Exploring the Universe: Crash Course Big History #2

In which John Green, Hank Green, and Emily Graslie teach you about what happened in the Universe after the big bang. They'll teach you about cosmic background radiation, how a bunch of hydrogen and helium turned into stars, formed galaxies, created heavy elements, and eventually created planets.
For more information, visit www.bighistoryproject.com
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[@gyinagal]

"Today we will be talking about what happened after the Big Bang." This is quite possibly the vaguest statement possible

[@destoryeverything9677]

that can be anything from 0.0001 secs after it to 1000000000000 trillion years in the future, no limits there

[@ireallyhatemakingupnamesfo1758]

destory everything in fact there is "no edge"

[@TheSassi14]

gyinagal The "today we are talking about" part is rather specific, but else true

[@raenab1029]

gyinagal lol

[@LelouchKilluah]

Great! :)

[@jdsyke]

Crash Course Big History #2: Our Stars and the Fault in Them

[@adammehdi9205]

+Jack Syken YES

[@itzaaron9636]

The Fault in Our Stars

[@cartoonmaster2401]

You just won the prize for owning the internet for a day XD

[@gabrielmalek7575]

how do I like this comment gaaaaaaaa

[@magmamelonmonkey588]

Are you sure you don’t mean...... The fault in our stars 😂

[@RukiaSailormoon]

"Because let's face it our species isn't gonna make it until the sun wipes us out" I love these guys, always so blunt

[@queensaharaice7376]

Well,sadly its true😞😢

[@Fearofthemonster]

There are at least a million years. Don't underestimate the technology. 300 years ago we were travelling on horseback.

[@dylanscanlan1857]

+Fearofthemonster Exactly. Technology has advanced so much in the last 10 years, you can imagine what it will be like in the next million. Besides, what's going to wipe us out?

[@christianeh8846]

+Dylan Scanlan Ourselves, with pollution and global warming

[@dylanscanlan1857]

+Christian Eh That will require adapting but I 100% do not believe that we will wipe our selves out. We have survived a lot worse and we have always adapted.

[@armaansoni6906]

hank: "I love chemistry", John: "I hate chemistry" yep, they are brothers!

[@maddieerin6520]

Armaan Soni are they really?

[@khoboo]

My mind went blank when he says that there are other universe with different physics.

[@AnstonMusic]

*Could* be, that part is a bit speculative. (Other holes *might* exist in that block of cheese) I was almost a little worried that he stated that as a fact.

[@khoboo]

The limit of my knowledge don't permit me to further comment on this.

[@asgerlakkenborg2435]

In advance, sorry for any misconceptions/flawed logic as I write this: Currently, IIRC, the theory of different universes is not accepted in the same way as gravity, i. e. it hasn't really been proven. It conflicts with another theory, which might also be viable, called super-symmetry. If memory serves, the multiverse theory would indicate that everything is random, and that we exist in this universe only because this particular one happened to behave in a certain manner. The other one, super-symmetry, apparently leans toward a higher being toying around with us (And before you get all atheist-hypocritical, this is actual science, not religious mumbo-jumbo). Neither has been proven or disproven.

[@mattdombrowski8435]

Andy Flow he's getting two different kinds of multiverses mixed up, for the first part the incredible uniformity of our visible universe suggests that it continues that way for a considerable distance, and since the number of possible arrangements of atoms in a space the size of a planet is finite, there are bound to be interesting arrangements. the different laws of physics part is something that falls out of string theory. string theory requires 11 dimensions, which suggests that what we call the universe (both visible and invisible parts) are on the surface of a multidimensional shape that appears infinite from within. using the same principle of remarkably even constancy there are likely many such multidimensional shapes that contain other universes. there is no reason why they would have the same laws of physics inside them so they probably would be different.

[@khoboo]

All of you are giving me knowledganism. And it makes me think of what is the purpose of our struggle for survival. We are so goddamn small compared to it.

[@binbintrashtin]

"Your right hand, made in the belly of a star. Your left arm, potentially made in the belly of different star" What... What am I?

[@FieldGamers]

Crash Coarse is easily the best Channel on KZbin. I really hope people learn and become educated from watching these videos. They explain things so well and put things into words and graphics that everyone can understand.

