Do Black Holes Have to Be Black?

[@adned6281]

"As long as by colour you mean quantum chromodynamic charge" Of course, what else could I mean. I love it here xD

[@PATRICKDORSEY-l3z]

Stop acting like you know what that means.😐

[@MdnghtEther]

Lmao same.

[@didack1419]

Commendable bait

[@CristianmrWuno]

If you are familiar to Q-LED and LED colors you would be familiar with that term

[@TheAlex29494]

​@@PATRICKDORSEY-l3zwhere did he ever claim he even did

[@jenbanim]

This channel is the gift that keeps on giving. May it last forever

[@intelligentcomputing]

If I re-watch this 10^35 times, I might actually understand the nuanced implications of everything that Matt said.

[@KonradTheWizzard]

That might pose a problem: there is a strong possibility that the protons of your display (or any replacement display) may have decayed long before you finish those 10^35 views. So you have to be rather quick about it.

[@EconAtheist]

['someone that will eventually show up in the thread and see your comment' mode] "Not really that difficult. I, when I was about 9 years old, independently discovered quantum chromodynamics and published in Canada.... but you've probably never heard of the scientific journal." [/'someone that will eventually show up in the thread and see your comment' mode]

[@intelligentcomputing]

@@KonradTheWizzard i'll re-watch it at 1000x

[@mho...]

just watch all the black-hole & related videos on this channel & all becomes clear 🤓 easy^^

[@fipachu]

You can buy a Ford black hole in any color as long as the color is black.

[@genericalfishtycoon3853]

Every Ford is a black hole as far as your wallet is concerned.

[@arthropoda2225]

The Ford Prefect model black hole comes with a complementary towel. Good luck getting it out, though.

[@1112viggo]

Awww! But i really, really want the new quantum chromodynamic charge!

[@oracleofdelphi4533]

Next you're gonna tell me that white holes aren't white.

[@1112viggo]

@@oracleofdelphi4533 Yeah, its the same kind of people who'd claim Garry Coleman ain't a brown dwarf star.

[@ericbromberg6022]

I recently met Elba and David (the researchers mentioned in this video) at a conference. Both of them are super nice, great speakers, and very impressive minds! Super cool to see their work featured here!

[@MJ-revered]

Do they smoke weed?

[@ericbromberg6022]

@@MJ-reveredi didn’t ask

[@MJ-revered]

@@ericbromberg6022 Bummer but they must have been cool AF!

[@tastysidewalk4676]

What was the conference?

[@charliehuggins3773]

Damn imagine your PhD thesis getting picked up by PBS Space Time, insane for this guy.

[@randallpetersen9164]

Well he's doing his thesis at MIT, so I would guess that PBS Space Time isn't high on his list of who to impress.

[@babaG819]

​@randallpetersen9164 that was my first thought but this kind of attention is arguably better.

[@charliehuggins3773]

@@randallpetersen9164 I'm a PhD student, I was thinking how exciting it would be to not only have outreach within academia, but a broader more public scope. Science is more and more about publicity and marketing as time goes on. (Also because *I* love this channel, I'd bug out if it was my thesis)

[@rileyjoseph3488]

@@randallpetersen9164 PBS is public programming. With a huge focus on STEM. 100% there’s some very important people in the science community that are working with or work at PBS. I mean look at Matt.

[@EconAtheist]

@@charliehuggins3773 best of luck to you and the remaining stuff relevant to your doctorate endeavor!

[@calmkat9032]

You're telling me we have Strong Holes out in space? Fundamentally unserious place.

[@dembro27]

I’m a fan of both “strong holes” and “degenerate matter”.

[@Flesh_Wizard]

Could there be Weak Holes? 🤔

[@Vernon-gn9wb]

Im thinking take the middle of that bell curve and assume the primordials are both small and large.

