First Microcomputer OS: CP/M - Computerphile

[@TDGalea]

Gary Killdall was great on Computer Chronicles. Absolutely loved watching him and the rest on the show.

[@michaeldim1]

RIP Gary Killdall

[@DimensionDude]

One of the last iterations of CP/M was CP/M 68K, developed for the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. It was the native operating system of the ill-fated Dimension 68000, the logo for which I have adopted as my avatar. It bears no relationship whatsoever to the Dell Dimension line of PCs.

[@peteranderson037]

That's not exactly what happened. Microsoft originally had no intention of supplying an OS to IBM. When IBM asked Microsoft to provide an OS for them, Bill Gates directed them to Digital Research which was working on a 16 bit port of CP/M at that time. IBM then went to Digital Research to negotiate a license for the 16 bit version of CP/M. What happened next changes depending on who you ask or which source you read, but suffice to say that IBM did not go with CP/M. Bill Gates became nervous that IBM might leave the personal computer market entirely and, in a panic, told IBM that they could provide an OS for them after all. The only problem was that they actually didn't. What they did have was knowledge of another 16 bit port of CP/M that was being written by company called Seattle Computer Products. SCP called the port QDOS, which stood for Quick and Dirty Operating System. Microsoft bought QDOS, which they renamed MS-DOS for MicroSoft Disc Operating System, for a paltry $25,000. Microsoft never informed SCP of why they were purchasing QDOS because they were already under a non-disclosure agreement with IBM for other products that Microsoft was supplying them for their PC. Microsoft then informed IBM that they had an OS to use instead of Digital Research's 16 bit CP/M. However, instead of selling the rights for MS-DOS to IBM, Microsoft would license a copy to IBM for each PC that they made and would bundle it in with the computer. This allowed Microsoft to sell MS-DOS to the IBM PC clones that appeared in the years after its release. The rest, as they say, is history.

[@rasz]

DOS and CP/M prices were directly controlled by suppliers (MS, DR). Kildall didnt feel like "giving his software away for free", plus he didnt believe PC market would grow sufficiently to make money charging double digits. Kildall became millionaire by charging $300 per OS license, and wasnt going to change his ways, Bill Gates was just a better businessman. And whats that BS about copying CP/M code? system calls having same function number, and same/similar name as in CP/M is NOT copying code, its copying API, someone working for UNI should know these things :/

[@scarface_deb]

yeah, I read about MS early history not too long ago, and I noticed that video seems a bit biased against MS too.

[@arcanescroll]

It wasn't just the names, it was exact code. The names were changed but the code was the same. That is what they were talking about. Research next time please.

[@youtubasoarus]

I wonder if Microsoft would ever have existed in the way we know them now had they not got that deal with IBM. Think about it, all those licenses... all that revenue. Failing that, would Microsoft have had the capital in its earlier years to then develop what would later become windows? Crazy.

[@peteranderson037]

youtubasoarus I imagine that they would be akin to something like Adobe is now, primarily subsisting off of Office revenue. Definitely a player, but not the terrifying juggernaut that it turned into.

[@briandecker8403]

Computerphile you are much better than this! Gary did not pass until 1994 - and despite the Microsoft debacle Digital Research continued to revenues in the hundreds of millions of dollars throughout the 80's. Gary went on to develop Concurrent DOS, the file protocols that were the basis for CD-ROM technology, core technology for wireless connectivity and ultimately sold Digital Research to Novell for $120 million. His estate was valued in excess of $300 million when he passed - while not the billions of Gates he was hardly a nobody.

[@another3997]

Brian Decker What DR did and what Gary Kildall did are two different things. Steve Jobs co-founded Apple, then he was fired from Apple, but Apple went on. Jobs came back, Apple went on. Jobs died, Apple goes on. Apple was not just Steve Jobs. DR was not just Gary Kildall. He wasn't a one man band. No-one suggested Kildall was a "nobody", just that opportunities were missed, only to be grabbed by Bill Gates. History books are full of such stories. Microsoft has always bought it's ideas from outside and absorbed or squashed the competition with unfair practices.

