Making Perovskites from the Hardware Store

[@ExtractionsAndIre]

The music from this video was made by the artist 'Arvid', check out their artist page here: Spotify: open.spotify.com/artist/6yPGvGC0PJZPdyaxi7xwoT Apple Music: music.apple.com/us/artist/arvid/1493677330 Thanks Arvid! Anyone can email me please if you make similar music and think it would go well in videos like this!!

[@theycallmenyquil8064]

A thought for future. Can you show people and demonstrate the effects of muriatic acid otherwise known as hydrochloric acid on concrete.

[@osethreaper8937]

Tl,dr: Popped how to synthesize oleyamine into Gemini and these were the responses I got. Hope it helps for the future! Oleylamine is a commercially available chemical, so it is not typically synthesized in a laboratory setting. However, it can be synthesized through a multi-step process involving the following steps: * Chlorination of Oleic Acid: Oleic acid is reacted with thionyl chloride to form oleoyl chloride. This reaction is typically carried out in a solvent like dichloromethane. * Ammonolysis of Oleoyl Chloride: The oleoyl chloride is then reacted with ammonia to form oleylamide. This reaction is usually carried out in a solvent like dichloromethane or diethyl ether. * Reduction of Oleylamide: The oleylamide is reduced to oleylamine using a reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) or sodium borohydride (NaBH4). This reaction is typically carried out in a solvent like diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran (THF). It is important to note that this is a complex process that requires specialized equipment and expertise. It is generally not recommended to attempt this synthesis in a home laboratory. If you need oleylamine for your research, it is recommended to purchase it from a commercial supplier. To find a reliable commercial supplier of oleylamine, you can explore the following options: * Chemical Suppliers: * Sigma-Aldrich: A well-known supplier of chemicals and laboratory equipment. * TCI America: Offers a wide range of chemicals, including oleylamine. * Alfa Aesar: Another reputable supplier of chemicals and materials. * VWR: Provides a variety of chemicals and laboratory supplies. * Online Marketplaces: * Chem-Supply: An online marketplace for chemicals and laboratory equipment. * Fisher Scientific: Offers a wide range of products, including chemicals. * Specialized Chemical Suppliers: * Oleylamine manufacturers and distributors: These companies may offer bulk quantities or specialized grades of oleylamine. You can find them by searching online or contacting industry associations. Additional Tips: * Check Product Purity: Ensure the supplier provides information about the purity and grade of the oleylamine. * Consider Quantity: Determine the amount of oleylamine you need to purchase. Some suppliers may have minimum order quantities. * Shipping and Handling: Inquire about the shipping costs and any special handling requirements for oleylamine. * Safety Data Sheet (SDS): Request the SDS for oleylamine to understand its safety precautions and handling procedures. By considering these factors and exploring the options listed above, you can find a reliable supplier of oleylamine for your research or industrial needs.

[@Alfred-Neuman]

I ❤lead too! 🤤

[@_general_error]

Using N-Oleyl-1,3-propanediamine instead of oleyanime? Or even Oleamide, which IS available on Amazon. Can you reduce Oleamide with LiAlH4?

[@holderheck]

Copperized Soft Lead, UNS L51125 Density 11.34 g/cc Copper, Cu 0.060 % Lead, Pb >= 99.9 %

[@Valdagast]

Bird: "How can I make sure my kids grow up with the maximum exposure to strange chemicals?"

[@botvis]

Bet it does wonders getting rid of nest parasites like mites, ticks and such. Similar to how some birds started purposefully gathering discarded cigarette butts to line their nests with, nicotine (and one imagines, all the other residues and tar) being an effective insecticide.

[@anarchosnowflakist786]

extractions&fire's going to bite the bird and then he'll (the bird) end up becoming a superhero called humanbird

[@Gocunt]

@@botvis why does mummys house always smell like cigarettes??

[@Vaeldarg]

At this point he should name it "Canary".

[@apeaape]

@@botvis The ravens around me take my Lemongrass and Lavender, which I always wondered if that was because they were repellents.

[@RJL7]

Everybody loves lead.

[@relwaretep]

Huffing lead fumes and microplastics in my balls made me the man I am today!!

[@SlipperyCritter-e4x]

Lead my beloved

[@WVWYONATANWVW]

lead love us too

[@hanifarroisimukhlis5989]

I♥🅿🅱

[@TechnIx12]

More than Raymond that's for sure

[@theemissary1313]

Tom - "I should label test tubes so I don't just have a load of random white powder" Hardware store - "We need to correct this label by hand in case anyone thinks they're buying half a kilometre of lead."

[@insouciantFox]

Long line of lead there

[@Flesh_Wizard]

​@@insouciantFox*SNIIIIFFFFFFF*

[@theplayer4664]

Guage

[@carstekoch]

I mean... you can buy copper, steel and aluminium by the metre, why not lead XD

[@annabellethepitty]

Lead flashing company: "Nobody is stupid enough to actually think this is supposed to be meters." Customer: "This says 480m. It is not even close to that much in the package. I want a refund"

[@Cold930]

Average E&I to do list: 1. Filter the DMSO. 2. Dont die. 3. Check if there are actually eggs in the bird nest.