[@arthur9078]

This was such a mind-blowing episode. Like... WOW, the universe is quite something!

[@queensaharaice7376]

True

[@BrianHutzellMusic]

It’s quite simple really! The universe is like a cheese. It is bigger than a grapefruit. My dog was formed in its belly. Easy, right?

[@EZR725]

@@BrianHutzellMusicThis comment underrated as hell

[@KaletheQuick]

A wild Emily appears! Emily uses science! It's super effective!

[@alexhood2886]

KaletheQuick Donald trump use nuclear weapons on himself. it super effective!

[@animationspace8550]

Oof! 0 XP earned

[@Moonbeam143]

We are the Universe. The Universe is in side of us. That's amazing.

[@davidshi451]

I know right??!!

[@DUES_EX]

So if i were the universe, i just went inside everyone? ;p

[@Moonbeam143]

Everybody is inside you, too. We're all in each other.

[@DUES_EX]

Thats so deep ;p maybe too deep for me

[@Rumble-Tusk]

Jack Daniels TWSS

[@spelunkerd]

I know it's more tricky to get three authors to contribute to one vid, but the end result is a lot greater than the sum. John, it's fantastic to see you dip a toe into the realm of science.

[@BluueBiru]

I'm so happy to see John and Hank working together on a video series. You guys both rock!

[@nilesrock024]

There are people out there who don't like chemistry? You poor bastards...

[@emperorpalpatine9841]

Theres people who dont like anything. Deal with it.

[@verdiss7487]

I love chemistry, but I can't stand chemists.

[@nilesrock024]

Verdiss That's fieldist!

[@nilesrock024]

Emperor Palpatine Deal with what? How much it must suck for other people not to like chemistry, one of the most important and interesting fields at our disposal? Cause, I mean, don't think I actually have to deal with anything there...

[@bacawaka2813]

meh. Chemistry is just applied physics.

[@stumpthegreat]

In one of my astronomy classes, we discussed several situations in which the Earth would be doom. For example, the Millky Way/Andromeda collision, the moon eventually leaving Earth's gravitational pull (or being pulled back in, and crashing down). However generally these all took longer than the life of Sun. As such, we had an ever growing list of bad things that would happen "...but it's okay because the sun will blow up first."

[@senikaarce8897]

You cannot convince me we’re the only life in the universe...it’s HUGE

[@Marrowhunter]

“We are a way for the cosmos to know itself.”

[@ThatCarterKid]

Just seeing these 2 episodes I can conclude that this is probably the best series you have done yet! I love it! and I also love all of your other series'! Thankyou for taking the time to make these! If the information is still correct I hope to show these to my kids someday! Thanks CrashCourse!

[@davidshi451]

Spread the word!

[@Altorin]

I vote "Cosmic Latte" as a new Crayola color

[@TobiBaronski]

"Your brain has more connections than there are stars in the galaxy." AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAUUUUUGGGGGGHHHHHHHHHHHHHH

[@dejureclaims8214]

With these new videos, Crash Course has rekindled some of the inspirational frisson that I first experienced watching major documentaries like Cosmos, The Ascent of Man, Civilisation, and Attenborough's Life series. I think John and the gang have really created something special here, that draws attention away from the mundane to resurrect our muddied relationship with the infinite.

[@godzilla964]

Since we are technically made of recycled elements, Reincarnation sounds like a more realistic explanation to what happens after we die.

[@TIMEtoRIDE900]

+godzilla964 Reincarnation still requires some kind of waiting period, a place to wait, and "Angels" to shuttle your spirit to and fro.

[@godzilla964]

+TIMEtoRIDE900 I don't think so.

[@TIMEtoRIDE900]

godzilla964 The day of the Tsunami 250,000 people died, and since the same ## weren't born, well, there's your waiting period. To not have "Spiritual Assistants" would mean that YOU are completely in control and responsible for the whole reincarnation process, that you would know exactly what to do and where to go. Your thoughts ??

[@godzilla964]

+TIMEtoRIDE900 I look at reincarnation the same way I look at anything written by H.P Lovecraft. A force beyond any human understanding.

[@TIMEtoRIDE900]

Fair enough.

