Dating - the Radiocarbon Way

[@ritwikdutta_rd]

This is what I was looking for when I was searching for the method for carbon dating. There are so many videos that tell us what is carbon dating but never tell us what's the method. Thank you GNS Science for this wonderful video.

[@tomhatherford3283]

I realized I have done so many calculations and bs on radiocarbon dating in school but never knew how it was actually measured hahaha

[@danielzaharick6652]

It makes you wonder why that is. I experienced the same problem.

[@smalltimetraveller0412]

At the beginning she said the carbon dating is just “simple”, and i almost believed in her word. After watching all of the complex steps,i conclude that was her definition of the word“simple”😸

[@brucewinningham4959]

I am sure it would be "simple" to her since she has probably been involved with Radiocarbon Dating so much.

[@abxx9006]

The best video I found on this topic.

[@GNSscience]

Thanks!

[@sainandamonkar9064]

Indeed

[@GeovaniLopesDias]

I'm brazilian physics and chemistry teacher and I'm so thankful you'd made this video. It elucidate the topic and the process very well; thanks for the subtitles as well, they'll be able to read autotranslate subtitles in our language. Thank you so much!

[@sciencenerd7639]

Wow, I love this. Not only did you explain the concept, but you talked about specific aspects of the lab techniques. Absolutely amazing, great video.

[@bhuvaneshsatam4614]

First time in my life I thoroughly understood the process of carbon dating method. Thanks for a detailed practical information...

[@TekCroach]

Really the most excellent video showing the real lab equipment too. In text books and almost every tutorial (text or video), you are told that carbon 12 to 14 ratio is calculated, but not told how. The whole process is theoretically very simple indeed, but it's so subtle and precise in real design. Thank you.

[@mr.president2957]

what a nice explaination!!

[@californiaisland5537]

Exactly what I am looking for, Thank you 🙏

[@bharatecon]

Great, only video on youtube which satiates my curiosity. Thanx.

[@stevecytfme]

I found this extremely fascinating and informative. I really wish I had studied more in school and perhaps went into chemistry. Oh life is full of regrets unfortunately. If I had only done this, if I had only done that. Man I wish my life had gone differently. I wish I had made better choices when I was young. I know I could have done better if I had just applied myself. Pay attention all you slackers!!

[@ashishupadhyay5643]

Fun fact : mostly seekers will find this video 😄😄 Thank you ☺️ from India 🇮🇳 This is very knowledgeable video 👍👌

[@HopeScreen]

now i realized how easy we took it in class by solving t= ln2/lambda

[@papabillychannel]

We badly needed this kind of method here in the Philippines for the case of "Jovelyn Galleno" who is found 3 weeks after the missing date but they found the victim was fully skeletonized, no smell, no flesh left on the bones. So sad :(

[@myehlaesoul]

hindi rin pwede and carbon dating sa bagong decayed materials. .100-50,000 yrs old kc ang effective dating range ng carbon 14 dating. .

[@brucewinningham4959]

A Forensic Anthropologist prefers Skeletonized Remains where a Forensic Medical Examiner prefers the Flesh). The Forensic Anthropologist will finish Skeletonizing the Remains if and when he/she Receives Remains only Partially Skeletonized. FWIW, I am a Retired Mortician.

[@kasseemabdoul6399]

Thank you very much . I truly understood your explanation way better .

[@kenwolgemuth1789]

I am so glad that this was posted, because it's a correct description of radiocarbon dating. Ken Wolgemuth, geochemist

[@whoisharo4689]

Those machines are fascinating. Imagine how long it took to discover those through trial and error.

[@蝶影尘埃]

Thank you for making and posting this video! This answers the reason why I was looking at carbon dating! I was hoping we could carbon date earthwares, but unfortunately, we cannot.

[@CarlosDuarte2007]

This video is a treasure!

[@rickmerino2097]

Having you for professor would learning so much easier to understand the class

[@Father-Son7]

nice and i gain knowledge .. thankyou

[@cooperjudson5807]

This is a really well made video, especially considering it was uploaded 11 years ago

[@stanleyphilippe]

This is how it should be explained. Amazing

[@nazmuldipu]

Best explanation on KZbin

[@vishva8kumara]

If you are to wash it with "organic" solvents, wouldn't it be more contaminated with newer carbon..?