[@vsmoraes0]

Geologist seeing title: ooh! He's making perovskites. I wonder how he will pull that off since its a mantle mineral The video, half a minute in: we don't care about geology oh... okay

[@GeologicalNerd]

Right?! 😢

[@sunsooora]

me, a geophysicist: hell yeah

[@SadCoffeeee]

The bird subplot is what really elevates these videos beyond ordinary chemistry productions. Cool synthesis too

[@temp_name_change_later]

that ending shot with the dramatic music over the newborn birds is utterly transcendent

[@welporajackwelp4899]

The chemistry of life

[@Atomguy112]

Love this sub plot.

[@tommytheshimigami]

34:30 any eggs in there?

[@muthafukka7733]

Come for the chemistry , stay for the birds

[@rowanjones3476]

“It ain’t about the production quality, I just genuinely want to do this” - I want that on a T-shirt. Wavy gradient word art impact, naturally.

[@recurvestickerdragon]

graphic design is my passion

[@404CameraNotFound]

tie dye shirt with comic sans

[@blazewarking]

@@404CameraNotFoundnow we’re cooking with leaded fuel

[@amberisvibin]

its gods greatest trick that lead is literally good at everything but is also toxic as hell

[@defenestrated23]

Also asbestos. Magical miracle fireproof fabric but pokes your DNA to death.

[@aaronclair4489]

God pulls this trick all the time Fluoropolymers and fluorocarbons? The most forever of forever chemicals but they're so good at what they do Beryllium? Exceptional properties but it just fucks you up HF? Great acid but the fluoride ions fuck you up from the inside out Fuckin... Tetraethyl Lead? It makes engines not explode and then it makes people stupid?? Real trickster that God guy is

[@rostfleck79]

Isn't that the same guy that made our source of light and energy give us cancer?

[@Add_Infinitum]

It's good at everything, including being toxic

[@AnonNopleb]

It's the ultimate test for humanity. We might think it is weak, but humans are even weaker.

[@CriticoolHit]

My favorite part about lead is how quickly it leaves your body, how it doesn't store itself in your bone marrow and how it has no long term effects that get worse as time goes on. It's just so cool that there is absolutely no safe exposure level.

[@t.d.3803]

Necessary /s for the non-chemists, but the last sentence is true. That is a confusing comment, wish there were notes here.

[@Shaker626]

Compared to cadmium, mercury, or solutions of chrome (hexa), lead is pretty merciful. And we're not even talking about the real heavy stuff like arsenic and thallium yet.

[@Palmtop_User]

It frustrates me to no end as a dude who likes to solder

[@MisterPerson-fk1tx]

​@@Palmtop_UserI make industrial batteries and have my blood checked regularly for its lead content. Eating lots of calcium helps the way iodized salt helps with radiation.

[@danielflanard8274]

​@@MisterPerson-fk1tx Does the heightened calcium intake increase the chance of developing a kidney stone?

[@Chemguy91]

29:34 as someone who works with DMSO regularly you probably have about 2-4 seconds before it penetrates the nitrile gloves, depending on how thick they are. Usually double glove so I can rip the top layer off immediately and easily put another one on. Also, can make you taste garlic if you get some on your skin.

[@AndrewZonenberg]

Neoprene gloves are pretty resistant to DMSO according to Ansell's compatibility database (390-ish minute breakthrough time). I actually use neoprene pretty regularly since it's more resistant to a lot of the acids I use than nitrile.

[@AlexofZippo]

… i always heard it done with peppermint oil, but yeah any flavor will pass through

[@Sibyltec]

I use it to transdermally absorb experimental drugs

[@Squirl7504]

thanks, horrific

[@jakehardy7548]

Yo you made perovskite! My PhD was on metal halide perovskites! You could try use oleic acid instead of oleylamine if you cannot make/find some oleylamine. It also doesn’t have to be oleylamine. Any long-ish chain primary amine should suffice.

[@Henry-oe3fj]

And if you are hellbent on the hardware store track, primary and secondary amines are pretty common additives to motor oil and metalworking fluids

[@Alfred-Neuman]

Nice! Personally I would have used soap but oleic acid is probably good too... Soap is kind of a chemical, right? I don't know much about chemistry. 😟

[@Ru-mk8lp]

Nice! What is the exact effect provided by the long chain primary amines in that context (in the ball mill)? Does it somehow encapsule the smaller particles and prevents them from forming bigger aggregates again?

[@welporajackwelp4899]

How does it taste?

[@TheZombieSaints]

Well done. See this is what KZbin is for, watching cool chemistry and learning new stuff. Hi from the sunny coast (it raining) qld 👍👍

[@At0mix]

There's a point at the nanoscale where solids start to act a bit like liquids, particles will start to fuse and coagulate when they touch each other. That's why they use surfactants in nanomaterial science, keeps the particles separated so the ball mill can grind them even smaller without coagulation dominating. They use oleylamine because it's cheap and amines nicely and reversibly adsorb to most nanoparticle surfaces. I've seen carbonate or thiol-based surfactants too in specific cases. Honestly you could try replacing it with dish soap, might fail but it would be hilariously on-brand.

[@alzeheimersgaming]

This guy gets the spirit, Dawn as a nanoscale synthesis surfactant is what E&F is all about. Please tom, the people need to know

[@etuanno]

I honestly wouldn't be surprised if it worked. He might need to get rid of colorants and fragrances though. The surfactant used in Dawn dish soap and others is sodium laureth sulfate (C14-C20). I mean we first produced monolayer graphene using sticky tape.