[@karanvirsingh7829]

0:49 "World War III will be fought by Radiant and Dire" subtle, Crash Course. Real subtle.

[@VarunKini]

Karan Vir Singh Hahaha! It will solve so many problems with so little causalities.

[@nonamed56]

+Karan Vir Singh i don't get it. you mind explaining it to me please?

[@karanvirsingh7829]

Radiant and Dire. The two teams in DotA 2. (If you don't know what DotA 2 is, please Google.)

[@nonamed56]

don't worry google is my friend. btw you are fast :)

[@TabithaUjang]

I feel so small after watching this video.. *hi, I'm just debris, floating by*

[@ragnkja]

M87 is called that because it was the 87th fuzzy thing Messier wrote down that he'd checked out in the sky while searching for comets.

[@milomineon2787]

I don't know why I laughed so hard at that XD

[@PotatoBearRawr]

Should have a warning: May cause violent nergasm. My brain is still syncing from all the awesomeness... MAKE MORE! Please :)

[@davidshi451]

Spread the word, share these videos, and also check out Subbable!

[@crashcourse]

In which John Green, *****, and Emily Graslie teach you about what happened in the Universe after the big bang. They'll teach you about cosmic background radiation, how a bunch of hydrogen and helium turned into stars, formed galaxies, created heavy elements, and eventually created planets. For more information, visit www.bighistoryproject.com

[@NickHornetRuppert]

First. (GREAT VIDEO! dang. Better and better every time.)

[@NickHornetRuppert]

Well, Matter isn't created nor destroyed. Just changed or transformed. I can see how millions of years later life was made from the elements that came from stars to make us millions of more years later.

[@ThesilverbacknewsBlogspotwooo]

I love your videos, man.

[@snb14]

Correction note. The pop-up note at 5:42 incorrectly states the Laniakea supercluster is only 500 lightyears across instead of 500 million

[@CarolinaMartinez-uv4tq]

Thank you for sharing so concisely and succinctly this knowledge. Love all the videos.

[@FROPDESAI]

I bet that the 237 people who disliked this video are from North Dakota!

[@queensaharaice7376]

Ikr! (252)

[@RandomGuy1235]

This series is just to perfect. It combines the best of Hank and the best of John. Science, humanity, youtube, love and curiosity. I can't wait to see more of this historical science opera spanning the everything and beyond. Amazing work guys. This last half hour I was brought on a journey where I was awed and humbled, became proud to be alive and became proud of my species. Also, I don't know who Emily is but I like her. I don't know if it's the plan to alternate different people or just do all of this with you three, but I'm happy either way. Good luck guys! Can't wait for more.

[@CanadianRM4]

She hosts a channel called "brainscoop". Check it out, it's pretty cool. She's also a taxidermist and shows how she skins and dissect dead animals. If you're sensitive to that stuff, then you probably shouldn't watch it or just prepare yourself.

[@markruffruffalo9923]

She's the host of the Brain scoop on youtube check her out it's great

[@azavala5]

The Mongols are made of stars too!!!

[@SeraphimKnight]

THEY'RE THE EXCEP- wait no

[@TheKeksadler]

Mongol Exc- not this time.

[@asgerlakkenborg2435]

Jeremiah B Everyone knows Temujin's balls were actually tiny stars.

[@alannar.8701]

Jeremiah B I feel like there's a Fault in Our Stars reference to make there, but I can't find it.

[@AlpacasForAva]

No they are the exception, learn their place. They were made by aliens not stars.

[@theravendork5914]

I. Love. This. Series. DFTBA

[@davidshi451]

Share it with everyone you know!

[@grexwtf]

I like the cutting to different people to describe another part of the subject. Makes the pace of the program that much better. More of this format, please. You guys are doing great.

[@justjollyjacob]

I love the growing collaboration. Which seems wonderfully appropriate, given the subject.

[@LordMarcus]

If we become capable of colonizing the galaxy, I am unsure why we would remain on our own little island, as you put it, John.

[@theguy9208]

i imagine for the same reason the romans couldn't conquer the whole planet. its nearly impossible to govern a place that is years travel time away, and since nothing can go faster than light, we are very much restricted to living within our solar system and without risking the creation of a potential rival or enemy out of a colony light years away.

