Embryology of the Female Reproductive System I (Easy to Understand)

The development of the female reproductive system explained in a very simple way.
If you are completely new to embryology and you want to understand it quickly, this should be the first video you watch:
- • Introduction to Embryo...
Recommended Text
Easy Embryology is a book that is dedicated to the simplification of embryology. It is available at drminass.com/product/easyembr.... Contact Dr. Minass for more information.
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SUMMARY FOR YOUR NOTES:
- The key to sexual dimorphism is the Y chromosome which contains the testis determining gene called the SRY (sex determining region on Y) gene
The SRY protein is the testis determining factor and under its influence male development occurs
Gonads
- The sex of the embryo is determined at the time of fertilisation, but the gonads do not acquire male or female morphological characteristics until the seventh week of development
- The gonads appear initially as a pair of longitudinal ridges called genital ridges
- Genital ridges are formed by proliferation of the epithelium and a condensation of underlying mesenchyme
- Germ cells appear in the 6th week of development
- Primordial germ cells originate in the epiblast, migrate through the primitive streak, and by the third week reside among endoderm cells in the wall of the yolk sac close to the allantois
- During the 4th week they migrate by ameboid movement along the dorsal mesentery of the hindgut, arriving at the primitive gonads at the beginning of the 5th week, invading the genital ridges
- While waiting for the germ cells to arrive, the genital ridge epithelium proliferates and penetrate the underlying mesenchyme where they form cords called the primitive sex cords.
Ovary
- In females with a XX chromosome and no Y chromosome, primitive sex cords differentiate into irregular cell clusters.
- These clusters containing primitive germ cells are the medullary part of the ovary. Later they disappear and are replaced by a vascular stroma that forms the ovarian medulla.
- The surface epithelium of the female gonad, unlike that of the male, continues to proliferate.
- In the 7th week, it gives rise to a second generation of cords, cortical cords, which penetrate the underlying mesenchyme but remain close to the surface.
- In the third month, these cords split into isolated cell clusters which continue to proliferate and begin to surround each oogonium with a layer of epithelial cells called follicular cells.
- Together the oogonia and follicular cells constitute a primordial follicle
Genital ducts
- Initially both male and female embryos have 2 pairs of genital ducts: mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts and paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts
- The paramesonephric duct arises as a longitudinal growth of the epithelium on the anterolateral surface of the urogenital ridge
- Cranially the duct opens into the abdominal cavity with a funnel like structure
- Caudally it first runs lateral to the mesonephric duct from the opposite side
- The two ducts are initially separated by a septum but later fuse to form the uterine canal.
- The caudal tip of the combined ducts projects into the posterior wall of the urogenital sinus where it causes a small swelling, the paramesonephric tubercle.
- The mesonephric ducts open into the urogenital sinus on either side of the Mullerian tubercle.
- The paramesonephric ducts develop into the main genital ducts of the female
- With descent of the ovary, first 2 parts develop into the uterine tube
- The caudal parts fuse to form the uterine canal.
- After the ducts fuse in the midline, a broad transverse pelvic fold is established (broad ligament of uterus)
- The fused paramesonephric ducts give rise to the corpus and cervix of uterus
- They are surrounded by a layer of mesenchyme that forms the muscular coat of the uterus, the myometrium and its peritoneal covering (perimetrium)
V (KZbin won't allow for the full word to be used here -.-)
- The solid tip of the paramesonephric ducts reaches the urogenital sinus and two solid parts grow out from the pelvic part of the sinus (sinoV bulbs) which proliferate and form a solid V plate.
- By the 5th month the V outgrowth is entirely canalised
- the expansions of the V around the cervix, fornicies, are paramesonephric origin.
- Therefore the V has a dual origin ,the upper portion derived from uterine canal and lower portion derived from the urogenital sinus
- The lumen of the V remains separated from that of the urogenital sinus by a thin tissue called the hymen which consists of epithelial lining of the sinus and a thin layer of V cells. It usually develops a small opening during perinatal life.

[@minass]

Easy Embryology (written by me) is the BEST textbook to use if you're infuriated with embryology. Get 20% off with code EASY20 Buy here -> drminass.com/product/easyembryology

[@marchorton9763]

One of the few people who give a few hours on development on you tube. Most people give very short amount on embryology. Good overview in around 6 hours. Ninja Nerd is another good one. The person who did those lectures is being trained to be a PA which is a medical doctor's assistant (one step short of being a MD).

