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Comparing Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) Vs Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) [CBT vs DBT]
Not all mental illnesses respond to treatment in the same way. A therapy technique that works well for depression and anxiety can exacerbate eating disorders or personality disorders.
CBT has been shown to be incredibly effective when treating depression, and is more likely to make depression go into remission than other types of therapy. This method of therapy has also been proven beneficial in treating anxiety, as it gives patients control over their recovery. CBT has also been shown to help with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), phobias, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and sleeping issues.
DBT was created to help those diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. DBT focuses on helping people change their behavior patterns, as opposed to trying to think or talk through the issues they are struggling with. This type of CBT helps those who have developed patterns of intense emotional reactions and impulsive behaviors in response to what patients describe as overwhelming feelings of pain and rejection - the feeling of walking through a world filled with knives. DBT often is the most effective therapy for those who struggle with self-harm behaviors like cutting and chronic suicidal ideation. Sexual trauma survivors also respond well to DBT techniques
CBT is based on the idea that our thoughts and behaviors influence our feelings, so changing the way we think about and react to situations will help us feel better. However, standard CBT isn’t effective in treating all mental illnesses. Another common type of therapy is called Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). DBT is a more specific form of CBT that focuses on helping people who tend to have extreme emotional reactions interact with the environment around them in a less emotional, healthier way.
CBT focuses on how your thoughts, feelings and behavior influence each other. While DBT does work on these things, emphasis is given more towards regulating emotions, being mindful, and learning to accept pain. CBT seeks to give patients the ability to recognize when their thoughts might become troublesome, and gives them techniques to redirect those thoughts. DBT helps patients find ways to accept themselves, feel safe, and manage their emotions to help regulate potentially destructive or harmful behaviors.
Clients who engage in DBT therapy participate in DBT skills training sessions that are typically taught in a group setting in four modules. Most patients also meet weekly with a DBT therapist or DBT coach and receive DBT phone coaching as needed when they need help the most. Sometimes, once patients are able to use DBT skills to regulate their emotions, practice mindfulness, and improve relationships with others, they are able to transition to more standard CBT groups to address specific negative thought patterns or recurring harmful behaviors.
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) originally developed to treat women with a history of chronic suicidal behavior who meet the criteria for borderline
personality disorder (M Linehan, 1993). According to Marsha Linehan, Standard DBT includes multiple modes of treatment, including weekly individual therapy, weekly group skills training, and as-needed phone coaching to address skill and motivational problems common in people diagnosed with BPD.
The original manualized DBT program consists of four group skills training modules
a) Group skill training of mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness, emotion regulation, and distress tolerance modules,
b) individual counseling,
c) telephone crisis coaching, and
d) a therapist consultation team
The DBT components became popular because it address skills deficits (via group skills training modules and phone coaching), in addition to issues related to motivation for change through individual therapy.
Typically, DBT skills training aims to teach skills to reduce dysfunctional behavior and facilitate the adoption of new behavioral, emotional, and thinking patterns through (but not exclusively delivered in) a group format(Linehan, 1993).
Four modules address skills deficits associated with BPD:
(a) core mindfulness skills center on ways to strategically deploy attentional control;
(b) emotion regulation skills teach clients to identify and influence emotions elicited by the
environment;
(c) interpersonal effectiveness skills help clients to learn to respond effectively to
interpersonal demands and conflicts; and
(d) distress tolerance skills teach clients to identify crisis situations and experience strong negative emotions while inhibiting dysfunctional behaviors that could serve to make the situation worse (Linehan, 1993)