[@hilsanka6621]

Because of the massive distance between even neighbouring galaxies

[@LordMarcus]

You both seem to have missed the functional part of the statement, "become capable of colonizing the galaxy." It's already given in this postulate that we can do that -- so, why WOULDN'T we do that?

[@Meeko1010100112]

We wouldn't because it is dangerous out there. The wild Wild West was wild, and it was even connected to the less dangerous eastern seaboard. Now imagine living in the new one, only so far away that light takes minutes to get from place to place. Even years, at a scale most would dream of happening.

[@sabbywins]

He means we wouldn't leave our galaxy, not our planet. To be able to travel interstellar space within our own galaxy is one thing; but to be able to travel between separate galaxies is another problem entirely. At that point, distances become so big that there isn't any point thinking about them because we are unable to comprehend just how vast those spaces are. Besides, by the time we had thoroughly explored every inch of the milky way, it's entirely possible the universe will begin to die.

[@MaryJane-bo6lj]

*VIDEO ERROR* 4:05 milky way is 100,000 light years across 5:43 Laniakea is only 500 Light years across! Oh wait, I forgot that space and time was held in place by a Tardis...

[@koyx]

+Mary Jane Hahaha, I looked it up on and it's approxiamately 520 million light years ago, I guess they forgot the million.

[@queensaharaice7376]

A fellow whovian!🙌🙋

[@TheMitchy27]

Mary Jane milky way is 110 million LY and laniakea is 500 million LY

[@nattdaniel]

I asked my teacher to check out the first crash course big history and she played some of it in class, perfect timing for making these videos we're learning about the Big Bang and it's aftermath in Geography

[@rekahsoft]

This is a spectacular episode. Thanks for all your great work!

[@Jeanjellybean13]

maybe my husband and I will forego the ring and get an xbox as a symbol of our marriage :)

[@MCWon212]

***** smart!

[@Pyrochazm]

+Jeannie Weasly You are a keeper!

[@DimitriEyonovich]

get a switch!

[@jorenvanderark3567]

@potato psoas And neither does marriage...

[@SenorJC]

Yes another crash course video!

[@BobdylanXtreme]

Me Gusta

[@SpiritSonic]

It's great to see Emily on the show-- I hope she can do more in the future!

[@TheAAbck]

only john can take something so complicated and explain so even the most average of people understand it thanks john u are the greatest educator of all time.

[@john.ellmaker]

Love these guys, just an update from Harvard Smithsonian though, newer research shows that heavy element production is likely to have come from neutron star collisions. While heavy elements are produced in the r process it doesn't seem to account for the relative abundance of heavy elements, but add in occasional collisions which produce extreme amounts in comparison and you have a plausible explanation. Even more recent research in 2015 corroborates this idea as isotopes on earth have been confirmed to come from a neutron star merger (Nature Physics)

[@johnmackey7545]

This is 2 years old.

[@john.ellmaker]

+John The Mage you have a talent for stating the obvious

[@johnmackey7545]

Thank you.

[@pinkwings8036]

Science marches on, thanks for the update!

[@efe_aydal]

Yeah! That's what I'm talking about.

[@melissaabbey641]

I'm speechless. This series is mind-blowing and is helping me see everything in a new way, with new connections. THANK YOU

[@DonSmiths]

As this episode ended, I was overcome by a sense of pride by being a Subbable supporter of Crash Course. I'm a big fan of this Big History series. Fantastic job Crash Course team!

[@jordankloosterman2966]

I have to do my homework, but I want to keep learning

[@davidshi451]

Is it possible to do…both? Probably.

[@HPDM14]

All these deep scientific and philosophical questions! I really shouldn't have watched this before going to bed, now I am going to have nightmares about the sun exploding!

[@Zerepzerreitug]

I happen to know a piece of knowledge that may make your restless nights a bit more... restless: Imagine a hydrogen atomic bomb (the most powerful kind of bomb we've ever made) and holding it against your face. The explosion from that bomb at that distance would feel _weaker_ than the blast our sun would make if it exploded as a supernovae. Now for the good news: Our sun *won't* explode as a supernovae. It is too small to do that. Instead, it will heat, grow and swell beyond the orbit of Venus, shred its outer layers into space, and then collapse into a tiny whinny white dwarf star. Sleep tight!

