English Words Quiz - Do You Know The Meaning Of These Words?

[@stevealdridge557]

98/100 Reading novels is a good way to improve one's vocabulary

[@joerosenman3480]

What? People still read?! (Shocking how many homes have no-zero-books other than a copy of the Christian Bible (or Tanakh, Koran, Baghavad Gita, Tripitaka, Guru Granth Sahib, Tao te Ching, Tattvartha Sutra, etc.) which may or may not be read; plus transient kiddie books if very young children are part of the family. Otherwise… reading? Why! TV does it all for you, and you don’t even have to be conscious. Or alive. Well, technically…

[@SlouchingTowardsWalMart]

having dementia is a good way to forget pretty much all you've learned. ask me how i know, lol.

[@megnotes7908]

My mother had Alzheimer’s dementia, and it’s no joke. If you truly have Alzheimer’s, I’m sorry. I wouldn’t wish it on anyone. The worst part for the person who has it is when they KNOW they can’t remember much of anything anymore, and the worst part for loved ones is when they don’t know who you are anymore.

[@Lokisdottir1964]

I agree. Victorian literature is a great way to learn a lot of interesting words.

[@manifold1476]

But it's NOT a good way to learn to SPEAK. The pronunciations are still at the WHIM of the reader.

[@FlorrieHaggis]

95 out of 100. I agree with comments about mispronunciation of words.

[@vivienhodgson3299]

Behoove is a verb, not a noun. The definition should have been worded differently. There were many of these definitions, correct and incorrect, which did not exactly express the meaning of the word, as they represented the wrong part of speech...nouns, verbs, adjectives.... Good quiz, though, as it was really challenging - for once! So many of these so-called difficult quizzes could be answered by an intelligent ten-year-old! I think I scored 98/100.

[@jogeraghty4774]

Speak for yourself

[@patriciahutson]

Due to a Boarding School Education this was NOT difficult. Being well read is a boon these days. UBIQUE

[@joerosenman3480]

Verb tense was a recurring problem. In some cases the definitions used appeared to be (to me, at least) like tertiary choices at best. My gut feeling is you don’t want to make a vocabulary quiz harder by making the multiple choice definitions less clear-chose better words if increased difficulty is your goal. And yes, the mispronunciations were amusing if distracting at first but the novelty quickly wore thin. Numbers 79 & 80 (I believe) had the same word on my quiz-but different definitions. Anyone else? All that said & problems aside it was an effective quiz of a real (as in educated) word-set and it’s nice not to be relegated to the forgotten fringes for a change.

[@wendypetersen7529]

I doubt he came up with the definitions.

[@jude175]

I kept looking for a verb, or noun, or adjective when there wasn't one. Good for this fellow for going to so much work though.

[@jimbrown5552]

Did ok for a dyslexic stroke survivor

[@quizclass4612]

Wauw we hope your are fine ❤️

[@joanmackie1735]

Congratulations on even trying it!

[@Tlnber1994]

I am older and, when I went to school, vocabulary was taught. I learned these words many years ago in school.

[@OldWarriorFella]

This was like grade school stuff in the 50s

[@barbrn]

Eunoia? I'm 71 and have never heard of it.

[@AgnesC1111]

Took hours to do , because I kept finding interesting words on both sides of the pages.

[@PeterCrosland]

@@AgnesC1111 You as well! At school 1797 - 1803,, I kept getting sidetracked. Behoove is Dutch.

[@libbycollins9349]

Me too. Then I studied Latin and Greek, too.

[@robertloveless4938]

If people are interested at all in the etymology of words and meanings of prefixes and suffixes, this quiz becomes much easier. THE difference between high scores and low scores has commonality: those who care to have correct verbiage and those who don't.

[@charleshayes2528]

@robertloveless4938 "verbiage"? Do you mean "vocabulary"? "Verbiage" is usually used only with a derogatory sense

[@PatBackPatBack-x4n]

Well said!

[@Kathleen-cl8lf]

​@char😊leshayes2528

[@Lightonahill25]

verbiage is not what you mean

[@PaulDoherty-x3b]

100% thanks to a superb Scottish education during the 1940s and 50s including 5 years at university. All free at a time when few people had cars or foreign holidays. Priorities have changed.

