Erbium - Periodic Table of Videos

[@joshisbaws6784]

He looked so happy in those goggles. I want everyone to be that happy.

[@young-magnuma.k.alildetrim9054]

dude same

[@cindys9491]

+Sam Swag in his natural habitat...er, in his element...

[@WaltTFB]

Get that man a flying machine!

[@HRM.H]

He always get so jolly whilst making joke out of himself. Such a enjoyable person

[@pepre7594]

@chrisutubeism one of those old fashioned diving suits

[@PINGPONGROCKSBRAH]

Only professor Poliakoff would get nostalgic about lasers

[@funkdefied1]

You clearly have not heard of Drake Anthony yet

[@OnlyOneNagaBABA]

a brilliant channel. I can listen to the prof all day long and not get bored.

[@Jayohennn]

So it's basically a redstone repeater?

[@enderstar5017]

Greetings fellow Minecrafter

[@nicholastrombone9899]

Close enough

[@b4alpha384]

Yo did you see the pandas

[@chilling_at_pontiff]

@@b4alpha384 not until 3months after they were added..

[@nedriley6991]

Jonathan Pesek are you a veteran minecrafter

[@21335186z]

I couldn't connect to youtube or google yesterday, must have been shark attack.

[@Yamahapsr200]

+8b64z I bet it was a WireShark :'D

[@Eedelia01]

+8b64z sharknado

[@SgtNoob-vv8un]

+Ben Tice Sharknado 2 to be more specific

[@bullsquid42]

Erbium get's excited when you shine a light on it. Such a cute image.

[@CaptainVideoBlaster]

Even these older videos are golden. I can't stop watching these.

[@Csky1988]

i just love his excitement about chemistry, and his knowledge is amazing. almost reminds me of feynman how he got excited talking about physics.i really do wish there were more people like him that are that interested in the teaching and study of their fields. i would love him as a teacher. i dont understand half the stuff that they talk about, but its almost that mythbusters style of going out and trying it is what i love about all of these videos.

[@OwenPrescott]

Sharks are obviously plotting to steal our internet.

[@Garganzuul]

Maybe they are after the laser amplifiers!

[@Willam_J]

They’re trying to save us from more cat videos! :-)

[@fft2020]

the professor is so sweet, I feel like I'm his student

[@AlvinChanPiano]

3:24 "I used to work with lasers, but I've rather given up now...is it switched on?" :D

[@DndM4life]

+alvinc5 to be fair... its an infra red beam so the only way to know if it was on is to ask.

[@steve1978ger]

Lasers are rad.

[@jpdemer5]

Infrarad, in this case.

[@dsofe4879]

Aha, so now we've finally got a REAL reason to be afraid of sharks.

[@V0YAG3R]

United States of Embarrassment Yes, been killed in ghastly ways by an apex predator is not a REAL reason. NAILED IT! 👌🏻

[@alphonsokurukuchu]

Now after 3 years. What were you all talking about!?

[@dubbleyou248]

YEET

[@vanhouten64]

Erbium, the nerd of the periodic table.

[@bananawolf6417]

tru dat

[@damenwhelan3236]

very apt.

[@azazamat]

"OH MY GOSH, GUYS, IT'S LIGHT, SUCH SHINY, MUCH INFORMATION, WOOOOOOW!!!" - Erbium got excited

[@roaringchicken92]

Should rightly call it Nerdium, then, which quite inexplicably has not been done for any element.

[@johnallardyce4164]

;D Luv how the Professor get excited, especially when he is thinking about sharks in full spate!

[@NicolasLezcanopy]

I'm watching this video from India now, thanks Erbium! :D

[@johndoe-vc1we]

Legend has it, he's still in India watching 😜

[@alllove1754]

Doctors, you guys are, simply put, just awesome people. I love you, love what you are doing, and am ALWAYS eager to see more, so just because you have one on "that element" already, puhlease feel free to make more. Nothing like seeing a difference in what we know since "then". Just remember that yes it is possible!! Cheers 🍻

[@Lizlodude]

What's the internet's greatest threat? Sharks.

