Expansion and Consequences: Crash Course European History #5

European exploration had a lot of side effects. When the Old World and the New World began to interact, people, wealth, food, animals, and disease began to flow in both directions. In the New World, countless millions were killed by smallpox, measles, and other Old World diseases. Old World animals changed life in the New World irrevocably, and the extraction of wealth and resources from the Americas ultimately contributed to the development of the Atlantic Slave Trade. So, it was an exchange with a lot of downside, especially for non-Europeans.
SOURCES
Pringle, Heather. “Sugar Masters in the New World,” Smithsonian Magazine, January 12, 2010,
Smithsonian.com www.smithsonia...
Seijas, Tatiana. Asian Slaves in Colonial Mexico: From Chos to Indians. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
www.sciencemag...
Smith, Bonnie G. Modern Empires: A Reader. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.
Smith, Bonnie G. Women in World History from 1450. London: Bloomsbury, 2019.
Spielvogel, Jackson J. Western Civilization. 7th ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2009.
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#crashcourse #history #europeanhistory

[@rohanagrawal1415]

i miss the high energy old crash course videos, but this has its own vibe

[@stressedbusinessman]

Put the video on 1.25 speed

[@lorisuprifranz]

You might like to know that John Cabot and Cristopher Columbus real names were Giovanni Caboto and Cristoforo Colombo. Still a lot of italian explorer got translated in this period

[@nishyone7596]

Lisa Dixon one could also argue then that he should be called nikolaus kopernikus, given his German parentage and first language

[@lorisuprifranz]

Usually it depends by how a name is easy to pronounce. For very hard names it can be understandable why some sources tried to change them. Still it should remain a higly peculiar name so to avoid horrors like this one: "Cristóbal Colón was spanish because he had a spanish name" (which is wrong i am using it as an example)

[@lorisuprifranz]

@@stardust86x Yea i know. It was an example of the errors people make after localizing names in their own country. I heard thar error sometimes and i hated it

[@MacZaglewski]

I was just going to say this! Quite a disappointing joke?

[@starhawck]

World: Exists* Europeans: "It's free real-estate"

[@nubbinthemonkey]

because empire-building is a European thing

[@starhawck]

@@nubbinthemonkey is e jouk, nut ey dik, dunt teik it tu diip

[@starhawck]

@@nubbinthemonkey P. Es Empaer bilding may not be an evropean thinng, evropeans are as sure as hel the best at it

[@calebr7199]

@@nubbinthemonkey He never said that.

[@primkup]

Hippity hoppity your spices are now my property.

[@CanadaMMA]

The new episodes are really getting better as they are going along. I think what was missing for me at first was the fact John wasn't talking to Stan. I don't miss "Me from the Past".

[@harshithgowni1528]

I miss him.

[@cajunpower]

Shutup lol

[@rebecatovar1577]

I miss him too! Lol

[@TheR971]

Can we all appreciate the most horse faced horse ever to be drawn at 12:15?

[@404Dannyboy]

"What people thought was one world turned out to be two." Meanwhile Australia goes to cry in a corner feeling forgotten.

[@LukeBunyip]

I suspect we will be dragged, kicking and screaming, into this festering mess...

[@dargondude2375]

So is Australia the third world

[@lhfirex]

I figured Australia was too busy fighting for survival against virtually everything that lives there to feel forgotten.

[@historyoftheromans2527]

It was a joke we all know that and I know it coz I live in Australian

[@RedbadofFrisia]

*furiously huffing gasoline and sleeping on the road*

[@TheAnthraxBiology]

"The English were much kinder rulers" *Stares in Irish*

[@Ragd0ll1337]

*stares in Indian (from India)*

[@jenisedai]

Stares in Scottish

[@pickledirick8338]

The Scottish were colonisers alongside England... I don't get it.

[@jenisedai]

@@pickledirick8338 the Scottish haven't been an independent nation since the early 1700s. They've been colonized by, and subjected to, English rule for much of their history.

[@pickledirick8338]

@@jenisedai Scotland has been colonised? Hahahahaha someone doesn't know what the Act of Union of 1707 actually is. Scotland has been subjected to English rule? You don't have a clue. You could make an argument for the whole of the UK being under London's rule, but not England's. Trust me, I live in England.

[@manueldelrio7147]

Little known fact is that Spain as a kingdom (not to say its population) didn't actually profit that much from the conquest: its ruling dynasty (the Habsburgs) squandered almost all of it in an absurdly outdated, expensive and imperialist foreign policy and armies (mostly warring Protestant countries to defend/recover lands for Catholicism); the gold and silver created massive inflation and a low stimulus towards the development of trade and manufacture, the basis of any prosperous modern economy. It ended up being a curse in disguise.