[@dewarfV]

Love seeing two of my favourite channels working together

[@VitaminSoup]

Absolutely amazing ... and the way everything was presented was perfectly

[@ZiePe]

Oooh Emily is featured. Great!

[@er1nyes_]

School headmasters around the world, this is interdisciplinarity done right. Take some notes!

[@kraftthisile9113]

I love hearing you guys! Thanks for the video!

[@BudCharlesUnderVlogs]

This series is so awesome!

[@SJY11]

me at 11:09: yeah just some old ring me at 11:42: ill look at a ring the same way ever again

[@TheKonkaman]

woo emily is back, she is my favorite

[@lemonadelotion]

Crash course is great, they've actually helped me wrap my head around light years measurement

[@Thiefree]

This tag team teaching technique is terrific. Ignorance and indifference don't stand a chance.

[@edgeldine3499]

im from North Dakota... im just glad it was mentioned lol :D

[@edgeldine3499]

also if you hover over my name you get to see the wonderful land that is my home ;)

[@user-cn3ip6ok8p]

Stuff like this makes me sad for two reasons: 1. My existence is pointless. 2. There is a lot of cool stuff that'll happen and I will never be able to experience it.

[@alexanderpezzutto3875]

Ojaswini V that is, assuming all of this happened without a reason. However, if all this happened purposefully, then you too have purpose. Creation with a Creator has meaning.

[@nathanmckenzie904]

Ojaswini V Your life and existence is what you make it

[@dulguunmurunbarsbold210]

If you give it purpose, it isn't pointless.

[@ahmeduchiha]

your existence is pointless if the existence of the universe is pointless but if you're existed from the universe and its stars then how the universe came from? and this is the job of "God"

[@isaiahsmith3199]

I would say the exact opposite, being you are a wayyyyy more complicated and interested set of particles and molecules working together than any sun, solar system, and a majority of living things on this planet. The fact that you can even comprehend "purpose" seems pretty spectacular when you consider everything else out there.

[@01jbeals]

Love these videos. Especially the ones about how our bodies work... I use this to help patients understand a wide array of how things & behaviors can effect your entire system. I am glad you guys are here to Educate people, & spread useful knowledge & information, ESPECIALLY in this particular day & age 😱

[@titchglover2601]

Well done! Great video i had to learn this by viewing many of videos individually and piece it all together. And here it is now all pieced together nicely. Thanks.

[@VideoGamerDerek]

the universe is awesome :D

[@damascus21]

11:57 Yay, it's Emily! I love Emily (Hank, John, you guys are great, too, but I love Emily)

i really like the way you express these ideas, hope it gets more people into seeing your videos and getting into some kind of intellectual debate about it. keep up the great work!

[@UninspiredFilm5]

Emily!! I'm glad to see her getting involved in the Crash Course videos! :D

[@gregjang5402]

anyone actually pause and look at the introduction? the 'post human' part is the funniest... ROB...

[@KamikazethecatII]

I thought I was the only one.

[@mattiestyles2020]

If we come from dead stars, and if we still see the light from stars that have already died millions of years ago, is it possible that when we look up in the sky we are seeing the light from stars that made the atoms we consist of? Or, if they have been dead for so long, and we are still seeing their light, are these stars too far away to possibly have formed the elements that are on earth today?

[@raph96.37]

Light travels faster than matter so...no

[@samguy7654]

Mattie Styles That's so poetic Mattie.

[@maxsteele3686]

The stars that we can see in Earths sky are approximately within 100 light years, the number of stars we can see is something like 0.1% of our galaxy.

[@MilkCullen]

I love John from the past's reaction when present John told him how there are other universes with law of physics completely different from ours because that was exactly my reaction when hearing it.

[@porgy29]

While I love all of the Crash Course's you have done so far this series is by far my most favorite. Partly for the great subject matter and the bringing together of so many different themes, but also due to the fact that I get to see both of the brothers Green and Emily.

