How Do Mushrooms Reproduce? or "Sterile Subs To Blow Your Mind"

This episode dedicay to the memory of Elle.
In this episode we use a sterile phenotype of P. subaeruginosa & possible hybrid between P. weraroa & P. subsecotioides to teach people who may not otherwise care just what "karyogamy" & "dikaryotic" mean.
These words pertain, of course, to how mushrooms have sex, and sex and genetic recombination are how new phenotypes (often confusingly referred to as "strains" by Psilo enthusiasts) emerge. This is also how evolution & natural selection produce new species over very long amounts of time.
Mushroom Reproduction can be utterly confusing & mysterious, but it is above all fascinating. Enjoy...
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Thanks, GFY.

[@jeffreyking9843]

It's illegal to "possess" psilocybe, but there's no law against getting on all fours and eating them straight out of the dirt. Like a deer

[@yagirlsfav6849]

Loophole 101😂

[@applegal3058]

Haha!

[@quillclock]

i want this on a shirt

[@getahanddown]

In NZ it is illegal to collect, consume, cultivate or possess. Luckily not many arrests though

[@yagirlsfav6849]

@@quillclock I’m boutta make a shirt like this lmfao smart ass mf idea

[@B30pt87]

"Wood Lovers Paralysis" My new excuse for why I've been staring at the night sky for hours.

[@user-ii1iy8fz1d]

❤😂

[@katthefantastic]

Indeed!!!

[@snuugumz]

….PSSSST…keep that shit on the down-low. Don’t wanna make that deer with no eyes feel left out…

[@necrophagus9]

Love every mycocentric episode! They're all fantastic but this reinforces my mushroom obsession. I have dozens of agar plates in various stages of colonization, one 32qt mono and seven shoeboxes 😂 all going at the moment. Can't get enough!

[@winstonsmith11]

Mycology is just fascinating. The diversity of species is remarkable.

[@greatestytcommentator]

The Oldest Creature on the planet.. also, the largest and most successful.

[@winstonsmith11]

@@greatestytcommentator Absolutely

[@frankmacleod2565]

350K subscribers, nice

[@hrdcpy]

How many are sterile subs?

[@mikaellindqvist5599]

​@@hrdcpyIm def not sterile but i have neen sterilizing alot of subs tho! 😂

[@frankmacleod2565]

@@hrdcpy 17.

[@frankmacleod2565]

@@mikaellindqvist5599 sterilizing substrate for mycelium inoculation? nice

[@toejamr1]

Gives me hope

[@truthtoad]

Great exploration! Human biowaste being beneficial in the production of slug food may be one of our top achievements of the century. Thanks for the condensed lesson in mushroom banging...I feel much more confident in bringing it up in conversation now.

[@sicko_the_ew]

The whole "mating compatibility" story was fascinating. First I've ever heard of this. It all makes perfect sense, finding ways to keep mutating so that the dice has rolled out enough variants for the next environmental change - to sort of anthropomorphise - or maybe "crayfishomorphise", which is more or less the same thing. Mycelia say hi; next thing there's a whole new kind of literal spawn available to be tried out by the weather and stuff. Thanks.

[@science_and_anonymous]

I may be a chemist, but I absolutely love your videos. All too often I look at natural products as the magnum opus of life, as the chemistry which drives life gives species their own individualistic properties on the external world. The fact alone that plants, fungi, bacteria, etc can produce chemicals over the course of millions of years of evolution that have very distinct properties in other organisms is fascinating to me. I love life, and watching your videos has given me a great sense of appreciation for all the species I never even knew existed!

[@technodrone313]

after watching most of your vids over the years i really have learned a hell of a lot about botany. Got me into growing peppers too :D

[@kingmetroplex]

Awsome documentation, thank I stopped removing many plants from my back yard and mow it without removing the clippings to continue the life in the yard thank you for bringing many of these vegetation s to light

[@Valkyrie9000]

I imagine the constant rain and humid climate makes it hard for spores to travel by air, no? Is that why they adapted to be eaten?

[@qutube100]

Best myco episode yet thanks cpbbd!

[@woofhound]

Can't help but think the slugs are trippin balls all day :)

[@gardengatesopen]

IKR! I was thinking the same thing! They LITERALLY have trippy slugs!

[@quillclock]

and in turn the birds are tripping. or maybe its a good defense mechanism.

