

The molecules dancing made my day 😭

[@RedwoodGeorge]

A long time ago I worked for a company that made Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometers. All new employees went through the two week customer training course to learn how the machines worked. In our class one of the customers was an evidence tech from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police - I was sitting next to an actual Mountie! Cool! One of the attachments for the spectrometer was a microscope - the Mountie had brought along a sample paint chip with three layers of different color paint. We focused the microscope on each layer and ran the results through the database to identify the brand, color and year of each layer! For even deeper analysis, we worked with a GC / Mass Spec to split up the sample by boiling point and molecular weight. The boiled off results were deposited on a cold plate in a labyrinth pattern and then the spectrometer sampled along the path to further analyze the components. Those were fun days working with some pretty cool machinery :-)

[@TheTravelerww]

the T.V scientist in the graphic; is that meant to be Abby Sciuto from NCIS, great reference.

[@TheTwick]

I’ve always enjoyed that scene in a movie when a grizzled old detective runs his fingers through a black substance at a scene and says to the young detective “Send this back to the lab and have it analyzed.”!

[@BenTajer89]

As somebody who's already been through highschool and undergrad O-Chem, I really wish your explanation of the mass spec had gone just a TINY bit more in depth, you describe all the parts and how the ion goes through, but none of how the magnet actually separates the masses as they go around the curve. This concept is actually super intuitive.

[@zagisch4789]

I’m writing a home exam about the use of analytical chemistry in archaeology atm, so the timing of this is perfect 😍

[@pamelaevangelista434]

Im an ib chem student and lemme tell you. Youre doing gods work, youre a miracle sent down from heaven, A NATIONAL TREASON!!! So thank you🥹, i might actually pass this class💀😵

[@emilyensing2184]

I love the major mass spec and abby reference in cartoon form!

[@CrossingDS]

As I biochemist, I found it very complete but also clear. Also, loved the effort put into the actual video!

[@radunicoara8057]

I have finally learned what mass spectroscopy is. As a physics major, I never really understood it. Incredibly good course!

[@farhanmendel]

Crash Course about different analytical chemistry techniques and methods would be cool!

[@sofbsilva]

You're about 5 days late. I had an exam about this on friday...

[@bidishadey3815]

🤣🤣🤣

[@sheepyboi4219]

Omg omg thankk youuuu. I have my Chemistry exam next week and this is something that is the hardest for me in unit one thanks so much!!

[@grahamrankin4725]

Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine will have almost identical MS and IR because they are diastereoisomers. Both can be used to make meth.

[@PavanKumar-xv1hg]

thank you ?

[@thebloxxer22]

You referenced Abby from NCIS in the beginning.

[@VintageBlacklist]

Abby is the best.

[@knate44]

Omg. Can't wait for the inevitable Crash Course Analytical chemistry!

[@christianandrews7764]

Was not expecting this but I’m liking the progression of this series! Looking forward to episode 6

[@timr8431]

I have a chem degree and this even helped me understand it a little better. Great video

[@UgoTemple]

Organic Chemistry is one of my favorite

[@Karajorma]

@vitali Mizrachi You're telling him what is his favourite?

[@RJ-nr8lh]

PLEASE BRING BACK CRASH COURSE LITERATURE. PLEASE WE LOVED THAT.

[@xpalin1980]

ABBY! I love abby from NISC she’s so cute :3

[@TriplaHHH]

Awesome :D Analytics gets often disregarded in chemistry-pop due to its complex backdrop. So thanks for the effort to lay this out somehow! Disregarding the instrumentation and datahandling though, the basic concepts of sample prep, separation and measurement in analysis are quite straightforward. Sounds like we are heading towards chromatography ;)

[@Darfanatior]

Crash Course is the coolest!

[@enobnala90]

This is the only part of Organic Chemistry that I able to absorb!

[@ShiwanaGhai]

I just love this channel .. their way of teaching along with case studies, various examples is just so awesome & practical.❤️👍🏻Keep it up guys !

[@mist2666]

on tiktok his name is hankgreen1

[@itstotallyezra]

We use spectrometry in archaeology !!!!!!!

[@kacibjordan]

That’s Abby from NCIS!!

[@techgirl4977]

am i the only one who thinks crash course should be subscribed to by everyone in the world

[@foodaddict17]

Love love love this! :D Explained so clearly

[@Veronica-wz8ow]

I love you guys

[@zarinawillows2347]

13:16 VERY SMALL Mystery ?!?!!? You call that small....

[@andeexists8716]

I wish I had these videos during A Level Chemistry lmaoooo

[@Ft888x]

Same!

[@zarahasan331]

lol I have a lab final for this tomorrow... wish me luck.

[@michelleelizabeth9956]

Wonderful videos and beautiful explanations , best of all. Thank you for sharing.

[@sceptre1067]

the ongoing use of purple triggers my youth watching Burke’s Connections in a good way. i feel old. 🤪

[@atomicxfox]

please make an in-depth video on IR and proton NMR graph interpretation!

[@dangriff12]

If you have any specific questions just message me.

[@geovannamartins2243]

Great video! Greetings from Brazil!

[@henryelicker2403]

I'm getting mixed signals from this video.

[@bakryabdelmonem2066]

Amazing you making me love chemistry even more

[@Greenmachine305]

It was a meth lab explosion. Got it.

[@sofia.eris.bauhaus]

no it was a pseudoephedrine lab smh

[@danieljohnson3024]

Someone had sinus congestion and couldn't smell the gas from when the pilot light went out.

[@maksimghyvoronsky5641]

sofia eris bauhaus You know pseudoephedrine is like one of the main ingredients in meth right? And since it was a LAB then yeah... what Bryan C. said

[@kai_taylor6550]

Love this i really needed to know this and its a great example thanks Crash Course Crew!!