[@gwenynorisu6883]

Well,there is maybe the addendum that DR went on to create GEM, which could be argued did what Apple did with MacOS, just with much less load on the host system, and overall slightly earlier (though its best known use is on the Atari ST, so, slightly after the Mac launched). Which ended in ignomy and quite a bit of unfairness for all but the Atari licensed version when Apple saw the PC version of GEM and decided to sue the pants off DR ... even though they'd been working on the system for at least as long if not longer, and ultimately it could be claimed both of them were essentially cribbing from the same Xerox sourcebook. Said court case ending up with all non-sublicensed versions of GEM being, by law, heavily crippled in the windowing department (no more than two simultaneous windows, with no overlapping, which was murderous for a lot of the system's best applications) and essentially killed off thanks to MS Windows coming along and ripping off both GEM and MacOS (but not being sued by Apple because Microsoft Word was one of the Mac's best selling applications and a strong driver for sales of the system itself), and on top of that being a natural match for MSDOS. So maybe what drove Gary to drink wasn't just being kerbstomped by Microsoft's IBM-facilitated low dealing in a way that wouldn't be legally rectified until a decade after his death, but by having it happen twice, the second time even with the approval of a poorly-informed court of law, stripping away the cash-cow killer app that should have succeeded on the newer generation of home and office micros in a way that CP/M86 and 68 never really did. (I mean, heck, I've ever got a copy of CPM68 that came inamongst the boxes of discs with my ST, and a full official copy at that... I can't find anything useful to do with it, and really it seems bizarre launching it from a GEM system unless you've already got lots of cherished 1970s apps on hand to run with it;most other contemporary machines either eschew the command line completely, stick to BASIC, or have either MSDOS or some idiosyncratic DOS of their own. It's pretty much just the Amstrad PCW that has any kind of CPM for it that I can think of.... and that's rather more of a shrunk-down 1970s word processing focussed micro than anything else). . And then seeing Microsoft once again take their rightful place on the PC-and-compatibles platform. I mean, DR did mount something of a cheeky rearguard attack, coming up with PC-DOS which was a pretty flagrant and almost 100% compatible rip-off of MS-DOS (but presumably using as much original CPM code as they could get away with, thus being able to claim that the innards were all their own making and any cross-compatibility was down to Microsoft's own plagiarism-by-proxy), that they sold for an even lower price than the default option as the budget choice for anyone building a computer from scratch and wanting to put a legit OS on it rather than an endlessly copied version of MSDOS (and indeed Windows), and even convinced some OEM system builders to use it as the default low-cost preinstalled OS with the Microsoft option being more expensive. Sadly they never did come up with a replacement GUI...

[@RobertJohnson-lb3qz]

I was under the impression that Gary also made DR-DOS. Is this the case?

[@TheJamesM]

I don't know much about CP/M, but if I'm not mistaken it's probably partially responsible for the place the backslash character has in the public consciousness today. As I understand it, CP/M (or at least the version DOS was based on) didn't have a directory structure. Commands could take arguments, and these were introduced by a slash character. DOS followed this format closely (or ripped it off, if you prefer). When DOS 2 came around, they wanted to introduce a directory structure like what was available in Unix. Unix used a dash to introduce command arguments and the slash as its directory separator, but wanting to avoid compatibility problems with CP/M and the earlier version of DOS, Microsoft offered the visually similar backslash as an alternative. The backslash isn't a character that exists naturally in any human language, but was originally included on some keyboards as something that could be combined with a slash to form a the logical AND and OR symbols ∧ and ∨. It was included in the ASCII standard, but probably would otherwise have remained a relatively obscure character outside of serious computing. Cut forward a few years, and Windows has taken over the world. Millions of people use it and are exposed to countless backslashes every day. Gradually confusion sets in, and people start to refer to the traditional slash character as a "forward slash". Others start confusing the backslash for a regular slash and use it in sentence text, saying things like "this\that". Then along comes the World Wide Web, and suddenly people have to contend with both slashes and backslashes in logical paths. Some people put backslashes in URLs; others just refer to the slashes as backslashes. Web browsers are programmed to automaticallu convert one to the other, and on and on. It's a mess, and you can trace it back to a few pragmatic decisions stemming from the seemingly small, innocuous and arbitrary decision all that time ago, to use the slash as the symbol for command arguments in CP/M. (To be fair, backslash nonsense has probably passed its peak now, with the Web probably having more influence on most people than any OS, and mobile device software keyboards hiding the backslash away with symbols not commonly required in human communication. Still, I think it's a fascinating case of cause and effect.)

