Why You DON'T Have 25% of Grandma's Genes | DNA Inheritance Explained

[@susanharris3092]

We just did my children’s DNA because my husband is half Chinese and half Western European. We wanted to see which of our 3 kids got the most Chinese because they all look very different. One is 30% Chinese, one is 22% Chinese and one is only 19% Chinese. So it’s easy to see that one child got more from the Chinese grandparent than the others did. Fascinating!

[@debras3806]

Fascinating!

[@jsanders9975]

Sounds like flawed tests

[@bob1234881]

Interesting. Does this aline with looks?

[@maggiem.5904]

@@jsanders9975Not flawed - watch the video again.

[@needtoknowbasis3499]

you're judging solely on appearance

[@LairdKenneth]

I am one of the few in my family that inherited my paternal grandfather's red hair (and he had ten children, so there's a lot of us). Additionally, everyone says that of all of us, I look the most like him. Though an old B&W army photo of grandpa looks more like my older brother. On a visit to an elderly great aunt, suffering from memory problems, in a retirement home there in Clay County Kentucky, where I rarely visit, thought I was my dad. So I clearly resemble him as well. But I also have a picture of my mother when she was a little girl, which bears a strong resembelance to me at that same age. It is amusing how these things work.

[@NuNugirl]

You inherited the MC1R gene from both parents. It is impossible to have red hair without both parents having that gene. My late Father In Law’s sister was a redhead……so my youngest is a redhead. I’m a redhead, both my Grandfathers, my Mom, My Dad’s Sister and Cousins on both sides of my family all redheads 😂. P.S. I’m not a blond and I don’t color my hair, the color just faded 😂.

[@LairdKenneth]

@@NuNugirl yeah, I'm creeping up on 70 y.o., and my hair is fading, with a few gray hairs mixed in. It isn't anything like the glory days of my youth.

[@LanceHall]

It took me forever to understand this until I realised it's just from the fact you are going from two person's amount of DNA to one person's amount of DNA so half of it has to be chucked out simple as that.

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

Yep, every generation, half of it is discarded.

[@NorthLoftier]

Aha! So it's not necessarily just your grandmothers, but it equally happens with your grandfathers. My parents are going to get 50% of random chunks from each of their parents, and I'm going to get 50% of random chunks (of random chunks) from my parents which will not necessarily be 25% from each grandparent but random.

[@Subfightr]

You're not alone, I'm guilty of this. Glad to learn I was wrong.

[@kimfleury]

I just remember two separate classes in college at two separate schools -- intro to biology at my local community college, and etiology of congenital conditions when I transferred to a university to study special education. Both courses emphasized that each pregnancy is a new roll of the dice. Also, the professor in the university course was an OB/Gyn and Neonate pediatrician who ended up specializing in the care of newborns with congenital conditions. When he first went into medicine, he wondered why things didn't work out perfectly every time. Then as he studied, his question shifted to wondering why things work out ideally 90% of the time. In every case, though, you work to give the child the best chance at living to his or her highest potential.

[@linobenetti6578]

I wish to thank you very much for your kind and caring thoughts... A new roll of dice...still resonates with me When the most remote possible becomes a reality one doesn't know for real what name to give it...bad luck , destiny , existential singularity ? We have a name over here , in our neck of the woods , we call it atropos... ( no other way ) . Kalimera from kalamata to the whole world outhere

[@martheseturner995]

Genetics are amazing. We have our first grandchild. I am southern european, olive skin, brown eyes, dark hair. My husband is Australian, with the usual English, Irish & Scottish background. However he too is olive skinned & brown eyed, although his skin colour is lighter than mine. Our children are a mix of the both of us. Our grandson is extremely fair skinned, blonde haired & blue eyed. He's just like his mother's side in colouring. They are all fair skinned & blue eyed.

[@surfer-lc3nz]

Do you mean GENES are amazing?

[@Tee-kc3pn]

Uh that's typical ..... not shocking

[@anglophils645]

Your husband and your son may have light brown eyes, but they are carriers of the blue-eyed trait. Blue eyes is a recessive trait. A child must inherit the blue-eyed trait from both parents, in order for the child's eyes to be blue. BB----two dominate brown-eyed genes, results in brown eyes in the child. Bb-----one dominate brown and one recessive blue inherited, results in brown eyes in the child, however the child is a carrier of the blue-eyed trait, and can pass it on. bb-----two recessive blue-eyed genes inherited, one from each parent, results in the child having blue eyes.

[@martheseturner995]

​​​​​​@@anglophils645my son has dark brown eyes like me and my husband's eyes are a slightly lighter shade of brown. However as you said, they both must carry the blue eyed gene trait which comes from my husband's two blue eyed grandather's.

[@tammyhall3144]

I come from a family of over 30 1st cousins. I am the only one who inherited my Grandfather's grey eyes. Neither of my siblings or parents got them either. I look pretty odd in a prominently Filipino family with red hair and pasty white skin !!!

[@speakwell.840]

Amazing. ❤

[@icecoldrugby]

I'll save you 10 minutes. The half you get from each parent is a random sampling from their parents. Simple as

[@herrbonk3635]

And that random sampling happens when the eggs and sperms are being made, making siblings different. (The eggs are made "once and for all" though, while sperms are produced continously until death.)

[@PauloPereira-jj4jv]

It's far from "simple".

[@4granny388]

Thank you my eyes were frosting over.

[@michaeltrivette1728]

@@PauloPereira-jj4jvseems simple to me. To be fair… Some people are better at grasping things than others. Don’t let it get you down.

[@peterkoch3777]

The mechanisms are far from simple, but in a nutshell... yes, you i herited all the stupidity genes from both of your parents😂❤🎉

[@chrisper7527]

I saw another video where the claim was that the further back the relationships, the less we inherit any of their DNA. But, it’s better to say that the DNA chromosomes can rearrange themselves to complete the DNA strand, meaning that the contributions from far distant contributors can come to the fore as needed. It’s like a numbers shuffle.

[@siggyincr7447]

"the contributions from far distant contributors can come to the fore as needed" is a bit misleading. You have what you got at conception. If it wasn't included in the mix at that point, you'll never have it. There is no spare DNA that can can be pulled out of storage if we need it down the road.

