Dating - the Radiocarbon Way

[@ritwikdutta_rd]

This is what I was looking for when I was searching for the method for carbon dating. There are so many videos that tell us what is carbon dating but never tell us what's the method. Thank you GNS Science for this wonderful video.

[@tomhatherford3283]

I realized I have done so many calculations and bs on radiocarbon dating in school but never knew how it was actually measured hahaha

[@danielzaharick6652]

It makes you wonder why that is. I experienced the same problem.

[@smalltimetraveller0412]

At the beginning she said the carbon dating is just “simple”, and i almost believed in her word. After watching all of the complex steps,i conclude that was her definition of the word“simple”😸

[@brucewinningham4959]

I am sure it would be "simple" to her since she has probably been involved with Radiocarbon Dating so much.

[@GeovaniLopesDias]

I'm brazilian physics and chemistry teacher and I'm so thankful you'd made this video. It elucidate the topic and the process very well; thanks for the subtitles as well, they'll be able to read autotranslate subtitles in our language. Thank you so much!

[@abxx9006]

The best video I found on this topic.

[@GNSscience]

Thanks!

[@sainandamonkar9064]

Indeed

[@sciencenerd7639]

Wow, I love this. Not only did you explain the concept, but you talked about specific aspects of the lab techniques. Absolutely amazing, great video.

[@ParkerLanierMusic]

I never knew how much time went into dating an object. Way more steps than I thought. Also, a lot of processes are in place to assure that as much of the information and data received is accurate and valid. Very informative video!

[@classica1fungus]

No kidding lol jeez

[@BOREDANDWELLBORED]

It's fake. It doesn't work. I've been challenging them for years and they ALWAYS back out. Collect new rocks from Mt Saint Helen which is no more than 40 years old and mix it up with rocks that are supposedly much older and these testings won't be able to tell apart which one is the young one. If they say it don't work with rocks, then give them a bone belonging to a roasted pig and tell them to test it in front of you, and I guarantee the pig bone result will be 30,000 years old 😂

[@bhuvaneshsatam4614]

First time in my life I thoroughly understood the process of carbon dating method. Thanks for a detailed practical information...

[@TekCroach]

Really the most excellent video showing the real lab equipment too. In text books and almost every tutorial (text or video), you are told that carbon 12 to 14 ratio is calculated, but not told how. The whole process is theoretically very simple indeed, but it's so subtle and precise in real design. Thank you.

[@Excalibur32]

Thanks for the informative video!

[@californiaisland5537]

Exactly what I am looking for, Thank you 🙏

[@marceloribeirosimoes8959]

At 1:40 minute, how to know how much carbon 14 that sample had when it was alive, and how to know the variations it could be pass in thru...?

[@kenwolgemuth1789]

I am so glad that this was posted, because it's a correct description of radiocarbon dating. Ken Wolgemuth, geochemist

[@whoisharo4689]

Those machines are fascinating. Imagine how long it took to discover those through trial and error.

[@bharatecon]

Great, only video on youtube which satiates my curiosity. Thanx.

[@Marcel-e8o]

How much efforts we put in that stuff, only to clear the age of things. Fascinating

[@mr.president2957]

what a nice explaination!!

[@MuhammadQasim-qy5tx]

Very interesting and use ful information and defined so easily

[@t.e.1189]

As remarkable as it is that science can actually do this, can you please do a video on the problems, limitations and issues associated with radiocarbon dating? There doesn't seem to be much information on this that is readily available. No test is perfect.

[@AnkitKumarSingh-e9d]

it's such a shame how today the technology has advanced and we still till date don't have a hd clear video of this marvelous process

[@papabillychannel]

We badly needed this kind of method here in the Philippines for the case of "Jovelyn Galleno" who is found 3 weeks after the missing date but they found the victim was fully skeletonized, no smell, no flesh left on the bones. So sad :(

[@myehlaesoul]

hindi rin pwede and carbon dating sa bagong decayed materials. .100-50,000 yrs old kc ang effective dating range ng carbon 14 dating. .

