Did They All Speak The Same Language In Ancient Greece?

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SOURCES AND FURTHER READING
Greek Language: www.greeka.com/greece-culture...
History Of The Greek Language: www.greekboston.com/culture/m...
Greek City-States: www.nationalgeographic.org/en...
What Did Greek City-States Have In Common?: lisbdnet.com/what-did-greek-c...
Ancient Greek Dialects: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient...
Did All Ancient Greek City-States Speak The Same Language?: www.quora.com/Did-all-ancient...
Greek Language Question: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_l...
Katharevousa vs. Demotiki: nicholasrossis.me/2014/11/21/...
Varieties Of Modern greek: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varieti...
The Last Speaker Of Ancient Sparta: www.bbc.com/travel/article/20...

[@NameExplain]

If you’re watching from Greece, let me know what your closest ancient city state is!

[@averagebalkanian4402]

i live in athens lmao

[@leonidasspyrou2368]

Iolkos

[@ilias8972]

Aegae/Aigai in Macedonia

[@neopoulpa]

The closest ancient city from me is Abdera in Thrace.

[@averageyoutubeuser9995]

lindos

[@neutralpeace647]

Macedonians were speaking Ancient Greek. Not Bulgarian.

[@clasqm]

You missed two Greek dialects spoken in Italy today: Griko and Grecanico (aka Calabrian Greek). Both are pretty endangered, but they still exist. Yevanic, a Jewish Greek dialect, is pretty much extinct by now, but it held on into the 21st century. Then there are Mariupol and Pontic Greek in the Ukraine and beyond, and Himariote in Albania. Whether all of those are dialects or separate languages we'll leave to the Greek-speakers to decide.

[@atreast.4331]

Dialects of course.

[@Basil-HD]

Languages are dialects with a state with an army.

[@yiannisroubos8846]

I speak fluent Greek.The Greek spoken in Athens. Griko and Calabrian Greek are pretty much dead, I don’t think anyone alive speaks it fluently and if they do they are over 80. I’ve heard old people speak it on videos and I can’t understand at all but reading it isn’t too challenging. The Ukrainian Greek language is also extremely endangered with no young speakers. That is the dialect called Pontian which is no longer spoken by young people and will die very soon. Modern Greek and Pontian are not mutually intelligible. I can also read this language without too much difficulty. The Greek spoken in southern Albania is extremely similar to the stuff in Athens. As far as I am aware, the language is strong there and isn’t facing issues.

[@albioncala]

The greek minority in southern albania are attic immigrants from the ottoman times.

[@albioncala]

@έτερος εγω None. It's the truth.

[@konstantinkousandreas6420]

The ionic dialect was not named after the ionian islands, but ionia which was a region in modern smyrna(izmir)

[@nikosbampounis4957]

Exactly. They were also pronounced differently in Ancient Greek. Ionia had a long o, while the Ionian Sea had a short o.

[@wakeno.6047]

@@nikosbampounis4957 exactly the difference between ω and o

[@Kolious_Thrace]

The English-writing confusion. In Hellenic it’s very simple! Ιόνιο (πέλαγος) = Iónio pelago(open sea) Ιωνία = Ionia /the area of Smyrna in Minor Asia That’s why I’m Hellenic we have many o and many i Ο and Ω

[@phoenixresurrection]

Από τον Ιών τον ήρωα και μετά ονομάστηκε Ιονία και η μικρά Ασία

[@JinnDante]

@@nikosbampounis4957 hence the ΙΩΝΙΑ and ΙΟΝΙΑ

[@ecurewitz]

Greece could be considered unified and independent under the Byzantine Empire, while technically Roman, they were culturally and linguistically Greek

[@nikosbampounis4957]

Linguistically yes. On the aspect of culture, I think it's the mainly the other way around: Greek speakers became culturally Byzantine at the time.

[@jeannebouwman1970]

The romans tried to make the greeks roman but the greeks just said no u

[@andreguimaraes4355]

@@nikosbampounis4957 it is kinda ironic that the Romans tried to copy Greek culture during the republic and then the eastern Roman empire tried to "romanize" Greece

[@velvetcroc9827]

Ancient Greek as well as Roman culture had much in common with each other (called Greco-Roman for a reason) but both had little to do with Byzantine culture (called medieval for a reason). True Greco-Romans don't worship Jews on sticks. They are contemptuous of death, they don't seek salvation in it. They strive to be better than others, they don't dream of communal bliss.

[@jeannebouwman1970]

@@velvetcroc9827 so byzantines are not roman/greek because christianity? you do realize the roman empire was christian from about 350 ac?

[@justalaborer713]

It's a little odd you didn't include the southern Italian peninsula and Sicily as parts of ancient Greece. The ancient Greeks did because they shared a culture and language.

[@gigasigma8373]

greeks didnt rule all of south italy, they only ruled calabria, apulia was illyrian.

[@00fgytduydrtu]

and herritage.

[@danirey425]

Perhaps he's speaking of the mother cities/states and not the colonies, like those in Italy and the black sea.

[@esti-od1mz]

@@gigasigma8373 false. Few tribes in Apulia were illirians. And Apulia had greek cities. The greeks were also in Sicily and Campania.

[@gigasigma8373]

@@esti-od1mz only taranto was greek. The rest was illyrian.

[@cornmono3665]

3:50 Aeschylus, in his play Agamemnon, has Kasandra say the phrase: Ἕλλην’ ἐπίσταμαι φάτιν “I know the Greek language.” That’s just one way of referring to it.

[@georgios_5342]

6:43 this map is flawed, Macedonia also had a Doric Greek dialect

[@mcds6307]

Indeed. I've seen the map circulating around a lot and it's really outdated. All linguits nowadays agree that ancient Macedonian was Doric with Aeolic influences.

[@kirianamavroudi184]

I'm from Cyprus, an independent country with a Greek culture and the Greek language as it's official language. We have a separate dialect called Cypriot, which has some common features with the ancient Greek dialects and the cretian dialect. It is a common joke that we understand the Greeks but they don't understand us!

[@1.611.]

Ελληνίδα είσαι.

[@georgiosdoumas2446]

Εϊναι θέμα συνήθειας, δλδ εσύ όταν επισκεφτείς την Αθήνα στα 18 σου πχ, θα καταλαβαίνεις εύκολα ότι λέει ένας Αθηναίος, ή κάποιος άλλους που έχει μεγαλώσει σε μεγαλουπόλεις και έχει την απλή προφορά που έχουμε συνηθίσει απο τις ειδήσεις , απο τις Ελληνικές ταινίες κλπ, αλλά εαν πας σε ορεινό χωριό της Ηπείρου ή της Κρήτης θα δυσκολευτείς να καταλάβεις, θα χρειαστεί μερικές μέρες να συνηθίσεις την προφορά και τις λίγες διαφορετικές λέξεις. Εγώ όταν έκανα παρέα μα Κυπρίους φοιτητές στα Ιωνάννινα την δεκαετία του 90, μετά απο λίγες εβδομάδες τους καταλάβαινα πολύ καλά , είχα συνηθίσει και τις ελαφρές γραμματικές και συντακτικές διαφορές που είχαν σε σχέση με τα καθιερωμένα Ελληνικά. Αλλά παρόμοιες διαφορές υπάρχουν και στην ομιλία πολλών άλλων νησιωτών. Πάντως δεν είναι δύσκολο και την πρώτη φορά που θα ακούσεις έναν να λέει "είπες του ?", να καταλάβεις οτι ρωτάει "του το είπες?", αυτά είναι απλά πράγματα. Μου άρεσε πάντως να ακούω τα Κυπριόπουλα να μιλάνε, μερικές φορές τώρα βλέπω στο ΡΙΚ Κυρπιακές σειρές που η δράση διαδραματίζεται πχ στις αρχές του 20 αιώνα, σε σωριά, μόνο και μόνο για να ακούω την ομιλια.

