Geology 7 (Volcanoes)

Glad to have you studying with me! I have more content in the works and I hope you'll enjoy it. For those that are interested, the best textbook out there is this one: amzn.to/47VNed8. However, it's a little old now (two of the authors have passed away) and if you prefer a newer textbook, I would recommend this one: amzn.to/45UFDcR
For other introductory geology lectures: • Introduction to Geology
This lecture video covers how different types of volcanoes form, explores what makes them explosive, and discusses the types of rocks and landscapes they produce. I hope you enjoy it! Closed captioned.
For the lecture on Joints (mentioned in this lecture), here is the link: • Geology 15 (Faults, Fo...

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Links to content mentioned in this video: Origins of Magma and Lava: kzbin.info/www/bejne/d6C7hmWpiNd-b7M 
 Landslides and Mass Wasting: kzbin.info/www/bejne/Y3msm6CFiJWpeNU
 Geology of Mountains: kzbin.info/www/bejne/q2fMkJ5qn8l_i8k
 Faults, Folds, and Joints: kzbin.info/www/bejne/qYGte4dsr92XZs0 
Sunset Crater: kzbin.info/www/bejne/q5Kummeaisqjd6M 
Eruption in Tonga: kzbin.info/www/bejne/p32rq3mwZ9-sqqc

[@Sheepdog1314]

what is your preferred study book? Thank you for an awesome series

[@xochilsilva1357]

Do you have these PowerPoints available to the public? I would love this for study material to make flash cards

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

@@Sheepdog1314 In my opinion, the best textbook out there is this one: amzn.to/47VNed8 However, it's a little old now (two of the authors have passed away) and if you preferred a newer textbook, I would recommend this one: amzn.to/45UFDcR

[@josephanthony1655]

If I wanted to take a crash course on Geology would a certificate be ideal OR are watching these videos informative enough to get a good understanding ?

[@pacitagonzales5571]

I found a channel that explains the topics well, clear and easy to understand. Thank you.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Awesome, thank you!

[@ElMahjoubi]

Teaching online is not for everyone. With Paul Day, we see a non-traditional teaching with a mixture of illustrative figures, non-exhaustive accompanying text and well-targeted videos to experience the geological moment with emotion. In addition, the transition between parts of the same chapter and between slides is fluid. We are witnessing a demonstration of the effectiveness of on-line teaching which can replace face-to-face teaching in certain soulless lectures that are too old. Thanks a lot Paul Day.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thank you for these kind words! Teaching online isn't easy and I'm always striving to improve.

[@pltuck1]

I'm a mature Earth Science student in the UK and just wanted to say this is one of the best lectures on volcanoes I've seen on youtube. Really professionally put together. Many thanks and greetings from the UK.

[@sweetstace7]

I agree

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thank you so much for the encouraging feedback! Deeply appreciated!

[@roblangsdorf8758]

Great lecture. You make complex issues understandable.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Many thanks!

[@gabrielehanne580]

Thank you so much for this marvelous summary . I love volcanoes and am doing a lot of remote sensing concerning their activities . Hearing you talk about them was like listening to stories about my favorite friends . So thank you very much . I appreciate your educational efforts . This should be made available to kids in school . It's just such an exciting topic to learn more about.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thank you so much for the kind feedback! I hope anyone, including younger kids, who wants to learn about geology will feel free to check out my content. Originally I was just recording for my own students, but now I record with all learners in mind.

[@brettmorgan8508]

Thanks very much for this series. I’m taking my first geology class right now and this has been a great reinforcement for my class. I’ll be referring back as I continue my schooling.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Happy you are studying with me!

[@astromanian_UK]

I have been reading so many books and enrolling in so many online courses in geology. May I say your KZbin lecture series is the most comprehensive I have ever stumbled upon; I will stay on his channel till the last episode. Fantastic, thanks for sharing your knowledge.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Wow, thank you! I’m currently expanding and updating a bunch of videos so I hope you’ll be around for when I post those as well. Thanks for studying with me.

[@astromanian_UK]

@@EarthandSpaceSciencesXEarthandSpaceSciencesX Thank you! I certainly will... I'm really enjoying the content and your expert delivery.

[@CocomoCantaloupe]

Thank you so much for your videos. It's not easy to teach in front of a screen but you manage to engage your audience and share your knowledge in an interesting and understandable manner. I really appreciate it!

[@taimalik1110]

Probably the best teacher on KZbin...period! I would pay to watch these XD Thank you Professor Day! Your videos ROCK :P

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thank you so much for your appreciation!