[@DuranmanX]

The curse wasn't in disguise for most people

[@Oxtocoatl13]

I think they covered that part of it years ago on World History. We might get more on the subject when we hear about the wars of religion

[@lakrids-pibe]

But Flanders prospered.

[@jonathanallison785]

Thats what economists call the Dutch disease

[@manueldelrio7147]

@How bout' you chill If only... Ruling a poorer and underdeveloped country didn't fare all that well in the long run for their own ambitions either.

[@TheJaxelRose]

I'm a massive fan of crash course thanks to John Green and I just googled him to tell my fellow indy native how grateful I am. Turns out this guy wrote "Looking for Alaska" and "The Fault in Our Stars"!!! Very cool credentials but Crash Course is by far my favorite work of his. Thanks for all you do, John. I've learned so much!

[@morgarizzle]

As someone from Vietnam, once a colony of France, I also grew up hearing that it was a shame that we were colonized by France and not England, as English colonization is good for the colony's economy and they treated the citizen better. It was passing remarks by my mother, but I nevertheless thought it was true until this very day.

[@Madhattersinjeans]

Hard to say really. Treatment for the natives would probably be no better under any colonial ruler though it's hard for me to really back this up, there's a world of difference between a Spanish colony in Mexico in the 1500s and a colony under British rule in the 1700s. That said, the Monarchy in the 1900s under Queen Elizabeth was pretty instrumental in granting freedom to previous colonies and the decolonisation period. Which may have prevented a potential war in a country like Vietnam. Although I think that was embroiled in the capitalism/communism series of proxy wars around the world so it's possible that conflict was inevitible no matter who ruled it. I haven't studied this subject much so you'd be better off reading some wikipedia really. :/

[@madelcyfuentes6709]

Great approach to La Virgen de Guadalupe!! Como mexicana, me agradó mucho.

[@LuinTathren]

I just love watching John talk. He's so cute. And what he says is so informative and thought provoking.

[@arberor4597]

@Tathrennor But it’s extremely bias and one sided

[@newmantopia]

@@arberor4597 Biased toward whom?

[@arberor4597]

@Jesse Newman Towards European history

[@giorgiapratico3660]

Thank you for these videos. I decided to bring to my class more history facts to then talk about racism, injustice and inequity and I am finding your videos so helpful!

[@adamek0020]

Me: "Wait, another video without eastern Europe?" John: "..colonialism, slave trade and exploitation of natives" Me: "All yours, westeners"

[@cometmoon4485]

Eastern Europeans aren't so innocent in this. The governments of USA and Canada needed to populate all the land they stole from the native people, so they invited tonnes of white Europeans from countries like Poland, Ukraine and Belarus to come and settle in those lands instead.

[@dv4497]

@@cometmoon4485 That's not even remotely the same.

[@cometmoon4485]

@@dv4497 I never said it was the same, just that Eastern Europeans aren't so innocent in the colonisation and ethnocide of North America.

[@goncalojesus7583]

@@cometmoon4485 We cant fully blame the Europeans for the colonization, they were starving after the Otomans blocked the Asian trade routes, also they gave the native populations Bananas!

[@maxheller7815]

@@cometmoon4485 it wasnt that much of an invitation. Eastern europeans and europeans in general began massive migrations before and after the wars. It was mainly because of a low living standard, poverty and after ww2 political refugees escaping the fascists and communists. All my grandparents were refugees escaping the injustice in my country and believe me, they werent "invited" to live in a city across the atlantic

[@Michel73526]

CrashCourse is amazing. I’m loving these new European history videos. I am glad that they dialed back on the speed of which John speaks for these videos. It makes comprehension far easier and gives the viewer time to digest the information. I would love another world history series or US History series at which John slows down a bit and gives more information.

[@NACBEAST]

Before John gets too many people hyped on de las Casas: he didn't want to abolish forced labor all together, he just wanted to replace the natives with African Slaves, who he thought were totally okay to use in this manner.

[@beth8775]

He's still a significant historical figure that I've never heard of, but yes, throwing that in would be helpful perspective.

[@davitxenko]

Castile a very poor kingdom?! By what standars Mr Green ? If we compare it with the Ming China yes, if we compare Castile with the other European kingdoms no. It was arguabily one of the strongest and most prosperous kingdoms since the 13th century; and if we add Aragon and it's mediterranean posesions to the mix we have the European superpower that was the new Kingdom of Spain, only challenged by France and the Ottoman Empire.

