early medieval stronghold in Kalisz-Zawodzie, Poland

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🔗 foto.poczet.co...
📜 history of the object:
The stronghold was founded in the 9th century at a fork of the Prosna river on the site of an older Slavic burnt offering cemetery. In the 10th-12th centuries, it was one of the most important centers of the Piast state. The gord in Zawodzie experienced its greatest splendor in the second half of the 12th century, under the rule of prince Mieszko III the Old. This ruler built a stone (Romanesque) collegiate church of St. Paul the Apostle on the site of the castle, in place of an older wooden church. This church also became the burial place of the prince himself († 1202) and his sons Mieszko the Younger († 1193) and Bolesław Mieszkowic, who died tragically during the battle of Mozgawa in 1195. The defensive advantages of the stronghold were tested in 1229, when Konrad of Masovia, together with Russian reinforcements, attacked Kalisz. The defenders managed to hold the stronghold, which was influenced by both the stronghold's fortifications (a Russian source describing the siege mentions that the Masovian troops did not show much desire to storm), but also by favorable weather conditions (heavy rains, which probably caused the waters of the Prosna to rise and prevented the lighting of a fire). The fall of the stronghold in Zawodzie dates back to 1233, when the Silesian princes Henry I the Bearded and his son Henry II the Pious invaded Kalisz and destroyed all the buildings - the collegiate church of St. Paul was also said to have fallen into ruin. The Teutonic Knights were said to have carried out the destruction in 1331. From that time on, the stronghold lost any military or economic significance and fell into oblivion. Since 2008, the site has been an archaeological reserve. Part of the buildings were reconstructed on its premises, including the entrance gate with a palisade and a bridge, several cottages, a two-level defensive tower, box ramparts, as well as the foundations and part of the ground floor of the Romanesque collegiate church of St. Paul the Apostle.

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