[@deidaraa1]

I don't know what's more heartwarming, watching the baby bird timeskip or his genuine childlike wonder that something worked out of the gate for once

[@ficolas2]

"i need to remove that nest before the bird lays eggs" 2mins later Lil birds

[@Pluranium_Alloy]

According to "Metals Handbook Desk Edition (2nd Edition)" (or rather google's summary of it) Copperized Lead Flashing is at least 99.9% Pb and 0.05% Cu.

[@tsawy6]

For anyone else curious, supposedly this limits the release of lead into the environment (read: your house)

[@LeikiBogbat]

@@tsawy6maybe we could use that to make the solar panels not leak lead into the environment 🤔

[@Ihasanart]

A further reinforcing of the "copper + lead = bad explosives" bit, there have been a rather alarmingly large number of ammo depot/factory explosions because of a small amount of copper contamination in the process to produce and use lead azide and lead styphnate in primer manufacturing, several of those cases were as simple as the cargo carrier bringing the load of lead styphnate into the plant for use jostling the cargo within normal designed for limits, the copper contamination made it sensitive enough that all that was left was a 10m deep crater and some foundations.

[@Shaker626]

I thought most western manufacturers of primer are changing over to chlorate-based formulations.

[@Ihasanart]

@@Shaker626 They are trying to but most big ammo component manufacturers are extremely reluctant to invest in building new facilities and plants, so almost all of them are running off of 50+ year plants and are purely operating for max profit so they stick with the old cheap stuff. The US and European military requirements for 'green' and 'non-toxic' ammo is the main driving force in redeveloping these assets into modern non-lead based primer production, all of the federal 'F.C NT' headstamped brass is probably the main example leading the market.

[@Squirl7504]

oh a crater? great, thanks. truly horrific

[@ABaumstumpf]

@@Squirl7504 "truly horrific" Better than many other things that can happen. Rather this than just a person brake-checking and the truck crushing somebody slowly.

[@Nono-hk3is]

Must be that manufacturers are just waiting until each of their factories is reduced to a crater before rebuilding as a new one

[@azuki-c-s]

When you showed the paper on what procedure you'd be following, I didn't expect to see my professor there LOL. What a small world we live in.

[@Sirius37641]

Which one is he?

[@zekanner]

Yeah, I was reading a paper for a linguistics course the other day and found out I was part of the sample data. Small world indeed.

[@Eldriitch]

@@zekanner I was reading a math book and found out the author crediting his student for helping with the book, and the student is one of my current lecturers.

[@tesseract2144]

He can copyright claim him

[@brianwelch1579]

@@Eldriitch Welcome to academics. Naturally the teacher requires you to buy their own book and of course there is a new edition every year.

[@alvore6246]

Finally I’ve lived to see the day where my work is made into a E&F video.

[@ExtractionsAndIre]

Hell yeah! Any extra tips so I can get this working really well??

[@IdiotWithEducation]

@@ExtractionsAndIreTrade secrets 😂

[@kahlzun]

​@@ExtractionsAndIrewas there any flourescense of the final yellow material?

[@floorpizza8074]

@@kahlzun You must stay tuned for part two! Tom does not give away cliff hanger material. Right, Tom? Right???

[@svlch9771]

@@ExtractionsAndIre To grow large CsPbBr3 crystals, try using anti-solvent vapor crystallization. Take a beaker/vial of the concentrated CsBr/PbBr2 DMSO solution, cover with parafilm, and poke a bunch of small holes in the film. Place this beaker/vial into a larger vessel that contains an excess of liquid methanol. Cover the larger vessel tightly with parafilm. Methanol will vaporize and the vapor will dissolve into the DMSO over time (the holey parafilm helps control the vapor transport rate). At 25C, you should see crystallization in 1-3 days.

[@tristandaries1129]

Positives: at least 30% efficiency solar power Cons: leaks lead into houses, breaks down if exposed to sun for too long

[@RC-fp1tl]

Basically dies if used in its intended application. Yikes

[@morgan0]

does it actually absorb uv? if not you could at least put a uv reflective coating on it to protect it

[@jakeharris9075]

Hey quit talking about me

[@Biggles732]

Simple glass blocks UV. Maybe attenuates is more precise.

[@Seafish84]

Jokes on you my house is already covered in lead paint. Adding more just builds on the character.

[@testboga5991]

I love lead. Use it for everything, sugar replacement, pipe material, whatever. It's really a great metal!

[@etuanno]

Also lead loves you so much, it won't ever leave your body. How romantic.

[@leonardo.1024]

Good to see some alchemy working. The quest to make yellow continues.

[@genomeyganomey6647]

As an Electrical Engineer + Computer Engineer, i can also assure you that all my homies love lead. They make components last longer and the solder looks so shiny.

[@mattymerr701]

Lead-free solder just doesn't look or taste the same. Everyone hates RoHS, even if we don't think we do

[@Girvo747]

The fumes smell so nice too!

[@beefchicken]

@@Girvo747the vapour pressure of molten lead at soldering temperatures is incredibly low. So low that at one atmosphere, no lead evaporates at those temperatures. What you’re thinking of are flux fumes, which contain no lead.

[@Micah2591]

​@beefchicken unless you're soldering over 400°C with lead, then the lead oxide fumes are generally fine at low temps. Then all you have to worry about is the rosin/acid based fluxes, gotta love inhaling that acid vapour. Anything for a good joint tbh

[@MikrySoft]

@@Micah2591 In my experience, all of the RoHS fluxes for lead-free soldering are worse than rosin and other fluxes designed for leaded solder.

