Solving the crisis in cosmology with black holes as dark energy?! Night Sky News November 2024

[@DrBecky]

Go to ground.news/drbecky to stay fully informed with the latest Space and Science news. Save 50% off the Vantage plan through my link for unlimited access this month only. - AD

[@sgpsimonb]

Acquired, purchased and diving in...

[@kataseiko]

I have a request if you have the time for it.. According to some Science KZbinrs, the data from the Webb Telescope shows that Dark Matter has been a mistake and they say that Modified Newtonian Dynamics appears to be the correct theory. I'm looking forward to hearing your take on this. Also, Ground News doesn't work very well for Europeans because most of the websites block access from Europe. They simply don't want to comply with the laws in Europe, so they block all traffic from Europe.

[@alldeeplearning949]

Your cat is chubby ... ;-) don't worry mine too ...

[@ozzy6162]

@@kataseiko Be sceptical of 99% of what you see on KZbin. There are a lot of problems with MOND last I read so I doubt that's changed.

[@essaboselin5252]

The ancient CRT monitors had one major advantage - they were big enough and warm enough that the cats would curl up to sleep on top of them, and they couldn't knock them over.

[@steffenbendel6031]

And they have an after glow like objects falling into a black hole (without the red shift)

[@stevena105]

You need a CRT to play old games like Duck Hunt and Hogan's Alley. The Zapper won't work with LED screens.

[@Metalkatt]

@@essaboselin5252 I remember someone saying something about hertz refresh rates not mattering on CRT ones, but I don't know the validity of that.

[@vernlindbergs3221]

yes, but they would also pee into them because the hot PCB in early monitors (and other electronics) released a smell similar to urine.

[@fedfraud.protection.servic2557]

​@@MetalkattLight pen needs the raster scan to pinpoint position.

[@lordmuntague]

@<a href="#" class="seekto" data-time="1453">24:13</a> "Pressure pushing down on you..." Wasn't that part of research released by Bowie, Mercury and collaborators c. 1981? 🎶

[@SpaceFrogFromOuterSpace]

V. Ice ripped of their paper and tried to pass it off as his own research 😂

[@jamesengland7461]

ba na na na na na na

[@tonydelamancha5513]

brian may of queen is also an astrophysicist

[@TAP7a]

@@SpaceFrogFromOuterSpaceright, a pithy title like “Ice, Ice, baby” doesn’t make up for such blatant academic malpractice

[@therealpbristow]

[NODS] As frequently cited by Sabine Hossenfelder. =:o}

[@scarletkinkajou1]

As much as I hang on your every word during these, when Pippin is in the background anything you are saying becomes white noise 😄

[@leegarratt887]

Dang. I fell for that, too.

[@benjaminhanke79]

I could not skip the ad. 😊🐈🐱

[@B4cch4nte]

I propose a new paper, "Cats And Their Effect On The Success Of Science Communicators"!

[@rickyspanish4792]

wait, was there a science communicator in this cat video? 😋

[@chaosmarklar]

Cats like learning too, they don't have to be looking at you, they hear all, and cats do experiments on gravity, that's why they'll push things off the shelf and slap other things off

[@tinlizziedl001]

Having a Cat-TV youtube video on that monitor would definitely skew the results :)

[@Mothprove]

I realy want to read it :)

[@RebeccaGorham-c9u]

oooh a night sky news, i love- CAT. THERES A CAT. OH MY GOD CAT

[@daveseddon5227]

What is that person doing on a CAT video? CAT: there she goes again - bashing the camera around! 😼

[@Metalkatt]

Skipping ad bit--oh, kitty! I can't skip the kitty!

[@PhilMason1972]

❤

[@Nethershaw]

​@@Metalkatt Pippin the kitten is going to get sponsors all on her own at this rate. :3

[@ahcapella]

@@Nethershaw I figured that cat would be named “Quasar,” or “Sagittarius A*,” or some-such thing.

[@nickjohnson410]

Primordial black holes are the cause of missing socks in the dryer.

