Djembe has one of the most satisfying sounds in world music
@andresortiz56744 жыл бұрын
Indeed
@vikrantp84 жыл бұрын
No...Indian Tabla has it ....go Nd search
@tajulislam77984 жыл бұрын
Stephan ikr
@shongo014 жыл бұрын
Can you extrapolate what you are alluding to (when you say you "disagree" with Mr. Barlow) ?? It sounds like you're picking a fight with him-- his comment was innocuous. It was much like someone complimenting the color of a painting. Then you come in and say "I disagree. The painter is great...the canvas that paint is applied to is a rough, matted surface....not bright or reflective. A thin sheet of ceramic paper with a frame, has better reflective qualities to provide more vibrant colors.
@ArjunTrivedi.4 жыл бұрын
Watch my video and subscribe my channel I too play djembe kzbin.info/www/bejne/opu6gWN4odWLoc0
@michaeljones38029 жыл бұрын
I like how they sound together.
@robfriedrich28224 жыл бұрын
Bongos and Congas together can also sound great.
@DidgeridooStudio4 жыл бұрын
Now, if there were also somebody playing the tabla.
@temitopefaleti70533 жыл бұрын
Same
@magnusvonbraun98704 ай бұрын
I often combine two ethnic drums together (like Tablas and Djembe, or Doumbek and Timbales) and as long as you know what you’re doing, they can sound pleasant when combined.
@MentalPistol4 жыл бұрын
Djembe and Conga together is like long separated cousins reuniting.
@SankofaNYC3 жыл бұрын
That's pretty much it
@temitopefaleti70533 жыл бұрын
Well said
@erikobanani2 жыл бұрын
More like the conga and the bougarabo though, much more similar.
@hollowwallsendmiseryforest8709 Жыл бұрын
And djembe and darbouka
@livefromplanetearth7 ай бұрын
🫡
@anindyadasgupta35373 жыл бұрын
THE MORE I GET TO KNOW AFRICAN CULTURE , THE MORE I LOVE IT. AFRICA IS MY BRIGHTEST PART OF WORLD HERITAGE , RIGHT FROM MY CHILDHOOD. NA KUPENDE AFRICA. LOVE FROM BENGAL, INDIA.
@gr8fruitsprouts4402 жыл бұрын
Listening to them both gave me the LITERAL tingles! They sound so wonderful apart, and together.
@WORLDDRUMCLUB6 жыл бұрын
Thanks for this basic instruction and showing the differences between the two drums. A lot of people get them confused, so this helps.
@664theneighbor53 жыл бұрын
I have Djembe I got as kid & I used to think it was a conga. Learning that it was a Djembe helped me learn to play better rhythms & technique on it.
@truthseeker00000010 жыл бұрын
Both make such beautiful sounds!
@temitopefaleti70533 жыл бұрын
Absolutely
@GabrielGarcia-nb5zp4 жыл бұрын
If you are doing worship music, the djembe compliments the acoustic guitar very well! Even though I love the cajon and the congas, I prefer the Djembe for the pairing.
@bendalondodakazi99384 жыл бұрын
Wow! Lovely! I remember the pleasant sound of the Djembe and Congas in My Country South África. When I was a child I liked to dance when in the streets of Johannesburg City I listened to the musicians play. Thanks for the músic Masters. 🥰♥️🇿🇦💋
@zeterzero43564 жыл бұрын
Gave a character in dnd bongos and got me poking around for songs and such. Somehow ended up here and while these aren't the bongos I was looking for, they are still awesome and a sound I didn't know I needed in my life. Thanks for sharing guys!
@apossessedwarlock-43862 жыл бұрын
Thats really funny cause that's why I'm here too! I wan't to play a bard and I'm look around at different drums and there are so many cool drums I didn't know about!
@onebadhombre71585 жыл бұрын
Love how the Djembe sounds! Bright and crisp!
@PDro119 жыл бұрын
It's ALL from Africa, Cajon as well. Doesn't matter where it was created. Thank our ancestors for the gift they left and enjoy the music.
@TheChapen8 жыл бұрын
Afro cuban who came from Africa brought the concept there with them. So your "originated" idea is falsewood. Do you think that English "originated" in Australia when Europeans arrived there? Do you think that is a coincidence that Conga, Samba, Bongo... are all African words?