[@psychosomaticdragon]

3:15 you ain't fooling me twice, that paper clearly used carrot not CsPbBr3

[@ExtractionsAndIre]

honestly, if they did use carrot for the photos, it does explain a lot

[@woosix7735]

awesome reference

[@adfaklsdjf]

lightly pre-owned* carrot

[@somethingforsenro]

carrot: marginally more effective than a blood sacrifice

[@kylebowles9820]

All chemists are meme lords

[@ottomay6834]

The bird is a grey shrike thrush. It’s a very lovely sounding bird!

[@forestvoidmars]

I was wondering what it is was! I love birds but I'm not all all familiar with Australian birds.

[@TazPessle]

When you say shrike thrush, I'm assuming it's a thrush that looks like a shrike? Especially as it seems to eat insects. We have shrikes and thrushes but no shrike thrushes (uk). Or is it neither a shrike nor a thrush?

[@Dookybootie]

I was going to like, but it was at 69. Thank you for Identifying that. Only Aussie birds I know are Kookaburra, and Magpies.

[@Dookybootie]

@@TazPessle Science can’t tell you what a Duck, Goose, or Swan is. I say tasty water bird.

[@tokiWren]

@@TazPessle neither a shrike nor a thrush! shrikethrushes are their own unique genus :3

[@eamonia]

If anyone cared about the production quality of your videos, you wouldn't have a channel. We like _you,_ dude. And chemistry of course but you're the reason we keep watching. You're great, man. ❤️😜

[@LiamStorer]

Strait up: This Lead was produced in a facility that also contains Copper

[@bejarni7173]

Finally, you make a video about something I did! I did my masters thesis on CsPbI3 nanocrystals, though I used the hot injection method for the synthesis. Oleylamine + oleic acid are generally used as surface passivation reagents. The carboxylate and ammonium groups can fill in defects on the nanocrystal surface, increasing quantum yields and providing a hydrophobic shell around the central crystal. This protective shell shields the core from water and oxygen, improving stability and allowing the crystals to be dispersed in apolar solvents such as hexane. I don't know about oleylamine, but oleic acid is a fatty acid so should be readilyavailable. Through a few steps of organic synthesis you can convert oleic acid into its amine (oleylamine). I'm not sure if using only oleylamine would work, we always used it together with oleic acid. In discussions on passivation we always considered the ammonium group, meaning it needs to be protonated. Hope this is any help.

[@altejoh]

Honestly oleic acid/amine is just convenient cause it is approx size 18 carbons in length, which has nice non polar properties. Anything about this size should probably work-ish, i would imagine?

[@TheBooker66]

I actually researched this (you can view my other comment for more info). The best result is recieved with both oleylamine and oleic acid, oleylamine alone comes just short (in terms of luminosity). Oleic acid alone is not very good, sadly.

[@sdfkjgh]

Quick! The Hot Injection Method is: A) A great name for a Jazz Fusion Combo band B) The title of an AI-written science-based porno Starring Kyle Hill & A.R.I.A. C) The name of a sex move one would try on their college significant other that sounds exotic, but turns out to be pretty disappointingly pedestrian D) A spicy Albanian cola E) All of the above

[@floorpizza8074]

@@sdfkjgh Does anyone know where I can buy the answer key to this?

[@sdfkjgh]

@@floorpizza8074: www.youtube.com/@CinemaSins

[@ConcretorumAzoth]

Chemists paralysis monster is scunge in the corner.

[@ExtractionsAndIre]

'The Scunge' is a frightening name

[@splat20]

@@ExtractionsAndIre UK 1980s Children's Show: "The Trap Door" thought the same. kzbin.info/www/bejne/q6ungaxoa7Gsi9E

[@BismuthKaiju]

Love that you made a liquid lead solution that will seep through your glove and your hand, terrifying substance. The fluorescent crystals were a cool byproduct lol

[@jimmyrustler8983]

Liquid Lead Solution would be a great band name

[@jeffreyyoung4104]

Reminds me of gasoline when it had tetryl ethyl lead in it, and mechanics washed their hands and clothes in it, because it cut grease so well! Now we have lead free gas, and it is still unwise to wash in it!

[@BismuthKaiju]

@@jeffreyyoung4104 Set us back like 6billion IQ points across the globe and increased all crime rates.. A likely huge factor in our current geopolitical position. Lead is so amazing as an element, so useful but damn if it doesn't destroy us.

[@canadiangemstones7636]

@@BismuthKaiju It surely explains maga.

[@lloydgush]

Lol!

[@mamaymay8259]

Soluble lead and DMSO sounds like the combination of my nightmares - luckily for me, I can just watch you handle it. Also, thumbs up for more bird content! You should train that little bird army into your lab assistants, you'll be unstoppable.

[@highdesertdrew]

I think "copperized" is probably a "term of art" in my experience all roofing type lead is "chemically pure" which is like 99.xxx % lead by weight. I used to buy large amounts of scrap lead from a place that made roofing finials for making bullets, I always had to alloy it with tin and antimony to make it hard enough to use.

[@Brent-jj6qi]

It’s apparently .5% copper, too much lead and copper leads to bad things, very bad things

[@genericalfishtycoon3853]

Labcoatz Called you a "sane chemist" earlier today. Can you believe the nerve of that guy?