[@leonzoful]

You know Anglo-Saxons being Anglo-Saxons, always attributing Spain status as superpower only to the wealth from America

[@404Dannyboy]

Depends on how you measure wealth. Castille had a lot of money at the beginning of the age of exploration but this wealth was largely as a result of gains from the reconquista. In terms of Castilles actual production and trade it was poor for its size. Isabella II largely funded Columbus with money siezed from expelling the jews from Castille after taking Granada.

[@leonzoful]

@@404Dannyboy yes, but Spanish, both Castilian and Aragones, weren't that many. Spain was huge, yes, but it didn't have a big enough population

[@leonzoful]

@Amon Ra it's not only that, but in all Anglo-Saxon records, be English, Australian, or American it is always discrediting Spain

[@404Dannyboy]

@@leonzoful That is part of why it was more poor than larger kingdoms. Less people = less farmers and craftsmen and traders = less money.

[@andersonandrighi4539]

8:00 name translations were common back them. John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and Christopher Colombus (Cristoforo Colombo) were their names in Italian. We don't translate names anymore, João Verde.

[@bambangsuwarno3760]

John Green, if I passed my pre-law exam on July, just wanna let you know, you're one of the greatest teachers I have ever had

[@TheOsamaBahama]

2:55 John is not just referring to all kinds of brazillian wood in general. He is referring to a very specific wood, called "Brazil Wood", which is where the country gets it's name from ! The wood was said to be "red as ember", so the portuguese called it Brasil (meaning "like ember").

[@TheOsamaBahama]

Brasa = Ember Brasil = Like Ember

[@leopoldogonzalez2090]

Finally adressing the Black legend for what it is!!! Very rare in an English spoken video. ..

[@SystemBD]

The English could perpetuate that legend because they actually killed the indigenous people instead of just ruling over and "mix" with them. Dead men tell no tales, after all.

[@Pizza23333]

System BD well, that's a straight up lie. The English mixed with the native populations as much as any other, even having terms such as "country-born" to describe such things. You should be embarrassed that you made such an ignorant statement.

[@ignacio1171]

@@Pizza23333 that is untrue. The English colonists mixed much less than the Spanish did. While the Spanish preferred to rule over the natives, the English were more content in killing them off and ruling over their lands. The Spanish settlers and conquistadors often married into the existing social classes of the Native South and Central American society, evidenced by things such as the complex table of all the different races as a result of the intermixing, and the demographics of current Latin American states. Compare this to English North American colonies and you see that there is a much more homogeneous and predominantly "European" population as a result of little mixing.

[@rjanmortensen6042]

@@ignacio1171 what an absurd statement. The British usually instituted a small ruling class of brits who then ruled the much larger population of natives. Out right extermination is a rarity even in colonial times.

[@Pizza23333]

Ignacio A Keeping in mind you are the second person who has asserted and failed to back up that the English killed rather than mingled, your attempt to justify this leads you to say things and assume they prove you true, without actually proving they are. Your assertion on the social classes in South and Central America is your big mistake. First, the population of those areas - with the existence of Empires such as the Inca and Aztec - meant the existence of several factors. One a significantly higher population than North America, by some estimates as much as 90% of the total population. You put forward this high number as proof of a greater desire for intermingling, but it isn't. When there is a significantly larger native population to begin with, they will have a much larger visible impact on society simply by presence. It does not, in and of itself, point to a greater desire to intermingle. The second factor to use to justify is social class, which is another false equivalence. While the English - and later British - colonies had social class it wasn't nearly as rigid as those found in the Spanish colonies. Trying to point to a social structure that neither the English/British nor the Natives of those areas had as proof of greater intermingling is silly. It also ignores the nature of these societies - with the mainly oral-traditions of those Natives compared to the Inca and Aztec that had written records. Most people in the US and Canada are believed to have some trace of native ancestry- but many will simply identify as European because it is often a choice, rather than something enforced by society in which they live. It was also far more advantageous to identify as European in those places due to historical and modern racism, which also impact perceptions. So that assertion of a preference for killing is simply a "black legend" of its own, and people perpetuating that myth should continue to be ashamed. Twisting factors to suit your argument is not how history is supposed to be studied.

[@herodotus945]

Fun fact : the oldest still existing city in continental USA is St. Augustine in Florida from 1565 but i guess most people dont know this because it is founded by Spaniards and Africans rather by English people like Jamestown.