[@davidsoulsby1102]

Its like the idea of a "throwback" where you get a trait your parents don't have but a grand or great grandparent had. If you have a set of genes that give you blue eyes, you could have got some of those from mother and some from your father which gives you the full set meaning blue eyes even if they both have brown. Its way more random and complicated than this but its the basic idea.

[@Spectrophia]

Grow a frontal lobe.

[@jmass4207]

@@davidsoulsby1102 You’re talking about a phenotype being recessive and therefore not expressed in the progenitor. That doesn’t mean the genes were dormant/inactive in the dominant type progenitor.

[@tastx3142]

Exactly! I am blue eyed with 2 blue eyed parents all with fair skin and married a man who had black hair and brown eyes whose parents had the same traits. Our son has light brown hair and green eyes, which his paternal great grandmother had.

[@cipriantaoshu]

I share 50.8% with my father and 49.2% with my mother. I also share 27.8% with my grandmother from my mother's side and 22.2% with my grandfather. And 38.2% with my brother.

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

That sounds about right.

[@turtleanton6539]

Hmmm😮

[@bervar7043]

This sometimes confuses people. You share exactly 50% with each parent. However, depends with which company you tested and if there were some gaps/misreads in the testing - it might not show exactly 50%. For siblings, whilst it is technically around 50% on average - it will always show quite a bit lower on DNA sites. Reason is a bit complicated, but has to do with fully identical regions. Meaning regions of the DNA where you share both parts of your parents DNA with a sibling. The DNA sites will only count half of it in those regions.

[@946towguy2]

My DNA results mother/father split of 62/38, 30% from maternal grandmother and 32% from maternal grandfather. It got 6% from my great, great, great grandmother, who should represent 1/32 of my DNA.

[@peterpan408]

​@bervar7043 I think it might be good to clarify the %. Is it %Chromosome (quantified to 44) or %DNA Pairs? Intra-chromosome mixing is occurring. The DNA may be significantly padded with 'junk DNA' or extra copies of segments etc (which we don't understand the execution of).

[@waterwoman901]

Always remember, the percentages inherited are AVERAGES. ON AVERAGE 25 percent from each grandparent, but not everyone will actually have 25 percent

[@richardmullins44]

I think it is more that you do get 25 % from each grandparent, but you certainly cannot count on getting 25% of a grandparent's genes for an attribute (e.g. hair colour).

[@timothyharris6927]

The bigger question for Grandma, is why do I have 0% of Grandpa's genes?

[@morriganinoregon]

Back in the day my oil painting dad threw me out for getting pregnant. Subsequent DNA showed a very famous artist as a contribution to his specific branch of our family. This was known long after he died, but _I_ got a chuckle.

[@kd8opi]

@@timothyharris6927 Assuming no infidelity, it’s almost impossible, but still possible, for your sperm or egg to by random chance contain genes from only one of your parents. Like, you can produce a sperm cell that has all 22 autosomes and the Y chromosome from your father. That chance is 0.5 to the 23rd power, or about 1 in 8 million. Or in other words flipping a coin 23 times in a row and coming up heads to see which chromosome from either parent ends up in a sperm cell. On genetic testing, what that would look like is your son would appear to have been fathered by your father. As a man, if your mother produced a 1/8million egg and only passed her grandmothers genes along to you, genetic testing would show that you and your mother are half siblings your grandmother had - your mother fathered by her father, and you fathered by your father and your grandmother. Weird, huh. On the flip side, because you’re a man the same thing could not happen from your paternal grandfather, because you should inherit his Y chromosome. You could get all 22 autosomes from your grandmother and the Y chromosome from your grandfather, and that would be slightly less rare at 1/4 million. Because men produce about 100 million viable sperm per day, you’ve probably produced hundreds of sperm cells identical to the one your father produced that fertilized your mother’s egg cell in your lifetime. Still nothing compared to the hundreds of billions of sperm you’ve produced. Even so, you probably have a sperm in your testes right now that beat the odds. Technically, speaking, this is a little more rare because of genetic crossovers, and you would have to assume that no genetic crossovers occurred as well - that’s when chromosomes segregate separately, but managed to switch pieces of themselves with their counterpart randomly. Still, theoretically possible.

[@PS-qn4oz]

LOL, yup. That's my situation but she's long dead.

[@Arete37]

Hanky panky going on, Grandma.

[@johnpowell9174]

That's a good explanation. Note also that for most folk, the 25% story is considered at the phenotype level which correspond more strongly with genes than chromosomes. If you do the analysis at the gene level, similar considerations to chromosome level apply, although recombination plays a smaller role so the 'all or nothing' occurrence is more frequent. There's a lot of non-coding DNA and this no doubt has some effect on phenotype; similar inheritance considerations probably apply. At the level of single nucleotides, the transmission is almost 100% all or nothing because recombination does not apply, only the very rare mutation event.

[@melodywolff6346]

A simple example to compare to is flipping a coin 22 times. If you had to put money on what the outcome would be, you'd put money on 11 heads and 11 tails. However, if you had to put money on whether or not you'd get 11 heads, you'd always bet against that. Of course crossover makes the math for genes less neat, but still, the simple example is perhaps a good way to get people to understand.

[@Legless_Orphan]

Genetics are a fun topic to learn about. My grandmother had 4 children. All had different hair colors but all were born with blue eyes.