[@torfrida6663]

Me too, but south of the border. 👍

[@yarrowbumblefoot8877]

That fact that I achieved 94/100 with a Grade 8 Canadian education in the 1940s and 1950s says we don't learn everything in school.

[@callybarlow4576]

Maybe also made fir an American audience judging by the words candor and clamor

[@majidbineshgar7156]

If you happen to know Latin or any of the romance languages you will know %50 of those words as simple common words .

[@jerushamaxwell281]

Yes, some high school study of Latin was of help to me.

[@jimrodarmel8512]

Probably because most of the highbrow, less well-known words derive from the conquest of England by the Romans and the French and the enshrinement of Latin and Greek as the languages of scholarship.

[@jameswest3251]

Totally agree - I used roots of words when not immediately sure...

[@srothbardt]

Right

[@cherylforfang8671]

My high school was very small, so no foreign language. However, i managed 96. Enjoyed the quiz. And I accept your apology for mispronounciations!​@jerushamaxwell281

[@suek7086]

Some of these I cannot imagine how someone would NOT know.

[@megnotes7908]

Become an RN, and see for yourself how many illiterate and functionally illiterate people are out there. We had to write teaching materials and instructions for patients at approximately a fourth grade level. Being well read and/or well educated is a priceless gift.

[@laurendoe168]

@@megnotes7908 There's a reason why the TV show "Are You Smarter Than A 5th Grader" was popular - the answer, all too often, was "No". But, I agree, SOME of these are words that everyone should know.

[@elizabethcsicsery-ronay1633]

Yes, but some were very rare.

[@laurendoe168]

@@elizabethcsicsery-ronay1633 Yes, some were. Some are so common it's impossible to believe any native speaker would not know.

[@annepryor9169]

@@megnotes7908Having a Masters degree in teaching reading to adults and adolescents, I’m not surprised. Most adults read at approximately a 6th grade level.

[@Faerysong1]

80 out of 100, not great, but not too bad.

[@turquoisemama33]

Kudos for the high scores. I am proud that I got over 50% correct with a score of around 66%. I guess being isolated from people can make a difference and affect one's vocabulary. I'm working on getting out more, but people can be very annoying. I'll put reading more on my to do list.

[@wonhung]

66% Is not to be sniffed at. It's a fair score.

[@megnotes7908]

Your score is fine, and you should be proud. I can only speak for the U.S., but not many people read for pleasure anymore and functional illiteracy is rampant in many states. Be proud of your score, be very proud!

[@htmc2022]

affect not effect

[@htmc2022]

Affect not effect

[@turquoisemama33]

@@htmc2022 absolutely correct, thank you, fixed it....

[@robertgoss4842]

Excellent quiz. I got 96, and I'm proud of my score. A few of these words were pretty obscure.

[@SlouchingTowardsWalMart]

missed seven. i was feeling really proud of myself, until i read all these comments. y'all are bangers! bravo!

[@marttimattila9561]

I am from Finland not academic and I got 10% right.

[@quizclass4612]

Wauw 🤩

[@jude175]

Well done.

[@ritamariekelley4077]

Wish I could do as well in Finnish!

[@Carmine4911]

. Friend, as my parents used to say, "You tried. That is the important part. 😺😺😺 .

[@ChristophersMum]

Wow...now Finnish is quite a language to understand❣

[@aymep8949]

Thank you. That was fun

[@handy-fy1bn]

89/100 Fun quiz. I learned a few new words along the way. Vocabulary rocks!

[@peakayharris8707]

I got 91/100. Seven I got wrong were words I have never actually seen or heard before. Two were words I realize now were being used wrong everytime I heard them: Travesty always incorrectly used to mean a complete collapse or utter failure; Enervate -- rather than innervate -- used to mean the exact 'opposite' of draining or weakening someone of vitality. I attribute this possibly to my hearing it pronounced wrong [ folks being lazy with the short I and E ]. Tho admittedly it is actually only a relatively few times I have heard it used as most speakers will generally try to find some other less misinterpretable word.

[@Colleentfay]

I scored 94 out of 100, but I take exception to several of your definitions; for example "Quixotic" that can mean both oddly intended (like Don Quixote himself) or without commonly recognized purpose, just to name one. Thanks for this quiz: well done!