[@amjadilham4174]

now i realize purple is actuallly dope

[@KillerTacos54]

Our SAC is next week haha. Thank you for going over all this stuff. I think what would've been really helpful would be going through the different reaction pathways as well as H-NMR and C-NMR (because that's in our SAC). Thankfully, IR Spectroscopy is in it and mass spec was going to be in it, but it got taken out as well as chirality and geometric isomers. This stuff was taken out of our study design (syllabus) because of COVID-19 and everything. Btw if anyone else does VCE in Victoria, Australia: hi :). After that, we're moving onto chromatography like HPLC, paper chromatography and stuff

[@dangriff12]

I need one on 2D NMR. It just looks like chicken pox and I have no idea what I am looking at. Any C13 NMR or DEPT 135 is fine though just message me any specifics.

[@katiefinch9414]

Boy I hope Starburns made it out ok

[@Ogiwon]

looks great! :)

[@dutchik5107]

I had an exam on this last week. I barely passed. Could've used it earlier 😓

[@johnstevens1020]

YAYYY Another video from crash course!!!!!

[@saurra3953]

Yay I was just reading this from Clayden!

[@LucyRockprincess]

excellent video

[@hogo21]

Ngl, I watched this just cause I saw Abby. Video is great though!!!

[@dangriff12]

30 minutes is a long time to get a spectra! Even after running a blank to clean out the mass spec ours takes 3.5 minutes per run. So 7 minutes for the first spectra and 3.5 minutes for each subsequent spectra. It's not like the machine was super expensive either I think $4K.

[@omsingharjit]

Awesome Brilliant great

[@honeybeewarrior5731]

Incredible science

[@gibranhenriquedesouza2843]

If I had known it would be so hard to find a job in physics, I would have done chemistry ...

[@jeffreypomeroy6173]

So how do you tell the difference between chiral molecules?

[@TriplaHHH]

Other techniques, like chiral column chromatography (i.e. pre-separation of chiral components, then detection with mass spec), or Raman spectroscopy (infrared-zone laser excitation. Raman optical activity experimentation is quite new, so I might make a mistake here). According to Wikipedia, there's also a possibility to apply kinetic resolution (i.e. react the isolated rasemic (both chiralities) mixture with a catalyst differentiated by the reaction rate.

[@memlafeder]

Why nobody tasted the white powder? It is easier and instant result. (go hollywood science!)

[@michaelmayhem350]

You should make an hours log video of you just reading from textsbooks for us to listen to (no video necessary but it's never a bad thing)

[@nicholasticali4623]

This stuff is really awesome and was really fun, but it also brings back really really bad memories 😂

[@papachoudhary5482]

Thanks

[@enitmarin6805]

Genial job.

[@kasualstudio7141]

Those 16 dislikes are Hollywood producers

[@Adenybaloi]

Yo, it's Abby

[@taefasiri6999]

please we need to translation to Arbec 🙂💔

[@Felixkeeg]

NMR best spectroscopy

[@samiebelal8700]

Dude I just finished ochem dangit

[@grad3us]

Please, I want CrashCourse Neurology! It would be really cool to understand the brain, just as it was cool to understand computer science.

[@finexjoshy9651]

The new app does not load and when the first screen had loaded it showed that there was some error. Then I tried again and it still did not load even after 20 minutes

[@Azlynnnnn]

I hope you teach HPLC before I need to use it 6 weeks :/

[@jv4779]

How do these processes deal with impure samples?

[@ImmieHands]

I'm currently working on my PhD in mass spec so probably alright to answer this. There are a couple of things we do to deal with impurities, firstly couple MS with some form of chromatography like GC or LC which separates out different compounds in a mixture based on their relative affinity for either the stationary or mobile phase, meaning different compounds enter the mass spec at different times. Along with that, if whatever you're studying is in a particularly dirty matrix, for instance I work with wastewater samples, you can perform various extraction techniques to remove the chemicals of interest from the sample matrix, leaving behind the impurities. Hope this helps!

[@kevinconrad6156]

Something makes me think that Dr. Chakravarti likes purple.

[@ArsalanKhan-ki3rx]

Where is didi sabrina cruz

[@antonyandrewson5803]

where was this when I was failing my a levels :'(

[@danteller8282]

I'm not entirely sure if I agree with the way you pronounce "cation", but that's a pretty common area of contention. If we lived anywhere near each other, I would totally use that as a premise to ask you out.

[@lokilaufeyson935]

I tried to be 1st and I failed. It think I’m about 3rd though 😊

[@mohamedgamaleldeen4315]

How do I review the approach of data structures and algorithms before I study software engineering course Thanks

[@sama7635]

im dumb

[@Synthetica9]

Is that tucos compound from bb?

[@Inadharion]

I spent the first minute coming to terms with your name. The rest of the video was obviously way above my head.

[@ChadWilson]

Purple!

[@DennisKanji254]

Spot on!!!

[@joaovitormatos8147]

Let's put a burning building on the thumbnail. What can go wrong?

[@zohaibhassan3786]

Please make videos on history of Pakistan and also on criminology

[@Vertigotrueshot]

what about an Anti-Mass Spectrometer.

[@Karajorma]

Well first you need to convert your lab to run on dark energy.

[@FINGERtipsandthewhispers]

Hey CrashCourse! Can you do an episode on racial fetishism? I think it's an important issue to understand, especially for BLM. Thank you!

[@TheBobbytables]

Anyone else here to rep Major Mass spec?

[@ciclope4x419]

I finally found that disturbing tiktok sound

[@uneditedvideos6492]

what is the "white powder"?

[@uneditedvideos6492]

it is that thing people like to comsume?

[@alexrossouw7702]

I still think it's a meth lab

[@emilysabory8558]

abbbyyyy