[@ExtractionsAndIre]

i'll get him

[@genericalfishtycoon3853]

@ExtractionsAndIre Attaboy, give em hell! 😁👍🏻

[@defenestrated23]

He used to be a mad scientist, but after years of anger management now he's merely an irritable one (mostly due to yellow chemistry)

[@chattava]

Yeah but somehow orange is OK?!? Jeez!

[@bgdwiepp]

There was a channel on KZbin called the backyard scientist, but i think tom is more of a crackyard scientist

[@adrunkenloner]

Perfect, this is the bird content i paid for! 10/10

[@OGSumo]

Profile picture checks out!

[@jaednorberg]

31:30 I think this might have been the first time I've ever seen solids react together in such a vibrant way. Stuff like this really makes me want to get back into hobbyist chemistry.

[@explodingmonkey44]

I'm so genuinely thankful you called out the DMSO and lead dangers

[@user-wm4rj5jw6s]

The sheer usefulness of lead, mercury and cadmium is so ridiculous that it almost raises theological questions.

[@plmko2824]

now that I think about it, it might simply be, the more ways an element can react with things, the more uses we have for it, but if it reacts with many things, it is more likely to react with our own bodies as well. kind of inevitable it seems

[@teresashinkansen9402]

Imagine if iron was toxic

[@mfree80286]

When you capped the DMSO, you basically refluxed it. I think the idea in the paper might have been to evaporate the DMSO off until the crystals started to crash out, which is what happened when you added the ethanol because it probably selectively dissolved in the DMSO and temporarily reduced the amount of available solvent, until it boiled off and the perovskite dissolved again.

[@mbessey]

Maybe, but DMSO's boiling point is about 190C, so it'd evaporate really slowly, even at 110.

[@mfree80286]

@@mbessey That would grow some really large crystals then.

[@nostalgiaarcadefuture]

I was thinking the exact same thing

[@brodylambert5812]

Hey another note to add, capping the DMSO also allows for the least amount of water to get into the dmso since it’s genuinely that powerful of a solvent, you have to keep it stored and dried, but it’s super powerful for any nasty products that won’t move.

[@andrecook4268]

@@mbessey The slow evaporation is what you want.

[@zachcarney3910]

That was really neat seeing 2 white powders react like that before adding the dmso.

[@jamesmnguyen]

Solid-solid reactions feel like magic.

[@nelson1tom]

Yeah, never seen that before.

[@solahifuefos9301]

the dsmo rant reminded me of how some health food places are selling unwashed poppy seeds because raw food etc is "better" somehow but in reality, unwashed means theyre all coated in a thin film of opium

[@ToTheGAMES]

Doesnt that sound like a good time? :P

[@Audiobungalow]

No downside detected

[@noodlelynoodle.]

I mean they already contain a small amount so a tiny bit more on the outside really doesn't matter

[@teagancombest6049]

Yes and some of us know how to take advantage of that ;)

[@cvspvr]

where can i get these unwashed poppy seeds?... you know, so i can avoid doing something so heinous

[@stockstreamtwitch]

Yes! My monthly dose of science from my personal internet professor. 🤣 - Appreciate all that you do dude! ♥

[@Rusty-METAL-J]

The weights for balancing tires are Lead(Pb, 82) attached to steel clips that are affixed to the outer rim of the rim, where it meets the rubber of the tire directly.

[@rileymerson8781]

Always a good day when Tom uploads. I have a question for you Tom! Do these mechanochemistry and optical chemistry videos pertain to your PHD or are these purely for yours and our entertainment? You’ve sparked a new interest in this type of physics and chemistry with these recent videos which is why I’m asking! I very much love your content as of late. Keep doing what you love and I’ll keep being here to support🗣️🔥

[@ExtractionsAndIre]

My PhD was on fluorescence! But not making fluorescent materials- just studying it in natural materials. Didn't get to do very much material synthesis at Uni, more setting up laser equipment. Glad you like the content of late!!

[@lbgstzockt8493]

6:37 They finally found the molecule responsible for stairs, what a monumental achievement.

[@gayforbrae5693]

as a professional roof owner the easiest way to check if you have successfully redpilled the sheeting and woken it up from the copper matrix is just to have a little nibble and see what it tastes like really

[@christopherleubner6633]

This crystal family is used in a lot of tech. Its a dielectric for ceramic capacitors and the barrier insulator for mosfets and ICs with copper vias. Its used in piezoelectric crystals for lighters and speakers. In optics variants can be used for polarizing and nonlinear optical crystals. Good stuff. ❤

[@xilos77]

Not going to lie, never watched you before. Just showed up on my front page, but was completely expecting a how to basic video but chemistry. Completely surprised that the opening was completely genuine and informational.

[@greadthy]

Even the one negative aspect of lead is just because your cells and neurons also love lead! They just happen to love it way more than calcium, much to our chagrin

[@RamoArt]

Hashtag love is love. If they prefer lead over calcium, that's their choice.

[@mrdarklight]

The ratio between crappiness of equipment and quality of results has to be the highest on KZbin.

[@lukedean1769]

Cody'sLab gives him a run for his money, at least in the chemistry space. But both of them seriously get it done.

[@Lyrainthevalley]

One of the experiments I was running as a grad student involved making a concentrated solution of capsaicin in DMSO. I was verrry careful with that shit (DMSO has a penetration time for nitrile gloves of IIRC, 10 minutes, so I'd double glove and work to a timer like a Chernobyl liquidator). I did not want to know what concentrated capsaicin carried via my bloodstream to every mucus membrane in my body would feel like.

