Forgotten Wars - The Roman Invasion of Scotland ⚔️ ALL PARTS (79-84 AD)

All parts of our series on the Roman Invasion of Scotland! Get Symphony of the Sojourn today! www.amazon.com/dp/B0CT89VR14?...
In this history documentary series we explore the campaigns of Agricola, the general who led the Roman Invasion of Scotland. We begin with an overview of the Roman conquest of Britannia. In these matters, we cover the role of young Agricola who was present at the Battle of Watling Street against Boudicca. We then see how he slowly rose through the ranks until coming to lead the legions in Britannia and being tasked with a new expedition to tame the north. The ensuing campaign sees a few pitched battles which devolve into running guerila battles and resistance movements from the Scottish tribes. These ultimately culminate in a final confrontation at the Battle of Mons Graupius in 83 AD. This clash would feature a massive army of tribesmen and their war chariots led by Calgacus. Against them stood General Agricola with four legions and several cohorts of auxiliaries.
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--Timestamps--
00:00 Intro
01:46 Context
03:33 Rise of Agricola
06:45 Governor of Britannia
08:16 War on the Ordivices
10:03 Invasion of Scotland
12:56 Ambush of the 9th Legion
15:05 March into Caledonia
16:58 Battle of Mons Graupius
19:52 Army Deployments
21:07 Opening Moves
22:44 Fight on the Flanks
24:14 Caledonian Reserves
25:53 Aftermath of the Battle
27:09 Circumnavigation Mission
28:33 Fate of Caledonia
30:34 Outro
--Sources and Suggested Reading--
Primary Sources
Tacitus, Agricola
Cassius Dio, Roman History
Secondary Sources
“Mons Graupius: AD 83” by Duncan B. Campbell
“Boudicca’s Rebellion: AD 60-61” by Nic Fields
“Britannia: AD 43” by Nic Fields
“Roman Britain: A New History” by Guy de la Bedoyere
“A History of Roman Britain” by Peter Salway
“Agricola: Architect of Roman Britain” by Simon Turney
“The Roman Army of the Principate 27 BC - AD 117” by Nic Fields
“The Complete Roman Legions” by Nigel Pollard & Joanne Berry
“Blood of the Provinces: The Roman Auxilia and the Making of Provincial Society from Augustus to the Severans” by Ian Haynes
“The Complete Roman Army” by Adrian Goldsworthy
“In The Name Of Rome: The Men Who Won The Roman Empire” by Adrian Goldsworthy
--Credits--
Research = Eric TenWolde
Script = Eric TenWolde
Narration = Invicta
Art = Penta Limited
#history
#documentary
#military

[@InvictaHistory]

I've enjoyed covering these forgotten campaigns on the edges of the "known world". What other such wars of expedictions would you like us to explore next?

[@Ace-cr9qt]

Love your videos I hope you guys upload more fantasy

[@MarcusAgrippa390]

It's not a war of expeditions, but I'd like to see your take on the Roman governors/generals in Britannia that would rebel and take all the Legions stationed there with them and march on Rome. (Although most never made it that far) Thus they had a massive amount of men which was easily able to be a threat to Rome. Albinus was the first or one of the first I believe, during the reign of Septimius Severus but others did the same in later times. Cheers!

[@vardekpetrovic9716]

Except the wars agains Calgarcas, not a single large scale war against the Caledonii was recorded. I find that strange. Granted that the romans wanted nothing up there, and occupying it would have been a net drain. But why stop at the south like they did.... grain production in the lowlands would easily been enough to be profitable for the empire. Same with parts of germany and karpathia, they could not take it even though they tried.

[@paranoidandroid7718]

Completely agree. This may be the most overused/ least understood word in current parlance. At least on history channels.

[@oldfrend]

campaigns of the early roman republic! i've always been curious how a tiny little tribe of latins expanded to make the Med a roman lake.

[@keegobricks9734]

I'd make a joke when you said their army was decimated, but only like, 1 in 10 people would get it.

[@lukelg1560]

Lol. That's some nice and niche wordplay.

[@thepatriot6966]

🤣

[@jaybberwocky]

I immediately clocked this and thought "Oh, that was decent of them."

[@kennethknoppik5408]

That's pretty good

[@briantarigan7685]

Alright, that's a pretty good one

[@AKbamoida]

The fact the maps on this channel even use the historically accurate coastlines is impressive attention to detail.