[@5nowChain5]

Personally i suspect its more to do with UAP and Visitations by Alien Overwatch fcuking with us! Did you have a bad nights sleep, lost time and dont know where it went? Time to setup cctv to try to catch them out.

[@Sinnistering]

Hubble, imo, should be indefinitely maintained until we can (1) fund a true replacement and (2) bring it back to Earth. It is just too important of an observatory-and too accessible-to let it decay like another piece of space junk. Hubble not only unlocked countless scientific breakthroughs; it brough the public back into space in a way we haven't seen since the Apollo program. It truly belongs in a museum.

[@iamjohndeleon]

1, agree, 2, if return to earth will divert funding from other researches, space or not, I'd prefer just giving it a proper send off in space.

[@MCsCreations]

Agreed. As doctor Jones would say, it belongs in a museum.

[@MCsCreations]

​@iamjohndeleon You forget about the amount of resources it could generate from tickets to see it in a museum.

[@JosePineda-cy6om]

Deorbiting such a big, heavy object in a controlled descent wourd be a nightmare. I believe it'd be easier and cheaper to give it a final push into an orbit that's beyond geosynchronous. That way it'll stay there for hundreds, if not thousands of years, serving as a powerful beacon, a monument to the ingenuity to our species

[@johnbrobston1334]

@@JosePineda-cy6om A couple of days ago we saw roughly 10 times that mass deorbit in a controlled descent. Hubble will fit in the Starship payload bay with room to spare and is about a third of the mass it's designed to handle.

[@Zurpanik]

My heart is broken about what could happen to curtail the research over the next years, and I know those who will do all we can to help. There needs to be an international effort that the US will return to as soon as we can - 🖖 Thank you Dr. Becky for the videos! They will be so valuable over the next couple years!

[@fwill182]

You need to start thinking about putting telescopes into SpaceX Starship and take advantage of the reduced cost of mass to orbit that booster reuse gifts to science. Get your mind past the politics and your lack of control over Starlink.

[@katywalczak9839]

"interesting" ... such an optimistic word for such circumstances

[@tonydelamancha5513]

@@jeffreygrant817ah just copy pasting this comment to different threads. bit much?

[@jeffreygrant817]

@ not really, I rather enjoy challenging the paradigm

[@seerofallthatisobvious1316]

I love when your cat makes cameo appearances in your videos, such a pretty kitty.

[@EricDavidRocks]

Me, too! Hi cat!

[@EShirako]

And such a happy kitteh, too! :)

[@cranieldaig5293]

Thankyou for your content Doc, you’ve revitalised a love of the cosmos in me that’s been dormant for decades, keep that passion coming!

[@Jkesler85]

<a href="#" class="seekto" data-time="1450">24:10</a> Pressure? Pushing down on me? Pushing down on you? No man asked for...

[@taimunozhan]

Negative pressure. Pushing up off me. Pushing up off you. Actually a quite few men and women asked for (most astrophysicists mainly)

[@steveperks7054]

(Freddy) Mercury is now orbiting in my head....

[@liz4v]

I love the sass of counting "if"s

[@nkronert]

I kept thinking "And IF you can find them, maybe you can hire the A-Team". 😊

[@rickseiden1]

Congratulations on 750,000! 3/4 of a million! You are one of my favorite science communicators and my favorite astrophysics communicator! Absolutely deserve all the subscriptions!

[@robertsretrogaming]

Very interesting stuff as always. I definitely don’t understand the black holes as dark energy concept. I mean, I sort of do but not really.

[@spookydonkey2195]

Spider cat, spider cat. Doing things that a spider cat can.

[@andrewmorton9683]

Cat appears to be trying to alert you to a problem with the displayed data?

[@SergieCode]

I wanted to focus on the video, but I can only see the kitten playing with the screen 😹

[@edwinscheibner7941]

Thank you, Dr. Becky.

