How to improve the output noise of a laboratory supply using LTspice

[@Choober65]

I'm an electronics Engineer of 35 years, this guy still teaches me stuff 👍👍

[@phuang3]

This is the video that every electrical engineer should watch.

[@סיגנאלמעבדות]

I had this problem with a ts100 soldering irons switched PSU the solution was the same as yours. The amount of trouble it could cause if not fixing this problem is enormous . Thanks for sharing the detailed simulation.

[@bohuserik5151]

Fantastic video and the speaker has a bright personality!

[@EJEuth]

Great video - explanations, simulations and practical demonstration. Thank you and Keep sharing!

[@FesZElectronics]

Thanks, will do!

[@fredbloggs4829]

FesZ mate, this is an under-rated channel. Keep up the great work.

[@FesZElectronics]

Thank you for the kind words! Will do!

[@OriginalKKB]

I know you're a pro, but man, when you taped off PE my eyebrow went up for a second 😂. Great video

[@pavelgromovikov5846]

A necrocomment: The simulated 310Vpp value is obtained due to powergrid simulation through (0, 310, 50) AC voltage source. 311v is a peak-to-peak voltage for 220V RMS. Meanwhile in the EU the standart RMS voltage of the power grid is 240 volts, giving the 339Vpp. That is one of the reasons of the 50Vpp gap between the simulation and the measured values. This remark being done I have to say I really enjoyed the video and got the answer to my question.

[@FesZElectronics]

I just checked and in my country its 230V according to en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity_by_country I guess 220 is an older value (at least for my country)

[@jimw7916]

Excellent vid. You are a very good teacher

[@adaptivedesign8795]

Great Video! (please change the title "How to lower the output noise..." I don't know anyone who wants to improve output noise) keep them coming!

[@okidoki3515]

I'm very sure that you can peel potatoes with SPICE ( especially LT Spice ). I have no more words to say about your technical approach and knowledge.

[@fraiflorin]

Finally you put a face to the voice :)

[@FesZElectronics]

Yep. I hired an actor. Not a very good one...

[@DarianCabot]

Recently found your channel and learning lots. It's great to see simulation being used so practically. Well done 👍

[@hojnas55]

Great video! Keep it up!

[@FesZElectronics]

Thanks, will do!

[@p_mouse8676]

Excellent video! Btw, a lot of times it's actually also the ground wire from the probe that's causing quite some additional noise. A much better method is to wrap a wire directly around the ground connection (sleeve) of the probe itself.

[@FesZElectronics]

Hello Piet! You are right, for measuring low noise, you can use a spring or something, and do away with the long ground lead. I usually make these from pen springs, since that way they are elastic and hold better on the probe end. Measuring low noise is quite an interesting and difficult topic.

[@p_mouse8676]

@@FesZElectronics I usually just wrap a thin wire around it. Sometimes even solder it. And yes it a very interesting and difficult topic. I once even noticed a pretty significant change by just connecting to a different ground point on the PCB. Direct soldering it to the board can also make a huge difference. Crazy

[@FesZElectronics]

Hello Piet! Well I guess if the ground on the PCB is not very uniform, then you can get more or less noisy spots. And of course of you are working with high currents such effects will be even more visible. This will be especially noticeable on 1 or 2 layer boards. I'm not sure how safe soldering the wires to the oscilloscope probe is; I mean it might damage the probe. On the other hand, if you have a probe with detachable tip or some sort of proper adapter, and solder to that, then it should be no issue. Are you using a special kind of probe for such measurements?

[@CalinColdea]

You are superstar! Thank for the video!

[@denisleo9069]

Hi, I will not say that it is the best electronic channel but clearly it is the best that I have ever seen ! And I spend a lot of time on youtube ! You may consider writing a book ;) Also it would be nice to you if you have some books to recommand :) Have a nice day ! :D

[@FesZElectronics]

Thank you for the kind words! There are a lot of books out there, what exactly would you be interested in? Electronics is a very broad subject, is there any particular part that you would like to find out more about?