@PDro118 жыл бұрын
Aleke Chapen Was this directed at me or the previous post?
@TheChapen8 жыл бұрын
+DRO NOYB I was answering to Mariivoire who claims to know the "origine" of Conga.
@PDro118 жыл бұрын
Aleke Chapen Understood. I get what she is saying. The drum itself was created in Cuba, but you are also correct. The concept of the Conga drum is due to the knowledge of the Africans brought to Cuba. In other words, without Africans there would be no Conga either way.
@MilitantExtremist7 жыл бұрын
goku what are you doing here?!?
@bonzeroo Жыл бұрын
Delightful video! It's really great to see folk having a complete blast playing their respective drums, even if it's only for a brief moment. Thanks for sharing this !
@MyEyesBled4 жыл бұрын
Just imagine if politicians could enjoy working & communicating together as well as these two musicians do?
@May525254 жыл бұрын
America.... and other countries would be in a much better place.
@julen94384 жыл бұрын
@@May52525 America is a continent bruh
@somonolivier13914 жыл бұрын
@@julen9438 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
@duscodick4 жыл бұрын
This is a horrible analog for policy making
@MyEyesBled4 жыл бұрын
duscodick
@FertassiFarah4 жыл бұрын
I really love the man at left he looks so happy, such a positive vibe :P
@argonwheatbelly6377 жыл бұрын
Brethren, this is what what will make world peace. Bless you, both!
@davidmcaninch47147 жыл бұрын
Drums are the best instruments ever!!! Whether you're a contemporary drum set drummer (if that made any sense), or a traditional percussionist, the drums, in my opinion, give you a lot of options and liberties to use to your advantage!!! Drums are love. Drums are life!!! 🥁🥁🥁🥁🥁🥁🥁🥁🥁🥁🥁
@jamescarter86993 жыл бұрын
So many types of tones come out of the Djembe. It is like a full drums and cymbols set at the tips of your fingers. And more easy to carry.
@karasays014 жыл бұрын
This is amazing! Just purchased a Djembe recently to improve my rhythm in my music
@rylie55764 жыл бұрын
1:13 WOW I HOPE EVERYBODY CAUGHT THAT
@therian22183 жыл бұрын
Lmaoooo
@YaoEspirito10 жыл бұрын
They both sound very lovely. I would have mentioned, though, that a significant part of the difference in the sounds comes from the thin goat-skin on the Djembe, versus the thick cow-skin on the Conga.
@brainsareus10 жыл бұрын
or goat skin
@CondescendingOaf9 жыл бұрын
mano a mano Agreed. Also the shape of the drum as well as the thickness and type of wood it's made from. I used to make Ashiko style drums and used goat skins and there was a significant difference in sound (and weight...lol) from a half inch thick shell to a 1 inch thick shell as well as a difference from a soft wood (like pine) to a hard wood (like maple).
@Andre-hk1mz4 жыл бұрын
Creo que se podria hablar también un poco sobre la historia de los instrumentos. Aunque estean hoy muy difundidos la conga es un instrumento afrocubano, viene y carga una historia y una identidad. El djembe tambiém tiene su historia y su contexto. Creo que seria muy interesante presentar también este encuentro, que no es solo sonoro pero de culturas y trayectorias
@kanashawnee11 жыл бұрын
Pure African and Afro-Cuban...it's all beautiful!
@yudahel85216 жыл бұрын
Dawn Eshelman It's only Cuban, no need for the afro
@xtine30806 жыл бұрын
Yudah El Afro Cuban is needed considering the fact Cuba is mostly white. The instrument is from Afro Cubans.
@listenup28824 жыл бұрын
@@yudahel8521 Afro Cuban. Most people downplay the vast African contribution to Cuban and "Latin" music. They need to be reminded.
@listenup28824 жыл бұрын
@@xtine3080 mostly mixed.
@Callebravo4 жыл бұрын
Why don’t we just call it Latin percussion?
@babah195110 жыл бұрын
I would have preferred it if the conga player had played a real conga from Africa. It would have matched up better with the Djembe' for this demonstration. The difference being the African Conga has pegs on the side of the drum instead of metal for tuning the drum. This give it and entirely different tone when played. The Djembe' is from Guinea, Mali, Senegal, Ivore' de Cote'. The Conga is from Nigeria, Benin, Ghana, Upper Volta, Congo. The Djembe' is used by the Mandinka people, SuSu people, Felani people. The Conga is used by the Ashanti people, Yoruba people, Ibo people. With that being said this was a good demonstration of mixing the two drums together like we have done in my band The Black Butterflies.