[@404Dannyboy]

Africans had nothing to do with that city. It isn't well known because it is the earliest still existing town, not the earliest town.

[@beaudaniel1370]

the USA wasnt Spanish founded so why would we celebrate an enemies colony? we got it in 1823 a state in 1845 so no we dont really care its old and spanish....there isnt a ton to celebrate with the Spanish

[@beaudaniel1370]

we still hate Florida

[@francaellerman2276]

@@beaudaniel1370"Why should we celebrate an enemies colony?" The Spanish had half of America's land, so I'd say America was partly Spanish founded.

[@nicholasmaniccia1005]

@@francaellerman2276 we didn't fight Spain for independence dumb dumb stop playing mental gymnastics

[@DJayBJay206]

Thank you for you continued account of history. Some people like sports, some people like pop culture, but history is my euphoric experience.

[@evans8639]

Put it on 1.25x speed if you want it to sound like the old crash course histories

[@williamnjagi2388]

He now speaks much slower for a greater audience

[@magtovi]

**gasp** Magic!

[@baseupp12]

No 1.5 to really get that authentic feel

[@robertboekee8733]

Did the same thing before reading this comment it cheers me up

[@adirotenberg7350]

Evan S thanks

[@cmck17]

Thank you thank you thank you thank you John!!!!!!!!!!!!!! THIS video literally perfectly tied in the rest of your crash course world history videos!!!!!!!! Thank you!! Again.. :P also: never give up on what you’re doing. You are a genuine role model for me, and I’m a serious sceptic of everything, and look to educationally literate fact based information to turn to, for both escapism and education, with great success’s from your teachings. So thank you.

[@Oxtocoatl13]

The point about the Spanish really not having the experience necessary to rule such a vast empire was very interesting. It wasn't made any easier by the conquistadors being opportunist social climbers who would gladly fight each other for personal gain. Cortez was technically an outlaw when he conquered Mexico and Pizarro was murdered by his Spanish rivals.

[@JoeSmith-hv7oe]

This is my favorite video series on KZbin right now. Muchos gracias, John Green and CC.

[@Icedpyro21]

im pretty sure they used turnips before pumpkins were brought over

[@CaesarAugustus.]

“I’ve always found it very funny that the two most famous Italian sailors in history are named John Cabot and Christopher Columbus.” Only in the English-speaking world. In Spain and Latin America, for example, everyone knows “Christopher Columbus” as Cristobal Colon.

[@hectzen23]

the human body

[@benbellusci4413]

I would enjoy talking to John about his policy beliefs, something about studying past injustices and inequality really opens a person's eyes to flaws in how our society works today.

[@Primo9000]

The name Christopher Columbus is the Anglicisation of the Latin Christophorus Columbus. His name in Ligurian is Cristoffa Corombo, in Italian Cristoforo Colombo, in Spanish Cristóbal Colón, and in Portuguese, Cristóvão Colombo. (Wiki)

[@oiramet]

Your videos are blowing my mind. This information would take years to collect. Thanks a bunch Indiana.

[@jp15151]

It would have been interesting if you had also talked about the colonies of France and Holland, not just Spanish and English ones.

[@sittingonceilings6805]

Well those don't relate as much to the USA.

[@jp15151]

@@sittingonceilings6805 Well New France once extended all the way to nowadays Louisiana, and Mannathan started as a Dutch colony, so it does kinda relate. In any case, it's not like only people from the USA watch Crash Course.

[@RedbadofFrisia]

@@jp15151 give it time, i'm sure they will focus on other things too. That said, it will be centered around the Americas no doubt.

[@comradeofthebalance3147]

jp15151 Netherlands not Holland. Holland is a district in The Netherlands. Plus historians would see Dutch rather than Netherlands nor Holland

[@lsshvs8415]

@@sittingonceilings6805 isnt this series about Europe?

[@adarawall2472]

Beautifully done! Wonderful speech at the end about the impacts of history and it's results as we live them today. This is excellent material for filling knowledge gaps for teachers.

[@davidhemsath4262]

Did the influx of silver and gold cause high inflation in Europe?

[@leonzoful]

Oh yes, it did

[@marcustulliuscicero5443]

To a degree that Spain, even after shipping a large chunk of the American silver off to China, defaulted 9 times between 15576 and 1666

[@culwin]

omg spoilers

[@Scott89878]

Inflation ended up being the decline of the Spanish Empire, not to mention they were over extended and couldn't administrate their colonies very well.