[@Validole]

Governments.

[@Validole]

***** Probably safer.

[@jamesrobinson949]

Fact: No one has EVER looked smarter than the professor did in the opening clip!

[@michaelprozonic]

I was actually on one of the AT&T undersea cable laying ships. The glass fiber cable takes up only a fraction of the space the old copper cable required. To keep sharks from attacking the cable the ship uses a tool to dig a trench , lay the cable and then cover it again until the cable drops off the continental shelf and into deep waters. Laying glass cable is much faster than laying the old copper version and carries much more data at the speed of light for thousands of miles. The erbium amplifiers enable us to boost the signal without converting it back form optical to electrical which would cause a lot of transmission delay

[@coopergates9680]

But why is Erbium the only element capable of being excited and boosting incoming signals in this fashion?

[@2450logan]

Honestly for 360p that was good video quality

[@dessilver179]

These people are awesome! Every Chem teacher in the english speaking world do well to show these videos to their students. Fantastic!

[@psirocker4432]

so when the erbium atoms drop from their excited state and releases light to amplify the signal whats putting them back into a higher energy level?

[@kikinoro6546]

PSI Rocker Im wondering the same thing

[@kikinoro6546]

PSI Rocker I looked it up and the atoms get blasted with a frequency of light to get to a high energy state and once the signal gets to them it triggers the energy from the higher state to be released. The atoms get "charged" at the same time as they are transmitting the signal.

[@jonnyreverb]

I am not an expert on fiber optics, but I believe the erbium is used in an Er:YAG laser amplifier. The erbium yttrium aluminium garnet crystal is pumped with optical energy from a diode (or arc lamp in older applications) the molecules get to an excited state and are stimulated to jump to a lower orbit by the passing photon, emitting a photon in the same direction with the same wavelength. This is what happens in a laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) except in a laser, the stimulation source is a random emission and the direction is amplified by the laser cavity.

[@jonnyreverb]

Short answer: the diodes, which are powered by the cable that attracts the sharks...

[@psirocker4432]

Thanks Kiki Noro

[@ybra]

Sharks eating the internetz?

[@Megalomaniakaal]

Internet sharks with lasers!

[@RimzanNiyas]

wire shark

[@alanmalcheski8882]

they are hungry for knowledge

[@sixtysymbols]

extra footage from this video in the video response

[@siyacer]

Yeah

[@Shogunersash]

I'm amazed how well this channel is still doing.

[@ashutoshsuman9473]

At 2:42 Thank you Erbium and Periodic Videos for bringing awesome Video to India.

[@Draxis32]

Nice video remaking! Keep up with the good work Professor!

[@krisinsaigon]

this is fascinating. Wheh the professor was explaining that the atoms of ebrium amplify the signal, i thought "how do they get the energy to do that?", then when he said they had to have a little cable running alongside to give power to the amplifier i felt my limited scientfiic knowledge was holding up. what interested me is that i live in vietnam and often our internet goes down or goes slowly and we get informed it's sharks biting the cable that we get our internet from. and now i know why they are doing it

[@CanIHasThisName]

Sharks are destroying the internet.

[@andrius3102]

CanIHasThisName Sooooo true.

[@treatb09]

CanIHasThisName XD

[@maxeyre2024]

CanIHasThisName Dang! U stole my comment.

[@Xe4ro]

CanIHasThisName So it's sharks vs cats then. Game on!

[@hornylink]

CanIHasThisName better than trolls I guess

[@XRISSX77]

I cant get enough of this prof. I dont know why he hasent been picked up for a tv netwek science show

[@lidarman2]

The erbium is exposed to another diode laser in the near infrared to excite it. Erbium amplifies near 1500 nm. It's energized one of several ways, with a diode laser at 1500 nm, or 980 nm or 780 nm. That little green glowing chip is an effect called 'upconversion.' The light is absorbed and kicks the atoms up a ladder. Then the atoms fall all the way down, producing green light.