[@cornstar1253]

Grandma fooling around is possible

[@misspeaches1144]

@@cornstar1253different hair colors is possible, different eye color is a different story… unless both parents have brown eyes and then you can have some surprises

[@suzannemcclendon]

@@misspeaches1144 Why would eye color be a different story? The eye colors of my children were confusing to me after a lifetime of being told that brown eyes were dominant - that if one parent had brown eyes, all of their children would have brown eyes. I have brown eyes, my husband has blue/hazel eyes. My mother had brown eyes. My daddy had eyes that changed between brown and green. My father-in-law had blue eyes and my mother-in-law had green eyes. My maternal grandma had brown eyes and my maternal grandpa had blue eyes. Our children? Two have blue, one has blue/hazel, and the other has brown eyes so dark they are almost black. Assuming all was correct in my birth family, and what I was taught, all of my children should have had brown eyes. But, they don't, and another thing that was incorrect was my paternity. The man who raised me, my Daddy with the changing brown/green eyes, turned out to not be my biological father. A very blue eyed man is my biological father. So, it appears to me that my grandpa, bio father, and father-in-law won the eye color contest with two of my children, my mother-in-law won with one, and my matrilineal line won with my brown/black-eyed baby. In this family, brown certainly isn't the dominant one! Even our part Mexican grandchildren have vivid blue eyes, including the one from my brown/black-eyed child. :)

[@NanaWilson-px9ij]

a@suzannemcclendon, I think you're confused about what dominate means. let me simplify it (there are exceptions to this, ) Someone with brown eyes who had two blue-eyed parents has one blue-eyed and one brown-eyed gene. Since the brown-eyed gene is dominant, their eyes are brown. They can still produce a blue-eyed child.

[@misspeaches1144]

@@suzannemcclendonI understand the confusion! Think about it this way - there is only one type of blue eyes, but there are 2 types of brown eyes. We have 2 genes that determine our eye color, one from mom and one from dad. In order to have blue eyes, both copies need to be blue. Brown eyes are different: you only need one of the two genes to be brown for the eyes to turn out brown. So you have people with brown eyes that have two copies of brown, and they will only have children with brown eyes. But then you have people with only one copy of the brown, and the other copy is blue! They will still have brown eyes, because the blue is hiding, but they have a 50-50 chance of passing either gene to their children. It sounds like a you have blue and brown genes, and you gave some of your kids the blue and some the brown. Your husband has only blue to give so even your kid that has brown eyes might have a blue eyed baby someday!

[@lounagy3392]

For a deeper understanding, study the process of Meiosis and how 4 gametes are produced containing the various combinations of paternal parents (or maternal parents) chromosomes. Also keep in mind that the 25% from each grandparent is an average across all 22 sets of chromosomes.

[@PS-qn4oz]

Wow, thanks for clearing this up. My family's DNA results were shocking and revealed that my maternal grandfather was not our biological grandfather. My mother and her parents are deceased and so far there's no way of knowing who exactly my grandfather was. Yet I have 28% of his DNA.

[@lauraneville50]

excellent explanation! thank you so much!

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

Glad it was helpful!

[@volkerr.]

@@FamilyHistoryFanaticswhat about that huge amount of mass in our genes that was supposed to have no meaning? Isn’t it mor like we inherited much much more but most of it needs to be activated or switched on and off..? Sorry for my bad English (I’m German) and my stupid questions (I’m not a genome scientist)…😜

[@murphchris5670]

Hi Andy, All 4 of my grandparents have all passed away with only my Maternal Grandmother tested and I'm wondering is there a way to find out how much DNA I inherited from my Grandparents?

[@ericray7173]

It might require a big shovel and a long night unless you happen to have some of their hair around or something.

[@KentPetersonmoney]

@@ericray7173 i'm not sure if it works that way

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

You can phase your DNA using siblings. Have you seen this video? Visual Phasing Part 1: Setupkzbin.info/www/bejne/nHm9eJefm8lngbs

[@richardmullins44]

You inherited exactly 25% of your dna from each grandparent. But it is a lottery exactly which genes you got. A zygote randomly loses 50% of the dna from each parent. I only have a lay knowledge of dna but I don't believe the spin in this article that you can have less than 25% of a grandparent's dna. I think this is nonsense.

[@truthingrace3594]

So it's possible to have little to no dna from a particular grandparent? Also, is possible to not have a portion of dna from a particular grandparent that indicates a particular ethnicity? For example I've been told one of my grandparents is black and one is Indian

[@katydidiy]

My mom and consequently myself were very lucky. Neither of us inherited my maternal grandmothers lack of kindness and civility. However, my brother wasnt so lucky.

[@YeshuaKingMessiah]

Personality is thankfully, not genetic

[@dudanunesbleff]

Those things aren't genetic, you know.

[@basicallyno1722]

Pretty sure she’s making a joke

[@debras3806]

Yes bc you’re obviously so kind and civil to call your grandmother and brother without.

[@eeaotly]

​@@debras3806 She is obviously inheriting logic and sarcasm from some other branch.

[@jaybestemployee]

1. DNA strands in a pair of chromosome are not exact same length so length-wise it would most likely not be 50%-50% for all autosomes accounting for differences in lengthes. 2. Although there is a low chance of having exact same piece of strand from the 2 parents, but that depends on the genetic similarity between the 2 parents. Functional genes comparison may be yielding a much bigger similarity because both parents may share functionally the same gene sequences for a lot of places. So the source by length calculation may be more of an identity trace than a feature trace.

[@LMan86]

I have a question. My great grandmother on my maternal side was half Chinese. I did a DNA test with Ancestry and it showed I have 4% Chinese. I know it’s from her because of my 8 great grandparents, I know for a fact she was the only one who had Chinese. Is that a normal range for me? Since my great grandmother was APPROXIMATELY 50% Chinese, would me being 4% be accurate? Or at least fit within the normal range of inheritance? Thank you in advance. 🙏

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

It's entirely possible that you have more Chinese ethnicity that what is currently in your results. The problem with taking DNA tests for ethnicity percentages is that the entire Asian region is under presented. As such, you match a small segment of the people within the reference population, but that's even a large enough fraction of the Chinese DNA in existence today.

[@LMan86]

Thank you for your insight kind sir! Thank you for responding to me! 😊😊😊

[@LMan86]

Btw i am a big fan of all of your videos

[@willjohnson353]

It would be what was expected with average split in each generation, a great great grandparent would be about 6.25% of your DNA.

[@Bmonkeygurl]

​@FamilyHistoryFanatics , yes. We have been suprised how my Thai husband's breakdown has been. It doesn't show him being very Thai at all. He is listed as VERY Chinese.

[@paulwetzel9049]

My wife’s grandmother is Okinawan. She has 23% southern Japanese islands DNA.