[@phyrexian_dude4645]

It did, in fact, the inflation forced them to look for other kind of goods to sell and began the Botanic Expeditions.

[@camiloiribarren1450]

This is actually a lengthy episode! Learning so much more than I thought

[@ethanmagdaleno5332]

8:05 What about my boy Amerigo Vespucci. He literally has TWO continents named after him.

[@deduegaming8435]

incorrect. since places that are named after people traditionally use their last names, vespucci couldn't have had the americas named after him, it was most likely another explorer, richard ameryk

[@sig_pagot]

Wasn't Bartolomé De Las Casas a supporter of the use of african slaves in the American continent? Sure he changed his mind after but maybe it should be told to show the full picture

[@disappointmentslough]

I always got the sense from his writing (although racism of the translators may play a role here) that he had an idealized view of the "nobility" of Native Americans and an extremely negative view of the same when it came to Africans. He did suggest kidnapping and "importing" African slaves so that Native American laborers could be freed from what was essentially serfdom.

[@Themadhorse]

He saw his mistake and wanted to do something about it.

[@pedrolmlkzk]

No, I've read part of his work, he wasn't against slavery per se (at least in the beggining) but he thought Indian slavery was against the faith/unjust, and he (in his on words so take with a grain of salt) was in favour of it because he thought it would free up the indians

[@MikTukLui89]

07:57 Actually in italian their names were known as "Giovanni Caboto" and "Cristoforo Colombo". For the English language it was easier to just translate and pronounce their names to *John Cabot* and *Christopher Columbus.*

[@anotherfrenchdude1]

I had never heard of the "Black Legend" before, but it sounds quite similar to what I've often heard about the French colonization of North America. They say the reason why many tribes sided with France during the French and Indian War was because they treated them better than the other Europeans in the rest of the Americas, mainly trading with them and marrying into their tribes.

[@agilemind6241]

Yes, that is a standard belief taught in Canadian schools. It does seem to have 'some' truth to it but reality is probably "they weren't as terrible" as the English. The French would still do things like get native drunk/addicted to alcohol to secure lop-sided trade deals, and pitch tribes against tribes when it suited them. And the few larger colonies the French set up in Quebec did usually end up warring with the local natives at times. But most of the French presence were the voyageurs who were small scale traders so usually worked with the natives rather than in conflict with them.

[@albertolopezrolo6899]

The Black Legend is a very complex topic and a very effective political tool, every empire has its own, and the Spanish is longer than John has explained 1. Started by Italians, when Aragon ruled the south of Italy, who said that Spaniards were bad christians becuse they had bad blood (mixed with the jews and the arabs), that was very offensive back then. 2. Something later used by Germans and Dutsch during the protestant reformation (Marthin Luther was a big antisemite, which included the Spaniards) which deemed the Spaniards as barabaric, blood and gold thristy, as opposed to the good noble protestants. 3. The black legend was later used by France after its revolution, to say that Spain was dark and medieval country were sciency and culture was inexistent and to justify its invasion and occupation (simlar things where said about Russians for the same reason), as opposed to the ilustrated France. Also spain was doomed as intolerant because it had spell the jews and the moors after 1492, and all the scientist and wise had left Spain, because of its intolerant catholic view. 4. This was also used then, and a rewrite of the histroy of the Conquest was made to justify the Independence of the Spanish territories there. 5. Finally in the US, hiponofobia and straight made up black legends were made during late XIXth century to justify the Spanish-American war over Cuba and to justify also US expansion

[@Madhattersinjeans]

It's kinda complicated. But my understanding is the Spanish black legend lasted the longest because they were the biggest power in Europe for a long time, or certainly after their colonisation of the Americas brought a lot of wealth. There are black legends for most countries depending on who was at war with who.

[@beth8775]

@@agilemind6241 I learned that idea growing up in southern Indiana too. There was a heavy French presence in this area.

[@masn9997]

@@albertolopezrolo6899 You're absolutely right. "Fake news" is not something new at all and it all has to do with envy.

[@miacayli]

Giovanni Caboto landed on the island of Newfoundland where St. John's is today, but the Norse had found it first on the Northern Peninsula and called it Vinland! Not to mention the native Beothuk peoples that were brutally murdered thereafter... rough stuff

[@Argacyan]

15:23 I think one interesting thing is that still, child mortality globally is 49% caused by starvation and malnutrition. We produce food for more than 3 billion more people than there are and yet hundreds of millions die from starvation and malnutrition.