[@obi-wankenobi1750]

@@Flesh_Wizard after I get to them…

[@juliavixen176]

​@Flesh_Wizard There's not really a "Weak Charge" except that Electric Charge is actually one of the four Weak interactions. This will take a while to explain, so just lookup Electroweak Unification. (It's what the Higgs Mechanism is for.)

[@callenkoester9078]

I’ll never not be amazed at the visual aids on this show. So well done every time. A real treat!

[@opengnosis8555]

Hope everything is alright, man, I really appreciate your videos, and I know it can't be easy to get this all done, make the videos, and also, think deeply about the stuff you guys broadcast, everyday. It is deep, and very, existential stuff. Thank you always man.

[@themice42]

2:03 "they are in contact with the cosmic doorknob" verrrrry droll, made me chuckle to a quantum level after a busy day. Thanks for that

[@adned6281]

Me too man, space time alwayys makes me at least chuckle

[@AdrianBoyko]

I have a t-shirt that says “In contact with the cosmic doorknob”

[@AdrianBoyko]

I also have a “I only have mass, spin, and charge” t-shirt

[@Turnoutburndown]

Was it a quantum busy day?

[@NeinStein]

This chuckle was detected by LIGO

[@StormsparkPegasus]

Technically Hawking Radiation is emitted on the blackbody spectrum, so all black holes have a color based on that. We've never seen one nearly small enough to have a visible color though.

[@supersonictumbleweed]

It would seem some are therefore coloured black lol

[@chrishill5511]

This is the color I first thought Matt was talking about.

[@StormsparkPegasus]

@@supersonictumbleweed Technically, all of them are. Every black hole emits Hawking radiation in the black body spectrum. But temperature is inversely proportional to size, which means most black holes are extremely "cold", so it's nothwere near the visible spectrum. A black hole has to get extremely tiny before the Hawking radiation is in the visible spectrum, and when it's that small it will be quickly evaporating anyway.

[@JohnDlugosz]

@@StormsparkPegasus The temperature is actually much lower than the CMB temperature, so BH's will appear dark against that background, and absorb far more radiation than they emit.

[@StormsparkPegasus]

@@JohnDlugosz Right. Theoretically, over time though (like 10^80 years) they will very slowly heat up. But that process won't even start until the CMB temperature lowers so they can slowly start losing energy. There will likely be no humans (or even life as we know it) by the time any of these black holes get hot enough to have a visible color.

[@zeycode0]

that's some smooth clickbait here i love it, keep it up pbs

[@KellersTechCorner]

Matt my wife and I love your videos, they really make our minds go crazy with the potential processes that go on in our SpaceTime, and of course I always have to watch with my latest SpaceTime merch Tshirt.

[@feynstein1004]

The Planck length is roughly the same orders of magnitude smaller than a proton than a proton is compared to a football. So a Planck black hole interacting with a nucleus is like a proton interacting with a football 😅

[@TrabberShir]

The great thing about charge is it acts at a distance greater than the Schwarzschild radius. Sort of like gravitational interactions that would allow those black holes to be dark matter. For the "size" when interacting with nuclei you would calculate the radius from the point source of that charge at which the interaction would occur. It would actually look essentially like a really big quark to the chromodynmic fields.

[@feynstein1004]

@@TrabberShir I didn't understand any of that 😅

[@feynstein1004]

@@jonathancarpenter5621 What are you talking about?

[@andrewallston3139]

Still my favorite science KZbin channel. Thanks for sticking with it for all these YEARS! ❤

[@joshuahillerup4290]

I understand the no hair theorem if it's supposed to be what happens as time goes to infinity with nothing else falling into the black hole, but I don't understand why it would apply to real black holes interacting with the universe around it

[@chekote]

What exactly do you mean by interaction though? The event horizon is called just that because no events occur beyond that point (from an outside observers perspective). So apart from Hawking radiation and gravity, black holes don’t really interact with the universe. They just consume it. At least that’s my understanding. I’m probably completely wrong, and I have no idea if this even answers your question at all😂