[@gardengatesopen]

@@quillclock haaaa! 😆😆🤣 I didn't think about the BIRDS!!! OF COARSE!! 😵‍💫 The BIRDS!!! And all those night critters that sneak around eating the slugs in the dark! Haaa! Oh wait... 😳 What if the slugs metabolize the chemicals differently so the mushrooms aren't psychoactive in their bodies... ? Well... In that case... I guess NOBODY'S havin' any fun any time of day or night...

[@danharvey3096]

@@quillclock I mean it's possible, rhe NZ native Wood Pidgeon, Kekeru in Maori, likes to eat fermenting berries in the trees, & get litterally drunk. As in they sometimes fall off the tree branches, & in areas where houses are surrounded by Native bush where Wood Pidgeons hang about, they have been known to fly into the odd house haha! But they're prolific eaters of berries & shitters of seeds, so are important to the forest, they're really beautiful, & entertaining as fuck haha!

[@kfdugdsjksedokqdlfdnh2620]

Nah the slugs metabolism it different

[@andginisin]

literally wondered about mushroom banging the other day, great timing

[@loadapish]

I thought i had lost my mind last time... maybe it was too much

[@sirearlgrey2036]

I don't know why youtube is recommending these videos to me, but I'm loving them so far

[@ItsAV2023]

I love your videos! “What a cute little mushroom!” It’s fun to fun to hear your cool accent with all the species names! Keep putting up great content, and we will keep watching! Love from the Bay Area! ❤

[@OkellaWood]

Can we talk about why lawns got so prominent? Large land owners, way back, replaced all the crops on their land to show they didnt need to grow their own crops. Big money got wind and lawnmowers showed up and now we are here with land literally falling off, into the ocean. Dumb big money, Now we have people that cant eat and acres of land covered in grass.

[@yagirlsfav6849]

What I’m saying idk who tf in America thought a mowed lawn look beautiful like dumbass you killing nature you should be growing food there wtf. Now we brainwashed everyone to think mowed grass is “beautiful”

[@zhou_sei]

one slight positive of fertilized, sodded lawns... plenty of schedule i drugs are unsuspectingly manufactured by snooty homeowners (panaolus cinctulus, panaeolopsis)

[@yagirlsfav6849]

@@zhou_sei fax😂🥲👆🏽😂

[@f_youtubecensorshipf_nazis]

Doodle bugs eat slime mold like crazy once it get's to the spore stage. At leas the slime molds I have seen. I didn't think about it being a reproductive advantage somehow, thanks for giving me something to consider.

[@apek4ever2]

Loving these New Zealand Episodes

[@alicewright4322]

4:30 is it also possible that the species existed before widespread woodchip gardens, but that it occupied a very specific niche before gardeners provided these new habitats? I thought I heard that P cyanescens had been found on some species of pinecone, and it is assumed this was it's niche before it became widespread on woodchips in north america?

[@pj-vq3by]

This was a very good episode, nice work I've never had W.L.P from Northland P.subsecotioides, but i do get the WLP quite regularly from the sterile P.subaeruginosa, its not too bad with mild doses, but strong dose + WLP can be quite unpleasant.

[@rabidL3M0NS]

8:25 thought that said "NAZI" on his shirt for a good moment lmao

[@mynameisnotcory]

I couldnt get over it lmao 🤣

[@aaroncarter8845]

The last place I ever expected you to end up was my home town, digging around in the bark with us degenerates. Makes me miss home being stuck over here in London.

[@Biokemist-o3k]

Horticultural atrocities!!! Wow I love that. I am going to start using that....Thank you for such a cool term....

[@alexanderleuchte5132]

New Psilocybeland

[@alexperrin6783]

More power to ya, bro. Nice to see you spending time here in Aotearoa. Who needs the Galapagos Islands when you've got these diverse lands? Evolution rules

[@PureCoKayne]

The entire season has been interesting even with all the non-mushroom stuff (That UV on the tiny plant in the night holy shite), although I'm from here so /'shrug, bias. But I'm genuinely amazed by how many mushrooms you are finding. I mean, some patches - fair enough, but that shot of the other side of the road!? Weoww. Guessing that was a motorway offramp? lol

[@Gunjaroo]

Someone bred them unknowingly for sure. Same stem butts in a pot that fruited both types. That’s my uneducated guess.

[@mimszanadunstedt441]

12:00 Its like a village. Like you come into an area, ancestorally speaking. You come into an area of plenty, so no one is fighting. And others join. And because theres plenty, they get along and mix cultures. So if they be banging and banging does it, its because they made new friends. Same diet.