[@zinonathanasiadis8569]

When I irked in Cyprus I noticed at the beginning that many Cypriots changed the way they spoke, especially people from eastern Cyprus, so I could understand. Fast forward 1 year, I heard some words that still puzzle me to this day, for example πελεκάνος (I was told it means carpenter).

[@olbiomoiros]

Cypriot Greek didn’t develop from Ancient Greek. It developed from medieval Greek. Just like Cretan Greek, Pontic Greek, péloponnésien Greek.

[@christosntavas6069]

Ρε συ κουμπάρα αν μιλάς αργά σε καταλαβαίνουμε και εμείς , η ταχύτητα του λόγου σας είναι που δυσκολεύει το πρωτάκουσμα.

[@georgios_5342]

8:17 no, again. Ionic isn't named after the Ionian islands, in fact Ionic and Ionian are two completely unrelated words in Greek. Ιωνικός=Ionic, Ιόνια Νησιά=Ionian islands. Ιωνία, the region of Ionia, is essentially the central part of the Anatolian Coast, centered around Smyrna and the Panionion League.

[@judelarive1131]

They're not unrelated, it's just that they distinguished adjectives that apply to people and places and adjectives that apply to things and concepts

[@guybrushthreepwood1227]

Τα Ιόνια νησιά, η Ιωνία, ο Βόσπορος, όλα έχουν το όνομα τους από την Ιώ, τη γνωστή ιέρεια της Ήρας, και το ταξίδι που έκανε μέχρι να φτάσει στην Αίγυπτο. Αυτός ο λαός, μιλούσε την ιωνική διάλεκτο. Η ρίζα παραμένει ίδια, και είναι περιέργως το "Ι". Λέμε ίστημι, ίσταμαι, ιστίο. Προφανώς η ρίζα υποννοεί κάποιον ή κάτι, όρθιο. Στην δε Αίγυπτο, που πήγε η αγελάδα Ιώ, είχαν θεά την Γιάχ, την αγελάδα, και θεά του φεγγαριού (κέρατα). Λέμε Μυρμιδ -ών, Μυρμιδ -όνες. καν -ών, καν -όνες. Το ο που αναφέρεις ως διαφορετικό, είναι πληθυντικός. Το δε -ν που μπαίνει στο τέλος, είναι αρσενικό.

[@georgios_5342]

@@guybrushthreepwood1227 ααα δεν το γνώριζα αυτό. Είναι όμως εντελώς διαφορετικές περιοχές, και δεν ζούσαν Ίωνες στα Ιόνια Νησιά

[@guybrushthreepwood1227]

@@georgios_5342 Φίλε μου οι Ίωνες, οι Αιολείς, οι Δωριαίοι, είναι γένη, με κοινούς προγόνους. Δεν είναι ανεξάρτητες φυλές. Μιλάμε για μια εποχή που είχε εξαιρετική άπλα για αποικίες και ίδρυση νέων βασιλείων. Το ότι μιλούσαν την ίδια γλώσσα ανεξάρτητα τη διάλεκτο (όπως και σήμερα αλλιώς μιλάνε στην Καρδίτσα και αλλιώς στη Νάξο) το μαρτυρεί αυτό. Εγώ απλά ήθελα να σου αναφέρω ότι το Ιωνία και το Ιόνιο, έχουν κοινή ρίζα, ξεκινούν από την ίδια σημασία σαν λέξεις, και από την ίδια γλώσσα. Η ιστορία της Ιούς, που προφανώς δεν ήταν μια αγελάδα που κυνηγούσε ο Δίας, μας δείχνει απλά με ποια πορεία αυτό το όνομα διασπάρθηκε στην ευρύτερη περιοχή, ίσως με ένα θρησκευτικό υπόβαθρο, και πως οι "Έλληνες" (δεν λεγόντουσαν έτσι τότε) απλωθήκανε στη Μεσόγειο. Και είναι σημαντικό όνομα, καθώς ακόμα μας αποκαλούνε Γιουνάν, Γιαβάν κτλ σε μεγάλο μέρος της γης. Δεν ζούσαν Ιωνες στο Ιόνιο, αλλά και γω είμαι από τη Νάξο και συ μπορεί να είσαι από την Καβάλα, δεν μας κάνει άλλο φύλο αυτό. Σίγουρα άλλο γένος, αφού δεν έχουμε τους ίδους παππούδες.

[@alexanderkelsey202]

I think your biggest omission was Byzantine Greek, which was between ancient Koine and modern Demotikí. Also my mom grew up in Greece and had to learn katharevousa in school, but I learned demotiki as a second language in school. There are differences with the accent marks, a few with spelling, and a few with grammar, and she finds it very frustrating to read demotiki because of it. We’re in a weird position where sometimes I actually have to correct my mom’s spelling because she will write using outdated katharevousa rules

[@georgiosdoumas2446]

Οι κανόνες και η ρθογραφία τους Καθαρευούσης όμως είναι οι σωστοί! Η Δημοτική είναι μια διαστρέβλωση και μια κακοποίηση της Ελληνικής γλώσσας, και το μονοτονικό έκανε ζημιά μεγάλη. Πού μένεις τώρα? Στην Ελλάδα είσαι?

[@enyalios316]

Your mother is probably speaking much better Greek than 95% of all Greeks out there. You shouldn't "correct" her.

[@bardlord8629]

What language did your mom's family speak before katharevousa?

[@dimitrichronakis8511]

All Greeks today, educated or not, speak Ancient Greek ( without realizing it!) since all modern-day derivatives in the language come directly from ancient Greek, e.g. Astyfilax, ypovrixeion, maieftiras, pyrosvestis, thryroros, syntaksiouxos, and so many more!

[@thanassisboulis407]

Greek people in 1829 (when modern Greece became a state) did NOT speak Koini. This was the common language almost 2000 years ago. Greek people in the 19th century spoke Demotic (language of the people). This is more or less the form of the language spoken today.

[@thomas_lale]

I would say when Alexander conquered the greek city states, before heading east was the fist time "Greece" was unified and independent.

[@ecurewitz]

Nope. Alexander never bothered conquering Sparta

[@Ptolemy336VV]

@@ecurewitz He didn't conquer Sparta, but he did connect all of the Greek world. Sparta included.

[@tonpap]

No. The Greek cities remained city-states for many centuries after Alexander. The union was only on papers, the reality stayed the same and that's the reason why Romans invaded easily and conquered them. They were still fighting one another and were mainly divided, though they shared a unified identity (they considered themselves Greeks, Hellenes).

[@Ptolemy336VV]

@@tonpap who said they were on paper a unity in every regard. Alexander united the Greeks under 1 banner in the sense that the promise was that quarreling Greeks would not attack eachother and focus on taking down the Persians during the Persian campaign. And thats what happened. And then the Greeks having an impressive campain all the way till Tajikistan, India and Himalayas, when Alexanders empire was split under his 4 generals which each were very succesful in, Greece was a continuous supply of population for all of the newley created cities and regional hubs all over this vast geographical expanse and the source for continuous supply of soldiers. That left the homeland particularly weak to moderately strong at best at the time when the Romans started their campaign. Greece at the time of Alexander was militarily far more powerful than centuries later.