[@joshuahillerup4290]

@@chekote you're going to constantly have at least a bit of ionized material falling in through the accretion disc, and that's going to leave an electric change along the event horizon. It would eventually dissipate, but there's pretty much always something falling in. Combine that with the rotation, and to me the black hole should be having all sorts of intense but changing magnetic fields

[@mementomori7160]

@@joshuahillerup4290 But then it's not the black hole itself but black hole with the accretion disc, it's like saying that humans posses the ability of flight(through planes). I think quazars are also exactly what comes from said magnetic fields created by the accretion disc

[@joshuahillerup4290]

@@mementomori7160 I'm talking about the surface of the event horizon, which is really what the black hole is

[@radfordmcawesome7947]

what the theorem really says is that any 2 bodies with the same mass, angular momentum, and charge will produce black holes that are indistinguishable from one another. all other differences are wiped out, so to speak. the magnetic field is derived from the charge and spin, so what you said is still true. the theorem does not say that there will be no magnetic field

[@Antymatters]

Imagining black holes forming and trying to pull the fabric of the universe as the fabrics expanding out even faster than the Blackhole can pull and b/millions of blachholes being flung in every direction like there absolutly nothing just blows my mind

[@mistahtom]

I love the intro. I like how we enter the right slit only to leave the indeterminant slit 0:33

[@KeithCooper-Albuquerque]

Great video, Matt and team!

[@YogiMcCaw]

Welcome to PBH Spacetime!

[@nillchen]

In 0:12, shouldn't the lower 'half' of the 'flipped up ring' rotate in the opposite direction?

[@ChristianR-i3g]

I'm so glad I have no idea what this dude is saying. It's so interesting and way beyond my understanding. I love it.

[@beatadalhagen]

I have been waiting for this for many years.

[@devilslamp7306]

Watching the progression of title changes in this first 24 hours has been a wild ride.

[@robrice3760]

In contact with the cosmic doorknob is my favorite phrase of the month

[@Hirome_Satou]

I never thought about the possibility of dark matter being countless Planck black holes. Now that I've heard it, it seems like such a perfect explanation for why there's so much mass out there that we can't see.

[@digitaltreehugger3800]

I was able to understand discussion of PBH for ten minutes, but then I had to stop and have a PBR

[@BartonChittenden]

Or a PB&J for the teetotalers

[@tastysidewalk4676]

Yo I just searched for color charge black holes on Google I love this channel so much

[@seanurquhart3179]

I've been watching a really long time, but I'm not sure if I remember an episode that delves into theories about what happens to matter on a quantum level inside of a black hole. You've talked a lot about massive and general objects with black holes or hawking radiation at the surface, but how do things like quarks act once they cross the event horizon? Are they torn apart like larger objects, and what does that imply for the idea that they then generate another pair of quarks, but maybe only to be torn up again? Is there a "foam" of particles/virtual particles popping in and out of existence or does that go out the window? Would quantum fields themselves be different and act differently inside? Are there many theories that delve into that worth talking about?

[@shipwreck9146]

If a black hole had a plank length event horizon, its mass would be 1.08x10^-8 kg. r_S = (2GM)/c^2 Plank length = 1.62*10^-35m c = 3*10^8 m/s G = 6.67*10^-11 N*m^2*kg^-2 M = 1.08*10^-8kg.

[@jo_crespo11235]

Excellent video Matt and team, keep the hard work.

[@alexanderhemming6148]

Thanks for existing, not patronisong and being that super informative thing i strive to understand ❤

[@zacharywong483]

Absolutely stellar explanations and diagrams here, as always!

[@overlord7523]

In a black hole, gravity is the force that doesn't allow the photons to escape. Could there be another kind of hole that traps light but using any of the other three fundamental forces?

[@telotawa]

if you have a black hole that has the mass of an up quark, and the spin and charges associated with the up quark - is it just the same thing as an up quark?