[@denisleo9069]

@@FesZElectronics you re right ! I would like to know what are your recommandations about power electronics and about magnetic design :) thank you :)

[@FesZElectronics]

Well I guess as a general recommendation I suggest things written by the people that make the IC's and materials - especially application notes made by the major manufacturers (for power supplies Texas Instruments, On Semiconductor, Maxim etc.) (for magnetic materials TDK, Epcos, Kemet, Vishay etc.). Nobody knows more about the object than the person (company) that manufactures it. Its in the best interest of the manufacturer to inform you how to use their product so you buy it and use it properly; even if the product is good but its miss-used, the buyer might think its the manufacturers fault. If you are interested in books then again the best material is the one made by the people who work on this topic - the engineers from the major companies (not random internet people or university teachers) - even though they all know what they are saying, the engineer will tell you the practical side and practical problems while the university will tell you the theoretical side and the ideal conditions. As authors, I have 2 that spring to mind - Cristophe Basso (from OnSemi) and Ray Ridley (from Ridley Engineering), but there are of course may others out there.

[@denisleo9069]

Ok :) thank you very much ! :) thank you for this detailed reply ! :)

[@michaellove7912]

Learned a ton! You are awesome!

[@mohsen8468]

Brilliant, thanks..... Love these fundamentals..... Useful circuit...

[@FesZElectronics]

I'm happy you enjoyed it! I tried to give a bit of background information to explain why the "fix" actually helps.

[@jamen1993]

Nicely done, thank you very much 👍

[@astorina]

Nice video and tech elements to start the day Take care and thank you

[@aguywithjeep.7498]

What a great video

[@thomasmaughan4798]

"How to improve the output noise of a laboratory supply" Does *improve* mean make more of it; more noise? Anyway, excellent presentation. My power supply is an ancient HP 6216A variable, linear power supply. It isn't efficient but there's also no noise. Well, not more than thermal noise.

[@rabiaahmed288]

Think you very much

[@stephanc7192]

Great video

[@lucabelvederesi6914]

Very nice video and interesting topic! Well done!

[@bolasalju2218]

Thank you bro!

[@auldteuchter9012]

At 27:56 you talk about the noise suppressing ferrite inductor. Maybe I missed a part but it's not really the inductance which suppresses noise but absorption in the ferrite. In effect the inductor becomes a resistor at the frequencies of interest. I miscalculated once, noise was killed wonderfully but the ferrites exploded.

[@FesZElectronics]

You are right - but this depends on the ferrite material. You can chose a material which behaves resistively at the frequency of interest - a lossy inductor which has imaginary inductance; but even this material, at low frequency will have real inductance. "Low" and "high" frquency are of course material dependent.

[@auldteuchter9012]

@@FesZElectronics Indeed. A combination.

[@hafgaming9896]

another excellent video sir, hoping to see you more often with some great videos, can you make mosfet modeling videos more.

[@MrBaltoaca]

Awesome!

[@FesZElectronics]

I'm happy you liked it!

[@ats89117]

This is an excellent video with some caveats. Your ability to simulate and figure out how to match real world results is really impressive. But the problem solution is questionable. As an aside, it seems that a good portion of the problem may be due to the scope probe and the primary of the power supply both being grounded through mains with potentially many meters of ground wire between them. This forms a large inductive loop which is good at picking up noise. Good differential scope probes would go a long way to solving the problem, but unfortunately they are unaffordable, (a big advantage for a battery powered scope). The large capacitor solution is shunting well over the 5mA to PE that should set off what we call a GFCI breaker (I can't remember what you call them) and would need to be a Y type capacitor if the solution were going to be used in a commercial product (but Y type capacitors are never this large because of the excessive current that would be passed). Putting extra inductance in the power supply line increases the potential for overshoot when powering a capacitive load. The overshoot can be up to twice the output voltage of the supply. I've blown up equipment this way just with the inductance in a long wire... The common mode choke is of course the recommended solution for breaking ground loops in high power supplies and probably use of a large CMC on the output of the supply would help. The supply should already have one, but you never know...

[@Graham_Wideman]

I thought putting a common mode choke in the psu output was in fact the last thing he did.

[@ats89117]

@@Graham_Wideman Yes, he put a common mode choke in the PSU output which is great, but there will be pickup in the large inductive loop formed between the power supply and the scope based on the fact that they are both tied to the ground wire in the house wiring. This length of this loop could be as short as the combined length of the two power cords or it could include a lot of additional wiring in the walls. Of course it's the loop area, not the length which is important, but it's easy to keep the length short and run the wires together to minimize this area...