[@gilmartinez8833]

I'm so tired of people saying: "don't bring politics into..."... if you haven't already realized it, Govt controls every aspect of your life. Whether you like it or not. Who's in Govt matters because your life matters

[@thomasdjonesn]

If you are a human being, you are political, and you are a part of your government, whether you like it or not. The decisions you make have consequences. You can't win, you can't break even, and you can't stop playing the game.

[@thomaschumley3904]

When can we expect Astrophysicist Cat merch? 😊

[@BlinkinFirefly]

Omigosh your kitty in the background is being too cuuuute! ^^ Perseids is my favorite meteor shower too, but I'm still so sad the moon is gonna outshine the Geminids shower :( Not like I can see it well regardless since I live in the city. Thank you Dr. Becky as always for putting in the time and energy and knowledge into these videos! I always look forward to your posts! This one about dark energy being coupled with black holes was a bit dizzying but still fascinating. I need to rewatch though I think to fully absorb lol

[@CMansfield]

Don’t worry too much about conflicts of interest - it's almost certain that the new US administration won’t. At all.

[@jamesengland7461]

😂😂😂

[@Soken50]

@@jeffreygrant817 Sure thing Ivan

[@jeffreygrant817]

@@Soken50 okay sheep

[@Ergzay]

You're unironically correct actually. Elon Musk doesn't need any additional funding and isn't interested in it. If anything he'll catalyze an increase of budget for NASA.

[@MrMctastics]

@@ErgzaySpaceX is a contractor for NASA which means he gets funding from them almost by definition

[@Metalkatt]

"Is there a conflict of interest?" Yeah. Yeah, I'll just stop you there. Yes. All the conflicts of interest. And not a single one of them being the public interest.

[@chaosmarklar]

Elon wouldn't be known if not for his government funded tesla and space x

[@jbou5984]

Theres rumours of sls getting canceled tho, which would free up a ton of the budget

[@chaosmarklar]

@Metalkatt conflict of interest, Elon's space x and tesla get the most government funding and contracts and was just put in the Whitehouse

[@tonydelamancha5513]

@@jeffreygrant817the war has been pre-antagonized. putin _started_ the war by invading a country. the point is to not reward oligarchs that want to steal land through military means

[@MrAlRats]

​@@chaosmarklar Wrong. Tesla doesn't receive any government funding and has supported the end of any tax credits for electric vehicles as they are unnecessary. Tesla is in a better financial position than the rest of the automotive industry. SpaceX won all the government contracts that they are part of through a competitive bidding process and are either uniquely able to provide the service or the cheapest in the commercial space industry by a wide margin. SpaceX and Tesla are the most consequential organisations for the future of humanity in this century and therefore removing any roadblocks to their missions is very much in the public interest. Elon Musk was not just put in the Whitehouse, he is heading a new voluntary government consultancy organisation along with Vivek Ramaswamy.

[@savageandthebeasts8388]

More Cat Bloopers please!

[@marcusdirk]

Cats aren't bloopers. We need a blooper section _and_ a cat section!

[@cslivestockllc138]

Pretty sure David Kipping has his eye to the glass on JWST as we speak. Can’t wait to see what his findings are.

[@amirpatel1934]

Cant wait to see the results of his current observations

[@EarlWallaceNYC]

Wow. That DESI discussion was an example of you'al pulling the public towards the professional's understanding. Nice job. But, I'll have to watch this video a couple of times.

[@KurtQuad]

Is there a point where the study of black holes reaches a limit since we can never truly know what's inside them? It feels like an insurmountable problem, as the best we can achieve are mathematical inferences about what might be happening. On top of that, we have dark matter and dark energy-phenomena we can't directly see or detect-and black holes, where we can't say with absolute certainty what's going on internally. How do you maintain your sanity while studying such elusive mysteries?

[@Narmatonia]

I was thinking earlier today that Jupiter was looking particularly bright, I guess that's why

[@Wolfje9346]

Evening Dr Becky. A pleasure to see you this evening!