[@zippyparakeet1074]

Could you please elaborate on this? I'm not as aware of British geography.

[@AKbamoida]

@zippyparakeet1074 Several parts of the coastline (mostly marshy parts) have been reclaimed from the sea since. It's most noticeable here in the central Netherlands and in "the Wash", which is the large bay just above East Anglia on the East Coast of England, which is now a lot smaller.

[@alvaropulido5245]

@@AKbamoida you my friend are knowledging all of us with that reply

[@user-qd9oz6el9b]

If that is true why is the Atlantic labeled the Pacific on the map ?

[@Gubbinsmcbumbersnoot]

@@user-qd9oz6el9b I thought you were trolling, but no. It’s true, the Atlantic is indeed labeled as the pacific lmao

[@OptimusMaximusNero]

2:50 It's quite hilarious how many British productions are obsessed with Boudica and portray her revolution as one of the most significant moments in Roman history, when the Empire was constantly fighting barbarian rebellions as violent and important as hers 😅

[@NathanDudani]

and they got Slaughtered

[@Christian___]

lol are you German?

[@OptimusMaximusNero]

@@Christian___ No, iberian

[@jackalope07]

"you've taken everything from me" "i don't even know who you are"

[@Christian___]

@@OptimusMaximusNero Ah okay, that's not so hypocritical then maybe lol :) I was just going to say the whole modern German cultural identity is founded on Herman/Arminius. In France too, you can't go ten feet without bumping into a statue of Vercingetorix or various other Gauls! Don't they have a statue to Viriathus in Zamora though?

[@Hess512]

I mean the IX legion literally disappears from Roman records shortly after this campaign. They were probably so badly mauled that the powers that be eventually decided to merge them into another legion rather than reconstitute them. They just vanish without a trace, without any Roman commanders even being blamed for their loss. No excuses or justifications given just gone. They must have been so few that they were quietly and without fuss merged into an existing force. It's the only explanation that satisfies. So yes I'm saying the camp attack was a lot worse than the romans claim.

[@TheSasudomi]

Yeah, this is one of the things that bug me since we may never know the truth.

[@user-ew3cn6tm3u]

Has a Scotsman buzzing to watch this 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿!

[@carlwoods4564]

The Scots didnt arrive till the 4th century. It was Picts the Romans were fighting and it was called Caledonia, not Scotland.

[@CME1994]

@@carlwoods4564 still our ancestors were not exactly going to call ourself Picts are we ?! But it’s our ancestors who made the Scottish 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 So shhhhhhh

[@clippergas]

@@carlwoods4564 yappin for the sake of yappin

[@ookammi]

i always like hearing about the lesser known romans

[@vardekpetrovic9716]

At that point the roman empire was not roman any more. The time where the germans was let in legally it began the end of the empire. Immigration without assimilation has never worked. Europe is reaping what it sowed right now and it will only get worse.

[@callusklaus2413]

Jesus christ, literally nothing can be discussed without you freaks getting political.

[@adambane1719]

@@vardekpetrovic9716 You mean Europes money owners

[@junior1497]

@@vardekpetrovic9716 you realize, it is impossible to create an empire without assimilation and migration right? Just ask the natives about those pesky euros

[@JGD185]

​@@vardekpetrovic9716 but keep in mind this is also happening to European countries that never had colonialism. Take Ireland for example. In 2023 the most popular baby name in Dublin was Muhammad, how progressive right? But not only was Ireland not a colonial power, they WERE brutally colonized by the English.

[@WAFFENAMT1]

This Agricola character seemed to have his stuff together, he should have been the Emperor...

[@paultyson4389]

Yeah, Domitian made a proper mess of the wars against the Dacians. Agricola reminds me of Germanicus.

[@etiennesharp]

At the 'Rise of Agricola' section; I'm pretty certain that's not the Pacific Ocean!

[@CloneWars501232]

I mean, America was not yet discovered so maybe the Pacific just came over?

[@lowkeysalmon3092]

But it could be because they're using the sensible map of the time since the new world still is centuries from being discovered

[@lowkeysalmon3092]

But you also have a point because the word pacific was termed by Magellan during his travel and Atlantic would be better

[@InvictaHistory]

Ah shoot... I forgot to edit that part out

[@etiennesharp]

@@InvictaHistory Still a great video mate!