[@Graham_Wideman]

@@ats89117 Sure, the large inductive loop is an issue. But your original comment "probably use of a large CMC on the output of the supply would help" seemed to imply that he had not put in a CMC on the PSU output, which he had. Or were you saying the one he used isn't large enough?

[@ats89117]

@@Graham_Wideman Looks like I was confused, but the combination of the grounded power supply and the grounded scope is likely to be causing a lot of the problem. It's similar to the issues you frequently have with audio distribution and the solution is probably the same, i.e. transformer isolate the scope input when measuring the power supply noise. The CMC will be effective at higher frequencies, but probably not so much in the < 20 MHz band he was probably looking at.

[@juangizirian9810]

Good comment, also you could welly also apply some filters on the scope 20mhz ac filter to remove noise. But what worried me he talked about the Y capacitor. which If I'm not mistaken there are X / Y capacitorss on the inline on most of switching power supplies for protection , and they're in between Cold and hot section. These caps are for protection , and are the only components which can withsdtand surges and might short. So filtering in here at least to me doesn't sound a good approach to filter. I was thinking yes, to apply some filtering on the input of the scope on the BNC ( some LC / choke) in there which could reduce noise a friend of mine who's got a research and experiments channel already played around with passive filters applied to BNC port of the scope and measured how ppk values diminished drastically. What are your thoughts.? by the way my friends channel is www.youtube.com/@jgv988

[@vidhyadhar64]

Very nice video..

[@juangizirian9810]

Hi greetings from Argentina, congratulations, you're really good at explaining with details. Question is that capacitor on the power supply the sort of X / Y capacitor which is the only cap going from hot to cold on a switching supply. This are some of the unsecured elements on a psu as if they short or theré's a discharge it may short circuit. So isn't this mod somehow risky? . can you apply this kind of filter but externally using LC filter and chokes on the BNC side of the scope instead. I'm watching all of your videos . Quite different from many others.

[@nukiduki2]

Great video! Do these modifications affect the power supply's voltage regulation and transient response times?

[@FesZElectronics]

Normally, that should not happen. The noise measures that I added work only at very high frequency, much higher than the supply feedback loop should be able to handle. Anyway, it is a good practice though to verify the power supply at the end, since any modifications added after the original design was validated can have one effect or another.

[@bobdehuisbaas1]

At the start you measure 50Hz noise of about 5V, without the oscilloscope ground lead attached. You don't repeat this measurement later, only the ones with the ground lead attached. Has the 50Hz noise been improved as well by these modifications?

[@MegaMino31]

Great Video, just a small question @ 15:51 you show a screen capture from your scope; I can't find at what point in the video you have taken that screenshot.

[@FesZElectronics]

You are right, I didn't clearly show that measurement - I took it off camera. But the setup was like at kzbin.info/www/bejne/jJzHpXiJfpt2bZY ; I isolated the EG but unlike in the video, I only connected the probe tip, not the probe ground.

[@facundonieto1598]

2:55 con el multímetro (continuidad) se demuestra cómo la derivación a tierra del conector al tomacorriente está conectada a la carcasa de la fuente de alimentación

[@MrBrightlight66]

Very good video. Just one question. if the intervention is done on a number of operational power supplies connected to the same RCD, does this not increase the likelihood of triggering the RCD to cut the power? This is suspected in view of greater current leakage to earth but I'm not sure whether it could be an issue.

[@chumbuddy100]

It would be interesting to see the effect. Not sure how big the effect might be since the current shunted to ground is high frequency.

[@mumbaiverve2307]

Excellent video about the concepts ! Just one question , this noise will arise only if any PE referenced measuring instrument or circuit is connected ? Since this is not typically the case, would this mod give any improvements otherwise ?

[@paulpaulzadeh6172]

Great video , impressive reverse engineering

[@Fishkingg]

yo you’re smarttt man

[@johnyang799]

IDK. The noise is indeed caused by the power supply. But the current is only happening when your circuit is earthed. So in the circuit if it's not earthed say on bread board the issue is not there. And only if you measure using the oscilloscope the noise appears. In another word, if isolation is not required why not connect the V- to earth that will solve the issue too.