[@wankawanka3053]

There were still greek in italy though

[@dethan4176]

I’m actually taking Ancient Greek in uni right now. We’re being taught the attic dialect and our textbook even has parts of ancient attic texts. The dialects are “mostly” the same but they’re are enough differences that you’d have to know them all to be able to read all Ancient Greek texts. At least that’s what I gather from what my professor tells us.

[@judelarive1131]

The differences are easily spotted on ancient texts such as variations in verbal forms (e.g ἔσεαι instead of ἔσει etc.) but your professor is right

[@simban00]

You need to know about 10 grammatical rules and you will see they are the same

[@paullatimer9249]

My favorite definition for a language is: "a dialect with an army to protect it".

[@atbing2425]

Lol The original quote though is "a language is a dialect with an army and navy"

[@paullatimer9249]

@@atbing2425 Whomever said the original quote did not realize that land-locked countries generally lack navies, yet still manage to turn their "dialects" into a "language". ;-)

[@mwndjddjdhdbbf8408]

_-Max Weinreich_

[@SamAronow]

@@mwndjddjdhdbbf8408 In fact the originator of the quote was one of Weinreich's students, whose identity has been lost to history.

[@AthanasiosJapan]

When some people claim that modern Greeks have no relationship with ancient Greeks, I mention the Tsakonian dialect, a unique Greek dialect, featuring elements of ancient Greek lost in modern Greek or other Greek dialects. Speakers of Tsakonian kept their unique traditional language for more than 2000 years resisting foreigner influences. Simply amazing!

[@perseusarkouda]

Correct. Researchers concluded it's a descendant dialect directly from Doric.

[@yiannisroubos8846]

But Tsakonian is basically dead now though. No one under 80 years old speaks it fluently

[@dark_messiah8183]

Well, in those 2,000 years it almost certainly changed, if even it’s still recognizable. Language doesn’t last unchanging for more than 2,000 years (and no, liturgical / written standards don’t count)

[@yiannisroubos8846]

@@dark_messiah8183 As a modern Greek speaker, I can understand with little difficulty books written 2,000 years ago.

[@dark_messiah8183]

@@yiannisroubos8846 do you also have recordings of how these Ancient Greek speakers spoke? I said not strictly based on WRITTEN language. Written language is more static and less likely to be updated. I would guess if you spoke to a Greek from 2,000 years ago, you might have a difficult time. Certainly not impossible, but language just doesn’t stay static for very long. By even about 500 years there are almost always very significant changes in how everyday people actually speak.

[@savvass2950]

The Church does *not* use Katharevousa, but rather the original Koine Greek, also called "Liturgical Greek" since it is used mainly in religious events, documents books etc. Great video btw, andwell informed. It was a great pleasure to see Tsakonian included :) :)

[@simban00]

The church does not use Koine Greek. Compare Koine in the BC to Koine in AD, the church years. The Greek used in the church was written by foreigners not Greeks or Latins.

[@bellingdog]

​@SIMBA N no it's Koine Greek, it's just spoken in modern Greek pronunciation. But most of the authors of the Church's services were fluent in Koine, even check out St Athanasius the Great who wrote in Koine and some Coptic - he spoke both and recognised the difference between both of them. St John the Melodist was a Syrian but it was when he was in Constantinople (Istanbul) that his works were preserved, the epicentre of Koine Greek at the time. The Divine Liturgy is by St John Chrysostom who is originally from Antioch, but was the Patriarch of Constantinople and Antioch spoke Koine as well.

[@simban00]

@@bellingdogmodern Greek pronunciation? Who told you pronunciation changed

[@bellingdog]

@SIMBA N the Greeks. And, also, scholarship. Check out how modern Greeks pronounce their diphthongs, and how ancient Greeks pronounced them.

[@simban00]

@@bellingdog the Greeks? Now that they made alphabet soup of the Greek dna with all the illegals in the country I don't think you are fibbing.

[@constantinoskyriacou3630]

You pretty much got it right, but didn't mention the medieval greek spoken in the eastern roman empire(Byzantium), calabrian greek spoken in southern Italy and Pontic greek spoken in Pontus before the Pontic genocide

[@constantinoskyriacou3630]

Also forgot the Macedonian dialect of Dorian Greek

[@yiannisroubos8846]

The ancient Greeks called the language ελληνικά which is the exact same word we use in modern Greek just they pronounced it differently

[@georgios_5342]

Demotic was not a formal language or used in education or recognized in any way. Demotic means "of the people" and Katharevousa "purified". Only certain poets used demotic. In fact some officials and proponents of Katharevousa even called Demotic "Malliari", hairy language. Because they thought it was unclean or impure. But Demotic is essentially the continuation of Koine, with Italian and Turkish influences.

[@annazarifopoulou9580]

Greek here!!! Its so fun seeing this videos! It reminds me of my high school years when we learnd some ancient greek

[@georgios_5342]

7:30 no, Doris is a name that comes from the Dorians, which is essentially the tribe that became the Spartans. The Doric dialect is that of the Spartans

[@jainammehta1020]

To be more accurate, the Spartan spoke an subdialect of Doric Greek known as Laconian Greek. And Dorian comes from Dorus, son of Hellen (Greek patriarch, similar to Israel, Jacob)

[@aagrafio]

And the Dorians come from Doros, Deucalion's son, father of the Dorians.

[@karolosL2P1337]

@@jainammehta1020 precisely

[@mcds6307]

I think it's unfortunate you didn't talk about the ancient Macedonian dialect. The Pella curse tablet has proven definitively that the ancient Macedonians spoke some form of Doric, or a dialect closely related to it. Most modern linguists agree that it was essentially Doric influenced by Aeolian, particularly in the south. The court also spoke Attic from the late classical period.

[@elenikarakasidou2636]

Tsakonian is not the only or most important Greek dialect remaining today. Pontic is, which was spoken by the Greeks of the Black Sea, northern Turkey today, and retains a lot of elements of Ionian. It is still spoken by many people in Greece today. . And the Cypriot dialect of course. Let's not forget Greko, spoken in parts of South Italy, still spoken by the descendants of Magna Grecia. A I would put the Cretan last, as it is the most easily understood by the rest of us.

[@enyalios316]

I don't think any dialect is more important than the other. Each gives us respectively an insight on the development of the Greek language.

[@georgiosdoumas2446]

What you missed to present in your video, is the fact that Macedonia (Μακεδονια) was also speaking a variation of Doric dialect. Macedonia was furhtermore a Hellenic/Greek kingdom , and not city state. There were some other Hellenic old kingdoms , that were keeping a political system closer to the older Mycenaean kingdoms of the past , and had not forwarded to the city-state political system that appeared in the 8th and 7th century BC.

[@georgiosdoumas2446]

@@xunqianbaidu6917 It is more a matter of accent/pronunciation, and if you add in the possibility that they were using some specific coded/military words that were specially devised for their internal communication then you understand what was going on. And it was written down, there are potteries from Macedonia and buildings with signs. Whenever a Greek from the South Greece was visiting the Macedonian court , no translator was needed. Even during the Persian invasions, the Macedonian king went to the Greek camp, at night , to warn them about the plans of the Persians, at 479 BC.

[@nikolaoskonstantas2762]

@@xunqianbaidu6917 They spoke Attic Greek until the end of the 4th century BC. With a difference -Athenian -dialect and accent.

[@zoeapostolidou3964]

@@xunqianbaidu6917 would you mind providing accounts in which Alexander "spoke in his native tongue to prevent the Greeks from understanding what he said" , as you claim?

[@DDDDDDDDD143Q3R]

@@xunqianbaidu6917 Your example with English/Scots is perfect.