[@kristinmeyer489]

So then this makes me wonder about ancient bloodlines. How can a line be carried for centuries? It seems to me that after a few centuries, bloodlines must thin considerably.

[@cynthiawilson4500]

Thats why siblings and cousins married in royal bloodlines to keep them pure..but it backfired on them.

[@dulcilass]

Some lines totally disappear. As I remember that can start as the 8th generation back.

[@Friggsdottir]

You wouldn't be you eithout your ancestors. Just because a test can't find them in you doesn't make them not part of you.

[@shimmerbay]

Ancient bloodlines can be traced in males by testing their Y-DNA. This is passed down from father to son and that line can be traced back hundreds of years.

[@kristinmeyer489]

@@FriggsdottirWhat I said, versus what I didn't say.

[@mariacapaldi5062]

Thanks Andy great explaination🧬🧬

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

Happy to help

[@monicamccravey457]

Anyone who doesn't believe in a Creator when we learn how "fearfully and wonderfully" we are made....God knits us together in an amazing way.

[@freyalw326]

I look very similar to my maternal grandfather. Does that necessarily mean I have a lot of shared DNA with him? Or could I just have a little but have inherited certain genes?

[@willjohnson353]

Perhaps. But only a small amount of your overall genetics is related to your facial features, your skin tone and hair colour or type.

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

Looks are a combination of multiple traits not necessarily the quantity of DNA you received from Grandma. For an interesting video about inheriting traits, watch this one. kzbin.info/www/bejne/i6jJgK2Nf8arlaM

[@freyalw326]

Thank you both for the information!

[@michaelwhalan9783]

My father had two half-brothers: one on his father's side and the other on his mother's side. The other brothers would not share any DNA in the 22 chromosomes.

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

I responded to your comment as part of this livestream kzbin.info/www/bejne/oJnSgaeud5KHgLs

[@coney2010grads]

Well yeah, they have 2 completely different parents

[@katinkai.4642]

Very good explanation! 👍 Greetings from Germany 👋

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

Glad you liked it!

[@kari8885]

So what about full blood siblings?? It’s just the luck of the draw basically & we get different combinations?

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

Check out this video about How Much DNA Do Siblings Get From Their Parents?kzbin.info/www/bejne/gmTcqYRpa8aqi68 Then let me know if that answers your question or not.

[@debrahunt5374]

What about mitosis? I saw something that if you go back 10 or so generations you are no longer genetically related.

[@blackpekoe4163]

Mitosis is not involved in reproduction.

[@bernardinelermite1133]

So very interesting !! Wow, I didn't know the grand-parents mixing could be so heterogeneous at chromosome level. This maybe explains why I am the spitting image of my father's mother. This and another phenomenon : the recessive genes. You may have inherited such and such genes form both parents, but it doesn't mean they are gonna express if they happen to be recessive... Well, not too sure about it, though. If I get 23 from both parents (= 46), and I only can express 23, it means half of the 46 will be silent ??... 🧐

[@tanya5322]

I once saw a photo on my mother’s desk at home and asked when she took that picture of my son. Turns out, it was a picture I had never seen before of my father from when my father was a young boy.

[@bernardinelermite1133]

​@@tanya5322 Yes, sometimes the look-alikeness is amazing, just as if one deceased family member was reincarnated, lol. When I went to the burial of my father in his village of origin where people had not seen me for 20 years, they all stared at me like they were witnessing a ghost apparition because with age I resemble my grand-mother so much. She was a very respected and feared individual, and for the first time of my life I saw all my aunts and cousins becoming very humble in front of me. It was almost funny for me to experience, because I had always been the stranger in the village, and all of a sudden I had become the revered matron everybody considered the Big Boss, haha 😅

[@MegaToshia]

DNA every where from both families of your parents. How awesome ❤n beautiful. My grandson Klayton looks n acts like me. The only difference is that he has big bluish Grey eyes n lighter hair. Klaytons face is shaped like mine n most people believe he's my son but he belongs to my daughter. Lol 🎉❤how precious our grandchildren are n how are DNa lives on through our children n children's children. What beautiful 🎉❤stories we all have of our families ❤❤

[@xelahooper2176]

I've been working on my DNA matches in Ancestry. I have a 2nd cousin once removed that I match at only 13 cM. How is this possible? I look at DNA painter and it says 0% chance. My mom's DNA is in Ancestry. She matches this 2nd cousin at 129 cM. That seems right. How can the drop off be so big from my mom to me in this case?

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

I answered your question as part of this livestream kzbin.info/www/bejne/oJnSgaeud5KHgLs

[@KentPetersonmoney]

something similar happened to me. I only share like 30 something CM with my mom 2nd cousin but I share 109cm with my mom half second cousin. on paper I should be more relative to the other cousin but DNA says otherwise. I think i just took more DNA form the part of my mom that shares DNA form that 2nd half cousin then the full 2nd cousin.

[@willjohnson353]

This steep drop can happen, I have something similar, but I think it is a grandchild of a second cousin that matches at 7cM.

[@lloydr.6271]

I tried hard to listen carefully but did I miss the part where he mentioned maternal DNA? I've had my DNA test and I have a large chunk of Irish + Norwegian/Swedish + N. European and Southern English. My father's mother's heritage is French several generations ago (at least) but no mention for itself in the DNA test. Can we actually trust these tests or are they just a money making scam?