[@susanlach3388]

I thought this also

[@elizabethcsicsery-ronay1633]

quixotic means high ideals but impractical

[@KTKacer]

Yeah, IF I ever encountered that word outside of this, I do not recall it, but knowing the Don Quixote story... it was a Q.E.D. which definition fit.

[@charleshayes2528]

@@elizabethcsicsery-ronay1633 But Colleentfay pointed ou tthat it means that and more. You are simply echoing the video's definition.

[@jameswest3251]

I got that by thinking Don Quixote...

[@frand9174]

96 out of 100. I take exception to a a couple of answers, though. I loved books since preschool. My mother would buy me one "Golden Book" a week. I treasured them all. I spent summers with an aunt who was also a voracious reader. We got chores done early in the day so we could spend afternoons sitting out on her porch, each reading a current book. Our favorite pastime was scouring the book stalls at church fairs. I ended up becoming a grade 3 teacher. Each afternoon as the day wound down, I would read a chapter from a chosen book. This was the best part of the day for the kids. They remembered the previous day's installment and looked forward to what would happen next. They loved being read to since it wasn't something they experienced at home. I can't stress enough the importance of being read to by a parent at the very earliest age.

[@lilianaprina5991]

Thanks for the learning adventure....

[@jennyreilly1151]

94/100... Pronouncing words correctly is vital... I note others have commented on certain words...

[@wonhung]

Never heard of the bonus word. Misprounciations grated on the ears, but apart from that, not a bad quiz. 95/101

[@charlottecampbell8183]

98, but I think one of those words has multiple meanings. So perhaps I should have credit for 99

[@priscillabade614]

He confuses parts of speech, defining adjectives as nouns and so forth.

[@nancynorcross409]

Sesquipedalian: a frequent use of really long words. Got 96/100. Voracious reader.

[@jerushamaxwell281]

I didn't hunt for the definition, so I think it means a creature having 60 feet? Centipede?🤔

[@elizabethcsicsery-ronay1633]

@@jerushamaxwell281No. Long word.

[@wisecoconut5]

99%. But the word travesty cracks me up. When my son was 2 I served him breakfast one morning. He asked "What's that?" "That," I replied, "in an omelet.." "That's not an omelet. That is a travesty." 😂😂😂😂

[@Lokisdottir1964]

😂

[@CareyTisdal]

I never met your son, but he gets my approval for cheekiness!

[@jimrodarmel8512]

@@CareyTisdal And stunning vocabulary development for a 2 year old!

[@jimrodarmel8512]

He shows promise as a popular food critic!

[@musicloverme3993]

@@jimrodarmel8512 OP said his son is 21. * edit * Due to OP's missing comma, I had thought he said 21 upon quick review. Then upon re-reading the entire sentence...

[@normavenrooij7468]

Had great pleasure partaking in this quiz and humbly said only managed 96, however it was an interedting challenge. Thanks.

[@marysylvie2012]

This is not fair for me because I am French born and a Greek and Latin teacher. That makes right answers easier for me.

[@AnaLucia-wy2ii]

Yup. I made educated guesses on quite a few and got them right because I’m obsessed with root words. 😊

[@havaoren2468]

If you ask me, the best starting point for languages in general is Romanian. I got 95%

[@elizabethcsicsery-ronay1633]

@@havaoren2468 Latin

[@havaoren2468]

No, it is much better than Latin, because it also gives you a foothold in slavic roots.

[@hansouth2355]

you are testing yourself

[@CarolLeslie-x5n]

Brilliant loved that and you did say you may not be pronouncing the words properly which was fine with me keep them coming.

[@Carmine4911]

. Enjoyed the quiz very much. Personally, I prefer shorter quizzes. Got 19/20. Likely, I will come back for the rest. Two years of Latin and a knowledge of Greek base words helped. I knew that sweating over Latin books would come in handy someday. 😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅

[@johnopalko5223]

100/100 although I was almost thrown when you asked about "obdurate" twice in a row. I guess you could argue for "stolid" although it means more like having or revealing little emotion. "Obdurate" implies more cussedness and stubbornness rather than mere impassivity. I picked "stolid" simply because it was the least wrong answer. Sesquipedalian: prone to using excessively long words. Literally, "a foot and a half long."