[@Trecesolotienesdos]

I've liked astronomy since i was a kid, and as an adult your channel has helped me reignite it. thank yoU!

[@samuela-aegisdottir]

So the expansion of universe makes black holes grow and the growth of the black holes makes the universe expand? Isn't that a perfect perpetuum mobile?

[@stephenbrubaker5904]

So, from what I remember about Gaussian surfaces is that they can be used to explain the inverse-square law, the one we use to describe gravitation in our solar system, within galaxies, and between galaxies. These surfaces are also used to mathematically describe magnetic fields. As I recall from E & M which I took many decades ago, magnetic materials (not just magnetized ones) can affect the shape of magnetic fields. What if massive objects affected gravitational fields analogously? I mean, what if they did it in a way that was subtly different than the one Einstein's general relativity describes? How can we be certain that a massive object in the gravitaional field of another object does not affect the field in a way that is analogous to magnetic materials in magnetic fields? So, for example, lots of stars in a galaxy could change the gravitational "permeability" of space, flatten the Gaussian surface perpendicular to the field lines, and cause gravitational acceleration to decrease at an amount different from the inverse square law. I wonder, do small galaxies seem to have more missing mass, or large ones? If it's the latter, then I think this might be a helpful idea to contemplate.

[@primoroy]

SPONSERS note! When AstroCat is in the background, I DO NOT fast forward throught your information! Thank you! 🥰

[@KeKe-bv8qv]

I heard nothing in the first 20 seconds. All I knew was cat.

[@bobjackson6669]

Great video. I sent it to my gransons (7 & 11). They are genius children who I have been sending physics vidoes to since they were 3 and 7. I love physics.

[@arranlinton-smith1145]

Becky, I love your teapot constellation! Any chance we could now have a contemporary map of the night sky now to make it easier to explain what is currently happening to a much wider audience? 🤩🤩🤣🤣🤣

[@hamobu]

When they put the bowling ball on a trampoline to illustrate how mass warpes spacetime, notice that the surface of the trampoline increases. Just saying....

[@therealpbristow]

Around the ball, yes, but less so as you get further out. What it *doesn't* do is cause the entire trampoline to grow to the size of a house, and then just keep on going! =:o}

[@keiraferrari7764]

Sorry Dr. Becky, I didn’t get what you said. I was watching the cat.

[@martinkowalski6818]

What about the 5+ sigma result that black holes can form from the condensation of gas clouds and not only from star collapse?

[@jonmoore4050]

My first question on the black holes growth coupled to dark energy idea: what the mechanism of this coupling is (if it exists)? second: what prediction can be made to definitively test the idea?

[@martynspooner5822]

This was such a good episode, I just love the little things you can learn and yes much is often beyond me but that doesn't detract in any way from my enjoyment Thanks a Lot.

[@benjaminshropshire2900]

If black-holes grow from vacuum energy, what effect does that have on excluding primordial black-holes based on the missing observations of them evaporating?

[@TucsonHippy]

As much as I like looking up at the stars and other celestial entities, laying on the ground is a no-go where I live. I am in South East Arizona. And if you lay on the ground here you get to lay with scorpions, rattlesnakes, tarantulas, and other buggies. I know it sounds like a Monty Python skit. The site I go viewing at (Bortle 1/2) has a couple of snake sticks so you can move the rattlesnakes away from the scope pads and into the brush.

[@gervaisarsenault5698]

Nice to see your co host is back with you this week. Love cat she can come any time has long has you can do the show. Have a good week.

[@petepanteraman]

Ok so a paper was recently released describing black holes inner workings. It postulates that matter is broken down to dissolution, which then creates dark energy. If you can imagine how the forces inside the atom work, now pop those "bubbles" and what are you left with. This destruction of forces down to the quark level or beyond, will release a massive amount of energy. It's a fascinating dive into what happens to matter inside black holes and possibly might explain dark energy.

[@einarcgulbrandsen7177]

I find the new hypothesis that gravity can a limited range and the primordial black holes very interesting. The Gemini meteor showers is my favorite.