[@inplainview1]

Perfect timing for this. I was just reading about heavy seed smbh's so this is helpful.

[@Blackmuhahah]

don't asymptotically free gauge theories usually exhibit antiscreening instead of screening? which then would create incredibly large forces between the colour charged regions of space/black holes in the early universe, at least after the QCD phase transition, maybe even before for these highly charged objects

[@theslavegamer]

I believe the idea is that color confined particles have an interaction cross-section far larger then the black hole's color charge range. Of course it would have an effect on the surrounding environment and certainly so in the very early universe but if existent, in the modern universe they would exhibit screening.

[@Jodie-G198]

I'm not even a pregrad astronomer, and feel like I'm auditing a real class. If just to hear the prof. blow my mind on these heady concepts.

[@Ny0s]

Very intriguing as usual!

[@belg4mit]

Pre-confinement, would color-charged holes attract one another and merge to try to balance things out?

[@theslavegamer]

I think thats a good point but I also imagine it wouldnt neutralize all of the color charged black holes after the QCD phase transition and the rapid expansion of spacetime

[@TheRealSkeletor]

The Color Out of Space rises again!

[@robbabcock_]

An exciting notion! I'm eager to see where it goes.

[@SuperCharlie-fb4vw]

1:30 Black holes can have only 3 properties... but charge can be multiple properties by itself: electrical, color. Why not say it has 4 properties?

[@katraapplesauce1203]

Colour charge only applies to quarks afaik

[@catherineoneil6657]

I thought Matt was going to talk about the end stages of an evaporating black hole when it starts radiating a lot more particles. I would guess there would be many photons of various energies making the black hole colorful. Just a guess. Interesting episode!

[@erikwislinsky5961]

Is there a good comprehensive video on the earliest ages of the Big Bang? Fascinating stuff

[@beingmindful9273]

Mat you and the team are amazing please continue ad infinitum. Im sitting in a melbourne cafe while my wife shops, and brain's spinning from the podcast. So please be gentle with my comment. Once the first atoms settled from a super hot plasma, it was uniform. We needed to theorise (with good justification) inflation. Then the tiny perturbations could allow gravity to work on forming galaxies. Surely the same problem exists for a quark/gluon soup. Too uniform for black hole formation, let alone coloured blackholes. An earlier inflation? Your thoughts? Hmm. What repulsive or attractive forces exist between quarks at such extreme energies? Could that account for a non uniformity? Now my tea is cold. Love your work. Thank you so much.

[@Quintuple1]

Would the Hawking radiation from such color charged black holes be somehow color charged itself? Or would color charge be permanently lost in the black hole? How does that interact with the black hole information paradox?

[@bengoodwin2141]

About the primordial black hole thing, wasn't there research that suggested there could be primordial black holes 5x the mass of the earth, and that one might explain a missing distant planet in our solar system?

[@kaseyboles30]

Thing is where that distant planet is such a huge volume finding a Jovian planet out there would be the equivalent of picking out your favorite individual virus in the great lakes.

[@bengoodwin2141]

@@kaseyboles30 of course, but our telescopes are incredible, and with enough time and effort we will find whatever is out there.

[@kaseyboles30]

@@bengoodwin2141 Yes, a LOT of time and effort. Though advances in automated image examination will be the big speed up. It's just not been long enough relative to the search field.

[@EasyYoutubeAI]

00:06: Black holes are defined by their absence of light and gravitational pull. 00:39: Two main types of black holes exist: stellar and supermassive black holes. 01:28: Black holes have three properties: mass, spin, and charge according to the no-hair theorem. 02:25: Colour charge from quantum chromodynamics could allow for colored black holes. 03:14: Theoretical existence of color-charged black holes could influence the universe's structure. 05:01: Black holes formed in a quark-gluon plasma could potentially be color-charged. 07:00: Primordial black holes may have formed shortly after the Big Bang. 10:10: Tiny primordial black holes could capture significant color charge during formation. 11:25: Hawking radiation limits the lifespan of small black holes, affecting their existence. 12:03: Color-charged black holes might maintain their charge due to surrounding hadrons. 13:51: Planck relics could represent primordial black holes that retain color charge today. 15:00: Theoretical foundations suggest colored black holes could help understand dark matter.