[@MUSTASCH1O]

Whilst the sensible part of my brain thinks the mycelium of the sterile fungus just happens to be vigorous as a genetic quirk, and that is why it has survived, I can't help but entertain the thought that the mycelium does in fact "sense" that it's fruiting bodies aren't producing spores, and so it is in a kind of unthinking "panic" state where it is aggressively consuming food as fast as it can, never mind the cost to it's long term survival, so that it can put out more fruits. A bit like how many flowering plants bloom more profusely if you dead head them, or like a drowning person grasping with all their might to break the water's surface.

[@juliettedemaso7588]

God dang you’re spitting the big hard facts about suburbs today. ❤

[@kalehart420]

hey man, have been checking out your post lately, i live out whangerei with a large native forest, and some self made woodchiped beds, i have been observing p. weraroa for a couple years now and have succsesfully grown p. suberiginosa and p. weraroa subsectiodes. come check them out if your keen

[@michellebarnhill5130]

I love mushrooms...so jealous, I would love to get spore prints. I bet you come across so many mushrooms not normally seen in North Carolina. Im in the process of putting in a hardwood chip bed for mushroom 🍄 propagation ❤❤

[@michellebarnhill5130]

Gorgeous Mushrooms 🍄😍

[@zhou_sei]

you guys MIGHT have some psilocybe cubensis down there, they go up more north than commonly believed. you certainly have panaeolus cinctulus, that species is everywhere. bet you might have p. ovoideocystidiata (riparian zones with lots of flood areas that let wood debris settle), probably p. caerulipes, almost certainly gymnopilus spp.

[@theodorelux]

hilarious episode! 😂💯

[@bretttobin9632]

Coming across your channel was the saviour of my mental health, 2023 woke world is not conducive to intelligent thought.

[@Ellis_Dee25]

Slugs and snails are after me - Ramones

[@zestoslife]

So weird seeing an area that one knows in youtube clips like this. When nearly all the time it is an unknown 'space'

[@isabeedemski3635]

Ive got a pair of brand new roller skates and you have the key!

[@greatestytcommentator]

They have that wibbly PacMan Ghost form.

[@Toddis]

My boy Joey with the straight dope 🙌

[@hamdog9703]

Go shrooming around Waikato University, please

[@grammy4195]

Please tell us which are poisonous, in case our children or pets eat them. You have a talent for teaching things, so new to me like mushrooms, in a way that I can understand them.

[@purplecloud2570]

Another great episode!

[@gardengatesopen]

I really like the Sexy Footpath !

[@CMZneu]

Great video! I grow gourmet mushrooms, i have researched a ton but can never find conclusive answers for this question, is mushroom SENESCENCE a real thing? particularly in basidiomycetes, like do they senesce or don't they, some people say they do and some say they don't, in my experience most gourmet mushrooms don't seem to, because i have expanded all of my strains for many years and they don't seem to slow down or loose any notable vigor, and i don't even cryo my strains, i just use the fridge and rarely go back to the "mother" culture unless i get contamination in my grain to grain transfers. I have a theory that most gourmet species don't experience it buy maybe psicodelic do, because with cubes and such i have read it's common practice to go back to spores after a few frutting cycles of a cloned strain and i feel this practice wouldn't exist if not necessary since each time you go to spore you are getting new genetics and potentially a less potent shroom. Any idea on who can i ask for a solid answer to this SENESCENCE question?

[@slvinaja9213]

Great question, often wondered the same

[@toejamr1]

If you come to Florida I can show you around some good mushroom spots. We have 5-6” across golden teachers and what we call “blue meanies” which are insanely potent. I leaned that the hard way when making tea for a house party. Nobody had a good time as they were all having ego deaths 😢😂

[@yagirlsfav6849]

😂😂😂that’s the point of em and I’m going to panama tmr sadly I don’t think there’s cow fields there😢

[@yagirlsfav6849]

Shrooms aren’t party drugs tho them mfs for fixing yo mental

[@zhou_sei]

@@yagirlsfav6849 if there are horse farms, i think panaeolus cyanescens or pan tropicalis might exist there... just a guess.

[@Sonoran.Stoner]

Amazing. I have 2 questions: do you guys “use” any of these foraged fungi? And are dried or fresh fungi more potent?