[@ColleenKitchen]

Explains a lot, including throwbacks

[@TNDRIVER]

The only thing I would add is dominant and recessive genes could cloud the picture a little. PLUS if your father's and mother's families come from the same community for several generations. There may be a mixture of genes where the families overlap. So, take the case: when I started doing genealogy on all my family trees, I discovered that my parents were like 3rd cousins in one line, 6th cousins in another, 4th in still another, and so on. In all, I think their family trees intertwined in about 10 different combinations. The point is that, theoretically, you could have some DNA, in this case, shared by multiple family branches, making it harder to determine where you got what when you get deep into it. It can get even more confusing when, say, a sibling inherits a recessive gene that may not be of sufficient amounts in your other family members that you are the odd one. I am such a one as I am the only lefty in either of my family lines on paper, but back in the day, almost all were taught to be right-hand dominant regardless of what you were born being. So it could be that left-handedness runs more in one branch than others and may not be as recessive as they thought. My point is if there is some overlap in genes or DNA because of intermarriage of your family lines; who you got a certain gene or DNA strain from might be hard to determine. So, not to be thrown as many curves, it might be better if you are familiar with your genealogy also. The ones I feel for are those lines where an adoption happened or you or a parent or grandparent were/are unknowingly a half-sibling that could unpredictably skew results. Just because you didn't know your genealogy, some members you are attempting to compare DNA with might show more, less, or even none in some instances. I am not a conspiracy theorist by no means I am a statistician by trade so with dealing with numbers I understand that how you got there might be a little murky at times so don't judge or fret over unusual results, the reason could be a few generations back and your immediate family might not have known before the results were run ànd compared. A prime example is my 4 times great uncle on my father's side, who is actually a cousin to my great-grandfather by marriage and not related, but he was raised as if he were a child of my 5 times removed grandparents. It was discovered through a family historical society that ran a DNA test to compare paternal great-grandfather's y chromosome. It was a diary from 4 times removed great aunt's descendant made it available to explain a long-ago family secret that was possible before birth certificates when live births were done at home. So he was taken in and named accordingly as if he was their biological child. The type of thing that, if you were two or three generations removed, you might not have known. I would compare it to say, a car enthusiast discovers a car that someone bought a body for and it didn't have an engine in it, and they put a different manufacturer in an engine in the automobile, so you end up with a Chevy with a Ford engine or something like that.

[@olkoehler]

Besides recombination within a pair of chromosomes (i.e. “crossing-over”), the video completely omits the second reason for maybe not getting equally parts of the autosomal chromosomes from each of your grandparents, which is meiosis.

[@googleuser1646]

Due to adoptions etc, my grandparents were passed on before I knew them. I matched dna with a cousin. She shared her mothers dna profile with me (my paternal Aunty) and she has 8% Scandinavian and I have zero. Is this possible? Her biological parents are my biological grandparents. Her biological brother is my biological father. ... as far as I'm aware...

[@musikbox1983]

I got a grandparent/half-sibling/avuncular match from someone unexpected. We're showing sharing 22.61% DNA (1639.49 cM.) They're definitely not a grandparent. That leaves a half-sibling or avuncular. Is this level of DNA possible for a half uncle or a nephew from a half brother? That's the only type of avuncular match this person could be to me if they're not indeed a half-sibling.

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

"According to the Shared cM tool, a half-uncle or nephew of a half-brother is out of range for 1639 cMs. dnapainter.com/tools/sharedcmv4 Now, there is a genetic genealogist that thinks this chart has some flaws. It's possible that the relationships you seek COULD be accurate, but at the moment, I'm not going to concur with the possibility."

[@jonathanflores9874]

My sister looks just like our grandmother and we both took a DNA test and she shares 37% of her DNA and I only have 25%! It just depends who you favor the most I guess.

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

25% is an average, there is a range of DNA you can inherit from grandparents that can include 37%. And als low as 17% that I've seen.

[@dandabmouth9068]

Thanks for the clarification

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

No problem!

[@MrJeffcoley1]

I know, by genealogy, that my 3x great grandmother on my father’s side is American Indian. We know her name, dates of birth and death, and tribe. My DNA test came back 0% American Indian. No casino money for me!

[@kd8opi]

You always get 50% of your DNA from one set of grandparents. There are 22 autosomal chromosomes per sperm or egg, so it’s pretty frequent that you’ll get 12 from one “set” of grandparents, 10 from the other. But the odds of producing a sperm or egg that has more imbalance than 1-2 chromosomes becomes exponentially less likely the further you deviate from the mean. This has little to do with % contributions from recent ancestors; but if you go back 10 generations or so, this phenomenon along with the more complicated reality of chromosome cross-over (where entire chromosome sections are non-randomly distributed), when you have 512 sets of grandparents, it becomes relevant - because at that point the percentage contribution to your genome (

[@kaif7260]

Wonderful explain about DNA 🤩

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

Thanks

[@johndeesmith183]

... I just want an explanation why my 2 different tests done 5 years apart by different companies didn't match .... maybe we're being bullshitted ...

[@BigBadJohn1892]

100%

[@theragnarok8896]

can i inherit my great grandparents height genes? Like mostly there short same with my dad but my grandmas dad from my moms side is tall like around 6 foot tall, and I mostly resemblance my moms side Could I get that tall from my great grandfather? My father is 5'8 and my mother is 5'5

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

Genetics and height is a complicated mix. But height of grandparents can impact children. I know a woman who a giant compared to her siblings. It turns out these are her half-siblings and her biological father's family has tall individuals. Meanwhile, of my two daughters, one is the same height has her grandmothers on both side. The other is as tall as my wife, who is taller than her mother and her grandparents.

[@Alan-lv9rw]

My test results were 50% Scandinavian, 30% English/Irish, and 20% German/Dutch. That’s almost exactly what I expected after talking with my grandparents.

[@suzannemcclendon]

Is there ever any true variance with the 50% shared with parents? I ask because although Ancestry says 50% between me and my father, MyHeritage only shows 49.6% between me and my mother. MyHeritage also shows less than 50% between me and each of our tested children: 49.9%, 49.8%, and 49.7%. It is the same on MyHeritage for my husband and his mother, 49.8%, not 50%. Ancestry shows all of these relationships as 50%. It doesn't make a difference whether it was a native MyHeritage test or a transfer. All show less than 50%. Why the difference between the two companies?

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

Yes, there is a range. Often 50% is used to 'simplify' the math for beginner genealogists. In actuality, it causes more confusion than necessary.

[@suzannemcclendon]

@@FamilyHistoryFanatics Thank you. Yes, it sure does! And, I sure don't need any more help getting confused. haha

[@damianofrancescolombardi4689]

È dovuto a mutazioni.