[@jakubkocak887]

If I understand correctly, most (if not all) organic solvents are produced from compounds from oil. Oil is sooooo old (much much older than 50k years) that it doesn't contain any carbon 14, because all of it decayed.

[@raeesrana1835]

GREAT WORK BY GREAT MINDS AND NOW I AM GONNA IMPRESS MY OFFICE PARTY WITH THIS C14 PHENOMENON

[@y3llowdog]

My professor recommended this video, Oregon State all the way.

[@nehasehrawat1025]

Best explanation on the internet of carbon dating and lucid explanation.

[@brucewinningham4959]

An Excellent, Interesting & informative video! A few questions arise based on averages. 1) How long does the dating process take from start to finish please? 2) How expensive is it to do the dating? 3) Does the answers to numbers 1 & 2 above depend on the types of material being tested? 4) What if the material had never Lived, thus is completely Inorganuc, can Radiocarbon Dating still be used? 5) The Pretty Lady said "Geologic materials (such as Stones & Minerals) CANNOT be Radiocarbon Dated." Can other Scientific Dating Methods be used? 6) Does your Company's Labs do contract Radiocarbon Dating for outsiders like myself? THANK YOU Very Much, I have enjoyed your video. ~~Bruce Winningham ~~

[@Excalibur32]

Thanks for the informative video!

[@diky_mahardikan]

Our very wide thanks go to the leadership GNS Science Mrs.Cris Prior for explaining how radiocarbon dating is and the process for knowing if a creature ever lived. at the minute 2: 40 Mrs.Cris explained that the date is limited to the age of 50,000, and I found something in this Arabic script that has something in common تعرج الملئكة والروح اليه فى يوم كان مقداره خمسين الف سنة Thanks Mrs.Cris Prior God Bless You, stay healthy forever.

[@marceloribeirosimoes8959]

Then, the calibration process is according to many possible variants, and the main goal is to make the client happy. Wow.

[@atiadjt]

Wow I don't know that radiocarbon dating is this complicated! Hopefully the Philippines would open a radiocarbon lab in the future 😁

[@patrickhowden1601]

Very very interesting. Just two questions. If Carbon Dating only goes back 50,000 years how do we know how old Dinasours are. Also, you said this is only for things that where once alive, but science tells us how old rocks are, millions and billion of years old. It would be interesting to know how. Thanks.

[@BOREDANDWELLBORED]

Stop asking questions, just obey and trust "the experts" they're smarter than you, they have millions of dollars and PhD, you don't, so stop asking questions and learn to walk on faith, not by sight, obey, believe, trust the science, trust the experts.

[@patrickhowden1601]

@@BOREDANDWELLBORED If you are serious, there's no hope for you. I this is sarcasm which I'm hoping it is, great comment👍

[@keyboardheroism]

They make assumptions. They carbon dated a rock that formed in the 1980 Mt. St Helens eruption. Carbon dating found it to be millions of years old. It was a known age of 30 years old.. flawed. There is an error of 96% on average with the assumptions used to calculate the volume of Carbon-14 in the specimen. They compare current levels of c-14 in the atmosphere to the amount of c-14 present in the specimen.. It is bad science to assume atmospheric c-14 concentrations has been constant for 4.8 billion years.. It has been hypothesized that earth's carbon-14 absorption and decay rate in the atmosphere has yet to reach equilibrium. The assumptions used are based on incorrect or flawed data sets.

[@marceloribeirosimoes8959]

At 1:40 minute, how to know how much carbon 14 that sample had when it was alive, and how to know the variations it could be pass in thru...?

[@jagathkegallage7552]

Good video කාබන් පරික්ෂණය 14 thank you from SRI LANKA 🇱🇰🌷🌷🌷🙏 jagathkegallage 2019 12 06 Friday

[@Lobselvith]

@GNS Science thanks for the video, I was wondering if you know any info about how the scientist that invented Radiocarbon dating found this form of dating? and what dating technique was used before its invention? thanks again.

[@happydays2300]

But the atmosphere of the earth has not reached equilibrium.