[@heikeford2861]

Wonderful!! This makes me want to travel back in time to study geology and volcanology. It’s so interesting!! 🤩

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thank you!

[@gandyands]

As each lecture goes by, you are tying everything together so well! Thanks for the good explanations.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

You are so welcome!

[@asanisse5740]

You are a rock star in the educational space!! I got interested in mining and exploration a while ago and had no education in geology. Watched your videos and took notes which expanded to a 140 page document. I would love to see a couple of videos on mineral deposits (Porphyry, Skarn, CRD, Epithermal, VMS, Sedex, ...)(Gold, Silver, Copper and polymetallic Ag, Zn, Pb deposits) and a video on calc-alcaline and thoelithic magma series. If I may suggest a slight improvement to the lectures: consider making the background images in your slides a bit more faint/transparent to increase the readability of the text. This is not an issue in several of the videos but for example "Geology 23 (Geologic Time))" is tough to read. Pretty intense backgrounds there. Keep up the good work Professor :)

[@robertglas5854]

Incredibly interesting and very well presented!! I am working through all the different episodes in this series! Thanks for creating this series of lectures!

[@tinymetaltrees]

Wow! You’re still going! This is great! I just started your lectures randomly, earlier this week, and whenever I thought to look they were all older videos. I was just trying to identify the rocks that I use for my artwork, but now I know a bunch more! I’m a street vendor of tourist trinkets that I make with mostly local (Maine) rocks. I get a ton of questions and now I can answer a very great deal of them. Thanks!

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

That's an awesome story!

[@edmoon360]

Thank you! Thoroughly engaging, great visuals, perfect pace and great to have some unusual stuff too. Really excellent!

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Much appreciated!

[@yukii8818]

Thank you sooo much! It’s really difficult to find concise information on geology besides textbooks

[@rogerdudra178]

I've live in Montana since 1949 and been thru the Park hundreds of times, your lecture is very informative. Thanks.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Glad it was helpful and that it adds to your enjoyment of the park! I bet you have some great stories about visiting there.

[@jamesburke6078]

That's one of my favorite airplane videos... whole plane lights up from the friction created by volcanic ash! Shuts engine's down, then fires back up when the ash cooled in the engine! Awesome

[@jonadams8841]

Erosion is an incredible phenomenon. That eroded material has to go somewhere, and today most all of it eventually makes it to the Gulf of Mexico, slowly infilling that basin!

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

I just enjoyed a family vacation to the Mississippi Delta so I experienced that first hand just this last week!

[@Building_Bluebird]

This is excellent instruction. Very enjoyable to learn.

[@kathy2542]

I really enjoyed this lecture. Thank you!

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

You're very welcome! I worked hard on it and it seems to get a lot of positive responses.

[@vb1gbg]

1:01:32 is a great analog for plate tectonics. I think Harry Hess wrote about his observation of this phenomena back when they were arguing convection as the main driving force of plate movement.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

I’m thinking of using it in my new Plate Tectonics presentation I’m working on

[@vb1gbg]

​@@EarthandSpaceSciencesX You can also demonstrate this with hot cocoa and milk in a pot. kzbin.info/www/bejne/eXOxeGOkmLCee5I

[@getzvalerevich6565]

Loved the lecture.. Can't wait for more content. Thank you

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thanks for the encouragement! I am working on a new video on rivers right now.

[@mustafasaribudak5239]

A very impressive lecture! I enjoyed it very much. Thank you!

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

You're very welcome!

[@sdluedtke7803]

Thank you for this video on volcanoes …. I learned a great deal about volcanoes from your video. 👍

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thank you for your encouragement!

[@laurawoodruff3484]

Very nice lecture…. Easy to follow yet through and informative

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thank you!

[@dancooper8551]

Excellent video!

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thank you very much!

[@billgeiger5862]

Enjoyed the info. As you ended with extraterrestrial volcanoes, I remembered hearing of an "ice" volcano in our solar system -- just curious what that is..... Thanks!

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

I was probably thinking of Doom Mons on Titan if I said something like that when I made this video.

[@davidrains3918]

If you’ve never been to Crater Lake you’re missing out on an awesome sight. I’ve been there in the summer and winter and they’re both breathtaking.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

I used to teach at College of the Redwoods and regularly went there. I agree, everyone who can see it should see it.

[@davidrains3918]

@@EarthandSpaceSciencesX I feel the same way about Yosemite except that I recommend visiting in spring or early summer when the Falls are at their best.