[@robertjarman3703]

Argacyan We as a species united produce the calories such that nobody has to ever starve or be malnurished. But our economic and political systems make it so that is not true.

[@Argacyan]

If you mean that the systematic paradigms of capitalism and corporate neoimperialism, facilitated by global eradication of any threads to the syphoning of goods and wealth away from where they're needed, make it so the fact of overproduction and undersupply remains until total collapse such that the bare life, liberty and pursuit of happiness of everyone is weighted less than endless profit for the few then yes. Absolutely. Our political systems and economics make it so that market failure endures.

[@kaesong6080]

You said that it was weird that the two Italian was explorers had funny sounding english names. Thats because their original names was Christoforo Colombo and Giovanni Caboto and was anglicised by english speakers

[@agilemind6241]

In Canada, Giovanni Caboto is also frenchised (?) as "Jean Cabot" (with a silent "t") just to make everything even more confusing.

[@abdiwelisimba4160]

What i have learnt from crash course is much more beneficial and confidential than what i learned from University. Because for me its all about enjoying study and feel pleased.

[@vivita128c]

As Latin American is very hard to remember this stories, but I appreciate the respectful manner He tells them. And as said in the previous video: history is about shifting perspectives.

[@animeshsaurav9331]

We are the products of history, but we are also producing history, a sentence worth reflecting upon.

[@gimpytheimp]

John Cabot was the second European to discover Newfoundland after the Vikings. Helps to be the most Eastern point in North America.

[@joaoguilhermemalatocorreia7570]

no, search for João Vaz Corte-Real, he went to america in 1472 in a lot of secrecy

[@72theboss1]

I think this is a great episode, but you did forget to say the VERY IMPORTANT 2ND PART OF LAS CASAS' STORY. He turned people away from using local slave labour, and attempted to instead tell people to use the trans-atlantic slave trade, to use black slaves instead. He was a progenitor of human rights, but he was also vile and heinous, and forgetting that part is cruel to the blacks he demanded be used in slave roles.

[@ZioStalin]

8:05 You mean Giovanni Caboto and Cristoforo Colombo! (= I'm Italian :P

[@Sma3oYaJame3a]

Wooo! New crash course history courses! Been waiting for this for YEARS!

[@dracobeli172]

To answer the question that you made in the start of the video (0:43) well here in Peru the spanish conquest made changes that still resonate today.That spanish conquest has made that geographically Lima become a crowed city and generate the diference between the two big regions, the coast and peruvian highlands, are two separete worlds. Great video.

[@godofthisshit]

What was it prior?

[@dracobeli172]

@@godofthisshitWell the Inca Empire, one of the greatest empire in South America

[@anananita1231]

Asian people were enslaved during the colonies in Latin America? I’d never heard of that, Could I get sources, please?

[@J_T_B]

l love the longer episodes. keep em coming stan (and john)

[@ACrownofFlowers]

We also have brown Jesus in Escipulas in Guatemala. Supposedly the Spanish had a white Jesus in the beginning and then one day when the priest of the church came back he found it to be brown and declared it a miracle.

[@Madhattersinjeans]

Sometimes you have to take what miracles you can get.

[@ACrownofFlowers]

@@Madhattersinjeans hahahaha

[@charifmessary]

I can't understand why 11 people put a down thumb. I.Just.Can't One of the best channels ever!

[@onutthenut5694]

Ahhh should have uploaded it yesterday Wrote my history exam on colonialism and its consequences on friday

[@samanthakim1975]

I'm Portuguese and I always heard people call him Cristóvão Colombo

[@andrewhatherall915]

"What they thought was one world was actually two!" Australia " am I a joke to you"

[@sixAdam22]

Mr. Green Mr. Green !!!! Why are you so sad and serious in this video...?

[@mianotiano3538]

Fox man white guilt

[@dielfonelletab8711]

well the subjugation, enslavement, and genocide of half of the world isn't exactly a cheery topic

[@PairsOfDuals]

@@mianotiano3538 If you really think that talking seriously about the effects of slavery, the death of millions of Natives and the general consequences of 16th and 17th century colonialism is "white guilt," then you're just an idiot and you don't actually know what that phrase means.

[@dannylim834]

PairsOfDuals white guilt

[@leodarksam6230]

Subject matter.

[@johnyguerrero5120]

every time I watch John, I learn something new ! thank u for making them !!!

[@Lleruelu]

So glad that the Black Legend is acknowledged here. In other videos I've seen around, some pieces of this English propaganda are presented as fact. I love how all angles are meticulously explored in these vids. Great work CC!