[@brothermine2292]

Wouldn't the fraction of primordial black holes with non-neutral chromodynamic charge be much smaller than the neutral fraction, due to the statistical probability that the region of space in which the PBH formed was or wasn't neutral?

[@pootyting3311]

Dr. O'Dowd somewhat covered the factors that would affect those probabilities in the video. Depending on the size of these primordial black holes or the distribution of these charges would determine if a PBH ended up getting a net charge color or net neutral. What you say would stand to reason, though I imagine looking deeper into the research for some approximate numbers or measurements to work with would help. Possibly the paper cited in the video. In any case, these tiny relic black holes possibly surviving to the present day and maybe even being dark matter is a fascinating hypothesis. ✌️

[@brothermine2292]

>pootyting3311 : In the video, Matt talked about the necessity of PBHs to be small to have had their surrounding region of space be non-neutral. But necessity doesn't imply sufficiency. Some regions surrounding that particular PBH size would be non-neutral, and some would be neutral. My question is: wouldn't MOST regions surrounding THAT particular size range be neutral, so that most PBHs of the size that could be non-neutral would be neutral?

[@kencochrane2885]

1:41 i don't know if speed matters when determining properties but I'm pretty sure blacksholes move. Surely its speed in space is a differentiating factor

[@charoleawood]

i am so happy that creative Big Bang shout outs are being done again --- can we bring back comment responses and homework as well? Please?

[@keeblebrox]

That new intro is beautiful 🤩

[@Numba003]

The thumbnail for this one is beautiful, lol. That aside, thank you for another interesting look at QCD. I never thought of color charge potentially applying to black holes. God be with you out there, everybody. ✝️ :)

[@mistahtom]

Are we sure that the charge fluctuates back and forth from +/- which then produces a frequency which we perceive as “spin” with our instruments? 3:06

[@Seraph.G]

12:48 Is there a version of this image without the hadrons on top? It would make a great desktop background.

[@yoshida_chad2393]

Just finished watching the previous video and now a new one!

[@LackeysVinyls]

Can you do videos explaining the weak force please?

[@GeoffryGifari]

But wouldn't black holes having color charge end up creating an imbalance of color in the leftover matter? shouldn't this be detectable?

[@chrysallen1522]

I love physics but I also really enjoyed metroid prime on the GameCube as a kid and the music is making it so hard to focus lmao

[@shawns0762]

The fundamental phenomenon of dilation explains dark matter/galaxy rotation curves. Mass that is dilated is smeared through spacetime relative to an outside observer. It's the phenomenon behind the phrase "mass becomes infinite at the speed of light." A graph illustrates its squared nature, dilation increases at an exponential rate the closer you get to the speed of light. A time dilation graph illustrates the same phenomenon, it's not just time that gets dilated. Dilation will occur wherever there is an astronomical quantity of mass because high mass means high momentum. This includes the centers of very high mass stars and the overwhelming majority of galaxy centers. The mass at the center of our own galaxy is dilated. This means that there is no valid XYZ coordinate we can attribute to it, you can't point your finger at something that is smeared through spacetime. In other words that mass is all around us. Dilation does not occur in galaxies with low mass centers because they do not have enough mass to achieve relativistic velocities. It has been confirmed in 6 very low mass galaxies including NGC 1052-DF2 and DF4 to have no dark matter, in other words they have normal rotation rates. All binary stars have normal rotation rates for the same reason.

