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Socrates, the classical Greek philosopher, had a critical view of democracy and, by extension, the electoral process as practiced in his time in Athens. He believed that the practice of electing leaders was flawed because it often did not lead to the selection of the wisest or most competent individuals. Instead, he argued, elections turned into popularity contests where individuals could sway the opinions of the masses through rhetoric and persuasion rather than through merit and wisdom.
Socrates famously used the analogy of a ship to illustrate his point: just as it would be unwise to choose a ship's captain by voting among all the sailors, rather than by expertise in navigation and seamanship, so too was it unwise to choose leaders based on their popularity rather than their knowledge and ability to govern. He believed that leadership and governance were skills that required specific knowledge and expertise, which the average citizen or voter might not possess or appreciate.
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