@Odderek10 жыл бұрын
Don't forget, the djembe is also used by my people! Haha
@josecaraballo63266 жыл бұрын
@@Odderek And who you people might be, yorubas!!!!!
@mypanexogamouslineage9655 жыл бұрын
I love the fact that djembe was paired up with a Latin American drum. Showing the diaspora.
@bacicinvatteneaca5 жыл бұрын
Broke: Côte d'Ivoire Woke: Ivore' de Cote'
@cindywhiteway4 жыл бұрын
I just bought my first musical instrument at 59 years of age and wished I'd done it years ago after hearing kesseke Yeo teaching and playing with drummers on commercial drive in Vancouver. Drum circles draw my ears and wake up my body as though it had been sleeping all it's life! Today was my first day with my new drum and what a day sitting and learning her tones! Hoping to wake others up while I'm in this awesome chapter of life! Thanks for explaining the Djembe origins, one question is was it historically played by women?
@no1reallycaresabout2 Жыл бұрын
Damn these dude's voices are so chill
@CountryGirlNOhio11 жыл бұрын
My husband has a Djembe drum like that...I have a Turkish style MEINL Darbukas . Beautiful sound.
@malahamavet6 жыл бұрын
Now I want a drum so I can play like the guy on the left. He is awesome
@kcoxDrums9 жыл бұрын
M'bemba Bangoura!!! My teacher, I was his apprentice in NYC.
@temitopefaleti70533 жыл бұрын
Lucky you; it's hard not to smile when you see him smile in this vid :)
@lionfishphylum407914 күн бұрын
Thanks for sharing.. for those wanting to hear more from djembe master, M'bemba's playing,, check out his 2023 Album, Baarakan, with Luke Konden, on the major streaming services.. it's a treat!
@thomashunter36208 жыл бұрын
That guys smile is infectious :)
@terrymiller1114 жыл бұрын
He's the Bob Ross of conga.
@armandoemiliano27648 жыл бұрын
the djembe has way better bass
@renovationnorwich77498 жыл бұрын
but the conga has a better tone hehe
@josecaraballo63266 жыл бұрын
Armando Emiliano djembe sounds like a big bongo to me
@TheCcentury12 жыл бұрын
Thanks for sharing this joyful teamwork!
@alexdrastico78407 жыл бұрын
I played djembé for a while, it's so freakin HARD to get that high-pitched tone right
@buddee72827 жыл бұрын
Two very nice instruments played by expert players. Thank you very much.
@13bcoffee7 жыл бұрын
The drum was given the name "conga" in Cuba. The drum itself is from Africa. In Brazil the drum is called an "atabaque". Sometimes you hear the term tumbadora to refer to one with a deeper tone. African slaves imported to Brazil made the drums upon arrival in Brazil mostly to practice their religions of which candomble is still practiced today in Brazil. It is similar to santeria which also uses drums. There is also the bomba drum which is played in traditional music in Puerto Rico and elsewhere in the Afro-Carribean and Afro-Latin America. That too is a type of oversized conga.
@malikasilla14757 жыл бұрын
Yudah El No they are not. They are of bantu and West African origins. FACT! Just because YOU deny your roots, doesn't mean others do it as well. Let these people claim theirs.
@trivedijv4 жыл бұрын
Djembe master what a happy man. Thank you both the drum masters.
@BouseFeenuxTV2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for playing for us!
@christopherlynnjohnson27065 жыл бұрын
Much Gratitude for sharing this!
@swordsoffire221210 жыл бұрын
Djembe is KING
@twerpantine10 жыл бұрын
disagree congas are much more versatile,i play both.
@malikasilla14758 жыл бұрын
Yes I love djembe.