[@okaro6595]

CP/M had no directory structure do the backslash did not come there. DOS 1.0 was essentially a copy of CP/M. DOS 2.0 was heavily influenced by UNIX. They changed slashes to back slashes as slashed already were used as command switches. Internally DOS understand also slashes.

[@CODMarioWarfare]

The point that James is trying to make here is that CP/M used the slash for command-line switches, a relatively meaningless decision that led to a series of unintended consequences, culminating into massive confusion about backslashes.

[@TheJamesM]

CODMarioWarfare Exactly. My point was that _because_ CP/M doesn't have a directory structure, and _because_ DOS initially copied it, but then retrofitted Unix-like features including that, it was left in want of a separator character. CP/M did nothing wrong, but that single decision painted DOS into a corner later down the line. It's true that DOS and Windows actually do support slashes as the directory separator, too, though I wouldn't be surprised if some software doesn't handle that properly (if they do their own path handling rather than using API calls, for example). Despite the confusion it eventually caused, I think it made sense to choose the backslash as the default (i.e. what is used when the system displays a path to the user); using the same character for both purposes would have doubtless confused users. It's just unfortunate that the decision later lead to even greater (albeit relatively harmless) confusion.

[@peppybocan]

That in the background ...

[@Shadow81989]

well spotted!

[@arvizturotukorfurogep6235]

The right > character is uneven and it bothers me, can't ignore it.

[@nigelkingsley-lewis534]

I understood that MS Dos was based on QDOS (quick and dirty operating system) which was basically a rip off of CPM.

[@maniakaz]

As someone who still has (and uses, for fun) CP/M machine (Kaypro) I was hoping for more about CP/M itself.

[@BlankBrain]

My only contact with CP/M was embedded in a very early Xerox laser printer. Xerox ran a proprietary printing language on top of it. The company I worked for at the time had a large amount of code that included hard-coded Xerox printing instructions. When the Xerox printers were no longer maintainable, I found a vendor that supplied a product to convert Xerox printer streams to HP PCL via a PC front-end. This worked for several years until all the Xerox-infused software was replaced in a Y2K push.

[@gwenynorisu6883]

That's a nice touch of irony given that DR's second great white hope was GEM, heavily influenced by... the Xerox PARC workstations, themselves pioneers of easy access laser printing.

[@okaro6595]

When I was in school in the early 80s we had a Televideo CP/M machine. It had the main computer that handled disks and two work stations that actually run the programs. It could support up to six work stations. The main unit had a 10 MB hard disk and a 320 KB floppy drive. The system with the software was about 40000 € in current money. Floppy disks at the time were something like 14 € in current money.

[@B1G_Dave]

Gary deserves his own video. Along side McAfee, he's a fascinating character.

[@potentiallyRealWarrenGraham]

I need subtitles for that guy

[@richardtwyning]

Gary Kildall has always been a hero of mine. Such a tragic way he died. Bill Gates was an amateur at the side of Gary Kildall. Really enjoyed watching the Computer Chronicles recently after discovering them on KZbin.

[@PhilMace]

I worked with CPM. It had a big down side in the way it stored files that dos over came. That is why we moved to dos. Much better file storage structure. I think each section of CPM took a file. The next file saved. Required a new alocatio so the storage was not utilized in cpm.

[@JasonNaas]

Hey Brits, does he have a cold or just a crazy accent? He sounds like Jonathan Ross with the flu.

[@salerio61]

He sounds.like he has a cold. Or could be like me with a broken nose in the past

[@MIKIEC71]

It's a southern English accent - yes, it sounds like this.

[@Helllllllsing]

He has an piercing in his tung.

[@another3997]

MIKIEC71 That's a really silly statement. If you think everyone in southern England sounds like that, you need your hearing tested.