[@nineteenfortyeight]

Margin of error on the test

[@cornstar1253]

Margin of error. Nothing is 100% precise

[@jessikamoore5033]

What about people who are mixed? You aren't going to inherit as large amount of dna. For example, I am 3% African per Ancestry. My great grandma appears to have been mixed. I am still working on this. My uncle gets 7 % African or so. This would be his grandmother. We also have a great and great great grandpa from Austria Slovenia. I only got 1% Eastern Europe and Russia which says includes Austria and Slovenia. Shouldn't I have more than 1%??

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

Austria/Slovenia might be included with a German ethnicity if you have that.

[@jessikamoore5033]

I have a bunch of German from both sides. Well maybe not a bunch but enough. My maiden name is Witt.

[@nineteenfortyeight]

Everyone is mixed!

[@frankhooper7871]

Bear in mind that the ethnicity percentages are estimates, not set in stone, and are subject to change.

[@653j521]

@@nineteenfortyeight But not necessarily recently enough to matter statistically?

[@TheSapphireSprit]

Really intriguing!

[@FlopSter-i1o]

I consistently have between 24-26% of my maternal grandma's DNA. Her parents were immigrants from a northern European country and that ethnicity is not on my Dad's side.

[@robbiee.6921]

It's weird I look 100% Mediterranean ,so does my dad's side. But our lineage is from France Paris/latin quarter, wallonia , champagne and norde pas callais but we can pass for Greeks or Italians it's crazy . I'm confused

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

I responded to your comment as part of this livestream kzbin.info/www/bejne/oJnSgaeud5KHgLs

[@robbiee.6921]

@@FamilyHistoryFanatics thank you guys so much. I love the video and I'm sorry for not writing the question better 💪

[@willjohnson353]

@@robbiee.6921 How far back have you traced? Italians and Spanish have been emigrating to France for hundreds of years. Have you tested commercially? Ancestry is not so good for France, but if you have Italian or Spanish it will probably pick this up reasonably accurately, 23andme may do better.

[@robbiee.6921]

@@willjohnson353 I'm going to do 23 & me

[@willjohnson353]

@@robbiee.6921 Great :)

[@batya7]

My sister and I share 36% of our DNA. Dad is not alive, but Mom tested. My origin breakdown shows about 20% Italian (from Dad) but she was 0% Italian.

[@maryfrump7937]

My moms side is very strong, the facial features from her great Grandmother are inall of us girls- even my Granddaughters.

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

Cool

[@danblair1591]

22% from my Nana,22% my grandma,27% from my papa,and 29% from my maternal grandpa. 11% 11%(maternal GGs from grandma from England and Wales), 11% and 11% from Arcadie French colony and England from GGs from my Nana), 14% from my other maternal Grest a grandma and 15% from my mystery Grest grandpa. 13% from my paternal great grandma and 14% great grandpa from my papa). I have more DNA from my maternal grandpa and his father yet so do not think he was exactly from Scotland as Ancestry can get things wrong? That is why I am going to do 23ansMw to see a comparison. It takes 4-5 months for ethnicity estimates updates last one was in October from the summer DNA tests back in July and August so Sept to December/January’s test will be done in March. Estimated will change for me again in 2-0-25.

[@harryflower1810]

Great video, very clear explanation

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

Thanks

[@timothyjb100]

It looks like you made a mistake at 5:00 minutes in when you talked about a chromosome your father inherited from his "grandfather". I think you meant to say that your father inherited the chromosome from his (meaning your father's) father, not his grandfather.

[@confusedwhale]

He does that for most of the time he talks about a parent's parents and/or grandparents. Honestly, I'm not sure if he is talking about a person's great grandparents or just mistaken grandparents.

[@jmadratz]

@@confusedwhaleand in reality…who cares

[@timothyjb100]

@@jmadratz If you don't care why are you even here?

[@jmadratz]

@@timothyjb100the same reason why you vote for a democratic bill, you need to pass it in order to read it…and in this case, you need to click on it in order to realize the hogwash being spewed.

[@Wakeywakey-j2b]

Loved this. Thankyou

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

I'm glad you liked it

[@googleone505]

What testing company shows these specific recombined percentages?

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

No company shows the specific recombination percentages. Without your parents, grandparents, and preceding ancestors, there is no way to display such percentages. Most DNA test takers do not have all of those living predecessors to make that viable. However, statistics and the study of genetics have demonstrated these percentage ranges to exist. A knowledge of the variance can help us understand why we don't have the same matches as our siblings, cousins, aunts/uncles, etc.

[@afernao]

Living and learning. Thank You

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

You bet!

[@angreagach]

One thing I wonder about is: when chromosomes combine, are the boundaries between genes always maintained or can you get half of a gene from one parent and half from the other, which might eventually result in new traits? Or is it even known whether or not this is the case? (Hope that's clear.)

[@thorny78]

I dont know who my biological father is. My 19 year old daughter just had an ancestry dna test done. Its come back 24% irish. There are no irish relatives on her dads side and no irish on my mothers side. Does this mean my father/ daughters grandfather was possibly irish or maybe one of his parents were?? Hope this makes sence as i struggle a little bit with understanding how it works xxx

[@lynild]

Test yourself, you may be surpriced that there are in fact some Irish in there, or her father may. I didn’t know and still don’t know where the 20% Irish/Scottish/Welsh came from by looking only at what we know from our family history. I then had my grandma and grandpa tested, and at least some of it likely came from my grandma, while I almost have double the amount she has.

[@EPE70]

How can you find out how much you receive.

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

One was is through visual phasing if you have enough siblings who have tested. The other way is to test every descendent of all your grandparents and compare shared DNA. (However, it really is difficult to truly capture the full spectrum which is why we speak in generalities).

[@berg6964]

Fascinating! Thank you

[@sharonjacob4782]

How are you able to tell that the blue line is your grandfather? Did you do a DNA test on him?

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

Yes, I have tested both of my paternal grandparents.

[@sharonjacob4782]

@@FamilyHistoryFanatics merry Christmas Larry. You lucky man to have that generation to test.