[@zoeapostolidou3964]

@@xunqianbaidu6917 The passage you quote speaks of no "native tongue" much less one used to "prevent the Greeks from understanding what he said". The passage mentions Alexander using the Macedonian dialect in fury instead of using the Attic one, which the Aristocracy commonly spoke in. And not so that any "Greeks" (which he himself was, as well, so I don't understand why you make that seperation) would not understand him. Again, the Macedonian dialect was a Greek dialect, not a seperate tongue, please learn the difference and don't perpetuate misinformation that echoes awfully a lot like propaganda.

[@andreasm5770]

The Ionic dialect gets its name from Ionia (western coast of modern-day Turkey), not the Ionian sea nor the Ionian islands. They may coincidentally sound the same, but in Greek they are spelled differently (Ιωνία - Ιόνιο).

[@judelarive1131]

In Ancient Greek they are related. Ἰωνία is indeed the western coast of later Roman Asia Minor. In this region lived the Ionians Ἴωνες in Ancient Greek. And everything related to it is called Ἰωνικός. The Ἰόνιος spelling (which may be due to a question of vowel length, which varies depending on the time and place in Ancient Greek) is Herodotean and poetic. But Ionians did indeed travel through this sea to settle in Sicilia and Italy.

[@guybrushthreepwood1227]

Φίλε το κάνω copy paste το γραψα και παραπάνω. Τα Ιόνια νησιά, η Ιωνία, ο Βόσπορος (Βους-πορος), όλα έχουν το όνομα τους από την Ιώ, τη γνωστή ιέρεια της Ήρας από το γένος του Φορωνέα, και το ταξίδι που έκανε μέχρι να φτάσει στην Αίγυπτο. Αυτός ο λαός, μιλούσε την ιωνική διάλεκτο. Η ρίζα παραμένει ίδια, και είναι περιέργως το "Ι". Λέμε ίστημι, ίσταμαι, ιστίο. Προφανώς η ρίζα υποννοεί κάποιον ή κάτι, όρθιο. Στην δε Αίγυπτο, που πήγε η αγελάδα Ιώ, είχαν θεά την Γιάχ, την αγελάδα, και θεά του φεγγαριού (κέρατα). Λέμε Μυρμιδ -ών, Μυρμιδ -όνες. καν -ών, καν -όνες. Το ο που αναφέρεις ως διαφορετικό, είναι πληθυντικός. Το δε -ν που μπαίνει στο τέλος, είναι αρσενικό.

[@vangelisskia214]

"The Greek ideal that was revived in Byzantium surpassed the Roman ideal, which was left to the "Latins". a term that included without distinction the various peoples of western Europe who were treated as a compact set in opposition to the Greeks." "The Byzantine empire was clearly, despite its multinational dimension, a Greek empire while its neighbours considered it so, and whose unity was based on the power of authority, in the dominance of Orthodoxy and the use of Greek as the official language." Sylvain Gouguenheim, "La gloire des Grecs", 2017, pp. 72,73

[@TheAnonJohn]

Pontic greek dialect I think is the closest dialect to ancient greek. Spoken by Greeks in Pontus (Trabzon area of today's Turkey)

[@wankawanka3053]

No there are greek dialects in italy more ancient

[@enyalios316]

Both Pontic and Italiotic Greek have a lot of archaic features. But that doesn't mean that they are closer to ancient Greek than Standard Modern Greek.

[@Ratich]

As of the classical era of Greece, it was indeed called Greek. The origins of the acceptance of the name can be traced back to after the Bronze age collapse, by the time of Homer Greek shared identity had already been established but before that and during the Bronze age it is possible that they would have referred to their local language by either, the name of their city or region, the name of their cultural and dialectic group or the name of their clan within that group, if the city was independent

[@lb2791]

Travel on water wasn't a dividing factor in ancient times but a uniting one. It was much easier and faster to travel on water than on land. Ancient greece was basically todays greece plus lots of coastal areas which were easy to reach from greece. The roman empire was basically the mediterranean sea plus it's hinterland.

[@averagebalkanian4402]

nice video i enjoy

[@georgekiriak7027]

They called the language "Greek" back then . Themistocles executed with a vote of the allied Greeks the interpreter of Xerxes and the accusation was that " he used Greek voice(language) under the command of the barbarians " they also praised Themistocles for what he did no another Greek the recorded his and his children as defilers(un-honorable ) because he brought Persian(medes) gold the the Greeks Sources follow "ἑρμηνέα γὰρ ὄντα συλλαβὼν διὰ ψηφίσματος ἀπέκτεινεν, ὅτι φωνὴν Ἑλληνίδα βαρβάροις προστάγμασιν ἐτόλμησε χρῆσαι. ἔτι δὲ καὶ τὸ περὶ Ἄρθμιον τὸν Ζελείτην· Θεμιστοκλέους γὰρ εἰπόντος καὶ τοῦτον εἰς τοὺς ἀτίμους καὶ παῖδας αὐτοῦ καὶ γένος ἐνέγραψαν, ὅτι τὸν ἐκ Μήδων χρυσὸν εἰς τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἐκόμισε." Plutarch Themistocles (6.1-7.7)

[@guybrushthreepwood1227]

All Greek dialects in ancient times, even today, have something common, which is very important for the greek language in order to exist : The roots, the conceptual perspective of the things described. Every single root has a meaning which leads to a word, depending on the grammar which is used. What was really different was the pronunciation of the words, and the suffix, not the words themselves. The famous word for many infamous reasons, Makedon, Μακεδών, for example, in Athens would be called as Mikedon, Μηκεδών. It means the long man or if we want to be precise, it means "he who is long". In modern greek we say Mikos Μήκ-ος, length, but we also say makris μακ-ρύς, long. Root stays the same, regardless of the dialect. Μηκ- or Μακ-, it suggests the length of something. The same roots, still exist in modern greek, except from new words who were rented from abroad. Even new greek words, have the same roots with ancient greek. Grammar has changed. Roots stay the same, in all dialects. It describes the concept, the meaning of something.

[@guybrushthreepwood1227]

Αυτό που δεν μπορεί να καταλάβει ένας ξένος, είναι ότι όποια λέξη και να δώσεις σε έναν Έλληνα με ελληνική ρίζα, θα βγάλει νόημα. Μα στα ελληνικά, μα στα αγγλικά, μα στα Ρωμαικά, άπαξ και έχει ελληνική ρίζα θα βγάλει νόημα. Ένας ξένος θα θεωρήσει τα Βυζαντινά γλώσσα ξεχωριστή, ενώ δεν είναι. Ο ξένος διαβάζει κύων, και στα νέα σκύλος, και δεν ξέρει ότι λέμε κυνόδοντας, κυνοτροφείο, ενώ οι αρχαίοι λέγανε σκύλαξ το κουτάβι, παλαιότερα σκύλλω, μεταγενέστερα σκυλεύω. Είναι το γεγονός ότι είναι εννοιολογική γλώσσα, που την κάνει να μην μπορεί να χαθεί στο βάθος των χρόνων.

[@larrys6678]

Nice video overall. You left out the language of Macedonians, which was also Greek.

[@georgiosdoumas2446]

And the Macedonians were speaking a Doric dialect variation.

[@nikolaoskonstantas2762]

@@georgiosdoumas2446 They spoke Attic Greek until the end of the 4th century BC. With a difference -Athenian -dialect and accent

[@malarobo]

@@nikolaoskonstantas2762 In origin they spoke a dialect different from the three main greek dialects (ionian, dorian, eolian), similar to dorian, but not exactly dorian. Then they used koiné (born from ionian-attic dialect) like all greeks in hellenistic times.