[@AsmaTariq-o6s]

Wow!!! I need to have many videos likewise this one on different topics of 9 chemistry 😊

[@tluangachhangte2334]

I find it so interesting, thank you for the video

[@allanedson7613]

awesome explanation

[@MostPowerfulPMofIndia]

Thanks for the video

[@Dooshanche]

First they take the dinglebop, and they smooth it out with a bunch of schleem. The schleem is then repurposed for later batches. They take the dinglebop and push it through the krumbo, where the fleeb is rubbed against it. It's important that the fleeb is rubbed ...

[@therealgingerbeardman]

@Zaruho Well yeah, because the transfer from Krumbo to Fleeb is what produces the Snorgons. Without Snorgons, it’s just a waste of dinglebop and schleem. I hope this helps!

[@punithaselvam2090]

It was really amazing. Can I know whether radiocarbon dating can be done in sediment samples and shells of micro organims?

[@GoesUnpunishDeity]

Calender calibration what from 365 day to a 364 day year at Bce?

[@hglundahl]

8:36 And calibration means, the original amount was not always exactly 100 pmC, it fluctuated. For instance, on the Cambridge calibration from the nineties, made by dendro as check, the calendar years 750 to 450 BC mostly give about the carbon age 550 BC. Or, if you prefer, 2550 carbon years, or if you count backwards from 1950, 2500 carbon years. When 750 BC carbon dates as 550 BC, we have more C14 in original ratio than 100 pmC, and when 450 BC carbon dates as 550 BC, we have less. Back when it happened, the ratio in the atmosphere would have gone from 102.449 to 98.798 pmC. When I claim an original ratio of 43 pmC for lower layer of Göbekli Tepe, I am doing same thing, except I use Biblical history rather than dendrochronology as check.

[@ThomasKundera]

While you are correct that ¹³ ratio fluctuated, the variation is not that huge and, as you correctly pointed out, can be corrected by tables, mainly from dendrochronology. Which makes it accurate to a few percent down to about 40.000BC.

[@hglundahl]

@@ThomasKundera You are over optimistic about dendrochronology. Much of the dendro is circular, the pieces of wood selected for comparison were so selected due to similar carbon dates (for instance) and they are so much fewer and so less big that the connexions get less and less certitude. It's a bit like the other lignine based chronology, books (papyrus and paper are lignine) ... you can get vastly more detail and more certainty for 19th C AD US than for 19th C BC Egypt. So also with dendro. Therefore, my comment still stands.

[@gissie391]

Then how do you get idea fossils are millions of years old relative to geological environment. And density with sinking floating how does this work.

[@swamp1138]

There's a few ways but the easiest to explain is they simply use isotopes with a longer half-life. Some but not all include Uranium-235, Uranium-238, Potassium-40. Because fossils are found in sedimentary rocks and the organic material has been replaced by minerals, fossils themselves are rock. The isotopes I listed earlier are not present in these rocks. They are however found in Igneous rocks. So what you can do is bracket the sedimentary layers. Essentially date the igneous rocks that are found below the sedimentary layer and date those that are on top of the sedimentary layer. In a hypothetical scenario, if you date the bottom igneous rock and find it to be 70 million years old, then date the top and it's 65 million years old, then you know that the sedimentary layer is from the Cretaceous Period and any dinosaur fossil or any fossil for that matter in the sedimentary layer is from the Cretaceous. You can also use relative dating, for instance T-Rex fossils have only ever been found in Cretaceous rock, so if you were to stumble upon a T-Rex fossil, you know right off the bat that you're looking at Cretaceous Rock.

[@samanelectronics]

thank you! nice explane

[@abhishekpatel4110]

What a great video thank u for making this video

[@Linnochi]

Wow!!! Just looking at the machine needed for this process makes my head hurt with the intelligence behind the engineering of it. Chemistry I don't even try to understand anymore 😅

[@KasunKapuwatta]

Thank you ! 🙏💐💐💐

[@TocshiiTV]

Thanks a lot! Very informative 😊

[@deaftodd]

Don't forget to mention Wilard Libby's credit.

[@andrewthomas4636]

Did anyone catch that radio carbon dating only works at a max of 50k years?

[@andrewthomas4636]

@@marcosolo6491 But they were dating dinos with radio carbon before either of those methods . . . So, how?