[@felipea1399]

"Conflict of interests" is not something that matters in most countries anymore sadly

[@Vladimir-hq1ne]

CAT! That's why I upvoted your video in 3 seconds 😸

[@ozzy6162]

VIDEO REQUEST: A video about the observations that suggest that it's possible for a star of a certain mass to become a black hole without going through the super nova process please Becky.

[@kendallparish5611]

I think black holes are dark matter stars that thru some mysterious fusion process creates dark energy. It's a similar process to regular stars we all see easily - except lots of dark antimatter and negative signs in the math. I'm not scientist just a fan with a poets understanding of your content. I wouldn't have clue on how to prove these ideas: but, it's fun to think about.

[@michaelrondeau5341]

I'm confused about pictures showing black holes. I think of it as a black ball with the event horizon formed as a donut shap of mass rotatiog around it. Like😮 the rings around Saturn . But when people try to represent the donut from different angles, part or the donut is squashed out to one side. Like the donut has a fat area or the donut is not all in the same plane. I hope this makes some sense. Can you explain why they look like this? Thanks, MIke

[@therealpbristow]

OK, the black ball is actually the event horizon; the donut around it is the accretion disk (i.e. all the matter that's spiralling around until it finally falls in, a bit like water spiralling around a plug-hole). The reason why one side of the accretion disk looks folded upward/downward/sideways, is because that's the side that's further away from us. The light that reaches us from there hasn't come in a straight line: It got bent around the back hole before getting far enough away to straighten out. (The light from in front is also slightly bent, but not as much, because it didn't have to come past the black hole to reach us.) So in reality, the disk *is* flat (which you would see if you saw it edge-on), but if you're seeing it an angle (which will usually be the case) you'll see the far side sticking out as if it's been bent round closer to the front. If you want to see what's really just beside the black hole - where the back of the ring seems to be - you actually have to look slightly further away from it.

[@objective_psychology]

Jupiter has been so bright lately! Blows my mind every year

[@JuanLopez-uv5tg]

❤ i love watching Dr. Becky before bed especially when she geeks out on Space 🚀

[@oomwat6101]

That cat has some serious floof!

[@makingnoises2327]

cosmological coupling is one of the most exciting ideas ive heard in years! so glad i caught this update, youtube decided not to show it to ke in my subscription box.

[@Reinforce_Zwei]

We need to make a second JWST, as well as the replacement to Hubble.

[@WilliamFord972]

Better start now. _Maybe_ it’ll launch by the end of the century.

[@olasek7972]

I suggest ESA should finally step up to the challenge, roll up their sleeves, get the budget and finally take a leading role in such endeavor

[@rvenugopalreddy]

Idc "cosmologically coupled" got to be my new favourite phrase, its just so classy✨

[@MattMcIrvin]

Like I said the other time, I find the "black holes as dark energy" idea really unconvincing from a *theoretical* perspective. Because Alan Guth already studied the behavior of what amounted to a black hole full of dark energy back in the 80s, and it doesn't do that. It looks like a normal black hole from the outside, and *inside*, it explodes into a new baby universe (yes, it's bigger on the inside, but not as well-behaved as a TARDIS), but we can't see that happening. This idea that exterior cosmology should somehow be coupled to what goes on inside the event horizon even though we can't see it... it doesn't make sense to me.

[@chaosmarklar]

When I was younger I had the thought that dark matter could be burnt out black holes, but their gravity and hawkings radiation kinda proves that wrong

[@MrEthan100]

Could the quantum warp inside a black hole really create a pocket universe, and, if so, at what order of magnitude would time be flowing more slowly than in the parent universe?

[@tkermi]

But the "exterior cosmology" is undoubtly coupled to what goes on inside the event horizon. Or are you saying that all of the gravitational effect comes only from the matter not yet passed beyond event horizon?