[@hikerJohn]

Cool, a new video :o)

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Hope you enjoyed it! I have several more already in production.

[@mymydeparis]

Great job! Fyi, a nuée ardente means a burning cloud, in Frenach, not glowing...

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thanks, I am glad you enjoyed it! You are absolutely right of course, ardente literally means “burning” (I speak a bit of Cajun French) but the geological encyclopedias typically translate it metonymically as “glowing.” When preparing the presentation, I had to decide between which to go with based on which one was likely to get the more corrective remarks. Here’s an example for “glowing” from the USGS: www.usgs.gov/communications-and-publishing/news/earthword-nuee-ardente

[@leodenverrex3819]

Your vids are such great presentations covering awesome stuff although i can find but one "fault" with this particular one. The word Extinction was not mentioned once. =-( I was waiting for it... lol. I'm sure you cover that in another video so i will happily keep watching. =-D

[@Locreai]

I watched all your earlier videos on geology. Very informative. I think about things in the landscape that passed my notice entirely before

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thank you so much! Glad I was able to add value to your experiences in nature!

[@Locreai]

@@EarthandSpaceSciencesX all the thanks goes to you.

[@xochilsilva1357]

I wish my instructor would make these lectures.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

I’m happy to fill in for them.

[@Animechhun]

Very good lecture!if you don't mind can you send presentations?

[@btvb7155]

Great lecture 🌋

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thank you!

[@NativeTribe65JP]

Amazing stuff here!!!

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thank you! I am dealing with a health issue at the moment but once I have it beat I plan on making a lot more content. Hopefully you'll enjoy that as well!

[@NativeTribe65JP]

@@EarthandSpaceSciencesX I will look forward to it! Hope you feel better soon.

[@rexroad9917]

An interesting tidbit. The day before the eruption, teens were planting trees on the north side of the mountain, the part that the bulge slid over. I met one of those tree planters who the day of the eruption was now out planting trees on the south side of the mountain. Had the mountain erupted a day earlier, all those tree planters would have been killed along with the loggers. The loggers were off work because it erupted on a Sunday. Thus the death toll would have been in the 100's.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

I've seen interviews from those tree planters. It's such an interesting aspect of the tragedy that happened that day.

[@dhananjoymandal5799]

Can you please add a link in the description to access the presentations you use for teaching in the Geology playlist videos. It'll be really helpful for revision. It's a humble request Professor ❤

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

What method or software would you recommend for doing that? I’m not opposed to the idea.

[@mattsharpe3989]

Thanks for the upload Paul! Was sad to see all those vintage videos go, assuming it was for copyright?

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

I still have them posted! They are just posted to a different channel now.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

They're all here: kzbin.info/door/wBSs5D2d8pPQVrTmGTT1TA

[@mattsharpe3989]

@@EarthandSpaceSciencesX oh fantastic, I’ll sub over there!

[@rsajeev7056]

Good lecture.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thank you!

[@berlineroxygenoxygenoxygen]

worth the wait.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thanks!

[@roncyr1850]

thank you dear sir.....ain t knowledge great

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Glad to share what I can!

[@Jomezarts]

Great lecture. But subtitles work only up to minute 33:40 on this one :c

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

I will look into that and get it fixed. Thanks for letting me know.

[@Jomezarts]

@@EarthandSpaceSciencesX thank you a lot. I wish to share this with my non englishspeaker classmates.

[@cacogenicist]

I think we need better terminology than _andesite caldera_ vs _rhyolite caldera_ -- as I believe Mazama's caldera-forming eruption was of dacite and/or rhyolite, correct? Stratovolcanoes can erupt rhyolite, although most commonly they erupt andesite. I do understand the difference between the very large calderas along the Yellowstone Hotspot track formed by high-end VEI-7 and VEI-8 eruptions, and calderas formed by high-end VEI-6 and small VEI-7 eruptions at locations where there was an existing stratovolcano edifice. But, stratovolcanoes can develop inside very large calderas that were formed by earlier VEI-8 eruptions. Subsequent VEI-8 eruptions may begin as plinian eruptions from stratovolcanoes that formed inside the large caldera, correct? And then when the VEI-8-scale caldera collapse occurs, the poor little stratovolcano is obliterated.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

I agree, it’s not the best convention because it ignores the complexity of magmatic differentiation occurring within most volcanoes and the resulting landforms/eruptions. I sort of hint at that near the beginning of the lecture when I mention there is a spectrum of volcanic processes and landscapes. If/when I do a series on volcanology I would go over those volcanic nuances.