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Dr. Minass I am in my second semester of my ultrasound program and this has broken down the concept so well and I am extremely relieved to have found your channel! This video has helped me so much!

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I have just discovered this channel half month before my papers and i am regerting for not founding it early

[@chromeg1014]

I discovered this channel in Aug 2019 just about half month away from my papers... And i say it is probably the best short explanations of embryology where you understand thoroughly in just minutes....well done sir...salute

[@xhuljanoshehu4399]

Your videos are getting better! Well done! Great videos!

[@mustafaalhamoud9657]

How tough looking board at the beginning and how smoothly nice understanding at the end, amazing doctor thanks 🌹

[@mirjamjosef9720]

I've struggled with Embryology for so long and these videos are really easy to understand. Thank you Dr Minass

[@minass]

Glad you like them!

[@Amazon34_]

I am so lucky to have found your videos, this helped alot❤❤

[@selcukerenekici8185]

ı am literally crying, this couldnt be any better. thank you sir.

[@melodyshantalasacco2841]

Honestly one of the best embryology lessons I agree with other comments, I could understand the materials thanks to the clarity. engagement and the enthusiasm I could feel in the explanation. I am study embodied anatomy and this is very useful, I will subscribe for more.

[@minass]

Thanks for subscribing! Love to hear comments like this! Follow me on instagram for more -> @m1.nass

[@user-xb2gk1wl3c]

Dude, you're awesome! I've read 3 or 4 books about it yesterday but it was so vague. Now it's so clear) Thx

[@minass]

Thats my goal! Thanks for watching

[@Hania_st]

I have watched all your embryology videos and WOW you made it so easy 💯 keep uploading videos ✨

[@minass]

Great effort! Don't forget to follow me on Instagram and Facebook!

[@sarahiosman]

Thank you so much for this video! I have finals in a week and this is my first time going over this and you made it so fun, simple and easy to understand 💗

[@minass]

Thanks for watching and good luck. Let me know how your finals were!

[@phumelelemngoma970]

these videos are great. watched your embryology on the heart and it really helped with my test and now i have watched all your urogenital system videos. Please do not stop what u do :)

[@minass]

I'll keep going since I keep getting awesome comments like this!

[@MrPattithendi]

Great video and explanation! Much appreciated.

[@swatiM722]

Amazing !! That was very difficult thing that u explained so clearly thanku ! 😊

[@pamelaannemiguel3540]

True to its title “easy to understand”. Thank you! PS. Upload the next part/s please. 😬

[@minass]

Done

[@happilyvermiculating]

Very well done! I cant believe anyone disliked this video. Please upload part II when able!

[@minass]

I know whats wrong with them? 🤣 Part 2 is up

[@courtneysim2172]

So useful. Definitely has a talent for teaching! :)

[@hosamnoweir9195]

Excellent video, well done.

[@botondbota6350]

Thank you very much! Looking forward for episode 2.

[@rimshaabbas5813]

a very good teacher. explains well. you helped me alot in my med studies. just want to request you to make video on external genitalia also

[@drmgbaloyi2998]

thank you so much. your videos are the best. sending you love from South Africa 🇿🇦

[@pauloscar5299]

I have enjoyed the presentation, so simple 😊

[@vladabulovina5739]

Oh, that’s very interesting. In Italy in medical school they actually teach us that the Müllerian ducts as well as the germinal ridges derive from lateral (splancnic) mesoderm and not intermediate mesoderm.

[@saeedqasem2877]

you are definitely awesome man you are a very good example of what youtube should be like

[@lifewithem__]

So easy to understand, thank you so much!

[@nohamohamed626]

very helpful and very simple too...thank you

[@vanessarusso3662]

i would literally be failing embryology without you, thank you

[@minass]

Hehe you're welcome

[@aliresham3505]

Very nice and so easy explaination

[@nthomy8645]

8 minutes in and I'm feeling less stupid! This is so amazing! I appreciate your work! New subbie for sure!

[@minass]

Thanks 😊

[@nthomy8645]

@@minass thank you! On the CVS videos now. This will definitely be my go-to embryology channel. Will also share with fellow students and support. Keep up the good work, highly appreciate!!