[@b.hagedash7973]

Growing we had a tame scrub hare that also seemed unnaturally drawn to electricity, we called him insulator because over the course of 2 years he managed to chew through every electrical cord in the house without once being electrocuted.

[@syedjunaid3592]

sharks have very sensitive electric field detectors in the terminal regions of their heads(electroreception),these detectors are used to locate small prey,cus all living things produce electromagnetic fields,they can also be used for navigation

[@thomHD]

In the thumbnail still for this video it looks so much like he's about to break in to Video Killed the Radio Star

[@dusterdude238]

Thom Harrison LOL "shark bites killed the You Tube Star"

[@ALeeMason]

Yes, that also confused me at the beginning, since it did sound like the erbium was providing something for nothing. However, the Prof did go on to mention electrical wires running alongside the optical fibre which supply power to the amplifiers which use erbium. (The electrical currents in the wires being what supposedly attracts sharks.)

[@pieterschaar5613]

Yeah, the Erbium meant I can see these great video's all the way in New Zealand, keep em coming

[@mahasabry3516]

I looked at this video recording since I had gotten seriously anxious about the economy and had no idea how to cope. Cash does not mean anything at all anymore. Thus I made a decision to do some research and ran into Goldiverse. I am just so grateful, I can change my personal savings from cash to several currencies, to any precious metal at any time I would like. The state can go and take a jump for all I care. Just Bing it Goldiverse.

[@chrisgadarowski9946]

Those sharks are probably getting revenge for the Internet spreading that embarrassing-to-sharks clip of Fonzi jumping the shark in "Happy Days".

[@unclemonty3881]

That mine has four elements named after it. Erbium Yttrium Ytterbium Terbium

[@neilsiebenthal8696]

Thank you Erbium for protecting my eyes. I've always wondered what the welding lense in my hood is made of, besides glass

[@F-Man]

Neil Siebenthal Ahh, someone else who’s watching this in 2019!

[@abhayshankar8762]

I remember welding glasses being made of praseodymium. Check, please.

[@bharlan2002]

I love these videos, I always learn a lot.

[@duartemad]

I love him, he is always so exited!

[@DanceySteveYNWA]

Always out the door?

[@duartemad]

@@DanceySteveYNWA Thanks dictionery

[@JGunlimited]

I don't understand. Erbium is used in optical cables because it amplifies light. Then how can it be used to dampen light in welding masks?

[@zorra578]

And why can't you make the entire cable out of Erbium? I'd like to learn more about how these properties are applied.

[@joshuarosen6242]

Erbium absorbs light. If you then shine a 980nm pump laser onto the erbium that has absorbed light it re-emits the light at the original wavelength. Welding masks don't have pump lasers so the light is not immediately re-emitted. Erbium doped fibre amplifiers do.

[@joshuarosen6242]

The erbium doesn't amplify the light for free. That would violate the fundamental laws of physics. To amplify the light a powered pump laser is required.

[@JGunlimited]

Joshua Rosen Thanks, that helps a bit in clarifying things. Will google up on the use of lasers as you describe.

[@rushthezeppelin]

Different forms of erbium is part of it I assume. He said the welding mask had erbium salts while the fiberoptic lines it sounds like has atomic erbium embedded in the glass structure.

[@lintfordpickle]

I like that bit (3:23) "I used to work with lasers so this is rather nostalgic. Erm .. is it switched on?"

[@The36th]

_it's very slightly pink_ xD

[@evanjames575]

Noticed that XD

[@jpian0923]

Brutal comment section. Yeah you did!

[@warywolfen]

The description of the use of Er seems to defy the 1st law of thermodynamics! I'll have to"google" the subject, and find out exactly where that energy comes from.

[@krisinsaigon]

i love the idea of the professor looking at a laser with a feeling of nostalgia

[@Roddyoneeye]

When you displayed the IR Laser, and used that reflector to show the beam, what was that pink band about 4 inches above the point of focus of the beam ?