[@jameshatton4211]

Fresh are considered by rule of thumb about double the potency of dried? But in come cases like psilocybe cyanescens their initial potency consumed fresh can be like 16 times stronger and psilocybin content can drop to almost nothing (inactive) after just a few days? Regardless if you dried them using the right equipment/methodology that works for species like cubensis? Trust me if i could find a way to get cyans to keep potency it would be a game changer! Cyans have the highest active alkaloid profile of most known psilocybin mushrooms! The entourage effect is fucking real 100% those things ARE the most hectic psychedelic mushroom I've ever experienced! Electrifying is the only way I can describe the feeling? Like nothing else I've tried..... Hectic electrifying to add emphasis

[@zhou_sei]

don't just jump right into it... there are deadly woodlover look- alikes that can even grow in the same patch as psilocybe. positive identification takes a long time to integrate (i've seen it said, and agree with the whole 'study heavily for two years before going out in the field and collecting' sentiment... better to be safe than sorry).

[@napalmholocaust9093]

Urban environments are a novel place timescale wise. They have been recently recognized as a unique selective pressure causing unforseen changes. And it is really just the start.

[@mikeneidlinger8857]

I've eaten plenty o' mushrooms. Thanks for routing out New Zealand for us. I picked a few seasons in Washington State, USA. I found shrooms in Santa Cruz, California growing on cow pies, but there were two kinds and I didn't know which one tripped you. I've been sober 20 years and I cured my PTSD by taking very high doses. I don't have night terrors any more. The medicine works for a lifetime! I have an obsession with Pot Plants To grow up dance to rhythms And imprisoned for my decision I live in my cell in hell I bell bail on failed tell tale average I manage baggage handle crab legs Vandal scandalize with eyes on fly is high I might right roll reel in sight sore steal then Wield what ten men are afraid of Train blades but a dove I hawk on squawk talk a megadose Choke frozen for flows in the ice cream zone then I wrote being striped fielding mics up to ceilings heights The real thing is white with THC crystals I love when the bud sticks to you Like glue you can’t roll one true you hold gun In your palm wax like bomb I sealed the charm Heal all wounds through this list hiss on mushrooms I want to try other Psychedelics I fell from fits of night terrors I seem to have cured them A tear doesn’t drip I sip fluids Do it screw it on the head Medicine wed to pull it through the end I blend the recommended dose come close I broke my toes on the stub snub dub sacks Release the backs and fronts for stunts Once you try it you get to fly and hit Strike it rich a cinch Tight as clinch dice up mince Twice cut the defense is ice but My minds shut to Meth I deal in death

[@Tybold63]

Funghii are truly fascinating especially like that red Cruentomycena. And the "banging " of mushrooms are truly hard to grasp for a "normal" dude like me.

[@zhou_sei]

secotioid mushrooms are really cool to me. we have panaeolopsis in my area, and if a forager doesn't get to them first, they will soon find thet they've lost to MANY MANY maggots. i'd love to see some eastern u.s. stuff, the ohio river valley is the PNW of the northeast side of the states (especially psilocybe ovoideocystidiata, and even gymnopilus)

[@ab-kd3pn]

more of this stateside! loved it

[@sativaburns6705]

Currently growing a sporeless variety my self.

[@katthefantastic]

This amazing video had me trppin ballz! GFY You fantastic teacher of cool s**t!!!!🤘❤

[@MrEiht]

Order a Lion`s Mane kit NOW. Let it inspire you. You can grow wicked mushrooms later but first: Place your order. Experience the wonder.

[@dawie4853]

Good shit my guy

[@getahanddown]

These subs are my local actives. Good strength and broad range of effects.

[@timwhiting6721]

Ohio has several strains of powerful yum yum. Ovoids , caerulipe and possibly stunzii and liberty caps .

[@avryptickle]

I don’t know if you drew the “Troy’s Long Journey” t-shirt, but whoever did needs to read “The End Zone” by Don Delillo.

[@adamkimx]

I heard you mention California and Oakland, and I'm wondering if you still technically live in the area and/or if you'll be back at any point.

[@greatestytcommentator]

Grab a few big bags of that mulch.. drive up North and lay it onto the trees where Weraroa grow... see if they stick? I found Weraroa not far north of Wellington on the Western Beaches.

[@zestoslife]

Thanks for explaining fungi reproduction. I have been thinking about that for the last week or so, trying to figure it out. Since I assumed spores were 1/2 the genetic info. But then how did they get the other half. Now I know!