[@minass]

@@nthomy8645 Will do, thanks for watching 😃

[@sharanjhaveri6324]

Minnas sir, from an MBBS student in India. Thank you so much for clearing up embryology and making it so easy to understand. I've gone through the whole course and you've changed the way i look at embryology forever. Thank you so much !!!

[@minass]

It's my pleasure! Follow me on instagram for more

[@jesusbrownies]

Why has this channel not reached a million yet?

[@minass]

The world is not ready for me yet 🤣

[@kpulkit5627]

Amazing video ! Perfect explanation

[@minass]

Thank you!

[@AC-zq6tr]

This is really helpful, thank you for making this video!

[@minass]

Glad it was helpful!

[@hareembukhari1358]

Thank you. This was very helpful.

[@sarahal5750]

Finally I can listen to embryology explanation without feeling stupid :D Thank you so much for your hard work

[@minass]

You're welcome 😊

[@nithishtirumalasetty8267]

Thank u sir.Your videos are really useful.

[@immanikant]

Best video of embryology. Thankyou sir

[@minass]

Thanks Manikant!

[@saher997]

great I was having hard time with this Thanks alot

[@mhos565]

Thank for your efforts you are a great doctor and great teacher ❤️❤️❤️

[@minass]

Thank you 🙏

[@mohamednavfal]

Great lecture sir !!!

[@bhavanangowda807]

Awesome lecture 😀

[@Rotzfresh89]

I can't thank you enough for your efforts. Much appreciated!

[@nanykassaye7414]

Thankyou so much u make it easy

[@shubhpatel103]

Student from India.It was very useful. post second part please.

[@user-nw7kc8tk7w]

can't thank you enough! the best one

[@anonymous4724]

SO MUCH THANKS TO YOUU, BEST MEDICAL VIDEO EVER!!!!

[@minass]

YOU'RE SUPER VERY WELCOME@!!!!!!@@

[@jfomina]

Excellent! I am on obgyn resident and definitely appreciate this review!

[@minass]

Thanks for watching Jane!

[@merelvanwijk8078]

Hello Minass, can you maybe also make a video about the ear and the eye? That would be awesome! I really appreciate your videos, they are very clear and are getting better and better.

[@minass]

Soon!

[@mohithasri8455]

Thank u so much...really a great explanation....best part is u started right from the beginning...because of that we got a clear picture of this whole concept...😁💫

[@minass]

It's my pleasure

[@muhammadmurtaza7900]

salute you. You have made very complex system very easy.

[@minass]

Thanks

[@tulalaramakrishna8996]

Thank you sir ......for the explanation,for the diagrams and for everything....."TAKE A BOW"

[@Divya-go4xw]

It's so sweet of you ,,, in replying the messages 💖💖💖😍😍,,

[@minass]

I try to reply to everyone but its sometimes a lot of work 😅

[@doctorprernagupta]

Excellent! Seeing this in my final year... but i guess its never too late to learn!

[@minass]

Final year doesn't mean final exam! You will still have a lot more coming when you're a doctor!

[@imanalkole919]

Listen, I got an exam this tuesday... you Minass, saved my poor butt! This takes forever looking at the textbook

[@minass]

Good luck for your exam!

[@imanalkole919]

@@minass Thanks Minass! 😊I'm really stressed out though, so I'm glad there are youtuber like you that can explain things better than books can! 👏🏼🤩

[@arpitabehera7479]

Thank you sir.. need more video nd your notes.. Beautifully explained 😊

[@minass]

I will make more videos! Notes can be found on faceboook.

[@tuliprose9557]

Thanku sooo much....it helped me alot....

[@cardiacmyxoma4073]

This is so good, thank you!

[@minass]

You're so good for watching!

[@patrickpopiel3813]

Too much detail for what I need, but this is explained very well and the illustrations complement the flow of the lecture perfectly. Who needs a textbook when you have thus guy!

[@minass]

Throw the textbook in the bin!

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You are the best .. thank you from Iraq

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Thank you, thank you, THANK YOU!!

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Literally you’ve save my life

[@minass]

Pleasure, thanks for watching Natalia!