[@hammerth1421]

Ouchie :( I was clumsy enough once to rub a small residual droplet of 300,000 Scoville hot sauce into my eye. 0/10, do not recommend!

[@embyrr922]

We don't come here for immaculate production value, we come here for shouty Aussie shed science.

[@KageShi]

Lead is self concentrating if you have a smelter.. Most all metals float on it so with a little magic dust and some fire you can scrape off the other contents and cast 99.8%pure ingots.

[@hammerth1421]

And the "copperized" just refers to the remaining solubility of copper in liquid lead which makes it the major contaminant. It isn’t copperized as an active process, it just hasn’t been decopperized.

[@jeordydavis6939]

It was me who had to go through and correct the 450m to 450mm on all the lead packaging. Also had to wrap them all in that shitty paper as well. A few months ago it was just a lead sheet with a sticker holding the end to the rest of the roll.

[@TheRealLAC]

Man, I love Perogies. Can't wait to recreate the recipe!

[@juststeve5542]

Pierogi are good... and BTW, Pierogi is already the plural. One (a bizarre concept) would be pierog.

[@Guffy1990]

This is my favourite nature channel

[@MatthewBardin]

My cat got off the couch by me to try and catch the bird when it showed up. Gotta love the implied Darwinism of not mentioning the toxicity of dissolving lead in that particular solvent.

[@jameshowarth4801]

Thanks!

[@RiehlScience]

DMSO is also widely available in veterinary supply stores, apparently it’s used for… horses or something.

[@ExtractionsAndIre]

It helps you absorb the horse directly into your blood stream

[@cortburris9526]

@@ExtractionsAndIre I regret that i have but one like to give

[@technoman9000]

​@@ExtractionsAndIre new unit of solubility, the horseworth

[@zenongranatnik8370]

It's also available in 'alternative medicine pharmacies', some people even drink it

[@YuNvrKno]

Evil carrot thumbnail goes hard

[@collanhenderson9873]

I have worked with oleylamine in my academic research. We used it with CdSe and InP as well as oleic acid. oleylamine is an important ligand for making sure the nanoparticles disperse well in solution and don’t just recombine to form aggregate particles. I believe oleylamine can be made by isolating oleic acid from olive oil or other source, then either reflux or hydrothermal reaction with ammonia to convert the alcohol to amine. I believe this is how it is done industrially. Happy to provide more details

[@ErionDelta]

The audio glitch at 0:36 left me deaf for the remainder of the video, but the funny man made me laugh.

[@alstorer]

ooh, perovskites. My honours project involved making thoroughly useless (Bi0.5Sr0.5)CrO3 (and other ratios of bismuth to strontium), which involved grinding up the oxides, compacting the mix into pellets and then cooking at ~1000°C for three days. And then hope that I hadn't got it wrong and wound up with CrVI, because nobody wants CrVI. It is, after all, yellow. That, or melted the pellets into the silica boats.

[@No-df2kw]

I can only relate all too well. I wanted to synthesize a series of cobalt-based perovskites using an alumina boat, only to find out 2 days later the pellets had collapsed, fused and reacted with the boats forming massive crystals. Even something as bog-standard as a solid state synthesis can surprise you.

[@Aster_f2245]

I have my chem exams coming up and i just want to thank you. This time last year I dropped out but this year I am making 90%+ on my exams and its because you teach and inspire so much

[@desertfriend9090]

You're an inspo too

[@floorpizza8074]

That is so cool. I hope you ace them all!

[@danielnarbett]

Looking at that old acid I'm remembering a certain E&F quote "the atmosphere is nature's dustbin" ;)

[@heideknight9122]

And that's why I enjoy chemistry channels. Get to see the cool science without any of the hard work or possible hazards. Glad you are safe and healthy. I certainly hope you stay that way.

[@chasecarlson4900]

Vanadinte and wulfenite are such pretty forms of lead. Vanadinite is SUPER DENSE so you get the heaviness & a beautiful hexagonal crystal of lead and a few other elements

[@thomasa5619]

Ham sandwiches are in fact compatible with advanced materials Superfastmatt used a ham sandwich in his carbon fibre land speed car! It worked as well as you expect, rotted and prevented the epoxy from setting.

[@-Jethro-]

I saw that, too. Perhaps he should have added gasoline as mentioned here!

[@mattymerr701]

Clearly he should have waited for the ham sandwich to cure longer before adding the epoxy

[@Hurricayne92]

@@mattymerr701 Maybe a bacon sandwich?

[@dirtdart81]

SuperFastMatt is just right kind of nuts 🤣

[@kylebowles9820]

​@@Hurricayne92bacon weave a BLT, align with carbon fiber grain for strength

[@jasonpatterson9821]

DMSO is used widely in veterinary medicine. It's FDA approved in the US for treating swelling in dogs and horses.

[@mbessey]

It's commonly used off-label in the USA for swelling in humans, as well, for which it probably works fine, as opposed to curing cancer, and the like. It's in a somewhat weird category here in the USA, in that the FDA previously banned experimenting with it as a medicine, due to some limited evidence of ocular effects in animals. As I understand it, that's since been lifted, and it gets used in some topical "patch" medications. But since it WAS banned, it's got legendary status in the kook community.

