HPGR hard rock tertiary crushing also occurs at the Cadia East copper gold mine in Orange, NSW for Newcrest mining. This HPGR was installed commissioned in 2011/12 and sits possibly between Boddington and Tropicana as far as timeline. The HPGR at Cadia East was designed to have 'edge recycle' of 0-40% of the crushed ore. The changes for the Cadia East mine created a bonus of lower energy consumption (with HPGR technology) and a improved throughput of 20 Mtpa. It was reported in 2015 the mine was actually achieving 23 Mtpa with these improvements. The message is HPGR in hard rock mining is a clear winner.