[@jeanbonnefoy1377]

recalling dear memories of my first word processor computer (an Olivetti ETV 500 with two 5"1/4 floppy drives) running on cp/m 1.4 then upgraded to cp/m 2.2... twas in april 84! I remember there was an upgraded version of that os, called mp/m, used for networking. Some two years later, Olivetti swapped to DOS (2.11 was my first version of it, the first able to accommodate the new Sony 3"1/2 floppy format). DR-DOS then MS-DOS were in fact a sort of "mirror universe" copy of CP/M, meaning that the main difference simply was in the inverted syntax (like copy B: A: meaning copy A: B:) but the main command lines (dir, copy, del, format, etc. were strictly the same!

[@kewakl8891]

this guy sounds like he has a massive nasal blockage. I hope that he gets over it.

[@АлександрМорженко-поэткаменног]

oviously he `s a londoner. they all speak this way

[@mikeymcmikeface5599]

Very hard to understand him.

[@dcc1165]

Love the Novell shirt!!! ;)

[@lohphat]

The TRS-80 had CP/M releases too and the native TRSDOS took cues from CP/M for its commands and file naming conventions.

[@mikeklaene4359]

Microsoft was notorious for selling what they did not have. Once sold, they would scramble to get something to deliver. My first PC came with both CP/M and MS-DOS 2.0 - only the MS-DOS supported the 10 mb hard disk. It was from a company called Columbia Data Products. Instead of the ROM based version of BASIC it had a ROM based debugger that could be activated via 'CTRL+SHIFT+INS' - for a programmer doing stuff in 8086 assembler is was a fantastic feature.

That TADA68 in the background is beautiful.

[@pkparks65]

Yet when creating CP/M, Gary Kildall was influenced by Digital Equipment Corporation's earlier minicomputer OS offerings. Back in the depths of time I used RT-11 and much of CP/M is very similar. There's nothing new under the sun 🙂

[@paulwratt]

MS-DOS v1 is call compatible with CP/M 2.2, which is why the 8-bit version (MSX-DOS v1 not v2) can run CP/M binaries unchanged.

[@tech34756]

It would be interesting to see a more detailed video in using CP/M, coming from someone born long after the CP/M era. Also, anyone interested in Gary, or this channel, may be interested in Computer Chronicles which is uploaded on KZbin and he co-hosted.

[@johncrwarner]

The first non-mainframe computer I used at college in the early 1980s was a cp/m machine which was used for writing up theses.

[@tyrgoossens]

It seems that most of the advantages touted here for CP/M were things IBM couldn't care less about like compatibility and portability to other machines. Sure from an enthousiast perspective that's interesting but from an IBM suit's pov incompatibility might actually have been a plus.

[@Californiansurfer]

I remember my first ibm clone pc 1987 , I built it and DOS was my first program ,tree, file sharing. Then bought dbase, lotus 123, WordPerfect . I still remember working at Santa Fe energy , we needed a hard drive 20mg bytes 2,000 dollars. Wow, today

[@GradyBroyles]

I had CP/M on a ... wait for it... Commodore 64 in 1983. It was a cartridge.

[@R.-.]

The C64 was a 6510 machine, so presumably popular z80 / 8080 CP/M software wouldn't run unless it was cross-compiled for the 6510?

[@GradyBroyles]

It was a hardware cartridge that plugged into the C64 catrige slot. It was slightly larger physically than the typical game cartridges. google "cp/m cartridge c64" I'm guessing it was a SOC

[@GradyBroyles]

see how hip I was? It was so rare, even super geeky people are STILL surprised to find out that such a thing existed on essentially a hobby computer in 1983 :-D

[@gregorymalchuk272]

@@GradyBroyles Yeah, but what could you do on a CPM Commodore 64.

[@GradyBroyles]

@@gregorymalchuk272 C64's never came with CP/M. Commodore 64's had no OS.

