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1.Overhead valve (OHV) designs
Overhead valve engines are also called pushrod engines. The camshaft of OHV is mounted in the cylinder block. The cams transmit the load through the pushrod to the rocker arm which presses the valve and displaces it from the closed position.
2.Overhead camshaft (OHC) design with rocker arms
In OHC design, the camshaft is placed in the cylinder head.
The overhead camshaft configuration has two versions: single camshaft (SOHC) and double (twin) camshaft (DOHC).
3.Overhead camshaft (OHC) design with direct cam operation
In this design, the cam presses the valve tappet directly without any intermediate rocker arm. Such configuration is principally different regarding the bearing loading.