[@brucewinningham4959]

A Forensic Anthropologist prefers Skeletonized Remains where a Forensic Medical Examiner prefers the Flesh). The Forensic Anthropologist will finish Skeletonizing the Remains if and when he/she Receives Remains only Partially Skeletonized. FWIW, I am a Retired Mortician.

[@cooperjudson5807]

This is a really well made video, especially considering it was uploaded 11 years ago

[@mingdawang]

Thanks, this is for research scientists, not just popular science video.

[@HopeScreen]

now i realized how easy we took it in class by solving t= ln2/lambda

[@brucewinningham4959]

An Excellent, Interesting & informative video! A few questions arise based on averages. 1) How long does the dating process take from start to finish please? 2) How expensive is it to do the dating? 3) Does the answers to numbers 1 & 2 above depend on the types of material being tested? 4) What if the material had never Lived, thus is completely Inorganuc, can Radiocarbon Dating still be used? 5) The Pretty Lady said "Geologic materials (such as Stones & Minerals) CANNOT be Radiocarbon Dated." Can other Scientific Dating Methods be used? 6) Does your Company's Labs do contract Radiocarbon Dating for outsiders like myself? THANK YOU Very Much, I have enjoyed your video. ~~Bruce Winningham ~~

[@stevecytfme]

I found this extremely fascinating and informative. I really wish I had studied more in school and perhaps went into chemistry. Oh life is full of regrets unfortunately. If I had only done this, if I had only done that. Man I wish my life had gone differently. I wish I had made better choices when I was young. I know I could have done better if I had just applied myself. Pay attention all you slackers!!

[@kasseemabdoul6399]

Thank you very much . I truly understood your explanation way better .

[@punithaselvam2090]

It was really amazing. Can I know whether radiocarbon dating can be done in sediment samples and shells of micro organims?

[@CarlosDuarte2007]

This video is a treasure!

[@GoesUnpunishDeity]

Calender calibration what from 365 day to a 364 day year at Bce?

[@蝶影尘埃]

Thank you for making and posting this video! This answers the reason why I was looking at carbon dating! I was hoping we could carbon date earthwares, but unfortunately, we cannot.

[@moeahmad2118]

Great video, however, I thought that to determine the radiocarbon age you would compare the ratio of C-12 to C-14. Not C-14 to C-13 like you said. Or does it not matter because C-12 and C-13 are both constant?? @GNS Science

[@rickmerino2097]

Having you for professor would learning so much easier to understand the class

[@davidhill8163]

many thanks really enjoyed this.

[@ashishupadhyay5643]

Fun fact : mostly seekers will find this video 😄😄 Thank you ☺️ from India 🇮🇳 This is very knowledgeable video 👍👌

[@thewaytruthandlife]

3:00 that is true ONLY if one takes very small samples. IF however one takes bigger samples the more C14 it would contain and thus the more C14 can be measured. So its also a sample quantity issue. And there must be techniques available/possible that can concentrate the amount of C14 and before measuring it.

[@KevinChantal]

Ah a bible believer wants to disprove scientists

[@thewaytruthandlife]

@@KevinChantal No a bible believing messianic christian scientist who wants to disprove some parts of science ...and in particlular only the false parts !

[@geo745don]

@@KevinChantal a Transgender wants to Disprove Real Science,

[@nazmuldipu]

Best explanation on KZbin

[@marceloribeirosimoes8959]

Then, the calibration process is according to many possible variants, and the main goal is to make the client happy. Wow.

[@atiadjt]

Wow I don't know that radiocarbon dating is this complicated! Hopefully the Philippines would open a radiocarbon lab in the future 😁

[@hglundahl]

8:36 And calibration means, the original amount was not always exactly 100 pmC, it fluctuated. For instance, on the Cambridge calibration from the nineties, made by dendro as check, the calendar years 750 to 450 BC mostly give about the carbon age 550 BC. Or, if you prefer, 2550 carbon years, or if you count backwards from 1950, 2500 carbon years. When 750 BC carbon dates as 550 BC, we have more C14 in original ratio than 100 pmC, and when 450 BC carbon dates as 550 BC, we have less. Back when it happened, the ratio in the atmosphere would have gone from 102.449 to 98.798 pmC. When I claim an original ratio of 43 pmC for lower layer of Göbekli Tepe, I am doing same thing, except I use Biblical history rather than dendrochronology as check.