[@elef951]

@@malarobo its still a hellenic language

[@malarobo]

@@elef951 Yes, it is an hellenic language: a greek dialect

[@spirodoukas]

Colloquially, the country is called Greece. Officially it is called Hellenic Republic, or Ellada. You stated it the other way. It doesn’t matter why a country is called in the English language. It matters what a country is called by its inhabitants and officials. The same thing happens with the Czech Republic which is know being called Czechia, finally.

[@weirdlanguageguy]

One big difference between the different dialects is how they treat labiovelar sounds (basically k or g followed by w, like in queen or guacamole). In attic, they either turned into p-like sounds, t-like sounds, or k-like sounds, depending on which vowels came afterwards. However, dialects like mycenaean kept them unchanged and some others changed them all to p-like sounds. Of course, the biggest difference of all is probably the grammar

[@Kolious_Thrace]

Yes and No. Yes, we all speak the same language but exactly as you said, each place has its own dialect. Hellenic is the name of our language. To clarify this, calling all of us Greeks is wrong! Romans named us Graeci. Graeci or Grekoi/Greeks was ONE of the many Hellenic tribes. As you said, back then there was not the concept of a country. There were many Hellenic tribes and city-states working as centres gathering other minor villages and areas around them. Greeks was one tribe living in the Peloponeese peninsula. We were not all Hellenes Greeks! There were Thracians, Makedonians, Thessalians, Achaeans, Boeotians, Thebes, Rhodians, Minoans, Mycenaeans… all these were Hellenes. Calling all of us Greeks it’s like me calling all British people Londoners… Are you all Londoners? No! It’s like calling the island of Britain Londonia and all the people Londoners… Hellas is the name of our nation and later country. Greeks were colonised the Southern part of Italy so Etruscans met those Hellenes and thought that all Hellas was Grekoi and later the Romans named us Graeci > Grecia > Greece. The same thing happened to the East. Nations like Arabs, Egyptians, Iran/Persia… etc met with the Ionian Hellenes, so the thought that all Hellenes were Ionians. To this day, all the countries of Middle East are calling us Yunan < Ionan < Ionian … Also wrong! Each tribes had its own dialect that was Hellenic. Like the example with Liverpool and London speaking Scouse and Cockney, two areas of Hellas are speaking the same language with idiomatic words and phrases. Apart from that we can understand what others saying but we can’t exactly figure out some words and slang phrases. Explaining the meaning of the term Hellas you will understand! Hellas is Ελλάς / Ellás in Hellenic. Ellás = El + las *El* is a proto-Hellenic term meaning Sun/Light Elios > Helios in English means Sun ☀️ Some areas in Hellas were saying Elios, some Ilios and some Alios. These were the regional differences! El-ios Il-ios } all meaning Helios/Sun Al-ios *Las* is a proto-Hellenic term meaning literally rock and metaphorically soil/land. From las came the English term land. Eng-land = land of the Anglos Deutsch-land land of the Deutsch So, Ellás means the land of Sun, the land of Light and Hellenes means the sons of Sun! The name Helen is obviously Hellenic and it meaning enlighten/bright like the sun. Hellenes were living in Minor Asia from ancient times. Turks came from Mongolia much later. I hear in films the please ‘’Greeks against Trojans’’ and this is soooooo wrong!!! Trojans were also Hellenes! The correct would be Achaeans against Trojans. Achaea was the area of Mycenae were Agamemnon was King. Agamemnon led a lot of Hellenic tribes to a civil war against Trojans. Boeotians, Thebes, Rhodians, Thessalians, Myrmidons… etc Trojans were also Hellenes had their own allies. Other Hellenic tribes as Thracians, Peonians, Phrygians, Paflagonians, Mysians, Lycians, Karians and other Hellenic tribes of Minor Asia. As Homer wrote Achaeans and the rest of their allies didn’t manage to win the war and they were ready to return to their homes before Odysseus think the trick with the horse. Some areas were speaking the same dialect even though they were far away from each other because Hellenes were travelling constantly! All the Mediterranean was full of Hellenic colonies. Southern Italy (known as Magna Grecia) Syracuse and Sicily, Malta, the south coast of France, Gibraltar, Egypt with Hellenic cities as Alexandria, Crimea with Hellenic cities as Sevasropolis, Simferopolis etc were all Hellenic colonies. Their dialects were travelling with them and the knew cities has the dialect of their founder! Also, don’t pronounce Hellenic with this horrendous Erasmian pronunciation…😖 Koine is the Hellenic term Κοινή which means common. Κοινή is not pronounced as ko-ee-né but kiní “οι” this diphthong is pronounced “i” as in think “η” is also pronounced “i” as in think. So, it’s kiní, not koine… Erasmian pronunciation is a made up stupid thing that has NOTHING to do with Hellenic pronunciation!

[@ellinmakedon1216]

Σωστός👍👍👍

[@Kolious_Thrace]

@@ellinmakedon1216 κάποια στιγμή πρέπει να απαιτήσουμε να μας αποκαλούν Ελλάς… Τι πάει να πει γκριις;;; Προς έκπληξή μου, πριν καμία 5-6 χρόνια σε ταξίδι στην Νορβηγία άκουσα τους Νορβηγούς να ξέρουν την λέξη Ελλάς!!!!! Από όλη την Ευρώπη μόνο η Νορβηγία μας αποκαλεί Ελλάδα και όχι Γραικία!

[@ellinmakedon1216]

@@Kolious_Thrace έχεις απόλυτο δίκιο όπως και με την Εράσμια προφορά αν είναι δυνατόν ένας Ολλανδός να ξέρει την ελληνική προφορά καλύτερα από εμάς.

[@malarobo]

Κοινή is pronounced kinì in modern greek. In ancient time his pronounciation was [kɔine:] (using IPA symbols)

[@ellinmakedon1216]

@@malarobo and who say that? A Dutch man? 500 years ago. Κοϊνή=koini. Κοινή=kini

[@Old_Harry7]

I'm Italian and here in my country along with Latin we also study koinè Greek, the iotization the language went through makes it very hard to appreciate to my ears but still Greek is a very beautiful language.

[@mcds6307]

What kind of koine are you studying? Most of the iotization had been completed before the end of the Hellenistic period. Koine pronunciation is almost identical to modern standard Greek with a couple quirks.

[@Old_Harry7]

@@mcds6307 alexandrine Koinè/ late Athenian. From what I recall the iotization process really started during the early throughout the late Byzantine period not during the Hellenistic era.

[@enyalios316]

@@Old_Harry7 The only ones which weren't yet iotacized by late antiquity were υ οι, which by then were both identical and sounded like "y/ü" (which btw. is just a rounded ι).

[@judelarive1131]

3:54 ἡ Ἑλληνική (hè hellenikè) is how they called their language but you were right there were several dialects

[@Ratich]

Thing to note is that Koine and Attic aren't really much different from each other, they're effectively the same language and dialect, the differences are mainly vocabular and it's more reasonable to see the differences moreso as formal versus informal speech rather than two distinct entities.

[@Ratich]

@@xunqianbaidu6917 phonetics of Attic would have changed as well keep in mind

[@qxtr5853]

amazing, I got a cached version with two comments!

[@JustFluffyQuiltingYarnCrafts]

🇬🇷 Very interesting. Thank you!

[@RedLeader327]

11:33 you say 1976 but have 1973 on the graphic. Which is correct?

[@baklavaconsumer1080]

1976 is the correct.

[@Unclekase]

Great video overall. Only thing is that koine is pronounced as "kini", and demotiki as "dimotiki"

[@perseusarkouda]

They use Erasmian pronunciation which is flawed in my opinion but internationally recognized except for Greeks. The irony.