[@MattMcIrvin]

@@tkermi In general relativity, with a black hole that collapses from infalling matter, that's actually true. You can trace the external geometry causally back to the infalling matter before it fell in. Of course these are *primordial* black holes they're talking about, so there's no infalling matter and the past timelines presumably go back to some initial condition of the universe. But there still isn't any causal effect from stuff happening inside the event horizon. Only the black hole's mass, charge and spin ought to remain (and those are all determined ultimately by initial conditions).

[@tkermi]

@MattMcIrvin There are other competing theories to that. For example one presented on YT video "What is a white hole? - with Carlo Rovelli". Hawking radiation being a major factor on them.

[@robertspence7766]

I agree with your NASA budgeting concerns. Politics does matter sadly.

[@bzgraphicartist]

I love Night Sky News! Thanks Dr. Becky!

[@darrellroberts1715]

Thank you so much for explaining things so understandably. I really enjoy your videos.

[@Bobalicious]

Cats, because you're tired of having nice things.

[@ravenmad9225]

Cats are nice.

[@Bobalicious]

@@ravenmad9225 I agree, and so would the cat currently lying on my lap and incessantly clawing my belly.

[@anneanderson145]

<a href="#" class="seekto" data-time="1441">24:01</a> Excellent description. Thanks for the knowledge 🕊️

[@Nethershaw]

Science _is_ politics. There is nothing more political than the scientific pursuit of true knowledge. Never stop pushing.

[@kerolasa]

Just because you do not take an interest in politics doesn't mean politics won't take an interest in you. - Pericles about 2500 years go.

[@Spherical_Cow]

Why should only black holes couple to dark energy - instead of general concentrations of matter doing the coupling? As the universe ages, matter concentrates ever tighter into the cosmic web, galaxies, and all sorts of compact objects (not just black holes) - and all these mass concentrations pull on spacetime too. Then perhaps that locally stressed spacetime causes expansion of the surrounding relatively less-massive large voids and general intergalactic space, in some kind of a direct feedback?

[@WILLIAMMALO-kv5gz]

Dr. Becky. Wishing you and cat and kin and kind, all the best this holiday season. Its about this time of year that I usually fall into an infinite black hole so I know they do exist. Thanks for all your great postings of knowledge expanding videos...

[@while_coyote]

How cool would it be if it turns out there is a equivalence relationship between energy and spacetime, and black holes are converting energy directly into spacetime. We'd literally be made out of the fabric of the universe itself.

[@lepidoptera9337]

There is no such relationship.

[@TG-Maverick22]

Great video as always Dr Becky! Always enjoy your videos and learn a great deal. Cheers from USA, 5/5!

[@professortechnofox]

I just love your videos and the passion you have for astronomy and physics. Just a curious thought, can a black hole actually be made up of an exotic form of matter instead of a singularity? I appreciate your thoughts on this question. I know you are busy, so don't feel like you have to answer this question if you do not have the time for it. I just wanted to share it while I still have it in mind.

[@matthawkins4579]

Wouldn't primordial black holes have (very small) accretion disks? If so, what would that look like to an observer?

[@briankitchen6686]

Alas I live within 5 miles of Leeds city centre. We get so much light pollution that’s is ultra rare that we see any distant stars. The only thing we regularly see is the moon.

[@jojojojo2529]

Thank You, Dr Becky

[@duncanwallace7760]

Primordial Black Holes confuse me. I cant understand how something with the mass of an asteroid can have enough gravity to prevent light from escaping.

[@therealpbristow]

Because it's the *density* of the chunk of matter - and thus the strength of the gravity *at its surface* - that matters, not just the total amount of gravity as seen from a distance away. Any amount of mass, if packed into a small enough space, can be a black hole.

[@joyl7842]

I would love to hear more about the singularities at the center of black holes. What are they? What are their properties? What have we observed? What does the math say they are/do?

[@lepidoptera9337]

There are no singularities at the center of black holes. The singularity only exists in a mathematical corner case of the theory that doesn't exist in nature, not even if the theory was correct, which we know it isn't.