[@SaihoS1]

I really love your videos, FesZ. Thank you. If I draw your attention to something, it's only to make the video even better. If I tried to make a similar video, it probably would not have been without inaccuracies. This does not really matter, but at 13:10 if the chokes L3 and L4 are to suppress CM noise (however I do not see the coupling between them, perhaps K outside the screenshot), then the upper terminal of the capacitor C2Y should be connected to another terminal L4. The classic input filter circuit looks like this: www.promelec.ru/fs/sources/e1/1f/e6/2a/e80ece0c543ca21f4ca1e88c.png Ld is often formed by a turn of the power cable on a ferrite ring, and Lc is a special component on the PCB. Of course you all know this. And it really doesn't matter for the theme of the video. Just a slight inaccuracy. After all, someone can take this scheme as a model, relying on your (certainly deserved!) authority. But the really important thing is that the extra capacitor you installed is much more demanding than it is to handle 275 VAC. As I read in the comments, you used a 470nF X-type capacitor. If you look at the blue capacitor that was already in the circuit, you will see that it is rated for 5000 Volts at a peak (Y2-type). And it also belongs to a special type of capacitor - the so-called Y-type. This is important for safety. You can always put Y-type instead of X-type and you can never put X-type instead of Y-type. Because the X2-type only withstands 2500 volts at a peak and does not guarantee the isolation of its terminals from each other in the event of a capacitor failure, as the Y-type capacitors guarantee. But that's not the end. The capacitance of Y-type capacitors is about two orders less value than value of X-type capacitors. In household appliances, as a rule, they try to put Y-type capacitors with a capacity of no more than 2.2 nF. And the reason for this is the behavior of the device with a broken PE conductor (or in the absence of this conductor in old sockets). Under unfavorable conditions, the output wires of your power supply may carry high voltages relative to grounded objects. Through the 2.2 nF capacitor, you can feel an unpleasant tingling sensation, and 470 nF will make the impedance 220 times less.

[@FesZElectronics]

Hello SaihoS1! Thank you for these observations! Lets take things one by one; The first observation is completely true - I forgot to add the K statement, the 2 inductors L3/4 are not coupled but should be. This was a mistake on my side. I did not really have this in focus, since this is not the main topic addressed. Regarding the second topic, I will try to take the various points one by one. The 470nF is between output GND and PE line. I did not touch the high voltage primary part - the original X, Y caps and CMC are not altered. Between the output GND and high voltage region you still have the transformer isolation. In the absence of a PE connection in the socket, my output is connected to the live wires, but trough my 470nF cap in series with the built in 2.2nF Y caps; so you should only get the unpleasant tingling (not what would happen trough 470nF only). I just took the supply apart to re-check - the original capacitor between output GND and PE are 2x10nF and from output VCC to PE another 10nF all 1KV rated, but not X or Y (no special marking present on them other than the value and voltage rating). The proper Y caps other than being blue have a set of certification markings. The X2 cap is 2500V peak rated and 275AC ( ~380V DC) continuous rated. Not as much as the original 1KV of the ceramics, but worst case, the capacitor gets shorted and the output GND is directly connected to PE line - this should not be a safety problem. In case the circuit connected to the output is at a high voltage AC in reference to PE and the PE is not grounded because of faulty wiring the impedance was increased only ~17 times (470+30/30 nf). Not a nice thing of course, but its less bad as connecting the oscilloscope GND to the output circuit (the osc gnd is directly connected to PE). I'm not sure if you agree to this way of thinking, I may still be wrong of course. Let me know what you think.

[@SaihoS1]