[@thethirdjegs]

the english deserves their own black legend. areas under their colonization barely have any indigenous people, not even mixedblood ones.

[@alessandrocastellan756]

I get so excited when I see that a new European history video is up, love your work!!

[@FroehligGirlz]

I can't wait for Crash Course's "History of History"

[@marianareyes9388]

I love the way he mispronounced Nahuatl. Love you John, love from Mexico.

[@gabrielgonzalezc1037]

“Existing healthcare systems of the native Americans”

[@Flamingbob25]

I mean they had healthcare systems, like they were just very different than modern ones. Like going to a medicine person for herbs that reduce swelling/relieve pain healthcare system.

[@quetzalcoatl3242]

As well as public and obligatory education at least in Mesoamerica.

[@tjs200]

he is using the phrase "healthcare system" in a more general/abstract way.

[@seanhallett7156]

Like the existing healthcare system of human sacrafice

[@agilemind6241]

@@seanhallett7156 LOL nope. Human sacrifice was mostly just the Aztecs at it was for religious reasons, the some European "healthcare" at the time was more into human sacrifice than people indigeneous to the Americas - which King was it that drank the blood of a dozen men to cure their sickness only for all involved to die anyway? Many native american remedies have been shown to be more effective than the bleeding and purging the Europeans were into at the time.

[@Fake123-j1w]

Love these they are saving my life

[@safehallak]

Thank you very much for all these amazing videos.

[@artdent9871]

Actually, the French are given credit for being the least genocidal of Europeans in terms of Native interactions, at least in Canada. The English wanted their land, the French wanted their furs, is the high-school-level understanding of that bit of history.

[@earsnot4forgot]

Mr. Green, you seem a little...blue in this video. Hope all is well:) I love all the content on CC and you by far are someone that has changed so many of my student's perspectives Much love from Bakersfield CA!

[@lorycarloni1584]

For anyone out there wanting to learn more on Barolome De Las Casas, I recommend reading the valladolid controversy.

[@dasffs]

Wow.. Closing message super on-point for today's times. Amazing.

[@j4296]

Correct me if I'm wrong but weren't the Dutch first on the whole "raiding Spanish shipping lanes" thing? I do recall stories about the "Watergeuzen", a group of protestant rebels, who raided Spanish shipping lanes before the English even arrived in the Carribean.

[@varana]

But the targets of the Dutch rebels was not so much colonial trade routes as rather shipping in the North Sea and along the European coasts. While both are piracy, the Watergeuzen didn't have much to do with the Americas.

[@j4296]

@@varana Beg to differ, indeed these privateers did focus on the European theater of war but the main target was still the silver fleets, which were the backbone of the Spanish economy. I think the confusion arises from the fact that they used English ports before the 80 Years War had officially kicked off.

[@andrewlouie2]

John, this is not a book. You're not supposed to make me cry at the end

[@redmancasey]

John! I can't find this tangent story of yours about the Native American Church of Ghost Dancers. Seems fitting that you cover that here. Which episode was that inserted in? I thought it was in your history explained.

[@stevekluth9060]

I love the CC History videos. One comment: The estimated 90% loss of the Native American population is probably an underestimate as more research is showing that it is probably closer to over 95%. Both are devastating, but 95% means that even the previous estimate of the remaining population is halved.

[@pedrolmlkzk]

Sources?

[@MyKrabi]

Thanks Crash Course for presenting a more nuanced history than what was taught to me in school - I appreciate that you actually point out Game of Thrones style - there were huge consequences for us in Latin Americas, Asia and Africas. I am Indian and most of my family died due to starvation imposed by the British.

[@arberor4597]

@MyKrabi No the positives the British bought outweighs the negative

[@maria-lz3he]

Love this course so far! Xx.

[@enwilkes7]

Yea! Thanks for the shout out to Our Lady of Guadalupe! My absolute favorite image of Mary as well as Marian apparition.

[@angharad.9743]

Everyone complaining he talks to slow now I’m here still struggling to process

[@hesliterallymebro]

*too

[@TheMemesofDestruction]

Hi John! Thank you for your perspective and hard work! ^.^

[@josephyml]

i expect the views to drop drastically on this series after the ap euro test

[@williamletourneau1446]

However, there will be a spike every year around April.

[@josephyml]

@@williamletourneau1446 very true.