[@andrewthomas4636]

@@marcosolo6491 carbon dating was developed in 1905 and is the first form of radiometric dating. The other forms came later.

[@thewaytruthandlife]

Interesting to see how it is practically done as a chemist this has my interest as well. what is the average pricing for analyzing a sample in this way (a rough number is fine with me, just to get an impression)

[@BOREDANDWELLBORED]

$15,000 and no refund if they get the age results wrong, you have to sign a paper that says you won't get your money back if they incorrectly got the age results wrong. Give them a bone belonging to a 10yo roasted pig and tell them to do the testing in front of you, not behind closed doors, and the test result of the bone will be 30,000 years old 😂

[@MumblingMickey]

8 people 'disliked' this vid? what sort of 'dislike' could one have?...its just a woman showing how to measure separate quantities of carbon c13 to c14 in someones textiles they might buy? what is there to to dislike here? they don';t like the woman? they don't like carbon? wtf? some people are just weird...

[@davethomas2089]

Im seeing some comments with regard to perceived mistakes in her process. Maybe that's why?

[@AB-mh6nj]

Hi! Super video : I have a question; where did you get the calibration curve? In the final graphic... 🙏🏻 thanks

[@GNSscience]

Calibration curves give the relationship between the radiocarbon content in a sample (radiocarbon age) and the calendar age of the sample. The calibration curve is constructed by measuring the radiocarbon content of materials for which the age is known independently. Tree rings are the most commonly used, since the tree rings can be counted to determine the calendar age, and then measured to determine the radiocarbon age. We use the internationally agreed upon calibration curves, which are currently IntCal13 (northern hemisphere), SHCal13 (southern hemisphere) and Marine13 (marine samples). Note that they are due to be updated and revised this year (2019) or next. The calibration curves can be obtained from: calib.org/ This website also allows you to calibrate any radiocarbon age yourself, online.

[@andrewthomas4636]

@@GNSscience How do you date things older than trees? Isn't the oldest tree like 3k years old?

[@janhorak8024]

@@andrewthomas4636 The dendrochronological curves cover much longer time span as the curves from specific trees can overlap - so the curve (for specific tree species and usually also for specific region) is built from many overlapping sub-curves from individual trees. This way, you can go as much to the past as you get the right trees (subfossil trees from sediments, trees used in constructions and so on).

[@andrewthomas4636]

@@janhorak8024 ok, but how do we get 100k years or more of we use a comparison of trees to get recent dates?

[@lewismaker895]

Quite a bit of work to do on one sample. I found some bone fragments and one was a piece of jaw that had some teeth still there. My dentist said that it was of a small woman who had to have chewed a lot of hide to soften it up as the molars were really worn down. I reburied them in a safer place next to where I had found them. But recently I found a fragment from her joint that I missed. So I wonder how old are her bones? So how much would you charge me to satisfy my quiorisity?

[@jujuflyer]

Hi there, Here is where you can find information about getting a sample measured: www.gns.cri.nz/Home/Services/Laboratories-Facilities/Rafter-Radiocarbon-Laboratory Cheers

[@noobsaibot5285]

Get any dinosaur bones or coal samples sent in for testing?

[@andrewthomas4636]

Did you catch that she said they can only date up to 50k years with assumption of half life of carbon? 2:40

[@noobsaibot5285]

@@andrewthomas4636 My point here is that C14 is regularly found in these supposedly prehistoric samples. The problem with the dating method is that conditions for preservation are highly variable in the real world and not usually known. For instance, a textile is a man made object that is stored under generally known conditions. On the other hand, measurable amounts of C14 can be found in samples of coal and fossils. Coal can also be manufactured in weeks and measured to be thousands of years old. I am not saying theory is wrong, just limited in it's application

[@andrewthomas4636]

@@noobsaibot5285 Agreed, not a good long term dating method. Maybe even less than 2k years

[@vmelkon]

Is that an ordinary thermos? By ordinary, I mean the ones you can buy at stores, that are double walled glass with some reduced pressure between the walls.

[@ErandNatsa]

please help, RadioCarbon can use in Andesite Stone (Borobudur temple) ??

[@OscarGuillermoc]

Thanks

[@ADITYAKUMAR-qe7po]

Can you please name the chemical applied to the sample preventing it from c14 exposure of surrounding and contamination before ongoing series of organic solvent washing ?