@CursedGirl744 жыл бұрын
I agree
@miaferrarastudent61574 жыл бұрын
i like how they sound together
@hisuiuzumaki83263 жыл бұрын
BEAUTIFUL I LOVE DRUMS!!!! Especially the ones of Cultures. Love Africa man, yall amazing!!💜💜💜💜💜💜💜
@yudahel85216 жыл бұрын
The exact history of the conga drum seems to be a bit misunderstood. I've read various articles that seem to point to either an African or Cuban descent. However one thing is sure: that the name 'Conga' is actually used incorrectly in the U.S. In Cuba, where these drums were developed, the word conga is usually only applied to a drum and rhythm played during Carnaval (or Mardi Gras in the U.S). A more accurate term, used in a traditional sense and by most Spanish-speakers, is tumbadora. This term is not traditionally applied to the drums played in Carnaval, but for those played in most traditional and commercial Cuban music. According to Nolan Warden's brief history on the Conga drum, Cuban rhythms were picked up and popularized by the U.S. media in the early to mid-1900's when people were freely traveling to and from Cuba. This led to many U.S. pop-culture explosions of "Latin" styles, one of which was la conga. Even today, a watered-down version of the la conga rhythm isn't hard to find at public gatherings throughout the U.S. This and other pop-culture use mistakenly led to the word conga being used to refer to all Cuban drums of similar construction. The word tumbadora, which is considered more accurate among Cubans and aficionados, comes from the folkloric style called rumba (not ballroom rhumba). Since rumba is considered to be responsible for the musical development of these drums, the word tumbadora is used out of respect for that setting as opposed to conga, which is a more commercial term. Today, it's not really necessary for English-speaking percussionists to call these drums tumbadoras. Congas or Conga Drums works just fine! The country Congo in Africa wasn't called Congo until 1960, it's name was changed to Zaire in 1971 by then President, and then in 1997 the then president renamed the country to the Democratic Republic of Congo. The tumbadora is native to Cuba. Thanks
@classicepisodesofcrimewatc99713 жыл бұрын
Cretin
@lauripotter32477 ай бұрын
This is awesome! I'm about to teach my 8th graders about world drumming. Thanks guys!
@babah195110 жыл бұрын
I read some of the other comments. It is not about which is better, it is about what culture the drum comes from. Some of these comments are made with no understanding of the culture that originated the drum nor do they care. They think it is just an instrument to be played. But if you know the culture of the drum, then when you play the drum you get the spirit of the drum and then you can make music. The Conga is not a Afro-Cubian drum or a Spanish drum, it is an African drum that was made by the African slaves that was brought over to the West Indies. The African slaves maintain their culture, even in their religion, and the drum was a part of that culture. The same is true for the Djembe' in West African. Both are dynamic in their own way and together even more dynamic. However you have to have people who knows how to play both to truly be able to blend the two together. These two drummer know how to blend the two together even though it was a short demonstration.
@bethbartlett56928 жыл бұрын
Awesome - Love the sound of these together
@jonathankiss50298 жыл бұрын
Beth Bartlett b
@Seremonii4 ай бұрын
The Djembe drum always ALWAYS get me going.
@crowncastmedia4 жыл бұрын
I get the feeling like one couldn't sound better without another 🔥🔥🔥
@profaneera69626 жыл бұрын
I love djembe's player smile
@jeffv20743 жыл бұрын
I could listen to that all day
@DianaGonzalez-wh7ul4 жыл бұрын
Love these music instruments.
@suzannedawson41204 жыл бұрын
Thank you! You guys make an awesome duo!
@mickydub34 жыл бұрын
7 years on youtube and i only just found this vid ........... " GREAT STUFF "
@PaulHoward1084 жыл бұрын
The two players' skill are on different levels.
@paapakobe4 жыл бұрын
Good vibes with Mbemba. Hasan forgot to mention the skins are totally different! Conga = thick cow skin. Djembe = thinner goat skin. The shapes distinguish the tones also. It was over too soon!! :)
@ktoto-ro4 жыл бұрын
it's a pleasure to see good people and listen nice sounds!
@elydelacruz9 жыл бұрын
And for all those arguing about were the conga is from: the conga was created in Cuba. The conga comes from the djembe, the ngoma and the Djembe and earliest traces of the drum come from Africa. There is that better?! Hahaha don't beat me up lol
@elydelacruz9 жыл бұрын
Woops. Correction: "comes from the djembe, ngoma and the bata (as when the Africans came to the Americas as slaves they didn't being with them the drums but their culture which they continue to practice in the Americas with what was available here (from what the French, the Spanish brought over (plus possibly what the Indians had left behind))
@rsenger129 жыл бұрын
Happy Birthday Ely
@elydelacruz9 жыл бұрын
rafael germosen Thanks Raffy!