[@craigcapen1728]

1. Does the Higgs foeld impart a ''charge?'' 2. Can Black holes get Weak hypercharge? 3. Since the Weak force only affects left chirality particles, and black holes have the same three attributes as particles, can the weak force interact with black holes?

[@alessandrodaddazio5483]

At around 10:50, it is mentioned that, in a color-charged extremal black hole, the effect of the color charge would counteract the effect of the gravitational pull, making the event horizon almost disappear. Does anyone have any insight on how that would work exactly?

[@stevemaricar4350]

It's fascinating to think about these color-charged PBHs potentially influencing our early universe and even offering an explanation for the elusive dark matter.

[@pootyting3311]

Indeed, that would be quite the interesting possibility for dark matter. A vast number of tiny black holes which have been undetected aside from their combined gravitational forces suspected to shape galaxies, etc. Since it seems dark matter makes up such a significant fraction of all matter, black holes in general would not be this rare exotic oddity that we have more or less grown up believing, but instead a common and important part of the universe, helping shape the universe. Large scale black holes would simply be a larger manifestation of similarly-created dark matter all around us. Fascinating.

[@bluesque9687]

Cant stop milking black holes for popular science content! It just keeps on giving!!

[@sudokode]

As a crayon, I can verify black is indeed a color

[@obi-wankenobi1750]

Rah?

[@slugface322]

As a white guy, I can testify I'm devoid of colour.

[@hughlion1817]

It's funny how in color theory, white is the absence of all colors but light itself is the opposite: we only see white in the presence of visible colors

[@KonradTheWizzard]

@@obi-wankenobi1750 No, not "Rah". It's RAL - RAL 9005 to be precise. 😜 (SCNR)

[@tehNashty]

What the frick, Matt? I am still trying to wrap my head around stellar black hole formation and all that mass becoming a singularity!

[@bengoodwin2141]

You could have a black hole with normal color via hawking radiation. They'd have a "color" determined by their temperature, which is determined by mass. For basically all of them, this would be a wavelength of light very far past infrared, but ones a tiny fraction of a second before evaporation would glow, going from red to yellow to white to blue, too fast for anyone to actually see.

[@Deaclavilis]

Yes. Also, they tend to spread gama rays in small sizes - theoretically.

[@bigsarge2085]

Fascinating!

[@karamkassir7035]

Very interesting topic ! ⭐

[@Lucius_Chiaraviglio]

If a black hole with color charge evaporated, it should kick out color charge in the form of free quarks and/or gluons. Also, if spacetime right before color confinement had significant regional fluctuations in color charge, some of it should get trapped as free quarks and/or gluons, with a subset of such particles being prevented by the speed of light limit from being able to organize into color-neutral pairs or triplets by the completion of color confinement. I have read Doing a brief Google search mostly reveals experiments to detect fractional charges from around 1981, but apparently Stanford has some more recent experiments (but their page on such experiments associated with the Stanford Linear Accelerator unfortunately doesn't report the results). Finding out just how low the density of remaining free quarks is should provide constraints on how fast communication of color charge could travel -- presumably thereby equally constraining the value of c -- during the onset of color confinement in the early universe. Below a certain density of free quarks, this should imply that c had a higher value then than it does now. Of course, if micro-black holes could exist and even temporarily hold color charge, that would throw off the above relation between residual free quark density and the primordial value of c. If magnetic monopoles ever existed, and micro black holes existed at the same time, then these micro black holes should also have been able to hold magnetic charge temprarily.

[@gravelpit5680]

Ofcourse, its realy complicated. Lol. love this channel.

[@Hippeus26]

Question about the quark-gluon plasma: if the gluons in the plasma are “unbound” and free-floating, as opposed to being constrained within structures such as protons, why would there be “gluons” in such a plasma, since the gluons emerge only as the “binding” that constrains the quarks within those structures?