[@tri-slosher]

Hey, if Emily is talking in this series, shouldn't she also be in the intro?

[@davidshi451]

That's actually a good point… I think it's because she's not in all of the episodes?

[@tri-slosher]

***** If that happens, I wonder what she'll be doing in the intro...

[@thebrainscoop]

Sunwoo Kim Sciencing, naturally.

[@tri-slosher]

***** Of course. Silly me.

[@MadScientist3000]

too busy making sandwiches im guessing

[@therodentman]

the coldest star we've found is about a hot as a fresh cup of coffee

[@davidshi451]

That's sooooo cool! Literally and figuratively.

[@SeraphimKnight]

Pretty sure that's a brown dwarf and not a star. By definition, a star needs to be hot enough to fuse hydrogen.

[@dulipub]

Those are dead stars cause by definition stars would need to have fusion going on.

[@Cornelixx]

why is there an account for a dick

[@rayhs1984]

watch the Scishow space video about the smallest star.

[@sockmaster2718]

Big History is my favorite Crash Course so far. This is awesome.

[@Death-ingrasp]

Yay Emily Graslie! Thanks for having her appear on the show! I hope to see her more often too, I already subscribe to the brain scoop.

[@dr.kraemer]

My five year old daughter frequently tells me that Emily Graslie is her favorite scientist. Very glad to see her as part of this show!

[@BraighGaming]

If bending space is possible, we should create a wormhole that is very (very, very, very, very) far away, then put a super-crazy-high-powered telescope through it and watch the Big Bang. We could even use this technique (if it is possible) to catch a glimpse of earth during whatever time period we want. This would give us a solid understanding of the universe, with less guesstimates. Just a thought.

[@EvansRowan123]

Bending space is dome by gravity, so we'd have to physically move stuff to where the other end of the wormhole is going to be, which takes more time than the time for light to cover that distance, so it'd be better to just use a telescope now without a wormhole at all. Plus I'm pretty sure specifically making a wormhole is way harder than just bending space around.

[@BraighGaming]

Rowan Evans I know that creating a wormhole is a lot more complex than simply bending space, but I wanted to put it in the simplest of terms so that anyone reading could easily understand.

[@EvansRowan123]

Nathaniel King The "edge" of the universe doesn't work that way, if we could set up wormholes outside our light cone, the sensible places to put them would be like, between 1 and 1,000 lightyears away. No screwing around with the edge of the universe necessary.

[@amandafinlaw]

All of this makes me feel hopeful, anxious, curious, skeptical, sad, and optimistic at the same time! I have so many hopes for humanity and I crave more knowledge about life and the universe that I doubt I'll ever receive. I really appreciate this series though because it's making me a more knowledgeable and curious combination of star stuff ;)

[@mczenk5095]

I love this series, great work.

[@oshorrwarri5569]

What if there's a grapefruit so large, that it's larger then the universe? *Twilight Zone Music*

[@ChuDust]

0:33 "And I don't mean stars like Kim Kardashian, who is actually not a star - she is a person!" HAHHAHA 😂

[@travistdwp]

This series is awesome. Keep it up, guys!

[@rushyahr7767]

I love these videos you guys make. It's nice to watch these when I start feeling down, because it really gives me something better to think about. I try not to watch too many of them though, because then I start to ask too many questions. I've been wondering for the last month if my dog is capable of remembering her dreams, for example. Then I'm trying to figure out how that part of the brain might work, and boy is that a time consuming endeavor. I think I just ask questions till I find that page of the book that no one has written yet. Then I want to write that page, and soon after I realize I don't know nearly enough to write that page.

[@Altorin]

*looks at right hand* huh.. *looks at left hand* woah......

[@Zerepzerreitug]

I know!

[@CBMX_GAMING]

As soon as I heard "Big Bang" I also heard the roars of many stubborn Christians

[@emperorpalpatine9841]

Hilarious, please tell us more.

[@norahwilliams138]

I'll just be over here with Georges Lemaître, the Catholic priest who proposed the theory of the Big Bang. Don't mind me. Oh no, I dropped a link to his wikipedia article, clumsy me. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Lema%C3%AEtre

[@thepineconeking6916]

Deadweight if you look closely then it says a thousand years to us is a day to God which can be put that God took 7 days for him but our time it would take 7,000 years. Maybe just maybe.

