At 11:17, can't we say that any string in the regex on the right has length at least 1? It's a(a+baa)*, which is a concatenation of a with some other stuff, so has length at least 1. In fact we could stop 2 steps earlier, since a is length 1, but aa(a+baa)* has length at least 2. (By the way I like this approach to regex- are you following a particular text?)