[@meganjperry9489]

I remember cp/m very well. Used it often at the time, and ed... I think pip meant something like peripheral interchange program. You had to specify destination drive 1st and source second. When dos was used it was the other way around which always caught me out. Just remembered some other apps back then like cardbox for storing data, wordstar. The 1st proper computers i worked on while at Extel Company were DMS ones, Digital Microsystems, I think they used 8080 cpu, then i think 8086 which was an 8 or 16 bit version? They could be linked by a cabled network to the main computer (rs422 network from memory). Replaced many an rs422 DMS driver chip, 1488 and 1489 comes straight to mind. Must have replaced 1000s to remember that number all these years on lol. I think it was called hinet 5 back then. Ibm had there own network around that time, token ring I think. Eventually ethernet came along and won the fight. Just remembered the DMS816 workstation, and DMS 3B comes to mind. I think that was 8 bit only.

[@matthehat]

I need to dig out my RC2014 again and do stuff with it

[@bamdadkhan]

okay what is that 65% keyboard on the desk? : )

[@arvizturotukorfurogep6235]

Wait what!? The court found that code parts were taken from CPM/M in DOS? Where did you get that? Recently (about five years ago) it was all over the tech news sites that the code of the two OS was compared with an AI and it found that no code was stolen!

[@clangerbasher]

PIP - Peripheral Interchange Program

[@BruceGrembowski]

I had to re--write some of the PIP commands in BASIC-PLUS-2 when we had a problem with RT11 not running.

[@clangerbasher]

Wow. :)

[@BruceGrembowski]

We got a new PDP-11/44 ~1986, and it would crash every time we ran a command that invoked the rt11 libraries, and that included some of the PIP options, like copying a file. It made software development impossible. Fortunately, the bug didn't affect BASIC, so I was able to write a BASIC program to implement some OS commands and allow us to work. DEC later figured out it was a bug in their software. The workaround was to tell the system we had an RP06/07 had when running sysgen to generate the SIL (Saved Image Library). Fun times.

[@BruceGrembowski]

*RP06/07 HDD

[@clangerbasher]

Back in 86 I was writing COBOL on a PDP-11 and then the year after we has a new baby VAX. :)

[@simonstrandgaard5503]

Usually I can playback Computerphile videos 2x speed, but this video in particular is difficult to understand. I had to play this video at normal speed and I still had trouble making sense of what he is saying. Maybe it can help having more direct light on the persons face, so that the face movements becomes more visible. Great story.

[@gwenynorisu6883]

So what is that tiny little backplane-based boilwashed-S100 computer running that there version of CP/M-Z80? (CP/Z?) It looks interesting enough for a video of its own.

[@Computerphile]

Follow the link about Spencer in the description

[@JohnDCrafton]

This guy needs more cubes.

[@raymondlugo9960]

Gary had a draft of his autobiography floating around the Internet years ago. Maybe it's still floating around out there.

[@markzucc3277]

I am watching this on a microcomputer

[@davids5a2]

Why not 7 segment LED?

[@pleasedontwatchthese9593]

All you in the comments are silly. A modern phone/desktop/pc is a microcomputer, or any computer really that's smaller than a refrigerator.

[@jamesslick4790]

PleaseDontWatchThese I think it was supposed to be silly, Unless someone is watching this on a mainframe or a supercomputer. I tried watching it on my Univac, but even the best line printer can't keep up with HD.

[@markzucc3277]

James Slick I’m not silly

[@jamesslick4790]

Mark Z U C C The real Zucc don't need no stinking computer, The data is implanted in his "head".

[@johnfenske7764]

Quite a dark turn at the end there...

[@cpcnw]

What is the model of the grey / white keyboard?

[@jrherita]

Upvote for positive words about the awesome Gary Kildall!

[@joao.mambelli]

That beard tho, so graceful

[@АлександрМорженко-поэткаменног]

Привет ! А можете про историю CP/м снять ? откуда у нее ноги ростут. как делали etc

[@deltadom33]

Blueray vs HDDVD may be a better analogy as some kids do not know what a video tape is !

[@stensoft]

Blu-Ray is slightly better than HD DVD so the analogy of worse but cheaper winning isn't there

[@deltadom33]

Jan Sten Adámek even this maybe an out of date analogy

[@okaro6595]

I recall they made a deal in the mid 80s where Microsoft paid something like a million dollars and Digital Research got a right to make its own DOS. In fact DR was the first company to sell DOS to end users. I still have a copy of DR-DOS 5.0 from 1990.

