1949年中国人均受教育年份1年多。人均小学一年级水平。知识分子只有1%人口,也就是几百万吧。那时候大陆小学4年级以上学历就算有文化了。被称为高小。大部分人都是文盲农民。你对文盲宣传自由民主专制共产主义资本主义,谁听得懂啊。民国上层这些官员士绅地主买办对底层的态度当时美国政府的代表史迪威将军写了一本书 Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911-45.我摘抄几段并翻译你看看:史迪威跟国民党的刘将军进行交谈,史迪威的谈话记录显示,他有通过对话抓住说话者个性的非凡才能;通过这番谈话,他提炼了中国统治阶层的态度。刘将军承认损失严重,大约有60万人,但那“ 其实是好事……中国士兵都是些盗匪和流氓无赖。我们把他们送到前线去送死,这样就可以清除我们当中的坏分子”。问到士兵的军饷是多少,刘回答说是每月8元,并说“如果给他们更多钱,他们就不会打仗了”。至于战争的持续时间,刘将军认为至少要一两年。到那个时候日本的财政将会破产,他们的士兵开始想家,而外国列强也会参战。实际上日本占领的土地越多越好,因为那样的话就更容易同化他们。“长远来看日本人将会消失,他们会像蒙古人和满族人一样被汉族人同化。”当问到如果中国受到封锁,那么怎么解决食盐和机车燃油问题,刘回答说,日本占领的地方越多,则留给中国的地方越少,“那样我们就无须在大面积上运转”,也就用不了那么多汽油了。史迪威意识到了他们跟刘将军那样的人之间的“鸿沟”。他确信,如果中国战胜了日本,“那么内部将会再出问题”。对此很少有人怀疑,因为在那个冬天,汉口的政府和统治阶层中正弥漫着一种衰败的氛围。南京陷落后史迪威曾经表达过这个意思,提到过“对目前的大溃败要负主要责任的腐朽败落的政府”。与此类似的是,卡尔森此时在给总统的信中说,他 “对知识分子甚至是中产阶级的态度都感到厌倦。城市里充满了对战争没有明显兴趣的男男女女。他们对自己国家的未来并无任何责任感”。卡尔森在汉口参加一个中国人的晚宴时提议为抗战的中坚力量“老百姓”干杯,可是据当时在场的约翰逊大使说,当时应者寥寥。约翰逊也觉得通常人的态度是“让我们战斗到底,直到流干苦力最后一滴血”,而“与此同时宋家仍然不断施展阴谋诡计,这有时让我深恶痛绝”。这本书英文版我也有,里面从美国人角度看中国民国的社会,包括国民党共产党和军队都相当有趣,比如刘将军的那一段:A talk with a Kuomintang officer, General Liu, recorded with Stilwell's remarkable gift for catching character in dialogue, distilled for him the attitude of the governing class. Yes, losses had been heavy, General Liu admitted, about 600,000, but that was "really a good thing.. . . The Chinese soldiers are all bandits, robbers, thieves and rascals. So we send them to the front and they get killed off and in that way we are eliminating our bad elements." Asked how much pay a soldier received, he replied $8 a month and "if he got any more he wouldn't fight." As to the duration of the war General Liu thought at least one year or two. By that time the Japanese would be broken financially, their soldiers would be homesick and the foreign powers would have entered the war. Actually the more ground Japan occupied the better because they would be that much more easily absorbed. "In the long run the Japanese will disappear, absorbed by the Chinese as were the Mongols and the Manchus." Asked what China would do for salt and motor fuel if blockaded, he replied that the more territory Japan occupied the smaller would be the part left to China, "so we won't have to move around so much then" and would need less gasoline.