[@AlphaGatorDCS]

Please do a video on Quantized Inertia...since you did one on MOND, I think it would be great content. Thanks!

[@benjaminshropshire2900]

Regarding shipping humans past LEO: It's not worth even going to the moon unless the plan is mapped out to a point where earth could quit supporting the colony without the colony having any concerns about their long term, many generational, survival. You could presumably build, launch, land and operate a few dozen Curiosity/Perseverance type rovers for years for what it would take to put a less than dozen humans in one location for less than a year.

[@thamiordragonheart8682]

for going past the moon, definitely. Lunar resources are much more fuel efficient for doing anything large scale in low earth orbit than lifting metal, water, and propellant from earth, so that's one reasonable economic case that could support importing difficult-to-manufacture durable goods long term since it's not actually that far. There's also a decent chance of finding easy-to-access rare earth deposits on the lunar surface that you could mine very simply and that's high value enough to consider shipping back to earth, though I admit that one is a little more out there, and depends a lot on the difficulty of setting up or restarting viable mines on earth that don't poison the water table.

[@benjaminshropshire2900]

​@@thamiordragonheart8682 even for lunar mining, I'd question if it's cheaper to ship humans or robots. Other than dealing with equipment breakage and the like, I don't see anything humans would be doing that wouldn't be remotely operated, even if the operator is only in a pressurized rover 10m away.

[@MrAlRats]

No. The cost of space transportation into orbit and beyond is going to get orders of magnitude cheaper with rapidly fully reusable rockets and in-orbit refuelling of spacecraft. It will be far cheaper and far quicker to send humans to collect samples to return to Earth or build infrastructure for future missions compared to building custom-made portable space-hardened robotic laboratories. Proper space exploration requires sending humans or humanoid robots to the moon and beyond, and bringing back samples to be analysed by labs on Earth. Human space exploration is what is going to get the general public interested in space missions enough to increase the NASA budget. NASA should cancel the SLS program and spend that money on extending space telescope operations.

[@Soken50]

@@MrAlRats Too bad "rapidly fully reusable rockets and in-orbit refuelling of spacecraft" is still science fiction.

[@benjaminshropshire2900]

@@MrAlRats FWIW I'm not saying shipping human to deep space shouldn't be done. I'm only saying that shipping them their _just to do science_ is a waste of money, that you could get more science done with less lost blood and wealth by other means. No matter what happens to launch costs, it will almost always be the case that for the same launch cost you can get more science done on Mars if you don't need to pack along enough life support to keep a human alive for 15+ months, and the delta-V for the return trip. Sure, custom made rovers are expensive, but that simply suggests they should be mass produced. I'm not finding exact number, but it looks like it would be reasonable to put about a dozen big rovers on Mars at a verity of sites with a single Starship transfer. Likely more if you consider the Startship expendable. Each of those could reasonably be expected to do science for 10-20 years at a different sites. The same launch capacity as a manned mission would give you maybe a year at one site. For manned missions to beat unmanned on cost, you basically have to assume a permanent mission with immigrants rather than visitors, with people who will be born, live, retire and die of old age on Mars. And if that's the plan, then failing to plain for them to be resource independent of earth would be unethical and an eventual death sentence. And if the only reason to to put human there is as a marketing ploy without which you don't get funding, then that sounds to me like an argument that there isn't a good reason to do the mission at all.

[@PeterHamiltonz]

When you get goosebumps at the line "... supermassive black holes are my area of expertise...". 😁

[@BethBarany]

Lately here in the SF Bay Area, I've seen Jupiter, Uranus, and Venus, all in one evening!

[@MercuryIsHg]

Great, second half, of the vid as usual! Thanks

[@skeptophilia1509]

The "If Count" cracked me up....

[@Paul-od9fr]

If launch costs decrease significantly should we make and launch multiple JWSTs given the number of proposals for its use? I guess I'm wondering if replicating an existing successful design reduces the total cost significantly over designing a new telescope and taking on the risks of something new.