[@Mediamarked]

Only the female horses though. "Dog & Mare Swelling Over™" was a good brand name for the stuff.

[@erich.5326]

Hey, a topic real close to my material science thesis! Perovkites are... not my favorite. Look at them funny and they decompose. Re: oleylamine, you will definitely need *something* as a ligand in the ball mill. Ligands coat the surface of the particles as you mill them and help prevent them from fusing to neighboring particles and re-forming microsized crystals. Any bulky amine (>8 carbons or so) should work. You may also be able to use oleic acid or some other carboxylic acid. They bind to different lattice sites than amines, but in colloidal synthesis it's common to use both OA and OAm at the same time. Olec acid may be available to buy directly (I get some shopping results stateside) or maybe extracted from olive oil

[@ExtractionsAndIre]

The paper does use the OA and OAm together so I was optimistic, but they try OA by itself and they get no fluorescence at all :(

[@erich.5326]

@ExtractionsAndIre Ah damn, I should have checked the paper first

[@namelessghost6387]

10:35 dude that is the exact reason I love your channel. it proves you don't need perfect conditions or chemicals to do the things you want/ are interested in

[@ginsengaddict]

When the white powders turned orange from just being shaken together, that was trippy as fuck.

[@rofljohn23]

18:43 Wow, breaking out the artisanal non-GMO lead!

[@goda743]

I like how the blackboard says "Prevorskitez"

[@SocialDownclimber]

"Perovskittles"

[@drdca8263]

Perov Skittys

[@Gunbudder]

39:04 i seem to remember that copperized lead flashing is 0.5% copper as an alloy. It also probably has around 1% antimony, or possibly less. Antimony is more important for lead bullets, but if the flashing is recycled it might have some in it. Not sure if antimony does anything for you, but it changes the physical properties of lead bullets and basically makes the bullets transfer energy better (makes them more bullet-y)

[@RealSlowLike]

He got lucky because there's another kind of flashing that is lead coated copper. Imagine separating those, sounds toxic

[@michellecullen8911]

Ends abruptly is actually an understatement lol.. I like how you put the anxiety inducing music on through the end so we could feel your frustrations and anxt. Making it feel like you do after spending days doing chemistry and editing lol😅😅 much love from northern NSW bro🙏💜🕊️ 0:20 42:09

[@Sathtana]

so long as you're smart with it, lead is fuckin awesome. low melting point, heavy af in relation to volume, highly versatile, and used for ammunition production. 10/10 element

[@not_a_therapist]

Holy shit he's back The most relatable man on youtube

[@technoman9000]

Makes you want to visit him at his shed of wonders, maybe identify some mysterious white powders together

[@Pickelhaube808]

the music was dope for this installation

[@Draginea]

I once worked in a lab that researched rare earth perovskites for use in solid oxide fuel cells. If you make them in just the right way they basically conduct oxygen as well as they conduct electricity. I think most liquid nitrogen temperature superconductors are perovskites as well. The things seem to show up everywhere.

[@mspalien]

Neutralize the dissolved lead/copper(?) with ammonia. If there is Cu+2 present the deep blue color of the cuprammonium complex should appear; it is much darker than the pale blue copper aqueous complex.

[@LogicalNiko]

Usually in flashing Copperized lead is lead coated with an ultra thin layer of copper to deal with loss of lead to environmental factors and allow it to have a more appealing greenish color when it corrodes (which is generally preferred over the dark dull gray look). On the other hand with copper prices maybe they are pushing the boundaries of how much copper they use.

[@lbochtler]

1:50 so keep the solar panels in the basement. got it

[@resurgam_b7]

Yes, and if there isn't enough room down there, you can just take out the sump pump and mount that to the roof instead.

[@lbochtler]

@@resurgam_b7 well, a solar panel that is heavily degraded by light is kind of pointless, hence my joke comment.

[@samuelmellars7855]

​@@lbochtler a sump pump on the roof would be about as useful as solar panels in the basement

[@lbochtler]

@@samuelmellars7855 i see my joke went over your head

[@jwm6314]

Don't do solar at all unless you're off grid. They degrade before they offset cost and they are a nightmare for the environment. It'll be talked about like lead paint in the future.

[@adanglaucus263]

*literally does lab chemistry outside while it's windy* 14:07 "who knows where they came from"

[@jwm6314]

Lol that was my thought too. I used to spray wood finishes (non toxic types) in my driveway before I could afford a paint booth. Even on a still day the atmosphere is full of dust and pollen and fibers of all kinds.

[@tombuster]

23:44 Somehow, lead chemistry gave us something that looks how I imagine asbestos would look like suspended in some liquid

[@Semibiased]

Hey E&I. I'm in the states so it might not be the same, but I use pharmaceutical DMSO in NY lab all the time as a cryo protectant when I freeze down cells for CAR-T cancer therapies. The pharmaceutical grade part comes from the fact it is being infused into the patient during their therapy. For the same reason, we use pharmaceutical grade water for reconstituting various reagents. So that's why their may be such an industry for that grade of DMSO.

[@ElSuperNova23]

A note about the The Poisons Standard - A given substance may be listed under multiple different schedules (usually depending on indication), DMSO when NOT intended for therapeutic use (e.g. as part of a chemistry experiment) is controlled under Schedule 6 (Poison). Pretty common class for laboratory chemicals and why it's okay to buy as a member of the public from a local chemical supply store. Addendum (I paused a bit early to write the above): when we talk about the poisons standard and therapeutic use that's typically in the context of humans. DMSO has legitimate veterinarian uses (which is the subsection c of the S6 listing) for dogs and horses to treat acute swelling due to trauma amongst other things. Basically my point is the legitimate use came first and them the loonies hopped on, so it's a bit unfair to attribute the blame to the supplier.