​@@FesZElectronics So, in addition to K, the upper terminal of the capacitor C2Y should be connected to another terminal L4. And now let's look at the main issue. You have provided a link to AN-15. See following IEC950 Definitions (page 5, CAPS LOCK provided by me): (1.2.8.2): Secondary circuit: A circuit which has no direct connection to primary power (except through PROPERLY SELECTED Y-capacitors) and derives its power from a transformer. From this it can be seen that only Y-type capacitor is needed between the primary and secondary part of the circuit. Is PE the primary part of the circuit? I have always considered what it is. Firstly, PE and N are in electrical contact, and N undoubtedly refers to the primary circuit. "The neutral wire will be treated as an ungrounded AC mains or separately phased line conductor requiring the same safety considerations as any AC mains line conductor." (See page 7) Secondary, note the definition of SELV: (1.2.8.5): Safety extra-low voltage (SELV) circuit: A secondary circuit which is so designed and protected that UNDER NORMAL AND SINGLE FAULT CONDITIONS, the voltage between any two accessible parts, or between one accessible part and the equipment protective earthing terminal for class I equipment, does not exceed a safe value. It assumes that the SINGLE FAULT CONDITION will not create a hazard. However, I have already drawn your attention to the case when the voltage on the PE can become dangerous. This is the case when the PE wire loses contact with the real ground (SINGLE FAULT CONDITION - breaking PE wire). In this case, two input Y-type capacitors form a capacitive voltage divider and the voltage across PE becomes equal to half the voltage between L and N. It would seem that there is nothing to worry about since these capacitors have a small capacity, but consider the case when the PE wire is broken not in your device, but for example at the entrance to a large building. And this is a very real situation when the conductor simply rotted in the ground. In such a house, many devices are connected and each has a pair of Y-type capacitors at the input. It turns out that they are all connected in parallel and make up a large capacity. If in your power supply the capacitor between PE and SELV was 1-2.2 nF, then this would not be a problem. But if there is 470 nF, then it can pass a significant current. I do not presume to give a simpler example than a lightning strike, when the 'Peak Impulse Voltage applied before endurance' 5kV for Y2 or 8kV for Y1 can be exceeded. However, such requirements are laid down in the standard. I believe that your power supply did not comply with EU safety standards even before the alteration, since instead of a Y1-type capacitor, a conventional 10nF 1kV capacitor was installed. The Chinese simply saved money. However, their capacitor looks very similar to the correct Y capacitor. Do you think this is a coincidence? Of course, I am not an expert on electrical safety certification either. This is my personal understanding. And this is a subject for discussion.

[@FesZElectronics]

Hello SaihoS1! These are very good points you are making, but rather than discuss the exact legal definitions, I would like to show you some examples: Here is a schematic I found - this is the service manual to an Agilent supply from April 2000 ( sites.fas.harvard.edu/~phys191r/Bench_Notes/A1/agilent_e3610a.pdf ) Page 16 has the schematic, which is quite nice, and page 15 has some of the component values - I would like to point your attention to C4 and C5 connected between output and the PE connection. From a value point of view 100nF the total capacity from output to PE is 200nF so its close to my implementation. From a rating point of view, the manual does only specify "ceramic 500V". These capacitors may be Y class rated though - no proper order code is given. But the point is that with a fairly recent design (from a respected manufacturer), you still have large capacitors between output and PE. I guess there are other schematics with even bigger values, but I just could not find them. Also in the AN-15 document, in figure 40 and 44 you have a capacitor between PE and the secondary (C8) which regardless of value (100pF in Fig 40 or 100nF in fig 44) is not marked X or Y, but all other safety relevant components in the schematic are. Regarding both the lightning strike and building PE line not connected, the worst case is that the extra 470nF is shorted, and the GND is connected to PE or you have leakage current coming from PE. Now for any electronic equipment the has a metal casing, the casing has to be connected to PE (like PC, washing machine, guess even the fridge, and so is the case of the supply - metal outer shell directly connected to PE) - I don't know the exact norm, but you can easily check with a multimeter. So if the PE becomes dangerous, you have some really large surface areas that cause real problems when you grab it - that is far more dangerous than a thin wire coming from a circuit.

[@FesZElectronics]

I guess the biggest safety issue regarding large capacitors between GND and PE is that if there is a voltage difference, the capacitor will charge up, and then its possible to discharge it trough the human body which would cause an unpleasant experience. For that I did place a large resistor (~4Meg) over the capacitor, just so it does not charge easily, and it discharges once the device gets disconnected.

[@SaihoS1]

@@FesZElectronics I am not lost. There was just a lot of work. Please wait until the weekend.

[@glass00jdofiwbskdg]

hah, i have an exact same PSU as you, just have it open right in front of me! how exactly did you hook up your capacitor on the back of that PCB? and just to make sure i get what you did there, you soldered one end to the scope's negative output and is the other just hooked up to that screw(earth)?

[@glass00jdofiwbskdg]

oh and that's a film cap right? any particular voltage rating or cap type you'd reccomend?