[@nikosbampounis4957]

"koine" makes sense, because it's an ancient world. "Dimotiki" should indeed be pronounced this way though.

[@jainammehta1020]

@@perseusarkouda It's Anglicizated versian of Reconstructed Pronunciation not Erasmian. Erasmian isn't considered the best but a very simpler version of pronunciation. The pronunciation used mostly of Classical Greek. Thus a lot of time both Homeric (Older Greek, the Greek of homer and hesiod) and Koine Greek (younger Greek, the Greek spoken by St Paul and other New testament writer) are pronounced with The Pronunciation of Attic Greek. That's why it's Called Koine not kini.

[@pots_83]

As a Greek I have to say your video is great and I would like to add that Modern Greek, although a clear continuation of Koine and Attican Greek, has had heavy influences from both Latic and Turkic languages (the land that is Greece today was under Roman (not including the Byzantine Era) and the Ottoman rule for a total of 800 years) and more recently English. It is (as all languages) constantly evolving and yet most Greeks could make sense of writings 2500 years old!

[@neutralpeace647]

ασε ρε ' heavy influences '

[@neutralpeace647]

δηλαδη φιλε τι να πουν και τα αγγλικα

[@pots_83]

@@neutralpeace647 auta gamise ta…5 glosses se mia!!!

[@antoniosmanias1510]

1- most (of the few) turkish words like exist in modern Greek (πχ. μπαχαρικά κλπ) are derived from Arabic. 2- almost all words have a Greek alternative (μπαχαρικά = καρυκεύματα) 3- considering the immense size of our language having even 1000 foreign words is not considered immense. it is barely considered. 4- highest % of words mixed in the Greek language comes from Romance languages 5- Mainland Greece was occupied for close to 400 years and not 800 by Ottomans. Anatolian coast for 450 As a Greek you should know this.

[@pots_83]

@@antoniosmanias1510 1- I mentioned Turkic words and not Turkish...Turkish is a language belonging to the great family of Turkic languages that derive from central Asia and have had a fair amount of influence is a number of languages including Greek. 2- That is true for most languages, what is important is which word is commonly used. The word antisfairisi (αντισφαίριση) exists what we all call it tennis so one could use that as an example of the English language's influence. 3- Greek has over 5 million individual words but only a small percentage is used in daily speech. From those that are used daily a not insignificant number has roots in another language. That is normal in all languages and it how they evolve over time. 4- If you were to reread my comment you can see that I mention both Latin and Turkic languages as having an influence. 5- Again, if you were to reread my comment you would notice that I count both Ottoman and Roman occupation when I say 800 years as I was making the point that Greek is influenced by both (I excluded the Byzantine period as Greek was the official language spoken in modern Greek territory and beyond). As a Greek you should know that the Romans occupied the entire area and during the entire Byzantine Era the Byzantines considered themselves Romans, part of why older generations still refer to their fellow Greeks as Romioi (Ρωμιοί - Romans) especially when refering to Greeks of Asia minor. Make sure you carefully read the whole comment in the future before you comment back trying to insult others.

[@vangelisskia214]

"With the collapse of the empire in the west, its eastern counterpart became, in reality, an entirely new and independent state, at once Greek by language and Roman in name: 'A Greek Roman empire'." Roderick Beaton, "The Greeks: a global history", New York: Basic books 2021, pp. 212

[@GeoLumen]

10:53 it's Demoti-KΙ (Δημοτική). Stress is on the last syllable.

[@spddiesel]

Funny story about dialects. My son is fairly fluent in Spanish, having taken four years of it in high school and keeping up with it post grad. He was helping me on a job in CA back in 2017, and the framing crew on site was mostly Mexican, some that spoke little to no English. Having him along obviously made communication much easier. The odd thing is, his Spanish teacher was a Dominican national, so he learned the language with a Caribbean accent, so to speak. So while he and Arnoldo's crew could understand each other, they thought it was hilarious that a gringo from Illinois was speaking Spanish with a Dominican tongue, lmao. Regarding your other recent video, yes they called us gringo, and no it was not derogatory. At least not towards us. It was explained to me that it's both a term of affection and a term of disdain. Or he was messing with me, Arnoldo was a prankster. Good guy.

[@kaitlyn__L]

Regarding the end of your comment, I am reminded of the word “sasanach” as both endearment and disdain (and sometimes is also applicable to some Scots, other times only English).

[@nikolaoskonstantas2762]

You forgot Macedonia.They spoke Attic Greek until the end of the 4th century BC

[@rimoh2005]

Niko.macedonia.is.molos.n.don.forget.ilir.t arber arvanitas.albanian.you.teket.kastum.fustanella.from.albania. you brink.rosopondo.from.rusia.gjipsi.from.anatolia.kollokotrono.marko.bocari.is.arvanites.no.

[@Liphted]

"A little book of language" such a nice name.

[@Opa-Leo]

Athens (I live 35 km from the center, along the coast to Sounio)

[@kailomonkey]

Hm you skipped by the names of the greek islands for something much more history focused! It's cool though this is the sort of thing I will usually be interested in elsewhere :)

[@vanmars5718]

Well, the situation you describe in your video could be true until the archaic period. After the 7th - 6th centuries BCE the Greek polis they had massive trade networks with each other. The sea travels were the easiest thing, thus the Greeks colonized every corner of the Mediterranean and Black seas. They called their language Hellinika, as they call it today. All of them knew what is the name of their language and of that peninsula (Hellas). The Greeks despite their independent system of polis had major festivals, games, oracles and sanctuaries for all Greek people. They had were very much the understanding of the world they just didn't want to unified in one single entity. Greek Orthodoxs in the 13th century felt that they ruled themselves. Greeks were the last to abandon the name Roman. This name that became synonymous to their minds with Hellens. The fact is, most of the people today views history through the perspective of the Western historiography which evolved from the Catholic powers and the holy roman Empire which is very problematic since most of the "reality" of the byzantines isn't even true which make it hard to understand the transition of the Greek pagans to Christian under the name Romans and to understand that the name Roman for those Greeks became their ethnic name without meaning that aren't Greeks. Western Europeans have a very specific idea of what is Roman and you simple cannon accept the Greek Romanitas easily.

[@olbiomoiros]

8:00 Arcado-Cypriot* also Ἰωνία (Ionia) and Ἰόνιον (the Ionian) are two different things. in Greek we have two different o’s so that doesn’t really confuse us. Ἑλληνική is how they all referred as their language. Hence we have anciens words like Ἑλληνιστί (in Greek), Ἑλληνίζειν (to speak Greek/ have Greek customs), all coming from Ἕλλην, the father of the Greek nation from whom the country was named Ἑλλάς, the nation Ἑλληνισμός and the people Ἕλληνες. Under the ottoman rule, because only rich people got to learn their language in a Greek institution which were sparse, the Greek language got heavily corrupted by Turkish word, and it generally became simpler. Demotic Greek was the result, and after the influence of Katharevousa, Modern Greek which remains the language spoken today.

[@Sp-zj5hw]

If someone spoke Greek and worshiped the Greek Gods, he was a Greek, if not he was a barbarian (from bar bar bar, the sound of Persian in the Greek ears). That was the binary dinstinction in the ancient world. Romans met both qualifications and that is why they were considered kin (Until Justinian, when Greek identity merged with the Roman one completely and we have today the paradox of Greeks saying "i am a Roman" meaning "i am a Greek").