[@christianterrill3503]

Crazy how much these remind me of baeocystis

[@ZoneKei]

I learned a lot, thanks!

[@matthewwagner47]

These look really strong.

[@BOON2785]

Damn, fungi bang. Im gona start reading about other kinds of fungi and not just the psychedelic kind.

[@IrlamOz]

I know a patch of what i would call albino subs big wavey caps but only grow in this one location in south australia 🇦🇺 adelaide hills

[@yagirlsfav6849]

I wanna go to NZ😢

[@gwmkiwi]

Did pre European arrival Maori use mushrooms for recreational purposes?

[@LOVEisTHEultimateLAW]

That's Mr. Burns bear LMFAO

[@whitleyhood6241]

those sterile guys look a little like the azzy's out here in washington! killer content amigo

[@bluenine85]

with so many of the mushrooms growing in the undergrowth, are there species that specialize in growing in the treetops in the forks where there's more dirt & decay?

[@zhou_sei]

polypores, wood ear, jelly fungi, etc.

[@JamesGalipeau-h7i]

At 16:14 I am going to guess that the fruiting bodies are a distraction in order to protect the rhizomorphs.

[@TheBeardbeard]

Breeding all the fungi, not just the psychoactive ones is a cool idea. What if we bred all the fungi in such a way as to make them all psychoactive though?

[@jaredknapp8886]

the southern hemisphere has a nice psilocybin spore bank. i wonder what the history of distribution of psychoactive fungi in the area is like, and how its been impacted by the anthropocene.

[@zhou_sei]

there used to be the florida mycological research center, (fmrc)... they don't seem to be around, or maybe just don't offer spores anymore... they were also quite knowledgeable about amanita muscaria. which bank do you mean?

[@olafelsberry420]

How is Kiwi county treating you? My grandpa was a biologist for California Fish and Game, he taught all his grandchildren about science.

[@WhitneyWasson]

Totally sober from da drugs (all varieties) and da booze but still love seeing shit like this. They just grow! In the wild! What!!!

[@Biokemist-o3k]

That first mushroom looks like Psilocybe Baeocystis....

[@CatFish107]

How can you tell it's a damp climate? Psilocybes evwrywhere.

[@ravosavo]

There are a few mushrooms that can produce fruit from haploid mycelia. Uninuclear fruiters include Armillaria gallica. Definitely the exception and not the rule.

[@headsmash10]

Auricularia are certainly NOT ascomycetes

[@boinger1988]

Love the content brother. Cheers from the hellhole known as Chicago!

[@GeorgiaGrowGuy]

watch @23:42

[@TheReggaesauce]

Dude you should start an alt channel for these amazing myco videos you’re doing, ‘Mycology Pays But Botany Doesn’t’ 😄

[@SaElements369]

come to south oz if ya want to see some hectic phenos of subs

[@1Gnomon]

Would mating types be like music chords?

[@ericdoe2318]

16:51 yep, 😊

[@Grateful.For.Everything]

Lol, yeah I was happy to hear that as well. If only I knew someone who had some spores…..

[@Grateful.For.Everything]

🤔 well spores are a no go so guess it would have to be a plated transfer

[@ericdoe2318]

@@Grateful.For.Everything yep 👍 it’s got to be a fun monotub

[@gs_weiss]

So mushrooms mate like Zoul, Gatekeepers and Key Masters. Got it.

[@dhaktizero4406]

5gisd with those sterile subs must be quite heroic even for a big person it will be over 1mg/kg too bad we can't give kilindi his usual with that

[@christianhunt7382]

Hopefully when I die I'm reborn as a slug in New Zealand

[@GregoryMcBride-qf7hx]

Are all subiruginosa cyanensis?

[@deerdy1315]

Could the woodlovers paralysis come from slug residue

[@redbear4027]

Trippin' Snails...😂

[@eventsbeyondme]

wood lovers paralasys sounds very similar to what happens to cows that eat too many mesquite beans. I wonder if its related.

[@DavidRexGlenn]

Any chance of getting a spore print?

[@jonathangehman4005]

Somebody took a lichen to da sexy footpath. Nice. Who could blame 'em, ya' know?

[@TheBeardbeard]

Why did they name this town after a bad play?

[@cmpe43]

I'd buy the GFY hat!

[@64Pete]

Cruentomycena viscidocruenta #chefskiss

[@AlyxGlide]

I wouldn't see why the sterile mushroom wouldn't evolve sporulation given the chance

[@elcomodo1]

Yo