[@johnclavis]

Well, the professor mentioned that the light-amplification process required the use of electrically-powered diodes... which makes sense, since it goes against the laws of physics for anything to just amplify anything else without a power source... so I imagine that erbium has quantum features that allow it to interact with visible or near-visible light. It's possibly related to the fact that all atoms have both a signature emission spectrum *and* absorption spectrum, which are opposites...

[@Designandrew]

@xRedster That's correct. Very is the adjective, slightly is the description, and pink is the colour. So it's correct. It's another way of saying something is very lightly pink in colour.

[@korencek]

soooo... if erbium amplifies the light, does it have some limited lifespan?

[@joshuarosen6242]

I was wondering the same thing. Either it needs a power source or it gets used up. You can't get brighter light for free. I'm going to look this up because I don't understand how this would be suitable for placing on the sea bed where it cannot be accessed.

[@joshuarosen6242]

I have looked it up. The EDFA (Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier) requires a 980nm pump laser. It is this pump laser that provides the additional energy. I don't know where the power for the pump laser comes from but presumably there is either a local power generation source or there is a power cable running alongside the signal cable.

[@herrgahr]

He mentions those cables at the end of the video.

[@spiltsoymilk]

25 years, or 25 seconds once the sharks find 'em.

[@TheStigsCuz]

you guys should redo these videos and update them.

[@tonycmac]

I remember reading that sharks have specialized sensory organs under the skin on their snouts. Apparently critters swimming in the sea generate small electrical currents, and sharks have developed these organs to help them hunt. Perhaps this is why they thought that optical cables might be tasty, or it could be that they are merely annoying.

[@StormyMusic9]

This is a very interesting video! However, I have a question. @2:57 The Professor explained that when light shines on the Erbium, it interacts with the Erbium and the light emitted from the Erbium comes out twice as intense because Erbium loses energy. Now, would this mean that the energy of the Erbium would eventually run out? Would submarines be frequently sent down to restock Erbium in these optical fibres? It seems unlikely. So, how is energy conserved here?

[@tfwmemedumpster]

Electricity. The erbium is electrically charged. It consumes electricity and gives out light. It's useful because it does it directly without needing to turn the luminous signal into electricity and then back into light which would slow transmission to a crawl. You excite the erbium with electricity, light hits it, more intense light comes out, electricity is consumed. As long as electricity keeps flowing the erbium stays excited and can keep amplifying the luminous signal

[@TheFerruccio]

@Nyphur I didn't realize that that's what he was referring to when he said amplifier. So the direct current supplies the Erbium atoms while the erbium atoms themselves contribute to maintaining the light signals?

[@trainedtiger]

Good teacher. You'll never forget that.

[@OnyxBlackSmith]

I'll remember that Erbium keep my eyes safe next time i'll be welding... xD

[@jessicadineen4755]

Would be nice to see a redo of some of the shortest videos, like Holmium.

[@ic08jy700]

Only the prof could feel nostalgic about lasers. What a guy! The reason for the shark attacks is due to the electric fields to which sharks are sensitive and use themselves to find otherwise invisible prey. Just thought I'd add that, but I'm sure the prof knows that already.

[@marcmckenzie5110]

Professor, the. goggles are so you - but what would totally make it would be a picture of you wearing those goggles on a nice little scooter! That is said with affection. This was a great clip for me because I learned both about the element erbium - don't know how I missed that along the way - but also the word "spate". Chalk that up to being a Yank! New words are goodness! Thanks for all the great Periodic Table of Video episodes!!

[@RealRaynedance]

The Professor is one of the reasons I wanna visit England at least once XD

[@Ak3r0n]

@ghostalin not sure I understand your question. Data is data - just ones and zeroes (a detector receives a laser pulse =1, or not =0). What the data means or what it can display/do is up to the software that interprets this data. For exemple, you could display an image out of a wav file data (though it would be just a noisy mess)

[@aureusyarara]

wait, so erbium both absorbs light (when used in those face-screen thingies) and amplifies it (when used in internet cables)? How can you change the "setting" on erbium? or are those different chemical compounds?