[@cicerhoe7983]

Different dialects meant the vowel lengths were ‘slightly’ different. When you learn ancient classical Greek, you’re still able to translate Doric, Aeolic and so on but only a few times you’d need to look up the dictionary as to what the attic version is. It’s not that vastly different

[@malarobo]

Not only vowels lengths, there are other differences. The Attic isn't vastly different from koiné, because koiné is made from Ionic-Attic (with elements from other dialects)

[@ericbarlow6772]

I’d like to know when/where some English dialects lost the dental th sound and become an f sound (like Afens). I know these sound shifts have happened in Greek over time.

[@konstantinospapadopoulos7735]

In 7:57 it should read Arcado-Cypriot, not "Arcado-Cyprito"...

[@ArturdeSousaRocha]

That reconstruction of ancient Athens at the beginning!

[@gesthimanichatzigrigoriu]

Hello from central Macedonia and the ancient city of Amfipolis. You mistsed also Pontic Greek dialect from Pontus (Turkey now).The pontic is near Attic dialect and syntaxi.

[@amberswafford9305]

I’ve never thought about what the Ancient Greek called their language but like the Greeks of today, they likely called themselves Hellenes if there was ever a time when more than one polis needed a collective term. That’s just a guess though. But I’d reckon when meeting up for their Olympic Games, it might’ve called for the use of a larger collective term which makes me also reckon they may have called the overall language some variation of the word Hellenic. But 🤷‍♀️ that’s only a barely educated guess. Btw, “Alex the Great” tickled me.

[@modmaker7617]

It's called exonyms & endonyms. Exonym = Outside Name Endonym = Inside Name English-speakers call the country, Greece and the people/language, Greek(s). Making that the exonym. While they call their country, Elláda (rendered as "Hellada" in English), Elliniká (rendered in English as "Hellenic") their language and Éllanes (rendered in English as "Hellenes") their people. While Hellada is the modern name, Hellas was the ancient name they use today sometimes. The H-sound was in Ancient Greek but disappeared in Modern Greek. Making that he endonym. I'm not Greek just saying stuff I read online.

[@amberswafford9305]

@@modmaker7617 I am aware of this very Anglo practice. China isn’t China there, Germany is Deutschland, etc. I wasn’t aware of the corruption of what they actually say which idk how I just didn’t know bc it happens so often but as I said, it was a barely educated guess. I find your more educated on the subject information interesting tho, so ty. I find language & its evolution to be quite fascinating but like many, probably most native English speakers, I’ve not really learned any others, not to a sufficient enough degree for anything more than the most basic of communications. Hence me not knowing at all how Hellenes is pronounced by the actual ppl whose collective name it is.

[@modmaker7617]

@@amberswafford9305 I think people should be educated on exonyms & endonyms. Maybe even switch to endonyms if they fit the given language. In Polish, Italy's exonym is "Włochy" even though the endonym "Italia" would fit easily into language and many people know about it but don't care to switch. It's not just an "Anglo practice" but an every language practice.

[@amberswafford9305]

@@modmaker7617 That also proves how Anglocentric my world view is, bc I didn’t know if speakers of other languages did the same but if I’m honest, it’s not surprising. People see things through the lens of their language more so than most ever recognise. The German words I’ve learned that have no equivalent in English makes me sure many languages have the same kind of thing going on. Therefore I’m limited in my thinking in ways I could never know without learning all the languages out there. Which is strange but I know it has to be true just from what little German I know. (Deutsch I should say but old habits & what not)

[@modmaker7617]

@@amberswafford9305 Well in some countries are fine with exonyms. Like we Poles (or Polacy if you're endonym centric) are completely fine with calling our country by the English exonym, "Poland" and not by the Polish (or język polski) endonym Polska. From what I hard the Germans/Deutsche are also fine by the exonyms.

[@billy-bo_]

Τιμή Και Δόξα Στο Έθνος Των Ελλήνων!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@hedylus]

I think that the Greek that is being referred to is a lot older that the remnants of Byzantine Greek which overwhelmed Italy in the 14th and 15th centuries AD. This is a very different Greek to what follows. Without a modern Greek alphabet to stabilise the spellings, pronunciation and grammar, the Greek spoken circa 1600BC (prior to the 3rd Minoan War of Troy) rapidly evolved and was adapted by the Lacedaemonian Greek experience of being in Italy, and was unconnected with their enemies of the Minoan Empire and the varieties of Aegean Greek spoken there. After 500 years of Italian colonisation, a western Greek alphabet was introduced there by Latinos (a son of Odysseus of Ithaca) which assigned a spelling, context and grammar to Greek, and different to the Linear A and Linear B which was written and spoken at that time. The newly introduced alphabet of Latinos was designed to be able to record Greek so that it could be understood by the Lacedaemonian colonists who needed to record the contents of warehouses and to be able to record actions and descriptions in a simple and understandable way and in a simple language which could be read and understood by all Greek speakers (in Italy). After 1000 years of reading, writing and speaking Greek using this Latinos alphabet, the Greek spoken by the Lacedaemonian colonists in Italy was markedly different from the mainstream of Greek which was now using the current Greek alphabet originating from Aegean Greeks who were also were requiring an alphabet which expressed clearly all forms of Greek in a single alphabet. By this time, the Lacedaemonian Greek in Southern Italy had evolved independently for nearly 1000 years and was a very different dialect of Greek written in a different alphabet and using many different words which were from the Italian experience and not understood by the mainstream of Greek speakers. This is the origin of Latin Greek, the language used by Rome to communicate to the masses. Romans, on the other hand, spoke Aegean Greek because their origins were from the Aegean (to which they returned circa 500AD) and which they retained as the language spoken by Aristocrats and not ordinary people. (ALSO SEE BELOW)

[@seanet1310]

I've only done a little greek school so by no means competent. My wife's grandfather clearly though speaks at times a bit different greek to everyone else in the family. His writing is also different. Naturally he was educated well before the 1970s, I wonder now if he has incorporated aspects of the two systems.

[@Falahardo]

Some things you missed: -The dialects where named after the people that spoke them not the lands they were spoken in. -the main Greek dialects were dorian ionian and aeolian and arcadian. Their subdivisions occurred by the mingling of the people that already lives in the regions. For example. Lakedemona-dorian (spartan) was closer to Mycenean. Cretan was a mix of minoan and dorian. -Koine Greek was basically Attic Greek with a few influences from other dialects. -after the hellenestic era there were again many dialects like aegyptian-greek and indo-greek -when Greece won its independence people spoke the Demotike... Katharevousa was a book language like Latin and old English. Katharevousa became the formal tongueand for years students learned both languages at school. Until is eventually fell out of use and is now only found in old books.

[@savvasavraam8670]

I'm from Cyprus. I'm honestly considering, if it would be better to recognize some dialects as languages, in that way preserve them better and not hellenise them. F.ex. the Cypriot dialect a 100 years ago was an amazing version of Greek, with people from Athens for example not able to understand at all. Now we are forced to use the demotic dialect everywhere instead of Cypriot. This will eventually lead to the dialect's demise.

[@Paraglidecrete]

Paleo-Hebrew is Paleo-Greek: Part 1: The Alphabet Paperback - Large Print, October 25, 2016 by Travis Wayne Goodsell (Author, Translator)

[@user-gn8bz6tt1b]

Koine greek language should not be spelled as koine but as kine, since omikron and giotta ( ο, ι ) when found togeather in Greek they are read as a fat e. Info directly from a Greek. Thaks for this video, love your channel.

[@Epsilonsama]

Attic is not named for Athens but Attica the Peninsula where Athens is one of the city states in it.

[@danielhopkins296]

Your a good repeater of what has been repeated by repeaters

[@essential.technology]

Next video suggestion: When did Greeks colonize Antarctica

[@trien30]

You are now Language Explain?

[@scarletharlot69]

was Sparta's form of government less democratic than Athens? The second Archon of Athens was the King right?