[@RobertJohnson-lb3qz]

I have a copy of DR-DOS on cd-rom. I was so fascinated with the Gary Kildall story that when I came across a DR-DOS book and disk I couldn’t help myself. I had to purchase it. When I got home I took a spare hd and tried to install the OS and I got an error message that I needed to modify a file to install it. Oh well...

[@Colidace]

We want something about AMIGA :)

[@cpcnw]

I would like more on the hardware you are running CP/M on please :)

[@spoddie]

Why is this guy repeatedly blowing kisses?

[@d34d10ck]

And now we know who we have to blame for the 260 character limit for directories in Windows :) It's still a cp/m relic that MS still wasn't able to fully get rid of because of compatibility issues.

[@rasz]

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\FileSystem LongPathsEnabled done

[@DeakBrenan]

I love the Novell sweatshirt - do the history of Novell - (8 million times better than Windows NT).

[@rabidbigdog]

Through the power of Google, I can't find the 2002 court ruling mentioned? Tim Patterson has continuously denied directly copy/pasting CP/M bits for QDOS.

[@TheStevenWhiting]

Its a crime what they did to Gary. Enjoy watching him on Computer Chronicles.

[@rogerwilco2]

I thought the guy had a really weird speech impediment until I noticed what seems to be a tongue piercing. Also, you could run WordStar and many other programs on CP/M I have an Olivetti PX-8, it's quite a cool CP/M machine.

[@cadjs]

I thought the PX-8 was produced by Epson. At least it was when I was selling then in the 80s.

[@ativjoshi1049]

nice cubes u got there

[@Scribblersys]

Hey, another Pebble owner!

[@lawrencedoliveiro9104]

Would you trust mission-critical business functions to an OS that can only handle 26 drive letters?

[@nockieboy]

Lawrence D’Oliveiro Nowadays? No. Back in the 70's and early 80's? Definitely. And companies did.

[@lawrencedoliveiro9104]

Windows still has that limit.

[@Hauketal]

Lawrence D’Oliveiro But now drive letters are just a thin layer of shortcuts around the real drive names used internally. There is a much higher limit there.

[@lawrencedoliveiro9104]

But none of the software will recognize it.

[@Hauketal]

Lawrence D’Oliveiro No application software has to recognize it. The file selector knows how to use it, and everything else just has to move text strings around.

[@AliMirjamali]

0:15 I would use the analogy that CP/M is Betamax whereas DOS is VHS Young teenager: What does that mean? Me: OK. CP/M is 5.25 inch floppy whereas DOS is 3.5 inch floppy. Young teenager: What is a floppy? Is it that weird save icon which is in file menu? Me: OK. CP/M is HD-DVD whereas DOS is Blu-Ray Young teenager looking at his/her disk-less laptop with only solid storage. Me: Nevermind

[@dcgenunix2945]

Ali Mirjamali Brilliant. You can imagine the frustration of trying to teach programming to a generation with no concept of computing machines nor the attention span required.

[@0LoneTech]

Feel free to start out with something like Turing Tumble :)

[@MrFathead]

I always found it strange that ibm didn't just make their own os. It wasn't very ibm like to outsource something so important.

[@scality4309]

They would have missed out on the 'home' computing market. In the beginning they did not believe that people would actually buy and use computers in their home. IBM was still focused on the business mainframes market.

[@mrmimeisfunny]

Gary Kildall is probably the second most unlucky OS writer after Terry A. Davis. Also his name sounds like a Phoenix Wright mass murderer. (A pun on "Gary Killed All")

[@rino19ny]

we all know that. we want a video on cp/m

[@garretthart4883]

A fellow pebble time user!!!

[@jamesdecross1035]

What a frustratingly sad story.

[@jasont80]

The Novell shirt. XD

[@mikehosken4328]

I use CP/M on my Apple//e with a Microsoft Z80 card.

[@Simrasil_]

CP/eb

[@noelwalterso2]

I heard that there was a Motorola 68000 version called CPM68K that was the basis for TOS on the Atari ST. Anyone know if that is true.

[@nockieboy]

There's definitely a 68000 version of CP/M. You can still download pretty much all the versions of CP/M if you Google them. Don't know about it forming the basis of TOS though, so can't comment on that.