[@jeffrussell488]

Chatting shit, I’ve done the Ancestry dna test and they prove that it’s 25% from each grandparent going by my ethnicity and my dna match results

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

No, they don't PROVE anything. They can suggest. And if you have the exact percentages that are expected, congratulations. Most of the world, due to statistics and genetic recombination, won't have the exact percentages. Math and science are pretty impressive that way.

[@palletcolorato]

So you're saying that DNA only recombines from GF GM to Grandchildren, and it does not do that from the fusion of one's father and mother's DNA?

[@Secret-sw8ih]

Hey, thank you. I was enjoying watching this but had a surprise at the end. According to 23&me, a grandparent can pass on a range starting at about 17 up to about 34%. You say 20-30%. Whether DNA is what my results show on 23+me, well yes it is DNA but split into ethnicity. Looks like myself + my first cousin have about 17 Percent from our grandad...we were starting to wonder if he was our direct grandad. I think he is. We were a bit unsure because my other first cousin has nearer 22% shared DNA. 🤔 Maybe we just got less from him(?)

[@Secret-sw8ih]

Mine from grandad looks like 16.6 percent actually. My cousins is 17.2.

[@flavialm1]

My daughter is the only one in the family who got my grandma hair color. I'm also the only grandchild that inherited my paternal grandma eye color, bright yellow. All her children have it, but I'm the only grandchild from all 8 that does.

[@greenghoul157]

I resemble my grandfather on my mother's side the most out of my grandparents I inherited his curly hair and long face

[@marthaortega2708]

Where can you test for this? Does Ancestry show this?

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

The tests I recommend - Ancestry DNA, MyHeritage DNA and 23andMe - will show you how you're genetically related to others, they just approach it differently

[@zanasteer]

I did a DNA test, and it says my DNA from my maternal grandmother is more than what it should be. My grandmother was Māori. My DNA shows 23% Māori and 6% Hawaiian. My mother also did a DNA test, and her results were 35% Māori and 15% Hawaiian (so 50% in total).

[@cm1642]

Where do i find a test like this?

[@frankhooper7871]

Ancestry, 23andMe, My Heritage...

[@johnlabus7359]

Like youI have 3 brothers, and our DNA percentages from our maternal grandmother are different. I am the only one testing as having about 25% from her. My brothers have far less. likewise, I am the only one who's significantly different in height, and I am the one who looks most like my mother's family.

[@bonniekornfeld6662]

What about great grandparents?

[@fraternallove4370]

Does it ever disappear after such continued dilution?

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

Yes

[@fraternallove4370]

@@FamilyHistoryFanatics interesting 🤔. Thank you

[@sftommy01]

my half siblings shared DNA runs between 22% and 25% - half cousins have a little variability too.

[@felixq723]

I share 22% with my maternal grandfather... and 11% with my maternal grandmother. This seems impossible. Aside from chimerism, is there ever any way for someone to share less than 35% of their DNA from one set of grandparents, or only 11% with one grandparent? I can't imagine there is, but... The only way both of them could be related to me without my grandmother being my grandmother is if my grandfather impregnated her much older, married-with-kids sister, who lived in a different state, a couple of months after he married my grandmother. And then my great-aunt would have had to admit what happened or come up with some other excuse to give my mother to my 20 year old, newlywed grandmother rather than simply raising her with her other kids and passing her off as my great-uncle's. And then my grandmother would have had to be so okay with this, that she would go on to have several more children and 50+ years of a very stable, loving marriage with him despite divorce very much being an option from both sides of the family. AND my loudmouth family, which loves to drink and dig up old skeletons during family reunions, would have had to keep it a secret for decades. My great-grandmother was well into menopause by the time my mother was born, and I don't think they had much contact with extended family so I don't think my grandfather would have even met any of my grandmother's cousins or other close relatives. There just simply aren't other options for who my grandmother could be. So, faulty results? Medical anomaly? The most nonsensical case ever of someone secretly raising their sibling's kid? I really want to make sense of this, any real suggestions are welcome.

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

11% seems outside the realm of possibility for a grandmother. You would have to compare yourself to other descendants of your great aunt as well as your cousins from your grandmother's other children in order to confirm whether the situation you describe is correct. No, there is no way you can have less than 50% from a pair of grandparents (because you got 50% from each parent).

[@spidermann-z8q]

​@Family History Fanatics hi, my grandmother is moroccan and turkish and recently I find out I only inheritage 16% ethnicity, and only 5% turkish. Does that mean I'm not turkish at all?

[@peterkoch3777]

​@@spidermann-z8qit may mean some of your grandfathers (or maybe your father) is not really your biological... cheating happens, you know😂

[@andromedastar4900]

​@spidermann-z8q no, you're still part Turkish. All it means is that you inherited less of the genetic markers. Just like someone can have a fully Chinese great great grandfather for example, but get no Chinese result when they take these tests.

[@Falling_Star_Catcher]

I don't know how I could look it up since both of my parents and all of my grandparents are deceased, but I'd bet money I get 30% from my PGM because I look a lot like her so much so that sometimes people will see an old photo of her and think its me.

[@lynild]

I got 30% from my paternal grandfather, that’s quite a lot I think.. Now what I actually find weird though, is that I got 19.3% from my paternal grandmother.. how does that even happen? I tested both grandparents and myself, and I have a cousin from the other side of my family who is pretty accurate around the 12.5 mark. Did the rest 0.7% not get recognized because it is mutated enough from one of my grandparents (or both)?

[@chubbygardener]

Thanks for explaining that in an easy way. That's something we Venezuelans know for intuition. Let me explain, in our country we are descendants of African, Spanish and Amerindian people. The interesting thing is that "interracial" marriage has been the rule, not the exception for 400 years. So for us it's totally natural that if we have 5 siblings they can have 5 different skin colours, six different hair structures, eyes colours, size etc. That's my case. I'm the darkest one in my family, with the exception of my father. I look like an Ethiopian elf, on the other hand my oldest brother is more like a red bearded dwarf of the lord of the rings 😂😂😂. Recombination in a very high degree. Even though my hair isn't all the same, parts of it are more "Caucasian" and the rear part is more African curly.