[@-RONNIE]

Thank you for the video I appreciate the information and I hope others do as well

[@SolidAvenger1290]

Great production covering this part of Roman history. Saw HistoryMarche recently did a similar video covering Agricola's campaign into Scotland and how both geopolitical factors & lack of manpower forced Rome to abandon their conquest of the Picts.

[@historyismetal2187]

Great video as usual

[@historyismetal2187]

The elections are sanctioned by Jupiter Capitolinus, they are sacred.

[@sebastianmaharg]

Excellent! Hopefully, you can also cover Septimus Severus' lesser-known campaign soon.

[@user-sz5og5lt6h]

Good job thanks

[@farright118]

I like these videos on Rome's forgotten wars

[@christopherevans2445]

Now this is Invicta

[@Oxtocoatl13]

I've no doubt Agricola was great general but I do want to point out that Tacitus, our main historian for all this, was his son-in-law, so we should take his always glowing conduct with a bit of salt. Of course Tacitus was going to do his damnest to increase his own family's prestige.

[@deepfrieddeepfried1951]

Love ancient scottish history good job nice channel

[@arvidkoop6738]

good video

[@MythicTales993]

I'm impressed by the level of detail and research you put into this video. Well done!

[@4sakenreaper42]

Good video

[@vielplaysdagames2298]

I swear I live in the matrix just yesterday I was looking up videos about the Roman invasion of Scotland to see if what I was doing in total war had any historical context so I could use the correct legions and now today invicta posts a vid about that very topic

[@starshiptrooper2354]

Excellent video

[@paultyson4389]

Great effort, mate. Thanks.

[@ian2372]

What a great documentary, well done.

[@Mrmisticum]

You just gave me willing to play Rome2 after 2 years of pause.

[@Sea-raider]

Good job! Amazing video!

[@kenfox22]

Great video. Thanks. Good team

[@petelamps6055]

This area I was told was at bennachie (pretty much in my back garden here in Aberdeenshire) mon the Scot’s

[@thegrandpoobaa4847]

I have a video idea. Do a video on what happens in the aftermath of a large 18th century naval battle.

[@petersherman2187]

You guys are amazing, as always.

[@RealmRabbit]

Yeah, I had a class on the history of Ancient Warfare and there was a bit about Tacitus and his quote about the auxiliaries not being 'cannon-fodder'... Apparently Agricola I guess was Tacitus' father-in-law so it was kinda a personal subject for him in that way... But yeah, does kinda seem like the auxiliaries were not cannon-fodder in that in various battles I think they actually played key roles in that their light armor enabled them to move through rough terrain areas more easily than other more heavily armored Roman forces... Like one example I think being a battle where they moved through some swamp area quickly? I forget the details...

[@georgebest12]

I think you're referring to the Battle of Medway, where the Batavians crossed a river to assault the Briton's chariots.

[@IXxJordan]

As a Scot, I was sick of hearing the whole "The Romans couldnt take us" narrative. Its good to see another channel basically explain that they could have but we werent valuable enough for them to finish weeding us out comparatively to the other wars.

[@kelsisco]

Really enjoyed this video! Thank you for covering this moment in Rome's history

[@citizen762]

Caledonia. Defeated but never conquered 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 Regarding the casualty figures, we can’t even get accurate figures in a world with computers and satellite comms, what makes anyone think a pro Roman historian would bec any different? History is indeed written by the victors.

[@steveclark5357]

well done, no ai, thank you

[@roberthuitrado4273]

Funny you would post this! 🤣 I’m currently at a Scottish Games in Orange County, Southern California. 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿🇺🇸

[@mitwhitgaming7722]

Guys, I have a terminal case of _the Nerd_ . I mistook the Scottish flag in the thumbnail for two blue lightsabers.

[@brockgundich]

A roman jedi would be gnarly

[@MisterS.]

You may have color blindness

[@highlandoutsider8148]

😂🔥

[@mitwhitgaming7722]

@@MisterS. Can confirm, I do.

[@loyalpiper]

​@mitwhitgaming7722 bit of a weird question but your aren't american by any chance are you?

[@wayfaringhalfling]

27:46- I wonder if this is where the concept of the Island of Thule originated from?

[@igrim4777]

No, Thule was first written about by a wandering Greek from Transalpine Gaul several hundred years before this video is set.

[@christopherg2347]

"How did Mons Graupius go?" "They didn't even send in their legions."