[@ThomasKundera]

While you are correct that ¹³ ratio fluctuated, the variation is not that huge and, as you correctly pointed out, can be corrected by tables, mainly from dendrochronology. Which makes it accurate to a few percent down to about 40.000BC.

[@hglundahl]

@@ThomasKundera You are over optimistic about dendrochronology. Much of the dendro is circular, the pieces of wood selected for comparison were so selected due to similar carbon dates (for instance) and they are so much fewer and so less big that the connexions get less and less certitude. It's a bit like the other lignine based chronology, books (papyrus and paper are lignine) ... you can get vastly more detail and more certainty for 19th C AD US than for 19th C BC Egypt. So also with dendro. Therefore, my comment still stands.

[@joel5372]

Great explanation... thanks very much...

[@vishva8kumara]

If you are to wash it with "organic" solvents, wouldn't it be more contaminated with newer carbon..?

[@jakubkocak887]

If I understand correctly, most (if not all) organic solvents are produced from compounds from oil. Oil is sooooo old (much much older than 50k years) that it doesn't contain any carbon 14, because all of it decayed.

[@stanleyphilippe]

This is how it should be explained. Amazing

[@Lobselvith]

@GNS Science thanks for the video, I was wondering if you know any info about how the scientist that invented Radiocarbon dating found this form of dating? and what dating technique was used before its invention? thanks again.

[@ADITYAKUMAR-qe7po]

Can you please name the chemical applied to the sample preventing it from c14 exposure of surrounding and contamination before ongoing series of organic solvent washing ?

[@ErandNatsa]

please help, RadioCarbon can use in Andesite Stone (Borobudur temple) ??

[@patrickhowden1601]

Very very interesting. Just two questions. If Carbon Dating only goes back 50,000 years how do we know how old Dinasours are. Also, you said this is only for things that where once alive, but science tells us how old rocks are, millions and billion of years old. It would be interesting to know how. Thanks.

[@BOREDANDWELLBORED]

Stop asking questions, just obey and trust "the experts" they're smarter than you, they have millions of dollars and PhD, you don't, so stop asking questions and learn to walk on faith, not by sight, obey, believe, trust the science, trust the experts.

[@patrickhowden1601]

@@BOREDANDWELLBORED If you are serious, there's no hope for you. I this is sarcasm which I'm hoping it is, great comment👍

[@keyboardheroism]

They make assumptions. They carbon dated a rock that formed in the 1980 Mt. St Helens eruption. Carbon dating found it to be millions of years old. It was a known age of 30 years old.. flawed. There is an error of 96% on average with the assumptions used to calculate the volume of Carbon-14 in the specimen. They compare current levels of c-14 in the atmosphere to the amount of c-14 present in the specimen.. It is bad science to assume atmospheric c-14 concentrations has been constant for 4.8 billion years.. It has been hypothesized that earth's carbon-14 absorption and decay rate in the atmosphere has yet to reach equilibrium. The assumptions used are based on incorrect or flawed data sets.

[@lewismaker895]

Quite a bit of work to do on one sample. I found some bone fragments and one was a piece of jaw that had some teeth still there. My dentist said that it was of a small woman who had to have chewed a lot of hide to soften it up as the molars were really worn down. I reburied them in a safer place next to where I had found them. But recently I found a fragment from her joint that I missed. So I wonder how old are her bones? So how much would you charge me to satisfy my quiorisity?

[@jujuflyer]

Hi there, Here is where you can find information about getting a sample measured: www.gns.cri.nz/Home/Services/Laboratories-Facilities/Rafter-Radiocarbon-Laboratory Cheers

[@nehasehrawat1025]

Best explanation on the internet of carbon dating and lucid explanation.