@michaeljones38029 жыл бұрын
Apparently most of the modern/popular hand drums are Afro-Cuban.
@MrAmisto9 жыл бұрын
+Michael Jones Depends how you quantify popular, India has a very high population, and they have more different hand drums than any other country in the world.
@rushadmickennzi78717 жыл бұрын
The conga came from the Kongo drum, this is a typical Central west african drum...
@RPM17765 жыл бұрын
Rushad Mickennzi read the title “african drums”
@DavidRodriguez-wh7yz5 жыл бұрын
@@RPM1776 the conga come from Cuba man
@RPM17765 жыл бұрын
LEWIIN from africa to cuba
@RhythmNotes4 жыл бұрын
It's far more complicated. The conga drum was created in Cuba by Africans and was part of an evolution of drums that were basically African drums recreated by enslaved Africans in Cuba. If you want to learn more, check out this brief history www.nolanwarden.com/Conga_Drum_History(Warden).pdf It has references from scholars like Fernando Ortiz, probably the most prolific Afro-Cuban music historian of the 20th Century.
@ronathandaman10 жыл бұрын
Why is the description about cake?
@emamariaarce13567 жыл бұрын
MUSICOS INCREIBLES!!Placer para mi oídos!!
@MertensHelbelga4 жыл бұрын
does Dembow has to anything with the word Djembe?
@thatriverrat85348 жыл бұрын
All Respect to Both.. But,.. lol =) The Djembe is where its at for me & I'm a Bongo player, so you would think i'd lean Conga, but nope. I'd take a Djembe in a circle any day =)
@Bembeleke5 жыл бұрын
Of course you would the djembe is a drum circle drum the conga is not you have to work twice to be heard versus having a Djembe
@yahseek10 жыл бұрын
This is great. Thank you. I have both drums and never really understood the difference.
@yudahel85217 жыл бұрын
Give me the American Drum, it sounds much deeper and soulful. I love that 808,
@andresvaldes55687 жыл бұрын
Yudah El The Conga is a Cuban drum
@yudahel85217 жыл бұрын
Andrés Valdés Is Cuba not America?
@andresvaldes55687 жыл бұрын
Yudah El Anything from Alaska down to Argentina is part of the Americas.....but the conga drum should still be referred to as a Cuban drum to avoid confusion
@jimwortham86344 жыл бұрын
Thanks for video my teaching bait does not sound anything like that one needs Mega tuning
@lyetaherb47036 жыл бұрын
So Beautiful All from Mother Earth She is So Amazing. You Brothers Did an Excellent job 🙌🎵🎶
@diamondage44075 жыл бұрын
Lyeta Herb im pretty sure everything we own is from mother earth lol
@ddvantandar-kw7kl Жыл бұрын
There was another instruments from the traditional history I wonder if you guys are aware of it some where in the beginning of 19 century
@ddvantandar-kw7kl Жыл бұрын
Outstanding performance
@ChristyKreitlow-df4ld Жыл бұрын
Thank you
@Fangsinurface10 жыл бұрын
That's a beautiful conga. What make is that?
@amadeo10010 жыл бұрын
2 wanderfull instruments in harmony ... and the drums soun good too
@josepmir45306 жыл бұрын
Nice, but... Does it djent(be)?
@ultramanxk79 жыл бұрын
Different sounds, both interesting though...
@inscritphill4946 жыл бұрын
is that pele?
@Kubakaiser3 жыл бұрын
Which one has more bass? Great video, BTW!
@luzdestrella94194 жыл бұрын
Buenas tardes ustedes venden los Djembe
@MegaMatojo8 жыл бұрын
Yo no se, pero a eso que le esta llamando "Conga" en mi pais le decimos "Tumbadora"
@damon123jones4 жыл бұрын
one of my favorites
@soccerplayaFYC2 жыл бұрын
Wonderful learning experience, thank you
@adeleajeh36656 жыл бұрын
Wow I love these instruments..am going to have one soon ..
@djsweatysac18424 жыл бұрын
Beautiful sounds.
@waterwave36010 жыл бұрын
very unique and a different style of music. Amazing!