[@larryshulman8845]

great video

[@alexanderyang8720]

How do you know how much c14 there should've been if it's so long ago?

[@hglundahl]

1:38 _"we know how much should have been in the sample when it was alive"_ For samples where the carbon age can be cross checked with historic age, and by extension, for samples with same carbon age, even without the cross check - yes. How about the rest of the cases? We find 25 pmC - did the sample breathe two halflives ago, or did it breathe approx. one halflife ago in an atmosphere having approx. 50 pmC? I happen to think the latter, how would you prove me wrong?

[@hglundahl]

1:46 While the equation can be simplified, the full version involves taking into account an original 100 pmC as starting point. 25 pmC only corresponds to "decay by two halflives" (0.5 * 0.5 = 0.25) if original ratio was 100 pmC.

[@marian28605]

Thank u

[@hglundahl]

3:03 I am noting : the reason why one cannot carbon date things that are beyond 57 000 years old is, after that you have only 0.0009765625 "of the original amount" left, and that cannot be accurately measured. What you mean is 0.09765625 pmC is too small amount to accurately measure. I agree. The thing is, when fossils not fully permineralised have been dated to 35 000 years ago, the amount remaining has obviously been above 0.09765625 pmC, since with a date of 35 000 years ago we have a remaining amount or ratio of 1.45 pmC, which _can_ be accurately measured.

[@saadullah5527]

Thanks ❤️

[@BitOfBoth]

How did they figure out the half life of the carbon? and on that note how in the world they figured out the half life of potassium-40 being 1.3 billion years?

[@GSpotter63]

Part 2) The very fact that any c14 at all is found even in the samples or "machine blanks" that are supposedly millions of years old is an indication that something is not right with the measuring system. Either the measuring system is flawed or the samples as well as the machine blanks are not millions of years old.

[@leoneyssymon4299]

What is a decay?

[@LadyOnikara]

One thing to dislike is the audio quality. I can't even hear the stupid thing. Computer is all the way up on sound too.

[@hglundahl]

8:11 Didn't you mean carbon 14 to carbon 12?

[@MumblingMickey]

Thres something up with your PC or tablet... fine on my laptop, fine on my desktop, fine on my phone and fine on my ipad... those are the only devices in my living room... but If I were you I'd download new drivers for my pc sound card....

[@joebarniak]

Can someone explain the term half life? it doesn't mean half the life of the object, correct?

[@mohamedsallak8999]

First half life when 50% of all C14 decayed to N14... second half life when half the remaining 50% of C14 has decayed.... an so on

[@leoneyssymon4299]

Is the amount of time taken of the activity of the radioactivite substance reduces to half

[@hglundahl]

1:56 On this part, all of my criticism of carbon dates conflicting with the Bible grants (usually, not Turin shroud) full confidence to the labs. You say the sample has c. 25 pmC, I grant it has c. 25 pmC.

[@hglundahl]

Like, charcoal from Göbekli Tepe, lowest layer carbon dated to 9600 BC, upper to 8600 BC = 11,600 to 10,600 years ago, and two halflives (which should give 25 pmC exactly) is close to the lower layer, 11460 years ago being closer to 11600 than to 10600 years ago. As 11460 years ago is not an actual age, in Biblical chronology, I posit, what is dated like this breathed an atmosphere with less C14. Like 42-43 pmC for lower charcoal layer and 48-49 pmC for the upper one. That gives each sample exactly as many extra years when it started out, as a sample having 42 - 49 pmC now would be dated to years ago. The equation remains the same, even if the way it is implemented in real time isn't (obviously, sth carbon dated 2000 years ago cannot be 1000 years old, since there we have good cross checks with historical dates of objects).

[@vmelkon]

@MumblingMickey I'm seeing 8 likes, 0 dislikes

[@TalkSteer]

Okay, so I can't carbon date at home

[@GSpotter63]

The 3 isotopes c12, c13, and c14 can be separated by magnetic deflection due to their difference in mass and then sent to different detectors for counting and to calculate the ratios. Why is it that a sample with exceedingly few c14 atoms ( like in the case of a sample that is believed to be 100 million + years old) cannot be counted?