[@raeesrana1835]

GREAT WORK BY GREAT MINDS AND NOW I AM GONNA IMPRESS MY OFFICE PARTY WITH THIS C14 PHENOMENON

[@EsseJD]

Totally cool. Thanks 😊

[@Father-Son7]

nice and i gain knowledge .. thankyou

[@jeveuxlesoleil]

We don't find C14 in machine blanks. To date things older than 100kybp we generally use K-Ar dating not C-14 due to the differential rate of decay… the half life of K is substantially longer. That said the decay is a logarithm and therefore a function of an exponent (x=log10(A0/An)/log10(2)) and therefore you will never truly have a sample with no C14 (divide 1/2, then .5/2, then .25/2 etc). You will however have a sample with so little C14 that it cannot be measured.

[@thewaytruthandlife]

Interesting to see how it is practically done as a chemist this has my interest as well. what is the average pricing for analyzing a sample in this way (a rough number is fine with me, just to get an impression)

[@BOREDANDWELLBORED]

$15,000 and no refund if they get the age results wrong, you have to sign a paper that says you won't get your money back if they incorrectly got the age results wrong. Give them a bone belonging to a 10yo roasted pig and tell them to do the testing in front of you, not behind closed doors, and the test result of the bone will be 30,000 years old 😂

[@AsmaTariq-o6s]

Wow!!! I need to have many videos likewise this one on different topics of 9 chemistry 😊

[@diky_mahardikan]

Our very wide thanks go to the leadership GNS Science Mrs.Cris Prior for explaining how radiocarbon dating is and the process for knowing if a creature ever lived. at the minute 2: 40 Mrs.Cris explained that the date is limited to the age of 50,000, and I found something in this Arabic script that has something in common تعرج الملئكة والروح اليه فى يوم كان مقداره خمسين الف سنة Thanks Mrs.Cris Prior God Bless You, stay healthy forever.

[@abhishekpatel4110]

What a great video thank u for making this video

[@hglundahl]

1:38 _"we know how much should have been in the sample when it was alive"_ For samples where the carbon age can be cross checked with historic age, and by extension, for samples with same carbon age, even without the cross check - yes. How about the rest of the cases? We find 25 pmC - did the sample breathe two halflives ago, or did it breathe approx. one halflife ago in an atmosphere having approx. 50 pmC? I happen to think the latter, how would you prove me wrong?

[@hglundahl]

1:46 While the equation can be simplified, the full version involves taking into account an original 100 pmC as starting point. 25 pmC only corresponds to "decay by two halflives" (0.5 * 0.5 = 0.25) if original ratio was 100 pmC.

[@tluangachhangte2334]

I find it so interesting, thank you for the video

[@jenbaran]

Great video I totally understand now.

[@ArshdeepSingh-rc3mf]

This what i was looking for thanks a lot this information.

[@y3llowdog]

My professor recommended this video, Oregon State all the way.

[@AB-mh6nj]

Hi! Super video : I have a question; where did you get the calibration curve? In the final graphic... 🙏🏻 thanks

[@GNSscience]

Calibration curves give the relationship between the radiocarbon content in a sample (radiocarbon age) and the calendar age of the sample. The calibration curve is constructed by measuring the radiocarbon content of materials for which the age is known independently. Tree rings are the most commonly used, since the tree rings can be counted to determine the calendar age, and then measured to determine the radiocarbon age. We use the internationally agreed upon calibration curves, which are currently IntCal13 (northern hemisphere), SHCal13 (southern hemisphere) and Marine13 (marine samples). Note that they are due to be updated and revised this year (2019) or next. The calibration curves can be obtained from: calib.org/ This website also allows you to calibrate any radiocarbon age yourself, online.

[@andrewthomas4636]

@@GNSscience How do you date things older than trees? Isn't the oldest tree like 3k years old?

[@janhorak8024]

@@andrewthomas4636 The dendrochronological curves cover much longer time span as the curves from specific trees can overlap - so the curve (for specific tree species and usually also for specific region) is built from many overlapping sub-curves from individual trees. This way, you can go as much to the past as you get the right trees (subfossil trees from sediments, trees used in constructions and so on).

[@andrewthomas4636]

@@janhorak8024 ok, but how do we get 100k years or more of we use a comparison of trees to get recent dates?

[@Dooshanche]

First they take the dinglebop, and they smooth it out with a bunch of schleem. The schleem is then repurposed for later batches. They take the dinglebop and push it through the krumbo, where the fleeb is rubbed against it. It's important that the fleeb is rubbed ...