[@Koop784]

***** That would explain why prayers are never answered. It also basically amounts to God not giving the vaguest of fucks about any singular human.

[@ibn_klingschor]

Deadweight Some creationists are muslim.

[@BrendaK4931]

love, love, love this topic...thanks so much guys

[@Gigas0101]

Thank you very much for the Carl Sagan quote! Great episode!

[@akhil151100]

2:07 I am offensive and I find that North Dakota

[@burpilicious9687]

So I was technically born by a star's womb. AWESOME

[@queensaharaice7376]

Lol ikr! SCIENCE!!

[@drevilatwork]

Crashcourse getting better and better. Thank you very much

[@robinchesterfield42]

1. I love that Carl Sagan is in the intro! :) 2. I want John-From-The-Past's shirt in this episode. That is an awesome shirt. 3. Knitting grandma star. :) 4. This is all so weird but SO COOL. We are the universe trying to understand itself. And that is AWESOME.

[@csolisr]

If the universe is built upon thermal disequilibrium, then it follows that the laws of physics must rearrange it back into equilibrium through entropy, right?

[@Rodman200818]

You touch upon a very interesting topic. You are indeed correct, the state of the universe, given enough time, will be of total thermal equilibrium. The key is "given enough time" though, we are talking inconceivable timescales, perhaps beyond other potential ends to the universe itself. No worries bro!

[@Zazz30]

Yep. It's called "Heat death" if you want to look into it.

[@csolisr]

Zazz30 Knew it already. I've been planning to write a book on the relationship between that and neuroscience to prove that morality has no rational basis, but it'll take me time to have a solid base for it.

[@Zazz30]

Carlos Andrés Solís Oh, I think I must have misunderstood the question then. What connection are you making between heat death and morality? It's not immediately apparent to me.

[@Rodman200818]

Zazz30 the relationship between the second law of thermodynamics and neuroscience can (or he will try to) prove morality has no rational basis, is what I gather from this. That is definitely out of my scope of knowledge but I'm not sure its a strong hypothesis to begin with. Flimsy connection. I'm all ears tho.

[@SomethingCleverAndOriginal]

WE ARE ALL STAR STUFF :D

[@NanaV73]

I like that you all of you are in the Big History videos. It takes a lot of experts to explain such a complicated concept! John, Hank, AND Emily in the same video? What more could we ask for? (except to maybe add Michael :))

[@Divercitylife]

of all the CC series, this is by far my favorite!!

[@jack_the_sparrow]

"... THAT'S NUTS, (well it's more like cheese), BUT THAT'S NUTS!" God I love their brand of humor haha

[@puffdaddy69]

Whose to say that the universe itself is a microscopic atom existing in a another world where "universes" are just atoms part of another piece of matter

[@damonedrington3453]

BiG CRAWFS And that piece of matter is a fidget spinner that God owns

[@gabrielcalderon4151]

I like this new series Big History Thanks Crash Course

[@mikalliebswager]

I'm born and raised in ND and that comment on my state made me laugh, it's so true. Love this channel!

[@zachcrawford5]

The annotation at 5:46 in claims that the Laniakea Supercluster is 500 light years across I think they meant to say 500,000,000 light years across (source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laniakea_Supercluster and apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap140910.html)

[@JNava]

I know it may sound stupid & unreasonable but I've always wondered if our universe was a small speck of dust, like in "Horton Hears a Who". I've always thought that book was about the scientific curiosity overpowering the absent minds of religion & it's followers, Calling out blasphemy or heresy on questioning what's out there. It's crazy how a child's book can reflect on what grown ups wondered throughout history about the universe. I know it's just a silly book, but that image has sizzled & burned in my mind for years. I just want to know, what are the possibilities of mankind & it's universe, being simply a small speck of dust?

[@HoneyvsClementine]

Well, I guess now I know I am not the only one with that theory...

[@chevchelios1990]

At school, the same content would probably have put me to sleep. Thanks for making it awesome! And again, excellent graphics and presentation!

[@Avi-rocha]

Awesome! The best video I've seen from you guys! Great work!