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Enable Captions! Dementia is a syndrome due to a brain disease, usually of a chronic or progressive nature, in which there is involvement of numerous superior cortical functions, such as memory, thought, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning ability, language and judgment. The syndrome often is not accompanied by a disturbance of consciousness. The impairment of cognitive functions is usually accompanied and is sometimes preceded by a deterioration of emotional control, social behavior or motivation. The syndrome occurs in Alzheimer's disease, in cerebrovascular diseases and in other conditions that affect the brain in a primary or secondary way. (ICD).