[@therealgingerbeardman]

@Zaruho Well yeah, because the transfer from Krumbo to Fleeb is what produces the Snorgons. Without Snorgons, it’s just a waste of dinglebop and schleem. I hope this helps!

[@KasunKapuwatta]

Thank you ! 🙏💐💐💐

[@jagathkegallage7552]

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[@enbybunny6827]

Thank you so much, I was finding this

[@andrewthomas4636]

Did anyone catch that radio carbon dating only works at a max of 50k years?

[@andrewthomas4636]

@@marcosolo6491 But they were dating dinos with radio carbon before either of those methods . . . So, how?

[@andrewthomas4636]

@@marcosolo6491 carbon dating was developed in 1905 and is the first form of radiometric dating. The other forms came later.

[@allanedson7613]

awesome explanation

[@MostPowerfulPMofIndia]

Thanks for the video

[@gissie391]

Then how do you get idea fossils are millions of years old relative to geological environment. And density with sinking floating how does this work.

[@swamp1138]

There's a few ways but the easiest to explain is they simply use isotopes with a longer half-life. Some but not all include Uranium-235, Uranium-238, Potassium-40. Because fossils are found in sedimentary rocks and the organic material has been replaced by minerals, fossils themselves are rock. The isotopes I listed earlier are not present in these rocks. They are however found in Igneous rocks. So what you can do is bracket the sedimentary layers. Essentially date the igneous rocks that are found below the sedimentary layer and date those that are on top of the sedimentary layer. In a hypothetical scenario, if you date the bottom igneous rock and find it to be 70 million years old, then date the top and it's 65 million years old, then you know that the sedimentary layer is from the Cretaceous Period and any dinosaur fossil or any fossil for that matter in the sedimentary layer is from the Cretaceous. You can also use relative dating, for instance T-Rex fossils have only ever been found in Cretaceous rock, so if you were to stumble upon a T-Rex fossil, you know right off the bat that you're looking at Cretaceous Rock.

[@zklmnopqrstwxz525]

It's my first time to watch a Scientists detailed explanation

[@TocshiiTV]

Thanks a lot! Very informative 😊

[@vmelkon]

Is that an ordinary thermos? By ordinary, I mean the ones you can buy at stores, that are double walled glass with some reduced pressure between the walls.

[@hglundahl]

3:03 I am noting : the reason why one cannot carbon date things that are beyond 57 000 years old is, after that you have only 0.0009765625 "of the original amount" left, and that cannot be accurately measured. What you mean is 0.09765625 pmC is too small amount to accurately measure. I agree. The thing is, when fossils not fully permineralised have been dated to 35 000 years ago, the amount remaining has obviously been above 0.09765625 pmC, since with a date of 35 000 years ago we have a remaining amount or ratio of 1.45 pmC, which _can_ be accurately measured.

[@alexanderyang8720]

How do you know how much c14 there should've been if it's so long ago?

[@leoneyssymon4299]

What is a decay?

[@samanelectronics]

thank you! nice explane

[@Linnochi]

Wow!!! Just looking at the machine needed for this process makes my head hurt with the intelligence behind the engineering of it. Chemistry I don't even try to understand anymore 😅

[@ebsss100]

I appreciate this

[@mundanmishra4929]

Can you please explain the procedure to calculate the chronological age of a living being without harming him or her, accurately

[@hglundahl]

8:11 Didn't you mean carbon 14 to carbon 12?

[@ai_facts_24]

Super live experiment

[@theglobalman8731]

Thank you very much

[@deaftodd]

Don't forget to mention Wilard Libby's credit.

[@saadullah5527]

Thanks ❤️

[@MumblingMickey]

8 people 'disliked' this vid? what sort of 'dislike' could one have?...its just a woman showing how to measure separate quantities of carbon c13 to c14 in someones textiles they might buy? what is there to to dislike here? they don';t like the woman? they don't like carbon? wtf? some people are just weird...

[@davethomas2089]

Im seeing some comments with regard to perceived mistakes in her process. Maybe that's why?