[@malarobo]

Athens had kings in ancient times, then evolved in a republic retaining the title of king only to a person in charge of religious ceremonies. Sparta is less democratic than Athens, not for the kings (because the kings of Sparta had to respect the constitution and decisions were made by an assembly similar to the Roman senate), but because the right to be citizens were not given to all the population, but only to an elite

[@TheMelbournelad]

5:00 scones love and pet. Rock cakes if put some stuff in them

[@polytrelaras1]

Stagira (Central Macedonia - Aristotle's hometown)

[@user-tv4oi2xv6b]

The video is all around pretty good. I am a little annoyed because the ancient Macedonian language wasn't mentioned not only as a dialect but not even as a different language of the Hellenic branch. Also you could have also mentioned pontic Greek as a separate language since it isn't really intelligible with modern Greek

[@perseusarkouda]

For youtube "researchers" ancient Greece was just the modern Greek parts including some parts of Anatolia, Cyprus and Sicily. Places like Macedonia, Crimea, Pontus, Naples (mainland Italy), Massalia (France), Cyrene (Libya) are off their radar.

[@user-tv4oi2xv6b]

@@perseusarkouda to be honest he probably just wanted to avoid the nationalists of northern Macedonia in the comments so he decided to not include it. Literally propaganda and nationalisms kills history

[@perseusarkouda]

@@user-tv4oi2xv6b History cannot be killed, neither changed. We only have to care about historical facts and if you claim to make historical videos you better get your facts straight.

[@georgiosdoumas2446]

@@user-tv4oi2xv6b You mean "the brainwashed Slavs of Vardarska" , you can use their real name , no need to call that "northern Macedonia", which is a fake name that is far from the truth. Speak the truth despite what current political agreements have been made. Vardarska people speak a Bulgarian dialect.

[@user-tv4oi2xv6b]

@@georgiosdoumas2446 ναι το ξέρω απλά άμα τους πω Σκοπιανούς οι ξένοι δεν θα καταλάβουν οπότε είμαι αναγκασμένος να τους πω έτσι. Δυστυχώς την ταυτότητα μας την χάσαμε οριστικά που είμαστε από την Μακεδονία

[@user-zw1ds9kw5j]

I have to say that you forgot at least one dialect, Pontiac. It was spoken at all the Black sea Greek towns and it is still alive from Pontiacs in Greece and few remaining in Turkey.

[@sakismandratzis6353]

Short answer: no Long answer: yes

[@yaroslavpanych2067]

This video is more Lang focus than Name explain.

[@georgios_5342]

Language vs dialect is mostly a political and sociological question

[@jokerofmorocco]

Yeah like the Ancient Greek dialects would've been more different from each other than certain European language families like Romance for example

[@drpepper3838]

I mean wasn't it the case for countries before they became actual countries? Small parts each controlled by different lord. Germany before it became Germany had like 100 or even more territories

[@wankawanka3053]

People in the balkans have a very hard time understanding this

[@andyopaleye8947]

may i speak to you about argentina?

[@bardlord8629]

Truth is that other than Tsakonian, a separate Greek language, there was no Greek spoken in mainland Greece until after independence. Most spoke Arvanitica (a southern Albanian dialect) Bulgarian, Vlach ,Turkish, a Byzantine Greek Jewish dialect, and a strange language of some Nomadic people I can't remember (hard to find info, Greece has almost wiped out it's history). If you don't believe me look for Greek dialects in Mainland, they don't exist. If they did you would have dialects like the one in Cyprus, which is closer to Anatolia but very different, almost unintelligible to modern speaker. Anatolia, Turkey, was the only other place where Demotic Greek was spoken. In other words, modern Greek was imported from Anatolia and made lingua franca by rich merchants from Constantinople working with Russia and the Orthodox Church. It is not native. It was lingua franca of Byzantine and was only spoken around Constantinople and a couple of islands. It's also thousands of years removed from ancient Greek, as it developed in Alexander the Great colonies in Asia and North Africa, before Byzantine adopted it again. It was more of a language that was used by elites to communicate, as well as writers and the church. People spoke different languages, just as it was the case in ancient Greece.

[@ecurewitz]

Best I can tell the ancient Greeks said their language was whatever dialect they spoke such as Doric, Attic, Ionic etc..

[@diamondinthesky4771]

I mean....considering how much Rome borrowed from Greece and the fact that Greek became the state language after Heraclius, you could argue that Greece was in fact a united entity under the Eastern Romans. Also why do we always have to say "Modern Day Turkey"? Just say Anatolia.

[@STOIC-NESTOR]

Unfortunately the modern Greek nowadays is becoming poorest and poorest, Basically for political reasons, the governments ( especially after we entered EU) are trying to erase or to minimise the qualities of our language for the favourite of globalisation where all the nation have to have the (same) background, So eventually after a few generations we will all end up speaking English or something like English, Interesting is that they’re using shaming tactics or they’re calling names the people who are still speaking Greek the proper way and they respect our language, history, and civilization. Speaking and respecting your culture doesn’t mean that you hate somebody else, it’s actually the opposite you respect everybody else and you want them to be different and proud for what they are. The last decades common sense and reason are replaced from emotions and objective way of understanding the world. Humanity will pay the price one more time for this mistake, and I think we are already there.

[@XxxX-uk8sv]

Me who is Greek when I saw the title:I dont know🤔

[@Paraglidecrete]

Apollonii Sophistae Lexicon Homericum ΝΩΙ = noi , nous , nosso , nosotros ,אָנוּ

[@DemetriosKongas]

Despite the city states (which is how the ancient tribe communities evolved), the ancient Greeks had a strong sense of belonging to the same ethnos or ethnicity and they were very conscious of their unique civilisation. The rest were barbarians. I am from the island of Lefkas in the Ionian sea which was a colony of the Corinthians.

[@ginatz75]

They referred to their language as ἑλληνίζων (Speaking Greek)

[@hyenafur]

A language is a dialect with an army behind it.

[@Leohunter.]

To this day greek language is being influenced from those dialects in northern Greece they speak differently than the capital the islands of the agean also another dialect to show you this is how are you in greek language "τι κανεις" and thats how different its is in my dialect "ιντα καμεις" as you can see they are similar but not the same and thats the simplest example

[@Jay.B.2046]

for the algorithm

[@yazovgaming]

ANCIENT HOMERIC FARAI MESSENIA TODAYS KALAMATA....

[@petrosts9846]

Ionian islands (ΙΟΝΙΑΙ ΝΗΣΟΙ) are not named after Ionians (ΙΩΝΕΣ) or their dialect. Ionians was an ancient greek tribe named after their mythological forefather, Ion, whereas the Ionian islands and the respective Ionian Sea were named after the mythological princess of Argos, Io, who passed by the region when she was persecuted by godess Hera. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionians en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionian_Islands#Etymology

[@AlRoderick]

It's a common recurring problem throughout history is that nobody has a name to refer to their own language.

[@StergiosMekras]

Missing a lot of nuance and some of the timeline is backwards (sort of) but overall a pretty decent presentation. Not a simple issue to tackle. Good video. For the love of all that is sacred though... please use either modern or Lucian pronunciation for ancient Greek. Anything else (including the anachronistic abomination used by most non-native "experts") is physically painful to native speakers.

[@mwndjddjdhdbbf8408]

Lol, I've been studying ancient Greek ever since I was 13 Please save me

[@JohnPap21]

There's no such thing as Indo - European. From the Linear A the Greek Alphabet created. 4:14 The Italian Alphabet borrowed the letters from the Greek this is why most Italian words sound or look Greek. Its not an exclusive branch.