Durum and Molle / Hard and soft in the music of the Renaissance

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[@FernieCanto]

This video should be a mandatory watch for all those people who go around KZbin making clickbaity videos repeating the dogma that "major=happy, minor=sad".

[@KonStafylides]

All the examples of "harshness" from major intervals from this period still sound happy to our ears, so I'm not sure what you're trying say It all depends on cultural context, but minor modalities will always sound more sad and major tonalities will always sound more optimistic and airy. There's just no argument to be made for these two specific modes, unfortunately. It's an oversimplification, but it's not "wrong" or "dogmatic". Just a really dumb thing to say that tells you someone knows nothing about music

[@FernieCanto]

@@KonStafylides "All the examples of "harshness" from major intervals from this period still sound happy to our ears, so I'm not sure what you're trying say" What I'm saying is that this "happiness" has been culturally acquired over time, therefore it's not inherent to the music, unlike many people insist.

[@frfrchopin]

It's about subjective opinion and theory, but I will personally say it has something to do with otonality/utonality.

[@ReinholdOtto]

In German, major = "dur", minor = "moll"

[@jakubolszewski8284]

In polish too.

[@Whatismusic123]

Also icelandic

[@1980subrosa]

What a great video!!! Clear, concise and deep, wich is almost impossible to find in the youtube universe!

[@antismatic]

In modern equal temperament, keys with sharps sound the same as keys with flats (identical interval sizes). However, in Renaissance tunings, this would of course not have been the case. How does this affect the aural perception of hard vs soft? And can we see this distinction reflected in the numerics for the older tunings?

[@TonyBittner-Collins]

4:50 Zefiro is actually the west wind. 😉 The Anemoi ( Ἄνεμοι): Zephyrus (Ζέφυρος): west wind (bringer of light spring and early-summer breezes). Boreas (Βορέας): north wind (bringer of cold winter air). Notus (Νότος): south wind (bringer of the storms of late summer and autumn). Eurus (Εὖρος): east wind (storm wind, not associated with any of the three Greek seasons).

[@nainposteur55]

This channel is a treasure

[@InventorZahran]

3:43 Johann Herbst accurately predicted the popularity of the Phrygian mode in heavy metal music!

[@JillKnapp]

Wow-- fabulous, fabulous video. Thank you so much for explaining this so well. I often wondered why such heartbreaking, longing words were written in what I considered "happy" major keys... and now I know! Thank you, thank you. I wish they taught us this stuff in music school. (I even studied early music, and this is still news to me.) Bravo!!

[@NateSassoonMusic]

never saw monte verdi music in this way before watching this. thank you for the great content!

[@felipegama]

Je suis très impressioné de la qualité de ce Video. Merci !

[@679tomi]

A very interesting video with profound implications, especially for the interpretation of older music. Bravo!

[@JesusRiveraPercusion]

Best sources videos for early music, I learn more with this than the university!

[@nahblue]

The flats as soft and sharps as hard /kind of/ agrees with J Collier's idea of the two directions of the circle of fifths; clockwise is brightening ("major") and anticlockwise is darkening ("minor").

[@musicalintentions]

I am a new subscriber. I can't tell you how much I enjoy your work!!

[@mathiasrosel224]

Thx for sharing this very enlightening video!

[@juan.g.escudero]

Lately, as a musical analysis teacher, I'm 'savouring' KZbin merely for this channel and Alan Belkin's

[@vaclavhrebec]

The same in here... EMS is the only reason why to visit YT once upon a while...

[@illibrocheparlaechecanta3337]

The word "bemolle" is a Si ( B = be) that in "esacordo molle" it was written "rotonda or mollis" because it was a semitone lower than the B From which be ( letter B) springs

[@515master]

Emocionante! Gracias por los subtitulos en español. Saludos

[@malzola347]

The acting at 00:04:30 is amazing

[@coosoorlog]

I love Dürüm!

[@kimurico1]

The Rore bit almost made me fall off my chair

[@Alfonsogoliardo]

Durum and mole (sic)... I'm hungry now

[@LCCWPresents]

Where has your channel been all this time

[@godsloved3]

Fantastic video. Please let me buy a copy of that "Zefiro Torna"!

Great video, do you want me to make subtitles in Spanish (for free) for your video? So, me and many spanish music teachers could use this video in their classrooms.

+Elam Rotem by email, bustena @ gmail (.com).

[@NiccoloSeligmann]

In almost every one of your more theory-focused videos, I find myself thinking "Wow, that concept is literally built into the lirone" and this is no different. The lirone is handily divided down the middle into durum and molle, and the two sides physically feel very different to play. I find myself "sinking into the resonance" on the molle side and "reaching into the string & pulling out the resonance" on the durum side...