[@thewolfin]

Ivermectin another good example. Plenty of legitimate uses... even for things people were called loonies for trying. Nobody blamed the suppliers, just the middlemen. (Meta-analysis DOI 10.1097/MJT.0000000000001402)

[@zuthalsoraniz6764]

DMSO is also used in human medicine, though usually not as an active ingredient, but rather because it so easily penetrates the skin to carry pharmaceuticals through the skin, such as in some anti-wart medicines.

[@mfree80286]

DMSO in legitimate uses carries pharmaceuticals past the membrane barrier (skin), but the problem with how it works is... if you're using DMSO for pretty much any other purpose where it's in flux with a receivable compound and you come into contact, it may carry *that* molecule past the membrane barrier inadvertently. Quick googling found a mouse study where 50% DMSO/toluene resulted in 9 times faster absorption of toluene through the dermis.

[@JETAlone12]

@@thewolfin A high-school level understanding of statistics would be enough to learn why the meta-analyses used in that paper are invalid, as helpfully pointed out by the Expression of Concern it directly links to.

[@orange422]

@@zuthalsoraniz6764 Anti-wart drugs are topical as the wart is the outer layer and directly interacts with the drug. As an adjuvant in transdermal formulation it fell out of favour. It is just too good and any spill, eg by touching it or breaking causes issues with "normal" chemicals getting transported through the skins and causing issues.

[@notmynameanymore941]

11:30 the reflections on the bottle go so hard. great vid Mr.Ire

[@crackedemerald4930]

absolutely cinema, definitely intentional

[@harrisonstaley7742]

You should do a bunnings walkthrough video to show how many useful reagents can be found there. Magical place

[@Oldtanktapper]

Bunnings, pool supply shops and pottery / ceramics supply shops all worth a visit!

[@Inuyasha10121]

Water: "Chemists call me the universal solvent!" DMSO: "...pathetic..." Jokes aside, this is, hands down, one of the coolest chemistry/Mat Sci demonstrations I've ever seen. "Haha, funny dain bramage element" notwithstanding, not only did you get solvent free reaction, the fact that the "chunklets" of reactants started already fluorescing in the vial as you were doing the DMSO dissolution was so good (top notch music drop, too). Awesome stuff, man.

[@jimmytiddlytoo8160]

I worked on a project with CsPbBr3 a few years ago that was published in ACS CG&D. We converted CaCO3 into perovskites with PbNO3 and CsBr on conductive surfaces. Cool to see you talking about them

[@Chirishman6]

10:42 “Now I just spend money on a liter of acid without thinking about it” *immediately begins pouring into a graduated cylinder with the top broken off*

[@jansenart0]

28:40 In the US at least, we have what are called "compounding pharmacies" which can basically be just backyard chemists engaging in cottage industrial chemistry. So "pharma-grade" compounds and chemicals would be useful for them.

[@camillovidani2586]

There are a few also in Europe. Don't know about the rest of the world, but since it's a remnant of what the profession of pharmacist used to be about, probably it exists and is regulated in some form everywhere.

[@mattymerr701]

Australia has plenty of compounding pharmacies. I think the majority of pharmacies in my town are compounding.

[@TheMikeMilk]

I noted the ol' Austria/Australia switcheroo on the board. Gave me a chuckle :-)

[@MegaCyklops]

it's awesome that they have the same joke down there :D

[@Moritz___]

where?

[@JSTKSK]

I'm glad that you are getting back to chemistry with a project like this instead of going straight back to energetics. It's nice to get back in the groove with things you can boil dry without them exploding!

[@Saligrama]

I absolutely need a "I love lead" shirt

[@technoman9000]

Plumbophiliac

[@shotgunshelz7987]

Wow. An extractions and ire experiment that went as planned, with fantastic results. What a treat!

[@telotawa]

3:05 i can smell the physics phd

[@sherlock_norris]

16:00 "I'm really bad at small scale chemistry" looks at every ex&f video ever: small scale inside Huh

[@TheBritColl]

As much as I enjoy your videos where things go wrong. When you first added the two white powders to weight then out and it turned orange out of nowhere… big ass smile on my face. Good chemistry my Australian brother.

[@joleebensonjoleeconfirmed0677]

Never seen a video from this channel but I am captivated by the scuffed materials, the yapping and the oddly terrifying understanding of chemistry

[@Hurricayne92]

He is studying a PhD, probably explains the depth of his chemistry knowledge 😁

[@andrewfleenor7459]

You're in for a treat over on his main channel, Explosions and Fire.

[@kylebowles9820]

Definitely binge worthy, im jealous

[@technoman9000]

Hard not to be captivated by the erratically gesticulating pink gloves

[@joleebensonjoleeconfirmed0677]

@ good point

[@NeonPickless]

I mean this in the best way possible: You are like NileRed if he was high on crack and was suffering from heatstroke. I love it. Hello from over the ditch! (NZ)

[@SimonG311]

Something is telling me that we need a collaboration with NileRed. And with a video like Today we are making high explosive from crayons or similar 😅😂