@yarah133 жыл бұрын
They sound dope together
@ClubNoiseband6 жыл бұрын
Which conga is that? Is it in production?
@TheIronEgg8 жыл бұрын
Is M'bemba related to Babara Bangoura?
@mattman34205 жыл бұрын
"Woow i hope everybody caught that" 😄👌
@dengueberries4 жыл бұрын
i love how they just look about to start laughing constantly. pure joy
@choppytde60306 жыл бұрын
This is a very sweet video, thanks for sharing it, you two rock
@Mafioso17313 жыл бұрын
Can you do one for bongs and timpani? I get those two confused all the time. That and the Cajon and snare always confuses me.
@ElenaCarvajal4 жыл бұрын
I like the sound of them togther. Perhaps because I have had hearing damage, is that the djembe sounds very good to me.
@opus888884 жыл бұрын
The conga drum of video is Cuban, because it has metal mechanism for tuning the drum. African drummers visit Cuba to study Cuban rhythms.
@pikiopikio25503 жыл бұрын
THE CONGA IS FROM KONGO KINGDOM, NOT THE CUBAN , GO TO THE HISTORY PLEASE
@opus888883 жыл бұрын
@@pikiopikio2550 Conga is 100% afro-cuban from Cuba, 0% from Kongo
@pikiopikio25503 жыл бұрын
Metal or not no change the history, you can contact the black cuban of matanzas . NOT from the spanish the conga please for my eanglish.
@pikiopikio25503 жыл бұрын
THE METAL CAN NOT CHANGE THE HISTORY OF AFRICA. AFRO-CUBAN ARE FROM AFRICA NOT MADRID OR BARCELLONA. NO FORGET YOUR SPANISH ORIGIN . NO THE CONGA IN MADRID OR BARCELLONA IN THE HISTORY, BUT THE KONGO KINGDOM.
@pikiopikio25503 жыл бұрын
@@opus88888 AFRO IS AFRICA NO THE SPANISH OR MADRID OR BARCELLANA. YOU FROM EUROPE . AFRO FROM AFRICA, THIS IS SIMPLE. YOU CAN GO IN THE MUSEUM OF CUBA , THE CONGA IS VERY BLACK. THE METAL NO CHANGE THE ORIGIN OF THE CONGA DRUM
@radimbartosek53569 жыл бұрын
This vid makes you smile :)
@salsalanguage6 ай бұрын
Super dope video! Thank you.
@joeyv43624 жыл бұрын
However conga is usually 2 congas slightly different sizes like 2 inches apart in difference
@bassilredman943010 жыл бұрын
Does anyone know a book that tells the story of the African origins of Latin American music? There is a lot of African styles and rhythms in many places all throughout Latin America, not just in Cuba. I would like to learn more about this...
@bassilredman943010 жыл бұрын
thanks! I'll check those out
@alisalcedo229010 жыл бұрын
There is a collection of books entitles "Los Instrumentos de la Música Afrocubana", published in 1952, where the author reviews hundreds, yes, hundreds of instruments both African and Afrocuban or criollos that were present or are still present right now in Cuba. He delves into rhythms, where the ethnic groups who played the instruments come from, and if they are Afrocuban instruments, he goes on to explain the process of development of the Afrocuban instrument. The author's name is Fernando Ortiz, and his sources where either 1st generation Africans in Cuba or their children. It's an extensive, extensive work and it is considered the Bible of African and Afrocuban instruments in Cuba and its music for the serious Cuban or Latin percussionist, and Cuban ethnic or folkloric music aficionado.
@bassilredman943010 жыл бұрын
Ali Salcedo That's fascinating. I will definitely check that series. Thanks for the reference!
@proberaum70154 жыл бұрын
Sonoc Congas de Cuba?
@pikiopikio25503 жыл бұрын
NO THE CONGA IS FROM KONGO KINGDOM IN CENTRAL AFRICA , NOT FROM CUBA
@Alrukitaf4 жыл бұрын
Sensational man, grrooovy sounds!
@fredstasek753710 жыл бұрын
Made me smile! Excellent piece!
@millifilmm10 жыл бұрын
I like the conga better
@alfredomunoz96514 жыл бұрын
SIEMPRE FELICES HERMANO... TODO SUENA BIEN SABROSO SI ESTA BIEN TOCADO