[@skullleader-hw9hi]

@@nockieboy No TOS was not based on CPM. DR like CP/M x86 was delayed. What they did provide was GEM and VDI

[@jasonwalding9402]

The reality is that cpm was ahead of microßoft

[@andljoy]

That keyboard , nice 65% layout . Wondering what it is? Some cherry kit i would guess. ( the modern one that it)

[@Thanatos2996]

Andrew Joy he said it was an original cherry keyboard in the endcard.

[@ImmaKECE]

Prolly TADA68/SABER68

[@MaxQ10001]

So many errors in this. That beta was so much better but people chose cheap, is a nice story. But that's what it is: a story, a myth. VHS has a much better and simpler tape mechanism, room for more tape and many other things making it a better format than beta. The story of how MS DOS ended up on the PC is also not accurate. This video should be remade or just deleted.

[@noidea91]

Nice beard

[@channame_rus7450]

Sad that no subtitles!!! Much more, my native lang is russian.

[@adrianbs0]

That's a TADA68 isn't it?

[@vanhetgoor]

Let it be said that there are numerous copy cats in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

[@RonJohn63]

0:14 DOS is like CP/M!!!!

[@AcornElectron]

Can’t you vette your pre video adverts? The one I got served is shocking. And what happened to Gary? Bill killed him ... sort of.

[@johnvonhorn2942]

Dude, how bad was the pre-vid?

[@Lion_McLionhead]

The industry can feel like it's ripping you off, but most of us accept the lower risk of somewhat steady paychecks in exchange for someone else taking the risk of losing everything by investing in the tiny chance of getting unlimited royalties.

[@grantbanstead1971]

Is it like DOS? No - DOS is like CP/M

[@vxcvbzn]

Garry killed all...

[@JimFortune]

For our younger viewers, videotape is a way of recording and playing back TV shows.

[@totalermist]

What's a "TV show"? Is this like Netflix or YT?

[@whatthefunction9140]

If you have a sinus infection just postpone filming for a week!

[@MilanVVVVV]

Man thats just depressing

[@YouB3anz]

This guy reminds me of the guy who will one shot you after taking one step into the north

[@TGC40401]

We always have to strike a balance between freeware and exploitative business practices.

[@PauloConstantino167]

This man's accent is bizarre... :)

[@Drumtariano]

This guy sounds like a Fable NPC

[@MrRobbyvent]

Hey please someone make subs ... this guy's accent is a challenge.

[@izzieb]

CP/M could have dominated but Gary decided to put leisure before a meeting with IBM.

[@Landrew0]

Win some, lose some, but Gary could have gone after it more aggressively. Bill Gates certainly did.

[@vorrnth8734]

As far as I know Gary did not even know that it was IBM who was coming. Bill Gates did not tell him because of a nda with IBM.

[@davidbonner4556]

@@vorrnth8734 IBM was scheduled to be at Digital Research on Monday but showed up on Friday, a day that Kildall normally took off for his flying lessons. I believe they called and were told he was out and IBM insisted they "get him back in" but Kildall refused. As was mentioned, at the time he was the OS king of microprocessing and in his view IBM still made "Dinosaur" mainframes.

[@kewakl8891]

you cannot talk about cp/m -vs- dos without talking about bill gates' deviousness.

[@matteopascoli]

This guy looks great, but I’m sorry I didn’t understand a word. Never had any problems on this channel, but I guess I’m not attuned to Edglish. 🤧

[@SonderGerardLovesMusic]

He has a thick accent

[@Lolwutdesu9000]

He didn't blow his nose

[@txd]

And a tongue piercing.

[@adityasanthanam1945]

MS-DOS basically copied CP/M.

[@RoyNBarlow]

Does this guy still have serious nasal congestion to this day?

[@Ur11]

Ming the merciless , Wheres Flash ? ahh ahh ..

[@drasticfred]

The guy cant breath through his nose.

[@another3997]

Peace PL Some people have problems with nasal cavities, congestion and the like. It's something I'm sure he has no control over. I'm betting you have physical defects and exhibit 'odd' behaviours too. Does it matter?

[@johnjon1823]

PIP !

[@mikeymcmikeface5599]

Bad video. Not really about CP/M.