[@JKDVIPER]

Yes. Because at a base we’re talking about GRAVITY. Gravity is a weak force but when we add that much mass, collapse and condense, empty space is gone and everything is stuck. Not to mention but have you ever stood next to a thick dense wall on a cold winter day? Made you colder didn’t it? That’s because objects flow from a warmer substance to a colder one. That flow demands that a black hole must be frozen and stuck. Way too stuck. Ever jam something in too tight? Ok. Picture placing 1,000,000 solar masses in a space the size of the moon. That’s a lot of gravity, no escape velocity, no word holes, no way out on any side. A thick heavy element mass In subatomic particle form, at a glance, it’s a super compressed liquid. But it acts just like a SOLID. If you got stuck to it, you’d stick to the edge. There’s no tall structure on a neutron star or black hole. They are balls of compressed HELIUM 4 that basically crush the strong and weak nuclear forces.” 💯imagine matter so crushed that there’s nothing there but you can’t go through it.” 💯🤙🏿😉

[@doublepinger]

11:09 "It is theorized to reduce reduce the black holes mass"

[@RottnRobbie]

For anybody else who - like me - listens carefully at 11:09, but doesn't hear this flub: It's not anything Matt says. It's a typo in the extra information text box that appears on screen at around 11:02 and vanishes at 11:10. (My theory is that the super-intelligent beings who create this content put it in to demonstrate that the editors _can_ err, and are therefore more likely than not to be human).

[@NateSchoonoversAdventures]

Very interesting episode! I always wondered about the age of the universe. How can we put such precise times on the formation of particles after the big bang? The scientists must have used an estimate for the density of the early universe. Did they look at everything around, and say this much stuff had to be in one point? I always thought we had no idea how big the entire universe actually is due to the horizon issue. So, changes in the amount of stuff that needed to be in the big bang, would change the time frame in which the particles could form after the big bang. Then there's the whole thing about time dilation around massive objects. Is 20 minutes after the big bang, even a meaningful measurement? I wish you still did Q&A from the comments! Love the videos! Keep blowing my mind!

[@petergreen5337]

❤Thank you very much Matt . I have learned a lot

[@zinkist]

I'm probably applying the concept badly, but this video made me think: If for every Action there must be an equal and opposite Reaction... And the Universe formed from a "Big Bang"... Then wouldn't there need to be a "Big Collapse" as well? To form the opposite Reaction. So then wouldn't it make a lot of sense for tons of Black Holes (of collapse) to form in response to the Universe coming into existence? I was thinking how it all reminds me of a Firework Show, but in reverse. Like countless Fireworks going from an exploded state into a condensed state, something different than imploding, more like "constituting". Kind of like bubbles merging together I guess, but on an individual basis.

[@obi-wankenobi1750]

You are fundamentally misunderstanding that statement.

[@michaelsommers2356]

The equal and opposite thing is just a way of saying that momentum is conserved. It can't be extended to things that are metaphorically opposite to each other.

[@Beldizar]

I had a black hole question I was wondering if you'd be able to address. Suppose you have a non-rotating supermassive black hole, and a ship which is hovering in orbit a safe distance away. If a stellar black hole was traveling in a perfectly straight line from the opposite side, and fell into the super massive black hole, would the ship be able to detect the increase in gravity as the smaller black hole's mass is added to the larger one? Gravitational waves can't travel through the black hole and out the other side because they travel at the speed of light and can't escape. And if the incoming black hole was exactly on the opposite side of a much larger black hole, would that information bend around, or would some of it get lost? I assume this doesn't work if the larger black hole is rotating, since that rotation would spread the information out. Would we expect the ship to measure no change, some change, or the entire change in mass of the larger black hole?

[@MichaelSheahan-d3x]

Is there an energy density estimate for the big bang? Does this imply a limit for gravity? Was the net force at that instant an outward pressure? At the Planck volume? If the universe started from a singularity, it would make sense that an infinite amount of singularities broke loose from this "infinite" density? I realize we have all of this cool technology from current descriptions, but my brain shuts off and wants to know why this "initial infinitely dense" singularity all of a sudden broke up.