[@RJLeffmann]

His KZbin-analogy to the optical fiber capacity is great. Everyone on KZbin will understand that :)

[@Anchor9Studios]

Please make an updated erbium video!!! Show Support!!!!!

[@rainbowpixx]

i randomly picked this for a class prodject and right now i am sooo happy with my random pick.

[@artrecogniseart]

man love the professor :) argh where was this all those years ago :)

[@Bikemad24]

Always wanted to know how a intensifier tube works in nv.

[@carolnorton2551]

I love the professor!...and his videos.

[@elaineandjohn9599]

If you freeze the picture of the professor at 0:05 mark he kinda looks like a minion. And just as loveable.

[@z0rr0rr0r]

Wow, this men is amazing. I love those videos :)

[@Orbis92]

It is also used in Erbium:Glass lasers for its "eye safe" wavelength

[@jimsvideos7201]

Best thumbnail ever.

[@LaughingManRa]

That was very interesting. I didn't know very much about erbium chemistry & applications.

[@OwenPrescott]

I have a question, some animals can see infared light. So hyperthetically if one of those animals happended to be watching this youtube video on a monitor, would they see the infared light in the video? I'm assuming no because the camera hardware probably would'nt capture the infared?

[@mutatron]

The power supply is for pump lasers. You shine a laser of 980nm or 1480nm on the trivalent-erbium-doped glass, and it gives a gain in the 1550nm region. In other words, the 980nm or 1480nm pump laser brings the erbium atoms to a higher energy state, and then when the 1550nm signal photons come through, they pop the excited erbium down into a lower energy state which creates more 1550nm photons going out than came in. Also the spread on the 1550nm is 30nm.

[@smbhax]

Particularly great information and footage in this one!

[@MatthewSuffidy]

3:04 This sound more like fluorescence to avoid reflection loss. You'd really have to introduce energy somehow to 'amplify' anything with known ideas of conservation. ...

[@whitcwa]

Before that he said "if you shine a light onto the Erbium atoms". That light is not the weak signal, it is from a pump laser. The pump laser provides the energy to excite the erbium. It is coupled into the fiber along with the weak signal light.

[@richardsandwell2285]

You do not realise the potential of this element is huge, I can see massive applications for this element.

[@TheDetonadoBR]

3:24 Do chemists work with lasers too? This is so cool

[@JayMannStuff]

Thanks. I meant that, at really strong intensity, any form of light can make something else shine. Enough infrared light can make iron glow red hot, for example. Obviously, I meant the shine from heat, not the visible light from reflections. After all, infra-red implies it's below the visible spectrum our eyes can detect.

[@MephLeo]

When professor said "I used to work with lasers" I was sure for a second that he would follow with "but then I took an arrow in the knee".

[@lachee3055]

Do they have to replace the optics after a while because the Erbium uses all its energy? Or do they excite the Erbium with a outside power source?

[@ishrod_tweaks]

Erbium is exited by another source of light, and incoming signal plus this addicional light result in an amplified signal.

[@Squirrel_314]

That answers one of my questions. Now how does Erbium transform a quantum of infrared light into a higher energy quantum of visible light? I didn't see anything else pumping energy into the crystal they had the IR laser shining on.

[@ishrod_tweaks]

en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_amplifier#Basic_principle_of_EDFA

[@nf4x]

The IR laser was the pump. There was no signal - he was showing a different experiment. The erbium doped glass sample has a very strong emission in the green, so you can clearly see that when it is pumped with the IR laser. Erbium doped fiber amplifiers actually glow green.

[@mohdnasir5140]

Page 410 erbium laser (Phys) Laser using in YAG (Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet) glass. It has the advantage of operating between 1.53 and 1.64 um, a range in which there is a high attenuation in water. This feature is of particular importance in laser applications to eye investigations, since a great deal of energy absorption will now occur in the cornea and aqueous humour before reaching the delicate retina.

