Developmental and Stress-induced Programmed Cell Death (PCD) in Plants

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Programmed cell death (PCD) or apoptosis is a genetically programmed cellular process and a crucial component of development and defence mechanisms . A true caspase (cysteine-dependent asparate-specific proteases) system is lacking in plants. PCD plays significant role during development, structure formation, or removing unwanted tissues in plants and animals. PCD also acts as a defense mechanism of an organism
Programmed cell death (PCD) is the process in which the cell(s) voluntarily commit suicide on several occasions among which the most prominent reasons are morphogenic or developmental changes and stress responses.
In plants, the process of true apoptosis is absent but has a similar kind of programmed cell death termed apoptotic like programmed cell death (AL-PCD). The general similarities between apoptosis and AL-PCD include
cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, mitochondrial permeabilization and depolarization, cytochrome c release, vacuole leakage and fusion with plasmalemma. However, unlike animal cells, In plant cells, the content of dead cells remains in the cell itself and there is no membrane blabbing and the process of phagocytosis is also absent.