[@FesZElectronics]

Well the capacitor (in parallel with an extra 1Meg resistor) is between the ground of the supply and the PE (that is directly connected to the heat sink and that screw). The capacitor is a high voltage 275VAC film type. I guess its an old X capacitor that I recycled.

[@SINHRO-FAZA]

Вот поэтому, что бы не было шума на чувствительных схемах, при их проверке, я использую запитывание от аккумулятора, это позволяет избежать не только шум, но и заморочки с заземлением и высоковольтной частью сети..

[@akkudakkupl]

Shouldn't the common mode choke have it's windings in opposite to each other? As in normal operating current creating opposite fields, but common mode currents creating a common field?

[@arthursilvarthursilv]

Hi, great video, congratulations for putting theory together with practice (and matching them!!) ! One doubt though: how about increasing the impedance on the oscilloscope PE by adding some hundreds uH inductance as well? Wouldn't it reduce PE stray current as well as the choke inside the power supply? Any collateral effects on doing that? Once again: great video! congrats!

[@FesZElectronics]

Hello! Yes, that would also work; I considered adding an inductance also on the PE pin of the power supply (that would keep the noise inside the supply better). I saw this approach in some schematics, but its quite rare. I did not go on this route because it might interfere with the way the supply is filtered; I mean the conducted EMI is supposed to be certified when releasing a mains supplied product. By working on the supply output I did not affect the mains connection on either of my devices.

[@ericksonengineering7011]

Great video, thanks! The point is that the external ground shouldn't affect the supply noise, but in a low cost supply it does. Most quality lab supplies provide a separate Chassis Ground terminal. You can add a cap or a short wire external to the supply to reduce Common mode noise. The best lab supplies also use shielded transformers with one or more copper shields between the primary and secondary. This works for both linear and switching supplies. Unless you are expert at transformer design and fabrication, this is one thing that separates DIY and low-cost lab supplies from the good stuff.

[@user-mj3ef]

Why dont you short the power supply DC ground to the nearest mains earth to route the CM currents back to network before reaching the scope? Is that because ground loops? What is the difference between using a cap like in your case and using just a wire to short? Thanks

[@FesZElectronics]

Hello! Well the closest mains earth is in the power supply already, so that could have been used. The reason why I didn't do that is as you said ground loop trough the oscilloscope. Also the capacitor works at higher frequencies only; my problem is the switching frequency at ~70KHz and harmonics even higher; with the capacitor I am only acting on this part of the spectrum. There main difference that occurs by using the capacitor though is that the power supply circuit is still left floating so if you connect the power supply + pin to the oscilloscope ground you do not get a short circuit. This way also if you have 2 power supplies that you want to connect to get differential voltage (connect the + of one supply to the GND of the other) you will not have problems trough the mains earth.

[@user-mj3ef]

FesZ Electronics Thank you for clarification. Can you make a video just focusing on how to measure CM or DM noise in practice and how to test and verify whether the noise we see is CM or DM? Because if the receiver is diff ended the noise is due to imbalance but in scope or single ended receiver case the noise is due to CM currents passing through DC ground. This is what I believe. It would be great if you can clarify this confusing topic in your way. Just a request thanks for the uploads which both show the theory and practice together.

[@FesZElectronics]

Hello! I will try to make a video about this at some point, I wrote down the topic. The main difference between CM and DM is the way the current closes, and its all a matter of perspective. For a mains powered supply the DM is between the 2 outputs (so something that goes out of +terminal and into -terminal is DM) and CM is something that goes trough both or one of the outputs (+ and - terminal) and returns trough the mains supply either one or all of those pins (N, L and PE). The main use of knowing if its CM or DM is to know what to do about it. Adding a capacitor between terminal + and - can only help with DM, it has no effect on CM since it does not affect the current path. The same way the capacitor I added in the video has no effect on DM. If you have a 2 channel oscilloscope connected to 2 terminal that is capable of doing a Ch1-Ch2 math function the math output will be the DM noise and the individual Ch1 and Ch2 will be the CM on each of the outputs.

[@lambda7652]

Can't you also put ferrite cors one the oscilloscope probe coax?