[@yoppindia]

Sharks hunger for knowledge!

[@BeCurieUs]

No, radiation shielding operations on physically blocking the particle radiation of mainly alpha, beta, and gamma rays. The nuclear fission cycle works on neutron radiation, and neutron radiation doesn't happen much outside of reactors or nuclear weapons. So basically, it is good at arresting the sustained nuclear reaction because of neutron absorption, but wont really stop alpha, beta, or gamma radiation more than lead. In reactors, they use boron 10 to poison it in case of an emergency

[@toxiclaboratories7070]

is it possible to synthesize an alloy utilizing erbium and lead to prevent radiation contamination and or protect someone from radiation

[@thelowmein9143]

Greg Foreman yeah I'd like to hear more about its fission killing properties as well, can control rods for nuclear reactors be made of erbium

[@toxiclaboratories7070]

The Lowmein I was thinking of a practical and affordable way to shield someone from nuclear radiation for something such as bunkers and nuclear fallout shelters

[@greenaum]

No, it can poison nuclear reactions if it's near the atoms that are fissioning, but it doesn't do anything to block radiation. At least, no more than any other equally dense metal. The only protection from gamma radiation is atoms, lots of them, and the denser the element the better. That way the chances of a photon of radiation hitting an atom, and stopping there, are higher. Lead is cheap enough and very dense, so that's what we usually use.

[@LaughingManRa]

Oh, nevermind. The erbium video you posted on your nottinghamscience chanel just answered my question. :-)

[@artytomparis]

Hi. I may have misunderstood but if this element can kill dead any nuclear fission process could it be used to neutralise the reactions in the Fukushimo and shut down the plant?

[@BUGBUSTERss]

is because the electrons in the material requires a lot of energy to be moved to a higher energy state. (i am not sure about the following part) lead for example is very heavy and dense, it has a lots of electrons, so it is quite often for an electron to interact with the radiation and absorbs the energy and so it stops it there and the fact that lead is dense increase the amount of electrons per unit area and makes it a even better radiation blocker. on the other hand Erbium has a atomic number

[@AvZNaV]

But without Erbium, this video wouldn't obviously exist. So, no one can be watching this video without Erbium.

[@fkurcik]

How does this optical gain effect works? It has something to do with molecular transition to lower energy state. Does that mean that the Erbium ions get destroyed over time at the cost of achieving the optical gain?

[@dhwanitchem]

Cool Video Professor! An Addition to my knowledge of chemistry

[@Christophe_L]

Will the erbium in amplifiers have to be replaced, eventually? Otherwise, where does the extra energy come from?

[@Connelly90]

Ytterby really cold in Ytterby then? lol

[@U014B]

Ja, fur schœren!

[@Haitchpeasauce]

+Noel Goetowski A Møøse once bit my sister... No realli!

[@skatterpro]

It pains me to see Danglish represented as Swenglish. ä* ö*

[@DrorSapir]

Where do I buy erbium doped glass??

[@ColePaquette]

New internet hero: the badass professor who got bored of lasers. I like it.

[@theoldcookiemonster]

so does erbium absorb neutrons or does it stop a different way

[@BUGBUSTERss]

edit: particle or wave ... can pass through a certain material is because the electrons in the material requires a certain amount of energy to be moved to a higher energy state. if a particle A carries 1ev of energy to block this particle you would need an electron of needing 1ev to jump to a higher state. if the particle have 0.5 ev and the electron need 1ev it would pass through. if the particle have 2 ev and the electron need 1 ev it would also pass through while jumping the electron.

[@Kaihlik]

I'm going from vague memory of that situation but the problem as I remember it was that although the reaction had stopped the fuel rods were still very hot and the coolant flow had been knocked out by earthquake. The problem I think was the danger of the fuel rods melting through the reactor case and ejecting nuclear material. Also if it did this I think that the absence of the control rods could have restarted a nuclear reaction. Not sure through, I'm just going from memory.