[@torfrida6663]

100/100. Ironically, the bonus means using polysyllabic words. 🇬🇧👍

[@jimrodarmel8512]

Correct, but that's the opposite of irony. You're looking for "appropriately" or "coincidentally".

[@jameswest3251]

Well, I got that wrong...

[@timwood225]

You got "sonder"? Well done you; do you remember where you encountered it?

[@christinejobson1013]

Worked on the quiz late at night! However, I scored 94/100!

[@williambavington5392]

I got 99 right: never heard of 'sonder' before. I had to guess one and chose the best fit for many of the others. I knew the bonus word meaning same as everyone else below but was not aware of its derivation even though I knew the 'sesqui' prefix means to the three-halves.

[@elizabethcsicsery-ronay1633]

I've never heard of sonder either or eunoia

[@gaileverett]

@@elizabethcsicsery-ronay1633 I guessed "eunoia" right because of the eu- prefix meaning good, but had no luck with "sonder."

[@elizabethcsicsery-ronay1633]

@@gaileverett I don't blame you.

[@stevesnow315]

95. Reading historical narratives plus knowing prefixes helped.

[@KTKacer]

prefixes and suffixes.

[@deborahmichalak8991]

I got 80/100. A "B-" if I was still teaching. Not bad, and I enjoyed the quiz!

[@gaileverett]

When I was in school, 80 was a D. B was 88-92.

[@terrybrett467]

95/100 I found it easier with the sound off.

[@topcat32349]

96%. I got my library card at age 4 and was allowed full run of the library (library pet). Started reading Shakespeare at age 6. I’ve been lazy recently watching You Tube lately so I took up learning hieroglyphics, latin, and Mayan so keep my old brain active.

[@lonniezamarripa959]

I think I scored 90.

[@lindylast9288]

Can’t believe I made it all the way through. I got 91.

[@quizclass4612]

Wauw good job 👏🏻

[@KTKacer]

yeah.. was a tad too long... kept thinking it'd get harder... not so much...

[@pamelab7235]

97/100. But then, I was always a nerd.

[@mariapelayo6276]

It’s a person who likes to use long words. I missed 4. Loved this quiz.Thank you.

[@mtm101designs9]

Really a great quiz - make me think!

[@donnamlake6303]

Debauch is pronounced "deBAWTCH"

[@Lokisdottir1964]

lol - yes, that got to me as well lol

[@elizabethcsicsery-ronay1633]

@@Lokisdottir1964 A lot, and I mean a lot of others too.

[@kene6954]

I love the adventurousness of the hosts of these quizzes. They're clearly typically not especially on top of the subject matter themselves. 🙂 BTW: I got 94/100. Missed enervate, debacle, travesty, phlegmatic, adumbrate, noisome.

[@elizabethcsicsery-ronay1633]

@@kene6954 You are so right.

[@fmcb269]

@

[@kathleenkonti4952]

I did pretty well 88 out of 100😊

[@susanreitsma6844]

Me too😊

[@lornafraserwaterworth559]

Thank you Quiz Class 👍👍 99/100

[@lornafraserwaterworth559]

🌹💖. Thank you very much my dear very best friend, Someone 🧸💖, for my special lovely highlight. Very, very much appreciated. 🙏🧸🙏. Please always be extremely careful and always stay safe and well always 💖🌹

[@sueware8377]

Great quiz! I missed 4 of these but was surprised that I got the rest. Thanks for doing this!

[@CarolLeslie-x5n]

I’ve never heard of some of these 🤪

[@sandrataylor3723]

I missed 16 because I have never heard or seen those words before. I read a lot of different genres of books and those 16 words had me stumped. I'm 67 and I must say that you got me on this round.

[@Dormices]

98/100 My memory is currentlyquite bad so I found this quiz very comforting.

[@nathanaelculver5308]

Only had time for the first ones. 10 out of 10. Though I only got eunoia because I recognized the Greek prefix eu-.

[@holymoley1920]

Exactly...I did Latin, and it has stood me in good stead in learning other Indo-European languages.

[@angelavonhalle5144]

Same for me (eunoia) , but I figured out many of the words because I speak some romance languages, plus reading a lot since my childhood.

[@elizabethcsicsery-ronay1633]

Me too.