[@GSpotter63]

Part 1) If I give you a cookie jar with 100 cookies in it and I take out one cookie a day, and you then look in the jar on day 10, you would find 90 cookies in the jar. On day 99 there would be one cookie in the jar. On day 101 + there may be NO cookies in the jar. The bottom line is, if the half life of c14 is 5730 years +- 16, then by 174.52 half lives or 1,000,000 years there would be NO c14 left in the sample to detect. How can there be any error if there is nothing to detect?

[@BOREDANDWELLBORED]

You're thinking too much. Just trust the experts and stop asking questions. Believe what your told.

[@larryshulman8845]

great video

[@guitarfliud10]

I’m so jealous of those clamps. We got them ghetto clanky ones, but those look so cool lol

[@joebarniak]

Can someone explain the term half life? it doesn't mean half the life of the object, correct?

[@mohamedsallak8999]

First half life when 50% of all C14 decayed to N14... second half life when half the remaining 50% of C14 has decayed.... an so on

[@leoneyssymon4299]

Is the amount of time taken of the activity of the radioactivite substance reduces to half

[@happydays2300]

But the atmosphere of the earth has not reached equilibrium.

[@hglundahl]

1:56 On this part, all of my criticism of carbon dates conflicting with the Bible grants (usually, not Turin shroud) full confidence to the labs. You say the sample has c. 25 pmC, I grant it has c. 25 pmC.

[@hglundahl]

Like, charcoal from Göbekli Tepe, lowest layer carbon dated to 9600 BC, upper to 8600 BC = 11,600 to 10,600 years ago, and two halflives (which should give 25 pmC exactly) is close to the lower layer, 11460 years ago being closer to 11600 than to 10600 years ago. As 11460 years ago is not an actual age, in Biblical chronology, I posit, what is dated like this breathed an atmosphere with less C14. Like 42-43 pmC for lower charcoal layer and 48-49 pmC for the upper one. That gives each sample exactly as many extra years when it started out, as a sample having 42 - 49 pmC now would be dated to years ago. The equation remains the same, even if the way it is implemented in real time isn't (obviously, sth carbon dated 2000 years ago cannot be 1000 years old, since there we have good cross checks with historical dates of objects).

[@noobsaibot5285]

Get any dinosaur bones or coal samples sent in for testing?

[@andrewthomas4636]

Did you catch that she said they can only date up to 50k years with assumption of half life of carbon? 2:40

[@noobsaibot5285]

@@andrewthomas4636 My point here is that C14 is regularly found in these supposedly prehistoric samples. The problem with the dating method is that conditions for preservation are highly variable in the real world and not usually known. For instance, a textile is a man made object that is stored under generally known conditions. On the other hand, measurable amounts of C14 can be found in samples of coal and fossils. Coal can also be manufactured in weeks and measured to be thousands of years old. I am not saying theory is wrong, just limited in it's application

[@andrewthomas4636]

@@noobsaibot5285 Agreed, not a good long term dating method. Maybe even less than 2k years

[@LadyOnikara]

One thing to dislike is the audio quality. I can't even hear the stupid thing. Computer is all the way up on sound too.

[@johnaugsburger6192]

Thanks

[@savagewon4471]

How do you know how much C-14 should have been there at the beginning?

[@BitOfBoth]

How did they figure out the half life of the carbon? and on that note how in the world they figured out the half life of potassium-40 being 1.3 billion years?

[@eddiethatvoguy7901]

Simple. You can observe the process of going through a half-life. Once they have percentage that has gone through the process over a certain amount of time. Then you use math to determine the full half life. Hope that helps

[@marian28605]

Thank u

[@VaxtorT]

Why did you not disclose that Carbon14 dating is very inaccurate beyond 1400 bce?

[@ThomasKundera]

As it's not the case. It's accurate for things not older than 40.000 years, about.

[@GSpotter63]

Part 2) The very fact that any c14 at all is found even in the samples or "machine blanks" that are supposedly millions of years old is an indication that something is not right with the measuring system. Either the measuring system is flawed or the samples as well as the machine blanks are not millions of years old.

[@mauriceupton1474]

Assuming C14 in atomsphere is constant and earth C14 is at equilibrium?