[@brianfitzgerald6833]

No blooper of Dr. Becky singing Under Pressure?

[@eilonpoem1587]

@DrBecky, your videos are great - I learn a lot from your explanations! I stumbled upon a (to me) very compelling explanation of dark energy as a consequence of vacuum energy in the entire Universe (not just black holes). There too dark energy was found out to be changing with time, and the values seem to resolve the Hubble tension. The key contribution to that work came from using vacuum energy normalization techniques from atomic physics, used to explain, e g. the Casimir effect, and applying them to the expanding Universe. This theory is known as "Casimir Cosmology", or "Lifshitz Cosmology", and it's been around (and to me it seems that it was mostly overlooked...) since 2019. Could you make a video about it, comparing it's assumptions to those of other dark energy theories?

[@Deuce133737]

So black hole size doesn't grow it gains more vacuum energy when space around it expands? Intuitive thinking it still probably has to have volume fit into, so extra dimensions are needed?

[@georgwrede7715]

Did I miss something? What would be the mass of the black hole visiting our solar system? Aren't Primordial black holes possibly of any mass? Including those of Asteroids? Then the effect on Planetary Distances would surely be way less than one meter?

[@davidknight3249]

Dr. Becky, if Hawking was correct about black holes slowly, or fast, evaporating, why would you expect some kind of high energy release when the black hole disappears? Does his theory show the black hole going out with a bang or a whimper-just fading away into "space"? If it goes out with a bang I would expect there to be indications of that as the black hole was shrinking when we ever find one to observe.

[@sunkruhmhalaci2592]

Hawking is the one that predicted the evaporation would go out with a cataclysmic burst after evaporating significantly I'm pretty certain? However, the larger the black hole, the slower the RATE of evaporation, so it'd be near impossible to notice on current universal timescales except for theoretical ultra small black holes. The smaller the black hole, the more and more the rate of evaporation increases, so when it hits its lower size limit it is a cataclysmically fast rate of energy loss. At least, that's our current theory, since while it seems solid, we still don't even actually know what black holes even are nor for sure how GR and quantum physics work together, and this expectation relies on both.

[@Galahad54]

Is the reason to reject regular black holes (3x Sol or larger) that we would see more gravitational lensing from currently unmapped black holes? And cool! The linking of black holes and dark energy is the first new idea that I didn't think of years/decades ago, that actually makes a bit of sense. It doesn't explain the hyperinflation phase, but as a topologist type, that doesn't bother me as much as other aspects. At least worth the time of reading the papers and running the maths.

[@mikeblake9761]

I’m not sure who the star of this channel is anymore, Dr Becky or her beautiful cat 😅

[@TheZerothbase]

don't worry about hubble..the budget will be $0 next year.

[@jeffmofo5013]

9 times over allocated time on JWST Or there's studies that overlap and want to study the same object. So they've allocated 9x studies that have similar observations.

[@canonest]

"If ifs and buts were candies and nuts, we would all have a merry Christmas." -Sheldon, TBBT

[@kilfoofan]

Could multiple groups use the JWST at the same time if their proposed area of observations would be the same, but what they would observe for would be different, giving more access to the telescope?

[@cilento9465]

Very good video, cheers from brazil

[@scisher3294]

Dr. Becky “the papers are reviewed blind, so we don’t know the authors”… I guarantee we all know whose paper it is when it says “I will analyze the collected light in search of EXO moons” 😅🤭

[@MemphiStig]

I always enjoy your Cat Sky News videos. 😻

[@kastenolsen9577]

Question. Is the Great Attractor a galactic mass black hole? If so, how many "galactic masses" does it contain? Use our galaxy as one galactic mass.

[@thirstfast1025]

When we start seeing those DART meteors, I wonder if we'll call them the "Anthropids"

[@RichardBurgmann]

Grear video as always, I wonder how hawking radiation and black hole evaporation complicates the picture regarding desi and the proposed cosmological coupling?