Dog Play or Aggression?

How can you tell if this is play or aggression between dogs?
Growling can be a warning or aggression, but it can also be part of play.
Biting and tackling can be aggressive or it can be play.
Play will have some or all of the following at times:
1. Self-handicapping - the dogs will inhibit their biting force to prevent actual harm to the others.
2. Role Reversals - the dogs will take turns being the biter/tackler/chaser and being the one receiving the bites or being tackled/chased, etc.
3. Activity shifts - there will be some breaks, or the dogs will change their behaviors some: some chasing, some play biting, etc.
4. Meta-signals - dogs will give signals like play bows or play face to let the other dog know their growling/tackling/biting/body slamming will be play rather than real fighting.
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