[@victorsoliman5078]

Why the team leader entered the lab without coat and safety glasses.

[@raliixaviero4674]

Victor Soliman it’s an accelerator not a reaction laboratory

[@VC-dx4tl]

She's beautiful .

[@philliplockhart9643]

All that and it doesnt work. We think its an antique though.

[@mauriceupton1474]

Assuming C14 in atomsphere is constant and earth C14 is at equilibrium?

[@jeveuxlesoleil]

So your analogy is flawed. The decay is a half life, not a whole life; a better analogy is you have 1 cookie and each day you take half of what you had the day before. 2nd day would have half a cookie, then a quarter, then eighth etc but if you were able to split those halves on an atomic level you could do so forever.

[@ticoreeves5920]

TKEEO903! Wuts hatninin?!?!?!

[@JohnSmith-bx4gf]

Piece of cake

[@sayainsights]

Quill

[@ricardodavidson326]

It is impossible to understand age of anything with this just think about it. Let's not mention how many errors was demonstrated.

[@rekhramdhruw8780]

all just imagination

[@jamesherron9969]

First assumption is the carbon 14 levels in the atmosphere have always been consistent. We have no proof of that since it depends on Nitrogen in the atmosphere I’ve always been consistent second assumption all levels are constant in living animals. These are two very large assumptions. If either one of these are some scissor incorrect, the dating system does not work?

[@ChickenNuggetManCNM]

Nobody assumes that carbon 14 has been constant. In fact, one of the most crucial elements of carbon 14 dating is basing results on past carbon 14 concentrations, which are calculated through trees. Also, while I am still a Christian, I am no longer a young earth creationist, and I think that if you really researched the claims of answers in genesis and realized how dishonest they can be, you may have a change of mind as well.

[@n8mail76]

It would be great if you would explain how air, 70% nitrogen is converted to carbon in the atmosphere by the sun's radiation. Then explain how we know this and what tools we use the know this.

[@ParkerLanierMusic]

I never knew how much time went into dating an object. Way more steps than I thought. Also, a lot of processes are in place to assure that as much of the information and data received is accurate and valid. Very informative video!

[@classica1fungus]

No kidding lol jeez

[@BOREDANDWELLBORED]

It's fake. It doesn't work. I've been challenging them for years and they ALWAYS back out. Collect new rocks from Mt Saint Helen which is no more than 40 years old and mix it up with rocks that are supposedly much older and these testings won't be able to tell apart which one is the young one. If they say it don't work with rocks, then give them a bone belonging to a roasted pig and tell them to test it in front of you, and I guarantee the pig bone result will be 30,000 years old 😂

[@Marcel-e8o]

20 Creationists didn't like that video. ;)

[@moeahmad2118]

Great video, however, I thought that to determine the radiocarbon age you would compare the ratio of C-12 to C-14. Not C-14 to C-13 like you said. Or does it not matter because C-12 and C-13 are both constant?? @GNS Science

[@ai_facts_24]

Super live experiment

[@mingdawang]

Thanks, this is for research scientists, not just popular science video.

[@davidhill8163]

many thanks really enjoyed this.

[@alexandruS85]

so, you use a theory to break-up the truth... I'm courious how you take out from that ecuation the industrial activity world impact of last 200 years! And i wanna ask if someone since 1940 till now have realy make a real date experiment to check if this bulls..t is true ;)

[@kai6424]

Ya what’s wrong is there is the nukes we set off and all the fossil fuels have now made it impossible to date anything in the 20th century and beyond. I would think the variable will still apply to the past from the not so little things we call volcanoes and super volcanoes that would all throw the carbon off.

[@bepositive7691]

Nice

[@GSpotter63]

Part 1) If I give you a cookie jar with 100 cookies in it and I take out one cookie a day, and you then look in the jar on day 10, you would find 90 cookies in the jar. On day 99 there would be one cookie in the jar. On day 101 + there may be NO cookies in the jar. The bottom line is, if the half life of c14 is 5730 years +- 16, then by 174.52 half lives or 1,000,000 years there would be NO c14 left in the sample to detect. How can there be any error if there is nothing to detect?

[@BOREDANDWELLBORED]

You're thinking too much. Just trust the experts and stop asking questions. Believe what your told.