[@jimbrown5552]

Thanks again for sharing

[@connieroberts5152]

90 out of 100

[@FifthCat5]

I thought a behoove was a home for bamboozles

[@KTKacer]

lol

[@victoriagrove5344]

100/100

[@jimrodarmel8512]

No, that's beehive for bumblebeezes. LOL

[@johnmurray3888]

97/100. Sesquipedalian = verbose, long-winded.

[@flagmichael]

"Doldrums" was a nautical term from the days of sail. No wind in your sails? You are in the doldrums.

[@Lily_The_Pink972]

The Doldrums are an equatorial region of the Atlantic Ocean where there can be sudden calms, storms and warm unpredictable winds. These conditions were a challenge for sailing ships as progress could be impeded. Sailors coined the word to mean they were feeling somewhat depressed or uncertain, waiting for change.

[@gailfromengland2553]

The number of mispronunciations becomes irritating.

[@petelovesbevsills]

AMEN to that!

[@petermccarthy8066]

Agree 100%; it detracts from the experience plus these quizzes are way too long…

[@rojavida]

Yep, didn’t get past question 2.

[@emmamae1960]

Do keep in mind that British and American pronunciations often vary.

[@CarolHinchliffe-c1v]

Agreed

[@bextrek4829]

I appreciate this channel! I love words!!

[@jennifer1329]

88/100. Not bad for a non-native speaker.

[@quizclass4612]

Awesome!

[@cheriem432]

You are *awesome* for a non-native speaker!

[@jennifer1329]

@@cheriem432 Thank you!

[@orvillewrightjr9330]

I can't believe it, but I achieved a perfect score and even answered the bonus question correctly.

[@quizclass4612]

Great!!

[@XRos28]

When you've read the meaning of "Maverick" you read "An Orthodox", instead of "An UNOrthox", you've " "Bamboozled" me with that one and I am "cross" with you! 🤪 I can't give you a number, however, I got right more than I thought I would (and that is good thing, I got more than half.) And indeed, your mispronunciations became a "Bane" in my existence quite quickly, I might add.

[@nyneeveanya8861]

88/100 two of which I thought had a completely different answer than any of those given as a choice.

[@quizclass4612]

Great score 👏🏻

[@jerushamaxwell281]

93/100. I didn't expect the three choices for each, which made it easier to recognize which to eliminate. Am bookmarking, thanks!

[@htmc2022]

97/100 Sesquipedalian = long-winded or a polysyllabic word - somewhat like this quiz❤

[@ThomasL58]

I know what sesquilinear means, and though that pedalian had something to do with feet. But can't make that connection.

[@tamonstormjoy4119]

86 points, so it well challenged me and I enjoyed it.

[@Eurydice-cj6tv]

100/100. The trick is to not get distracted by parts of speech, mispronounciations or how the quiz should have been constructed. Just focus on the goal and pick the answer that's closest to the meaning.

[@tanagra2]

There is no way you got a perfect score, sorry.

[@stevemcdonald1033]

Consider the answer you think is most likely for this schlump to have chosen.

[@LesleyFarquhar-y1e]

99/100. A fairly easy quiz. At least if you read widely and jave the benefit of knowing some French and Latin. Although I didn't know the bonus question.

[@conorsheehan9929]

98/100 Fun but a bit too long .

[@barrykimmitt]

What's the word for "ability to adjust playback speed in settings"?

[@Miami7]

I got about 90 right. For the record, syzygy is pronounced si-si-gee.

[@chrystal108reading4]

75/ 100 and the bonus: ...a six legged creature ??....it's just a wild guess...;) Thank you and please more of those quizes ...as I am not a native speaker but always love to learn..... ;)

[@roytee3127]

Some strange definitions - 32 - travesty 58 - adumbrate 81 - stolid stretch the definitions of these words beyond any recognition of usage I've ever heard or seen in a dictionary. "Travesty" involves being shocking or offensive. "Adumbrate" is more vague than an outline, which can be precise and specific. "Stolid" is more calm than stubborn

[@TheKyPerson]

I got them all. I used to read the dictionary when I was a kid and I've always been a voracious reader. I also went to Mass when Latin was used and I picked up a lot of Latin words that also expanded my vocabulary.

[@quizclass4612]

Well done! Quite impressive 😁👏 hope to see you in the comments more often 🎉

[@betsymoore1712]

I found many words not completely clear in the American way of speaking. , but enjoyed the quiz and learned a lot. Many words not in everyday conversation. Possibly a more formal and professional manner of communication.