[@MelodicMethod]

thank you

[@canaanite23]

Great job. This is the kind of stuff that made me a fan of your work many years ago. I especially like the lack of that somewhat childish style of animation u picked up some years ago. In any case, I thoroughly enjoyed!

[@serencefrostbite3362]

Huh....I don't remember coming across any of these during my "roman history research" craze.

[@hilebard]

8:40 do you mean decimated or obliterated? With the Roman's there's a clear difference and so if you mean obliterated, I would abstain from using decimated for this meaning

[@parttimegodxx]

Nice!!!

[@YoJesusMorales]

Running for the hills seems like the better option, unless they moved into the roman territory. I wonder how the hell they managed to hold the whole night on that ambush. 13:00

[@danzilla3]

Calgacus looks like he's about to lead a raid on Flavortown.

[@swagysnoop5248]

thats the type of ads that will work on me random interesting books/things. not games like world of conflicts or vpns

[@raymondsommerfeldt2817]

Extremely interesting. Very informative as it helps one to see just how complete Roman Britain was and how difficult the Scots to the North must have been. Many thanks. Loved it!

[@marcushallas]

Is there a playlist of the background music? It's so relaxing!

[@georgebest12]

6:09 Twentieth, not Tenth legion, Valeria Victrix

[@cassivellaunushonestus4927]

Legio XX was Valeria Victrix

[@lukaszwawszczak3108]

You clubbed me with that joke

[@sillytrooper]

weird to explain a potential argument bias for 5 mins, good vid overall!

[@christopheraliaga-kelly6254]

Petillius Cerialis not only 'pacified' the Brigantes tribe, in what is now Yorkshire and Durham but founded York 'Eburacum' and had the road constructed over the Pennines and could have 'pacified' the Carvetii of the Lake district. All this could have 'had quite an effect' on the tribes to the north, such as the Votadini, between the Tyne and the Forth, who became willing allies of the Romans and could have been a Roman creation! Oh, and don't forget the recent discovery of a ferocious siege of the Novantae at their possible "oppidum" of Burnswark that involved masses of lead slingshots! Check out the latest edition of "Current Archaeology".

[@Sk8Bettty]

The first exposure to any of this that I ever had was from Monty Python. That’s why I’m apt to break out into cackling laughter during stories of plagues and the horrors of battle and peasantry cuz that’s when a joke finally clicks. ✌️❤️🇺🇸🍿

[@paulomartins1008]

8:42 did they kill one in every ten rebels?

[@Stallion-EC]

Nice

[@jerrymccoy1947]

The Druids and Druidesses of Mona didn't peacefully surrender in 79 AD. My sources paint a different picture. The Romans MASSACRED the people of Mona. Peacefully surrendering? Hmmph . There was no one left alive to surrender.

[@ayuwoki453]

So basically the Romans left the place in a better state than before.

[@Game_Hero]

@@ayuwoki453 G-nocide is not a "better state"

[@satdownzebra]

The druids were performing a ritual when the Romans arrived and it terrified them. Their generals had to force them to push forward, and some legends say that the druids didn't fight back, because they were offering themselves as a human sacrifice, the most powerful offering in the ancient Celtic religion, and making the Romans partake in the ritual to kill them. The Romans were incredibly religious and superstitious people. It took a lot to scare them, but that would have absolutely terrified the people there.

[@AKNeal81]

Cavalry are soldiers on horseback Calvary is a place

[@rjwintl]

most Southerners don’t know the difference !!

[@ashtonbarwick6696]

For the algorithm!

[@adambane1719]

Strength and Honour

[@antonioferrari241]

Romans: So the Parthians are the horse fuckers, the Carthaginians have elephants, and the Germanians have trees. And what are you supposed to be? Picts: I’M SCOTTISH!

[@hassanabdel-hafeez1592]

Ahh back with Roman Lore

[@dragoninthewest1]

Bagpipes start playing Roman army: Why do I hear boss music?

[@mercenarygundam1487]

All I hear is Degroot Keep

[@uflux]

I didn't realise that in ancient times the Pacific Ocean was off the coast of Iberia! 😐

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

One or two less civil wars and those legions who otherwise would of died in said civil wars could of used the resources of pre civil war Rome to conquer Scotland and perhaps the islands surrounding Scotland like Hebrides and Isle of Mann.