[@merlvynfreeman5530]

thank you, very helpful , definitely recommend

[@minass]

Thanks, glad it helped

[@salsabilaqothrunnada5317]

i didnt even understand any embryo book in my language, but you make it so simple. thanks! if i can give you a advice, can you put the timeline development (what week, or what month)? and the subtitle please? thankyou

[@extrapopular]

thank you from the bottom of my heart!!!

[@minass]

You're welcome from mine

[@teresammendes6545]

Amazing explanation! Can you please do a video on the development of external genitalia (male and female), please? Thank you and keep up the good work :)

[@minass]

Sure it is on my to do list, the issue is finding the time. I will make many more videos as soon as possible

[@drstrange1977]

@@minass God bless u sir

[@Janasena555]

Thank you sir, love from India

[@mallard1345]

the video quality has increase so much. Keep it up!

[@minass]

First videos were made from laptop webcam. Certainly heard everyones feedback and fixed it up ASAP!

[@christinatreider636]

GOD BLESS YOU!! Currently in an Obstetrics and Gynecology class for Diagnostic Medical Sonography!! You explained everything so thoroughly and presented it so well!! Thank you a TON!!!!

[@minass]

no worries 😎

[@lanangandi1733]

thank you very much... what a nice video

[@minass]

Glad you liked it!

[@MuhammadRashid-dh6jj]

Thanks alot Bro for making such Helpfull lectures of Embryology Please Make video lectures on Face , Nasal cavities , Palate and Teeth Development ... Thanks again Minass Bro

[@minass]

Embryology of the face is next. Thanks for watching

[@rakavikrishnan5545]

Your videos are really great! Please make a video on embryology of nose and paranasal sinuses

[@minass]

Will do Rakavi

[@StephanieTeddy]

This was really helpful and the images were great. You also had a lot better flow in your language compared to the Testes development video. I would recommend not having as much dense writing on the white board to begin with as it is difficult to read and quite overwhelming.

[@minass]

StephanieTeddy haha yes getting used to having a camera on me. I usually write all those notes there because I take a picture and upload it to Facebook for people to download, it’s less about the video. But the feedback is noted and appreciated!

[@tahirajoseph9173]

It was helpful. Thank you😁

[@minass]

Glad it was helpful!

[@anandjoshi5799]

Thanks a lot sir!

[@mananchawda]

Amazing Amazing Amazing ! Thanks so much ....

[@minass]

Glad you liked it!

[@karijasmine7566]

thank you dr

[@patrihuedel6042]

Thank you for this. Plus how you pronounce “over here” is so niceeee 😂

[@minass]

🤣 thanks for watching!!

[@patrihuedel6042]

@@minass Thanks for helping me for my exam 🙏🏻

[@alejandraixta2245]

Very helpful!

[@minass]

So glad!

[@shrutipuranik5396]

Thanku so much for great explanation sir.when will you post male external genitalia embryology?

[@MrAndrewDoctor]

This is amazing. Make us more videos please.

[@minass]

Ok!

[@zoemarkinson3851]

Really helpful

[@minass]

Glad you think so!

[@komalprajapati6958]

Thank you

[@swatiM722]

Can u plz make a video on placenta development !! Ur explanation is damn good !

[@zackaaditama9348]

Good one thank youu!

[@minass]

You're welcome!

[@satuwesterholm5058]

Beautiful!

[@minass]

Thanks, but the explanation was good too right?

[@mbbsgoals3536]

pls upload next part....!!1! btw the vedio cleared all my doubts thnk u

[@minass]

Done

[@elliea595]

Many thanks! Final exam tmw, wish me luck

[@minass]

Best of luck! You can do it!!!! (I hope you did it hehe). Let me know

[@elliea595]

@@minass Didn’t do very well sadly, many unclear questions with multiple possible correct answer and you have to guess which one they consider MOST correct!

[@flyingskyward2153]

I appreciate your work. Sorry the KZbin bots made things difficult

[@minass]

Cheers! I don't get it about the bots though

[@soroushbahrami4519]

great thank you

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Thank you soooo much

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Thankyou sir

[@drhesham222]

Marvelous !!!...thank u :)))

[@minass]

No worries, thanks for watching!

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The best❤

[@drnourala]

BRILLIANT

[@minass]

You are

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Thanks sirrrrr ,

[@sofiaaali3501]

thank you doctor 😊

[@minass]

Thanks for watching!

[@manaviscreation5878]

Very nice

[@minass]

Thanks