[@Tutul_]

And what happen if those black hole merge with bigger primordial (those that might be the seed for the SMBH), shouldn't that transfer the color charge to bigger black hole?

[@frankharr9466]

How interesting. Thank you.

[@goransolheim8772]

15:14 freaky ahh space time outro what if instead of pbs space time it was pbs freak time

[@SaraGreathouse]

Is it possible for PBH's to account for dark matter, mathematically? Is there an episode answering this directly? Sincerely, a seeker

[@matthewparker9276]

They do have an episode that looks at that.

[@matthewparker9276]

It's called What if Dark Matter is Actually Black Holes.

[@dicyanoacetylene6220]

Looking up the mass of a plank relic black hole, I got 1E-8 or around 10 nanograms. Roughly 10 quintilion (1E19) times the mass of a neutron if I did the conversion right, could be a power of 10 off.

[@Anonymous-df8it]

Surely these coloured primordial black holes could survive into the modern universe by absorbing colour-neutral hadrons before it could decay?

[@luizbotelho1908]

The interaction of Quantum Yang Mills fields with classical or a supposed existing theory for quantum gravity could be as well a "terra sconiciuta" . Will the expecting confining of color charges be removed by a fluctuating metric of the space time?.It could be interesting to formulate Wilson Lattice Yang Mills theory or QCD on a random Lattice (simulating a fluctuating space time) and see what happens with confinement of charges by the Evaluation of the Wilson Loop , if possible at all.

[@spinnetti]

I like it... feels "comforting" somehow to explain dark matter. A whole lot of "ifs" seems to violate Ockham's razor principle though.

[@ishalef3933]

Question "Do quarks exert thermal radiation pressure. If they do and combine that with the rapid inflation after the big bang, wouldn't it be impossible for primordial black holes to form?"

[@dennisestenson7820]

I kinda think the visible universe is entirely inside the event horizon of a black hole.

[@magellanicraincloud]

How does electromagnetic charge even make sense from the other side of an event horizon? Once an electron's light cone isn't interacting with the wider universe any more how could the event horizon be said to have a charge?

[@iamthebubblelady]

Thank you for this. I was stumped on the idea that black holes could me dark matter

[@CrystaTiBoha]

If only I was 11 years younger so I could be that annoying student at the back of the lecture hall with a snapback cap on so that I can catch the particle physics lecturer and interrupt him when he talks about confinement, saying it's not always true and such.

[@aaravsharma-q4s]

Hey @ pbs space time.....there is a book ( black holes: a student text 3rd edition)... In order to comprehend it's maths , what are the maths chapters /courses one should have knowledge about....seeking ur reply

[@detrotsid]

Uh, does anyone else hear a background noise in the video? I hear pretty much constant sound that I first thought was my neighbour poking a radiator or something, but it stops when I pause the video and resumes when I unpause. Seems that it continues even with the stable volume setting disabled.

[@smartass8268]

So how do we build the detector now?

[@ThinklikeTesla]

Is it even possible for a black hole to emit a particle with color charge via Hawking Radiation? And if one did, how could that particle, in a sea of neutral color charge, ever find a partner?

[@Nathan-vt1jz]

How does time dilation work in the conditions of the early universe? We frequently talk about time dilation near a black hole, but not about in the early universe. Wouldn’t that have a significant impact on our estimate of the age of the universe?

[@johnwollenbecker1500]

I might’ve missed how this could be a reason for matter being left over after the great annihilation.

[@ChrisSudlik]

Man I saw the tag line and I thought this was going to be about some new black hole simulation that takes redshift into account and gives us the appropriately colorful black hole pic. Still, really interesting vid.

[@IsYitzach]

Personally, I would expect that colored-charged PBH to fragment producing jets and neutralizing. But i don't know much about them at all. So what do I know?