[@cacogenicist]

@@EarthandSpaceSciencesX - I'll put in my vote for that series. 👍

[@bjornlycke8722]

Hello! Does this channel have a playlist on general university chemistry? :)

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

I have not done a chemistry series yet nor have a I found a good series of lectures online that I would make a playlist out of. Perhaps I should think about that.

[@bjornlycke8722]

@@EarthandSpaceSciencesX Well, in the end this is your channel. I can only recommend stuff.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

@@bjornlycke8722 it not a bad suggestion and I’ll definitely give it some thought.

[@ciltire420]

Please Prof can we get lectures related to geophysics and Eng Geology, thank you

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

I have them on my drawing board. Those are fun topics.

[@andrewhusa4057]

Johnston. The man who helped further our understanding of Volcanoes and passed during St. Helens was David A. Johnston, not Johnson.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thank you and you are right, it’s Johnston.

[@cavemancaveman5190]

A Question What would Earth be like if Olympus Mons were here instead of Mars?

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Olympus Mons can really only form on a world that is not experiencing plate tectonics. Mars is believed by many to have had some type of plate-type movement during its early history but stopped due to planetary cooling. As such, volcanoes like Olympus Mons could grow to great heights because plates could not separate it from its magma source.

[@ZanTaylor]

I bet you are loving this Mauna loa 🌋. Quite some timing to post this

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

I was thinking the very same thing! Lol I used to teach at Hawaii Community College on the Big Island so this eruption is very important to me.

[@ZanTaylor]

@@EarthandSpaceSciencesX awesome! I live on Maui, have seen a few flows, excited to fly over for this one

[@frederick6008]

Look up Mt Tambora eruption in 1815. They had NO summer season. Lots of people starved to death.

[@frederick6008]

Mt St Helens created canyons as well.

[@kubawojewodzki1020]

Amazing lecture, looking forward for more volcano related videos.

[@rabdanely]

🤲🤝👍

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thanks!

[@mjb0183]

You do a great job on these videos.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thank you!

[@austinobambino1360]

1:34:36 It's Morbin time

[@austinobambino1360]

Jokes aside, great video. Volcanoes and igenous petrology are fascinating subjects in geology 👍

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thanks for the kind words! Indeed, volcanoes are really fun to study and learn about. May even do a full series on volcanology at some point in the future. Who knows?

[@lukefranklin5]

I have my geology in 25 minutes. Wish me luck 😅

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

I hope it went well!

[@lukefranklin5]

@@EarthandSpaceSciencesX I’ll lyk when I get my grade back

[@cavemancaveman5190]

I think you just said the magma is in contact with water

[@ForTheFREEMAN]

hm rocks

[@F5ss]

In for a long day 😐

[@davidpnewton]

Not a good idea to talk about Kilauea being a "relatively calm" volcano. After all in 1790 it produced a VEI 4 sub-Plinian eruption with significant pyroclastic flows and killed about 400 people. So Kilauea can go off with comparable force and danger to Mount St Helens.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

It's true that groundwater getting into the magmatic system changes the rules for all types of volcanoes, including the 1790 Keanakakoi phreatomagmatic eruption at Kilauea you are mentioning (I've seen the victim's footprints in those ash beds in Kau). Aside from the 1790 eruption, Kilauea is overwhelmingly in the VEI 0-1 range.

[@Hermes163com]

泰裤啦

[@jegdev]

Vlcanos 🎉casuse climate change

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Yup, they definitely can.

[@m3po22]

Lotta ways to die

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

True.

[@jamesburke6078]

Calling that place an island is like calling the sky's friendly! I really don't want to see anyone in Hawaii crying when their house burns! You asked for it!

[@jamesburke6078]

That's not Monserat... I'm sure I butchered... those poor people have no choice where they live, I'm not rich enough for Hawaii! They do have a choice and choose the beautiful death trap!

[@jamesburke6078]

The word island is misleading! You live there you live on a volcano! That's where you are...on a volcano

[@user-du1mz5zx7s]

Good point my,friend..just like crater lake national park, it’s not a crater,it’s a caldera..they should call it Caldera national park..

[@ninaalexieva6443]

Thank you very much! I am using all your lectures for my study. You refereed to lecture notes. Could you send me some? I cannot find your email or any way to contact you - that's why I write here in one of your recent lectures. I would accept any study material. Thanks again - so clear and logical! / Nina - Sweden

[@lessmorley2091]

If one REALLY wants to understand geology,might I suggest viewing it thru a biological lense...you'll be stunned and amazed...