[@FesZElectronics]

I think that will interfere with the measurement since the proprieties of the cable will change. Also, the problem is not on the oscilloscope side, so there is no point in trying to filter the oscilloscope, its better to filter the actual noisy circuit.

[@gregandark8571]

But what about "active transistor filter" ? Can you show something about this entire chapter ? Thanks you very much !

[@prakashaarakanti1754]

sir plzz help me in reducing the switch node ringing noise at 28v to 5v DC DC step down converter output , this noise is effecting mu circuit badly plzz help me in reducing this noise i am using GAIA DC DC Converter

[@amirsadri9553]

It would be nice if you could share the LTSpice files (saves viewers some time to create them). It would also be nice to add one-time donation to your sponsorship/patronage options great job!

[@grzesiek1x]

what supprises me a lot is when I have bought recently a cheap chinese power supply there was a lot of noise and ripples etc. and then i have built my own supply (only oryginal components) and I was shocked NO riplles, NO noise just really clean voltage without any problems (I have compared both on my oscilloscope) and I have compared third one I have bought and my own power supply was the best !! I was really surprised how stable it was! Hmm I am not sure why it is like this but I suspect my transformer which is quite good, powerfull and new (old school Polish production)

[@FesZElectronics]

I would ask if all the supplies where the same type? Usually linear converters are far less noisy than switching converters - for example in my supply that I was testing, most of the noise was occurring because it was a switching converter.. Anyway congratulations on making the least noisy supply! I guess that benchtop supplies are some of the few things that can actually be made better than the commercially available ones.

[@grzesiek1x]

@@FesZElectronics Yes the same type - mine and others just normal linear power supplies (1 of 3 was defectiv with faulty or damaged potentiometer and probably capasitor but another one was ok). Thank you :) I wonder also visibly my power supply looks better on the oscilloscope but what I have noticed that my PSU has Vpp like 600 mV but I don't see it (I mean I see almost straight line with my PSU even when changing time division etc. Anyway it looks and for sure is more stable than commercial ones (maybe because in my psu I don't care about final prise so I put everything I need to make it work..)

[@FesZElectronics]

Indeed, in commercial products, every corner that can be cut, will be... so if you spend just a little bit more on better quality components you will be surprised with the results you can obtain.

[@copernicofelinis]

Just saw two videos and I already subscribed to your channel. Why don't you add a link to the spice files used in the videos, so that we can play with them when we watch?

[@FesZElectronics]

Hello! I usually provide simulation or other related video files as patron only content.

[@maksymkloka7819]

A quick one ... what if instead, you disconnected PE on the oscilloscope side.

[@FesZElectronics]

you should obtain the same result - it doesn't matter where you brake the PE loop.

[@stevenbliss989]

Love your well researched and planned out videos! :) Love the professional looking video presentations, really nice! :) ...btw what video editor do you use to make it all so nice?

[@LydellAaron]

Conclusion, almost always add de-coupling capacitors and common-mode chokes on power systems?

[@FesZElectronics]

If you need low noise, and especially if the supply is "switch mode" type - then most often you will need filtration. But of course "low noise" is a relative term, there is no universal solution.

[@LydellAaron]

@@FesZElectronics excellent point that noise is relative and that switching supplies will always have a level of noise. Thank you.

[@Boehoehuahoei]

my outlets don't even have PE. So, no tape is needed... and I am safe...

[@mr1enrollment]

Now retired EE. I would have hired you.

[@jifangzhang2832]

If the solution is so simple, why don't the companies do it before selling?

[@FesZElectronics]

I guess its a combination of 2 factors - every extra component costs - especially this power supply is a low cost one, so price is critical; second is compliance - if the design is compliant with legislation needs, why bother doing something better. If you want to make a very low noise, high performance powers supply, it will not be cheap :D

[@tubeDude48]

The scope has a high voltage when connected to a device that has ground. So theirs a 'noise/high voltage' issue. There are 2 ways to fix this. 1) Add the *Earth* *Ground* to the scope. 2) Better yet, change to a *Linear* *Power* *Supply!*

[@FesZElectronics]

Well the scope already has an EG connection, I pointed that out during the video. Changing to a linear bench supply would work in this particular case, but the root problem is common to any mains supplied SMPS, or in other words any modern supply. The main point of the exercise was to understand the noise generated by this type of supply and what see what are the ways of simulating and fixing it.