[@mckenzieraynor8436]

I have my ap exam in an hour 😂 This is so helpful

[@danteller8282]

I've lived in Florida for nearly my entire life and I never once heard anything about "too bad we weren't British". I mean, for one, Florida was ceded to Britain after the Seven Years War and everyone seems to just forget about it; two, maybe it's just my area, but if anything, people kind of romanticize the idea that we could've been more influenced by those "kindly French Huguenots". I'm not sure that I really have a point here. Maybe it's just that I'm very close to St. Augustine and the Spanish element of our history is played up in a huge way in "the oldest city" in the US. Either way, you guys are awesome! Thanks for the video!

[@kentchamberlain5720]

"(these animals) arriving in the New World for the first time." Hate to be the insufferable "well actually" dweeb, but this is kind of a cool story. Horses are native to North America, and migrated to Eurasia when the Bering Land Bridge was a thing. That's good, because they died like the mammoths and giant ground sloths when humans first arrived in the Americas. So the land bridge prevented their extinction long enough for someone in the Caucasus to learn how to ride one, and the rest is history.

[@teresamartinlorenzo5741]

Cool story. Thank you! Actually I see your comment, together with those of other well-informed people, as part of the video, in a kind of wikiyoutubepedia.

[@hannahc3317]

Sugar would not make a great Christmas present? Well, yes it would, but you have to adjust for inflation.

[@ryfernandez]

Another great episode! Hope you guys cover European exploits in South East Asia later on

[@antivanti]

Jack-o'-lanterns were historically carved from turnips in Ireland so the lack of pumpkins is not the reason for lack of jack. However the practice started in the 19th century. Originally the term jack-o'-lantern referred to the light flickering phenomenon over peat bogs also known as will-o'-the-wisp

[@charliegenis4228]

Going straight from a US History CC video to this and I feel like the world has slowed down and set at 0.5x speed

[@immanuelkunt69]

your picture for hernan cortez is charles V @ 1:00

[@FroehligGirlz]

I've always wondered why all the history books leave out stuff like food and clothes.... oh, wait.... Go Clara Schuman! Rock that boat!

[@satanasteguarda]

We have ALWAYS lived in a "world with profound inequality and injustice", it's intelectual dishonesty when you make it appear like it's a product of modern civilization. In fact, we have LESS inequality and injustice today than in any other period of humankind history.

[@agilemind6241]

Depends on what specifically you are talking about, and what statistics you use. For people in developed countries inequality has been increasing since the early post-war period, and denying that is partially contributing to the alienation and frustration felt by so many that is driving them towards supporting fascism.

[@danielmould1487]

I’m very annoyed this has come out a week after I finished my dissertation on The Role of Piracy in the Colonisation of the New World haha

[@Gregoryzaniz]

Goof job!!

[@WiseWik]

Congratulations. That is a very interesting topic to write a dissertation on.

[@danielmould1487]

Laslus I did! I was watching as it was releasing back in the day. Just this episode in particular was more in tune with my diss

[@SamAronow]

I often worry about how terrible food must have tasted before contact with the new world.

[@knewledge8626]

Thank you very much for the final thought at the end.

[@fudgedonkey]

I'm so happy you're back

[@giovanifm1984]

John Cabot and Christopher Columbus are anglicized versions of the Italian names Giovanni Caboto and Cristoforo Colombo.

[@legsofoctopus797]

I wish these videos were there when I was studying for my AP European history 😂

[@Zeldarw104]

Okay!! 😢😑

[@nickkraw1]

Abortion is an issue in which those being denied their humanity are incapable of insisting upon it. It is why we, who have our our human dignity honoured, must speak even more vehemently and with more ardour to defend those who have no voice.

[@arandomuseroftheinternet8003]

What does this have to do with the video? Like at all??

[@nickkraw1]

A random user of the internet In the video, John Green uses the phrase that ‘in issues where groups of people are being denied their humanity, they must insist upon it’. I am pointing out that the largest and most significant genocidal denial of humanity for a major demographic of the human population is the yet to be born, and that because they are incapable of speaking up for themselves, we, the once pre born and now born, must speak up for them. It is the crisis of our times.

[@neach-brathaidh-fala]

Watching this makes me feel so sad.

[@Madhattersinjeans]

alexa play all star

[@rubbaducky1469]

Mad Hatters in jeans lol

[@Churhli]

..I was under the impression bananas originated from south east Asia and not Africa...

[@chadestioco]

"The cause of human rights always needs people who have them in order to press it forward but ultimately the people who are responsible for expansions in human rights are the people who are denied them and insist upon their humanity anyway." Powerful.