[@pauleagle6281]

Try this simple experiment.... Have balls with red color, green color, white color and black color. Twenty two balls each color. Let these balls reprent dna. Then put 22 balls of red color and 22 balls of green color in the same bucket. This bucket represent dna of a person A that have dna from parents. Then create dna bucket of person B by putting in 22 balls of white color and 22 balls black color. When person A and person B mate, their offspring have half of dna from each parent. This can represented by drawing 22 balls from each bucket. We cannot predict exactly how many balls of each color from the drawing. For example, It can end up with 0 green ball all the way to 22 green balls. Let say balls of green color represent Irish. So the kid have one grandparent with Irish origin. Then the grandkid can have Irish dna range from 0% to 50%.

[@solofemaletravelerme]

639 You need to specify WHICH grandmother, paternal or maternal.

[@nasinandi4521]

1:31 22 Divided by 44?

[@jamieohare5096]

Yes. 0.5 or 50%. That’s how math works.

[@GoTeddy]

Ummm Andy there are not video links at the end of this video. You are still just pointing at air when we view.

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

I'll get on it JR E. We've massively increased our content and some things are slipping through the cracks. Thanks for being such a loyal fan and reminding us to stop pointing at air.

[@Sharrai81]

My grandmother is half Native American but I have no Native American on my DNA test

[@debpratt52]

We had similar results. My Grandfather said that his Grandmother was half Mohawk, but no Native American shows up on any of our DNA tests.

[@zelenicaljubljanica5410]

she wasn't

[@BonnieDragonKat]

How would it work when you come from a large family? I have 12 siblings. Half are full siblings and half are half siblings.

[@toniasalways]

It would make no difference how many siblings you have. You inherit 50% from each parent. 25% from each grandparent, etc. If you reach into a bowl of M&Ms and you pick out a handful, count what you got, throw them back in and your handful will not match the handful your sibling pulls out.

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

I answered your question as part of this livestream kzbin.info/www/bejne/oJnSgaeud5KHgLs

[@JamisonJohnson-bn9mi]

Well explained

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

Thank you.

[@confusedwhale]

​@@FamilyHistoryFanatics: There were a lot of mixups after 5:00 when you kept on mixing up grandparents when you probably meant a parent's parent rather than a parent's grandparent. Unless, you meant to talk about your great grandparents, but I don't think you did.

[@diane_princess]

Question: I don't understand why for example Europeans still have neanderthal traces. I would think that with every generation and the randomness in which dna is passed on, those traces statistically should have disappeared a long time ago. Can someone explain why that isn't the case?

[@olkoehler]

If at one time in the past for example 2% of European Homo Sapiens’ DNA was of Neanderthal origin, these 2% of the DNA have the same probability to be given to the descendants as any other part of the DNA. Therefore, there is no probability rule which would come to the result that the Neanderthal DNA as it was spread in the then population would diminish any further.

[@tommihorttana860]

Even without recombination, couldn't I just, by random chance, have received all the grandmother chromosomes and none of the grandfather chromosomes?

[@olkoehler]

Yes

[@rovorovor]

I’ve had to scroll quite long to finally read someone mention this. Recombination seems secondary as a process.

[@clodoaldodonato3029]

The DNA combinations resemble the Lego game “play well.

[@cosmicHalArizona]

Well explained based on the statistics.

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

Thanks

[@stephaniewukovitz2822]

yup, about 42% of the DNA I got from my mom is from her father.

[@professor6562]

Crossing over always occurs and, on balance, cancels out in terms net % DNA obtained from our ancestors. The math is still valid.

[@Justshill]

My brother doesn't show as a match in the group I share with my son. Can he still be my brother?

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

He will always be your brother but it's possible that he's not genetically your brother.

[@sandycarlson3047]

What about your maternal grandparents

[@richardmullins44]

I only ran into this question a couple of weeks ago. Google says that all humans have 99.9% of their dna in common. I imagine that if they test all of the other 0.1%, there will still be millions of markers. I think if they test on many thousands of markers, this is enough to say that siblings share close 50% of their dna, say 99 % of the time. (Just like if you throw many thousands of coin tosses, you can be sure that 99% of the time, the proportion of heads and tails as around 50%). .But if they only test on a few markers, by chance they will often assess the siblings ae sharing much less (or much more) than 50%. I'm guessing that the dna testing is very incomplete and that is why it is coming up with very different findings. However my understanding may be quite wrong as I only developed this idea today.

[@amechealle5918]

I have yet to take a dna test for ancestry, (multiple reasons). When looking at the nationality results from some of my Daughters siblings I see that they average 4% Chinese. My Ex is Samoan. I know it’s a long shot but is there a possibility of knowing how far back that 4% Chinese is? My side of the family was easy, no surprises but we thought it was cool to find tiny percentages from Asian countries. (Yes we know there tend to be kinda high percentages mixed with Asian and Polynesian nationalities. We’re just curious if it could be found out how far back the Chinese dna was.

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

I discuss this question a bit in this video kzbin.info/www/bejne/b5nFdmeMns2Zask The short answer is, it's rather difficult. The other caveat (with the Samona heritage) is that Pacific Islanders and Asian populations are under represented in reference populations. kzbin.info/www/bejne/iZS9pXuripxrpJY It's entirely possible that you have more or less of that ethnicity than what your current report says. Only time will tell and you can expect more changes to the results. I recommend that you instead build your family tree using genealogical records (as much as possible, which might be difficult with your Samoan heritage. It's my understanding that they don't keep a lot of written records). Then, use DNA matching to find out how you're related to others who have tested. Pay close attention to matches that share more than 40 cMS. kzbin.info/aero/PLcVx-GSCjcdmsw25mbI-wJin_9_9QQUzI

[@SoldiersAttic]

Hello I wanted to ask what was the best DNA company to use for researching if you may have children that you were not aware of. For example.. being in the military.. im asking, I think I may have a son, I never knew existed. He's my mini-me genetically and behaviorally..but for clarity I wish to find out the truth for peace of mind. Thank you in advance.

[@FamilyHistoryFanatics]

If you have access to his DNA and yours, any company will work because this is such a close relationship. If you're trying to find them, then you need to test in all of the companies because you don't know where they'll test.