[@bifeldman]

Brilliant.

[@donaldwright6617]

A superb video as are all that I've seen in this series. One minor quibble: at about 4:53 it's stated that Zeffiro is the southern wind. But surely Zeffiro (from Ζέφυρος) or Zephyr is the west wind!

[@ganaelschneider]

Thank you! awesome video as always :)

[@grocheo1]

Thanks!

[@dcfreak23]

I like it durum.

[@KalpaHettiarachchi]

Great 😊

[@dmitrysofronov8624]

Absolutely fantastic! However, I feel unsatisfied - I will need to get deeper into the subject, because I think there must be much much more to it! Thank you!

[@EarlyMusicSources]

of course, this is just an introduction. Keep researching and share your findings with us!

[@schonbergsjazzadventures2961]

Great!

[@MrJonahWhaler]

Thank you! Great as usually! Actually I always felt that even in later music major still kept that hard semanstics and minor - soft. It just got combined with other meanings. The same thing concerns sharps and flats... I always took sharp keys as.. hm.. sharp)) and flat as soft... probably it's cultural thing. Though I believe that for example Scriabin did not feel it that way?

[@LCCWPresents]

Dam I like improvising in b major that’s harsh mistro.

[@matcoddy6097]

Was anyone else confused by the hexachord rule "mi against fa is the devil in musica", when reading old texts such as J.J Fux "Gradus Ad Parnassum", and then (mistakenly) took it to referring to common (7 note) diatonic scale?

[@Nuberax]

Awesome video! Would you mind telling me who sang "Zefiro torna e il bel tempo rimena" in the audio you used? I checked the footnotes, but I may have missed it. :I Thanks! Keep up the great work!

[@EarlyMusicSources]

Nuberax it's from a live concert of Profeti della Quinta.

[@Nuberax]

Thank you!

[@3levente]

Wonderful and extremely informative video! Is there a way to create one on gregorian chant modes, and possible keyboard accompaniment styles?

[@Juno1849]

Thanks for the video! Was there really such a thing as a seventh mode? I have been told that it was a later construction, mainly used in jazz.

[@MaggaraMarine]

Yes, but back then "7th mode" didn't mean Locrian. Originally the eight modes were Dorian, Hypodorian, Phrygian, Hypophrygian, Lydian, Hypolydian, Mixolydian and Hypomixolydian. (Hypodorian is the same notes as the Dorian mode, but the range is from the dominant to the dominant an octave above, whereas the authentic Dorian mode has a range from the tonic to the tonic an octave above. Back then range mattered a lot because music was mostly vocal music, and this is why there was an authentic and a plagal version of each mode.) Ionian and Aeolian were added a bit later (mid-16th century) and Locrian was added even later (but it wasn't really used much in any music - it's more of a theoretical mode). BTW, Locrian is really not used in jazz either. It may be used as a chord scale (over m7b5 chords - but chord scales are just a way of targeting chord tones, they are not actual modes), but I don't know of any jazz tune that would be written in the Locrian mode. If there is one, I would be interested in hearing it. So in this video "7th mode" most likely refers to Mixolydian, not Locrian.

[@Ozarka741]

By 4th mode do you mean Lydian? If so, I don't understand why it would be categorized as soft since it is sharper than even major. I'm glad to have found your channel; it seems to me that if there was ever a conscious understanding of music it was in the Renaissance and Baroque, and you cover many concepts I hadn't even heard of before.

[@JT-jt2id]

I think it's: D 1.Dorian 2.Hypo-Dorian E 3.Phrygian 4.Hypo-Phrygian F 5.Lydian 6.Hypo-Lydian G 7.Mixolydian 8.Hypo-Mixolydian

[@still451]

Hi, really wish that you have the subtitle in Chinese...anyway, really thanks for your great video 👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻

[@dzc46278]

@ 3:51 , what modes specifically are being referred to? The numbering of modes is so confusing and my initial thought is that the 4th and 6th refer to the Hypophrygian and the Hypolydian respectively. Is this the case?

[@theopaopa1]

4:43

[@RosssRoyce]

Lol Sylvia Messagiera sports a romantic style vibrato

[@fnersch3367]

Fabulous but as always way too short.

[@BIZEB]

So they only thought about being angry or sad? Not happy? Delighted? In awe? Excited? What about music for religious experiences? Sounds odd that they'd only write about being angry or sad, which are both in our modern perspective words associated with bad emotions.

[@lidiagonzalezpelaez4459]

I DON,T LIKE

[@sacha522]

How durum are you :D

[@sacha522]

How durum are you :D