[@mikeruxpin2829]

❤

[@pakshirajan8585]

Please make a video on Satavahana Dynasty ❤❤❤

[@AttilatheHun405]

Wow the romans fight a lot of celts in the north.

[@MikeHunt-fo3ow]

what if the romans focused on keeping what they had instead of expanding?

[@Fuzzypotato2]

Let us count how many times the narrator will say “now let us”

[@Fuzzypotato2]

Never mind. I’m not bothering as he didn’t even hire a decent voice for the video.

[@carlwoods4564]

First of all it wasnt called Scotland, the Scots didnt arrive until the 4th century. It was Picts that were living there. It was called Caledonia.

[@anthonyclark6388]

Pacific ocean?

[@spoddie]

I guess the fantastic food, wonderful weather and beautiful women was too tempting for the Romans.

[@DrKilljoy91AlexMcJoy]

you make a mistake when talking about the 20th legion its not the 10th ..... Legio XX Valeria Victrix your thinking of the X Gemina

[@TheDataman2]

Iceni is pronounced with a hard 'c' ( like 'ikeni'). There are no soft c's in the celtic languages!

[@nickh4280]

As the 80th comment. I can indeed confirm that it was rather cold, rainy and primitive. Would see these people as the same as Gauls...

[@user-st6uh7lj2k]

the 9th legion was lost in in the north

[@andremorrison3545]

I wonder how many of them were scared sh!t less at their first sound of the Carnyx eerily blaring through 300 year old pine trees and scant traveled paths

[@MrSwordstroker]

however

[@zvi4954]

I know someone who used to live near the house of the general who led the Roman legions in Britannia...

[@janlindtner305]

👍👍👍

[@mohammedsaysrashid3587]

It was an informative and wonderful historical coverage episode about Romans assaulted on Canadian tribes in Scotland territories during the 7th AD centuries ....thanks 🙏 Invicta channel for sharing

[@kaisergray9413]

It should be noted that "Scotland" didn't exist at the time of the Roman Invasion of the territories that now make up modern day Scotland. In Roman times, "Caledonia" would of been a more period correct term. This fact isn't mentioned until about 1/3 of the way in. This comment was for anyone who didn't watch all the way in or read the title without watching the video. Please watch the fully video.

[@kaisergray9413]

A few times in this video the narrator called these people of Northern Britain "ancient scots", this term is inaccurate as the "Scotti" were a Goidolic "Q-Celtic" people that wouldn't arrive in mainland Britain for at least another 200 years after this campaign. Instead these people were various northern Britons who belong to the "P-Celtic" peoples and would of been more related to the Welsh, Cumbrians, and Picts than they were to the Scottish. The modern Scots of the lowlands even more distantly related (ethno-linguistically) as they are descendents of the northern Anglo-Saxons, which are Germanic.

[@janice506]

The tribes all united against the invaders.

[@myvidz4904]

Rome was just too big for their timeline and technology. I watched the while video then realized this is just what was going on on that PART of the Empire.

[@RoelScheper]

However

[@user-mk3bj9nq8c]

Romans aren't known for leaving a region they conquered. So my question is this, if Rome conquered Scotland why are there no signs of Roman settlements in Scotland?

[@a11osaurus]

There are Roman forts all over Scotland. Also the remains of the Antonine wall

[@user-mk3bj9nq8c]

@@a11osaurus Where?

[@a11osaurus]

@@user-mk3bj9nq8c look it up. There are many.

[@j.b.2263]

Hadrian is know for that.

[@robertmccall346]

Visit the Roman Bath House remains in Bearsden. Also the Antonine Wall remains.

[@tomcarroll1297]

It was not called Scotland back then. Indeed we can only assume that they called it Caledonia, as we will never know.

[@johnord684]

No such place as Scotland then ,and they didn't use the saltire of St Andrew

[@janice506]

But the landmass was there & the tribes all united under one banner against the romans what the country was called is immaterial & Scotland is one of the oldest countries in the world older than England

[@A.G.798]

Agricola is the Greet !

[@adambane1719]

Ah, so the Romans did whip the Pics.... they just weren't worthwhile consolidating their victories. I see.

[@987jof]

Technically the “Scots” as we know the term were still in Ireland at the time

[@RoyalRegimentofScotland]

If your going by the Latin definition then yes but modern term then no

[@carlwoods4564]

​@@RoyalRegimentofScotlandNo. The Scotti were a different tribe than the Picts. And didnt arrive in Scotland untill the 4th century.