[@ChristophersMum]

I got 97/100...the result of a no frills Scottish education in the 1950s and 1960s...

[@susanlach3388]

I enjoyed this, thank you. Did pretty well at 89 correct. Learned some new words. No idea what that bonus word means 😂

[@leonie9635]

Fun to do. It seemed that Q30 was not actually there. Also I noticed Q80 and Q81 used the same word (obdurate). So I got 88/99 then :). Sesquipedalian basically means 'long', use of long words.

[@elizabethcsicsery-ronay1633]

I got all 100 right. Too easy.

[@reiu956]

100 of 100 despite guessing on three words I’d never heard of before. Why the constant mix-up of parts of speech, though? A question calls for a verb, and the choices are a noun, an adjective, and a verb. Variations on that occurred over and over.

[@moodydeb6814]

96/100 - a lot of these I remember from vocabulary classes + I love to read, & I enjoy studying language. I've never heard the bonus word, but think it might have something to do with multiple feet.

[@PatBackPatBack-x4n]

OK, I got 15 of 15 correct. Just not taking the time to do 85 more. Perhaps I would miss one or two, but I will take the risk.😊

[@uptonsavoie]

95. Sesquipedalian (ses-quih-ped-AY-lian) means "a foot and a half." It can mean "longer than usual," as in this word. It can also mean something smaller than expected, as referring to the Seven Dwarfs of Snow White fame.

[@teresaellis6666]

96/100 Happy with that and you made me look up the word- very funny, means tending to use very long words

[@georgealderson4424]

Thanks - that's saved me a job!

[@lynnbarker1019]

Great fun! Only missed by 23. Not bad 😊

[@quizclass4612]

Good job 👏🏻

[@fyuuredhijgfzregjjygtdftyi6021]

I thought candour had a 'u'

[@pphedup]

Not in USA.

[@Thenogomogo-zo3un]

I need to add alot of these to my vocabulary

[@PauletteHunter-k1l]

Thanks for Latin lessons

[@queueud]

As a foreigner 65 is not bad. :)

[@josephcollins6033]

Enjoyed this! 99 out of 100! But, the entire time I was looking forward to you telling us HOW you selected these particular words; what is the significance of these 100 words relating to learning level?

[@gaileverett]

I missed 2, one being "travesty," which showed a definition that excluded its important meaning of "distortion." Also, there was no #30 for some reason. Familiarity with the meanings of prefixes, suffixes, and roots is a great help in something like this. My eternal thanks to my high school Latin teacher.

[@quarkcypher]

95/100, considering I am a factory/warehouse worker I think I did okay. Some of those words can't be used in regular speech as most people wouldn't have a clue what they meant. Most people would have a better reading vocabulary than spoken.

[@AndreDubbeling]

94/100. Not bad for a 76-yr old man whose mother tongue is French...BTW, I f you guys nee someone to voice these quizzes without butchering the language, I'm your man!

[@ianmacdougall-q6f]

90. I thought I did well. Then I saw some other scores. Wow. I had to read a lot of books just to get 90. Different genres and eras. Thank you.

[@quizclass4612]

You did very well! 🔥 thank you for participating.

[@russellanderson9138]

93 /100 correct No clue on the bonus question. Not the best but respectable.

[@maggiesue4825]

Sesqui means the middle of (eg sequi-centennial) . Ped in Latin can mean 'foot.' That's all I can come up with. Since no one seems to have the answer, I looked it up. Nothing like I thought it might be. Oh, I scored 92 out of 100. I must say s few of the definitions didn't exactly fit the words, or there were more than one uses of the word. It was fun, though.

[@emmyo6678]

93/100. I learned a few things. Excellent test. 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

[@MrMousley]

98/100 Bonus .. SESQUIPEDALIAN .. It's a long word !!

[@NoName-rm4be]

Quite proud of myself. 76/100. Not too bad for a non native.

[@leonardaltig]

That was fun! I missed 10 correct words. Thank You.

[@quizclass4612]

Well done!

[@janetgray8638]

All these words were used commonly in my parents household, especially by my grandmother who lived with us.

[@mmme9671]

Love these. I got 80. Hurray to me! Lol

[@hayley_council]

80 is passing :)