[@RoyalRegimentofScotland]

@@carlwoods4564 That's why I said by Latin definition yes. By latin scot just meant specifically geals. Now, it is simply used as a term to describe the decdants of the native Britons, geals, and germanic people in general. The picts also aren't a tribe not even by the Latin meaning nor were the picts the only brythonic group the geals invaded on Scotland. And the scotti actually arrived in the 6th or very late 5th century around 500AD. They had raided britian before in the 4th century, but it was around the same time that the angles and saxons began to invade that the geals invaded Britian aswell.

[@carlwoods4564]

@@RoyalRegimentofScotland Im well aware of the history my own country.

[@andrewcombe8907]

What I found impressive was the Romans were smart enough to know the walls should be built at the narrowest parts of Scotland.

[@fingerinalightsocket2309]

Smart enough? I hate people like you that think our ancestors were stupid. If they were, we wouldn't be here

[@the_struggler_9025]

I wonder what would have happened to Northern Europe had Rome not conquered the various Celtic speaking people.

[@kevwhufc8640]

The Iceni rebellion shouldn't have happened, as we know at the time of the Roman invasion the Iceni took no part in defending or fighting against the invading Roman's, because they were allies of Rome , in fact they welcomed the Romans, who promised to protect defend them from the trinovantes and catuvellauni. What else they were promised we will never really know , but whatever it was they obviously felt let down, because before the last Iceni rebellion there had been at least 2 smaller uprisings which the Romans put down quite easily. But the ruling/ governing body knew the Iceni were unhappy and should have made sure the problem was sorted out. But they obviously didn't sort it out because we know what happened . The attack on colchester was unexpected and suffered the most, at least 2000 innocent ordinary Celts were abused and killed. Only 1% would have been Roman citizens, inc retired legionaries. And most of those wouldn't have been in the city they would have been in their farmsteads on their own land. It was less than 20 years after the Romans invaded, London was just a small settlement, on land previously ruled by the catuvellauni ,all except the sick or lame deserted after being warned , to the hills the woodland or south of the river . The people of verulamium also left the city and hid in the surrounding woodland . The Iceni would've looted whatever they wanted, but killed a handful, like London, only the sick , lame . Before moving on and being destroyed by seutonius. The overall damage was very little, verulamium wasn't even half built, roads were being laid out ,ground levelling & footings for the most important buildings had started , only a few 'villas' small basic wooden homes , intended for short term , basically verulamium was a building site, surrounded by traditional roundhouses . So it was no big deal for builders to clear up and start again . The archaeology of verulamium, in section ( like a slice of cake) the layers over the 400 years under Roman rule, shows many changes, layers sime thicker / deeper than others, the thinnest, are the the 1st century, a small town made of wood, the Iceni burning is only 3/4 cm at its deepest and only a few mm in other parts, a patchy not continuous layer, reflecting a part built, work in progress As it was at that time. Basically the whole thing was over within a few months, archaeology shows farming, ploughing, continued within weeks , basically it had no real affect. Apart from colchester, they did suffer.. Everywhere else carried on as usual within no time . If anything London and verulamium were rebuilt replanned better stronger with a more permanent solid foundation.

[@JohnRNewAccountNumber3]

Dude ended up marrying his wife? What a romantic roman

[@IceniBrave]

Too often hear people claiming "Rome couldn't conquer Scotland!", "The ancient Scots defeated Rome!" etc. When really Roman arms crushed all resistance every time they could be bothered to go there, and Severus seems to have essentially inflicted genocide on large parts of modern Scotland. It might never have fully incorporated into the empire, but Rome totally dominated Scotland.

[@janice506]

Talking rubbish we were never conquered deal with it !!

[@IceniBrave]

@janice506 the fact that you use the word 'we' to describe people and events 2000 years ago is ample demonstration that you don't have a reasonable perspective on this.

[@gregsurles4199]

I want a modern, high budget movie saga based on roman campaigns like this. I can already see it. The night raid on the 9th. The carnage and desperation. Officers motivating their men hold line through the long night. Then, Agricula arrives with the rising sun. His golden helmet gleaming as he orders the charge. Fuck, I think I just jizzed a little.

[@dandrummond9154]

Agri Cola